tīgnum

* * *

tignum, i, n. ( masc. collat. form, plur. tigni, Liv. 44, 5, 4; but Weissenb. reads tigno) [root tek-; Gr. etekon, tiktô, whence technê, tektôn, texo], building-stuff, building-materials (syn. trabs).

In gen. (ante-class. and in jurid. lang.):

tigni appellatione in lege duodecim tabularum omne genus materiae, ex quā aedificia constant, significatur,

Dig. 50, 16, 62; cf.:

tigni autem appellatione continetur omnis materia, ex quā aedificium constat vineaeque necessaria. Unde quidam aiunt, tegulam quoque et lapidem et testam ceteraque, si qua aedificiis sunt utilia (tigna enim a tegendo dicta sunt) hoc amplius et calcem et harenam tignorum appellatione contineri,

ib. 47, 3 (de tigno juncto), 1.—

In partic., a piece or stick of timber, a trunk of a tree, a log, beam (class.):

venit imber... Tigna putrefacit,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 31:

tigna trabesque,

Lucr. 2, 192; so,

with trabes,

id. 6, 241:

supra eum locum duo tigna transversa injecerunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

et levia radere tigna Et terebrare etiam ac pertundere perque forare,

Lucr. 5, 1266:

tigna bina sesquipedalia in flumen defixerat,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17; cf. id. B. C. 2, 10; 2, 15:

torquet ingens machina tignum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 73; id. A. P. 279:

summo quae pendet aranea tigno,

Ov. M. 4, 179; 8, 648; Sen. Ep. 120, 7:

cava,

i. e. ships, Prop. 4 (5), 6, 50.

a. high-born, of high estate, noble, of a king or an earl (þú kannt vel at vera með tignum mönnum).

* * *

adj. [tiginn and tigund are kindred words, so that tiginn prop. means notable, marked]:—high-born, of high estate, of a king or an earl; Uppsvía-ætt er tignust er á Norðrlöndum, þvíat sú ætt er komin frá goðunum sjálfum, Ó. H. 87; en þeir mundi þrjú hundruð vetra, at engi mundi vera í ætt hans kona eðr ú-tiginn maðr …, Edda 104; konungr mælti, far þú vel, vitr maðr ertú ok siðugr ok kannt vel at vera með tignum mönnum, Ó. H. 66: þá sagði Ólafr konungr, vel kanntú at vera með tignum mönnum, Sighvatr, Fb. ii. 112; lítt nýt ek þess þá, segir hón, at ek em konungs-dóttir, ef mik skal gipta ú-tignum manni, … þat hugda ek, segir hann (the king), at ek munda hafa vald at göra þann tiginn mann hér í landi sem ek vil, Fms. ii. 298; höll skipat með enum tignastum mönnum, Þiðr. 319; tiginn at metorðum, 655 x. 2; göra öngan manna mun hvárt er tiginn eða ú-tiginn, Eg. 351; öllum gaf hann þeim nökkurn grip, þeim stærri er tignari vóru, Fms. vi. 181; segir sér torfenginn slíkan mann ú-tiginn sem Kjartan var, Ld. 189; nú er þess engi ván, at ek giptumk ú-tignum manni … nú vill hón eigi eiga ú-tiginn mann, þá meguð ér gefa mér tignar-nafn, hefi ek til þess ætt, at ek mætta jarl heita, Fms. vi. 289: in tigna, a nickname, Orkn.

a, m. a rude, silly fool, [the French gobemouche], Bs. i. 806, Mag. 64 (Ed.); sem a. at svara fólsku tignum mönnum, Sturl. iii. 138.

* * *

* * *

a stake, wattle, Irish cleith, cleath, Early Irish cleth, tignum, Welsh clyd, sheltering, Middle Breton clet, warm (place); root qleit, qlit, Old Sax. hhlîdan, cover, Gothic hleiðra, hut, Church Slavonic kleti, house. Hence cleith, roof; the Early Irish cléthe, roof, roof-pole, appears to be for kleitio-, the same root in its full vocalic form (Schräder).

concealing, Old Irish cleith; See cleath.

incŭtĭo, cussi, cussum, ĕre, v. a. [inquatio], to strike upon or against (syn.: impingo, illido, infligo; class.; in Cic. only in the trop. signif.).

Lit.:

scipionem in caput alicujus,

Liv. 5, 41, 9: pedem terrae, to strike or dash against, Quint. 2, 12, 10:

pollicem limini cubiculi,

Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 181:

tignum capiti,

Juv. 3, 246:

incutiebantur puppibus prorae,

Curt. 9, 9:

incussi articuli,

i. e. injured by a blow, Plin. 30, 9, 23, § 78.—Hence, subst.: incussa, ōrum, n. plur., bruised or injured parts, Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 33; 22, 14, 16, § 37.—

Transf., to throw, cast, hurl:

tormentis faces et hastas,

Tac. A. 13, 39:

tela saxaque,

id. H. 3, 31:

imber grandinem incutiens,

Curt. 8, 4, 5:

colaphum,

to give a box on the ear, Juv. 9, 5. —

Trop.

To strike into, to inspire with, inflict, excite, produce terror, disturbance, etc.

With dat.: multis magnum metum, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 2:

terrorem alicui,

Cic. Univ. 10 fin.:

religionem animo,

Liv. 22, 42, 9:

alicui foedum nuntium,

bring bad news, id. 2, 8, 7:

animis subitam formidinem,

Curt. 4, 13, 13:

ingentem animo sollicitudinem,

id. 3, 6, 5:

desiderium urbis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 22:

ne forte negoti Incutiat tibi quid sanctarum inscitia legum,

should occasion trouble, id. S. 2, 1, 80. —

Without dat.:

timor incutitur aut ex ipsorum periculis aut ex communibus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 51, 209. —

To shake, cause to tremble:

crebrior incussit mentem pavor,

Val. Fl. 5, 551.

incŭtĭo, cussi, cussum, ĕre, v. a. [inquatio], to strike upon or against (syn.: impingo, illido, infligo; class.; in Cic. only in the trop. signif.).

Lit.:

scipionem in caput alicujus,

Liv. 5, 41, 9: pedem terrae, to strike or dash against, Quint. 2, 12, 10:

pollicem limini cubiculi,

Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 181:

tignum capiti,

Juv. 3, 246:

incutiebantur puppibus prorae,

Curt. 9, 9:

incussi articuli,

i. e. injured by a blow, Plin. 30, 9, 23, § 78.—Hence, subst.: incussa, ōrum, n. plur., bruised or injured parts, Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 33; 22, 14, 16, § 37.—

Transf., to throw, cast, hurl:

tormentis faces et hastas,

Tac. A. 13, 39:

tela saxaque,

id. H. 3, 31:

imber grandinem incutiens,

Curt. 8, 4, 5:

colaphum,

to give a box on the ear, Juv. 9, 5. —

Trop.

To strike into, to inspire with, inflict, excite, produce terror, disturbance, etc.

With dat.: multis magnum metum, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 2:

terrorem alicui,

Cic. Univ. 10 fin.:

religionem animo,

Liv. 22, 42, 9:

alicui foedum nuntium,

bring bad news, id. 2, 8, 7:

animis subitam formidinem,

Curt. 4, 13, 13:

ingentem animo sollicitudinem,

id. 3, 6, 5:

desiderium urbis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 22:

ne forte negoti Incutiat tibi quid sanctarum inscitia legum,

should occasion trouble, id. S. 2, 1, 80. —

Without dat.:

timor incutitur aut ex ipsorum periculis aut ex communibus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 51, 209. —

To shake, cause to tremble:

crebrior incussit mentem pavor,

Val. Fl. 5, 551.

māchĭna, ae, f. = mêchanê, a machine, i. e. any artificial contrivance for performing work, an engine, fabric, frame, scaffolding, staging, easel, warlike engine, military machine, etc.

Lit.

In gen.:

moles et machina mundi,

Lucr. 5, 96:

omnes illae columnae machinā appositā dejectae sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 55, § 145:

torquet nunc lapidem, nunc ingens machina tignum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 73:

trahuntque siccas machinae carinas,

id. C. 1, 4, 2:

frumentaria,

Dig. 33, 7, 12.—

Esp.,

A platform on which slaves were exposed for sale:

amicam de machinis emere,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 2, 8.—

A painter's easel, Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 120.—

A scaffold for building:

de machinā cadere,

Dig. 13, 6, 5; Plin. 19, 2, 8, § 30.—

A military machine, warlike engine:

machinis omnium generum expugnare oppidum,

Sall. J. 21:

aut haec in nostros fabricata est machina muros,

Verg. A. 2, 46:

murales,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202:

arietaria,

Vitr. 10, 19.—

Trop., a device, plan, contrivance; esp. a trick, artifice, stratagem:

at nunc disturba quas statuisti machinas,

i. e. abandon your schemes, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 137:

totam hanc legem ad illius opes evertendas tamquam machinam comparari,

Cic. Agr. 2, 18, 50: omnes ad amplificandam orationem quasi machinae, * Quint. 11, 1, 44: dolum aut machinam commoliar, Caecil. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

quantas moveo machinas!

Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 1:

aliquam machinabor machinam, Unde aurum efficiam,

id. Bacch. 2, 2, 54.

mĕtrēta, ae, f., = metrêtês, an Athenian measure for liquids, containing 12 congii (choes) and 144 kotulai (3/4 of the Attic medimnus, about 9 gallons English):

picis liquidae metreta,

Col. 12, 22, 1:

se vendidisse navem, metretas quae trecentas tolleret,

Plaut. Merc. prol. 75.—

Transf., a tun, cask, jar:

oleum si in metretam novam inditurus eris,

Cato, R. R. 100:

Hispanae,

Mart. 5, 16, 7:

olivariae,

Col. 12, 47:

hic tignum capiti incutit, ille metretam,

Juv. 3, 246.

rŏtundo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [rotundus], to make round, to round off, round (syn. torno).

Lit. (class.):

cum similem universitatis naturae efficere vellet, ad volubilitatem rotundavit,

Cic. Univ. 10:

tignum ad circinum,

Vitr. 10, 11, 1:

vasculum in modum papillae,

App. M. 11, p. 262, 9:

orbem solis (with curvare aequaliter),

Vell. 2, 59, 6:

se (flamma),

Mel. 1, 18, 4.—Mid.:

herbae in caulem rotundantur,

Plin. 21, 17, 66, § 106.—

Trop., of style, etc., to round off, elaborate, (very rare): elegos acutos ac rotundatos hendecasyllabos elucubrare, rounded, i. e. smooth, polished, Sid. Ep. 8, 4. —Of a sum of money, to make up, complete (cf. corrotundo):

mille talenta rotundentur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 34.

templum, i, n. [prob. for temulum; root tem- of temnô; cf. temenos, a sacred enclosure; hence],

Lit., a space marked out; hence, in partic., in augury, an open place for observation, marked out by the augur with his staff:

templum dicitur locus manu auguris designatus in aëre, post quem factum ilico captantur auguria,

Serv. Verg. A. 1, 92:

dictum templum locus augurii aut auspicii causā quibusdam conceptis verbis finitus. Concipitur verbis non isdem usquequaquae. In Arce sic: templa tescaque me ita sunto quoad ego caste lingua nuncupavero. Olla veter arbor, quirquir est, quam me sentio dixisse, templum tescumque finito in sinistrum, etc.... In hoc templo faciundo arbores constitui fines apparet,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 6 sq. Müll.:

Palatium Romulus, Remus Aventinum ad inaugurandum templa capiunt,

Liv. 1, 6, 4.—

Transf., with the idea of openness, extent, or that of sanctity predominating.

An open, clear, broad space, a circuit (so rare and mostly poet.): unus erit, quem tu tolles in caerula caeli Templa, i. e. the space or circuit of the heavens, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 6 Müll. (Ann. v. 67); cf.:

nec mare nec tellus neque caeli lucida templa, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 1014; so,

caeli,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 42; Lucr. 1, 1064; 1, 1105; 2, 1039; 6, 286; 6, 644; 6, 1228; cf.

caelestia,

id. 6, 388; 6, 670: magna caelitum, Enn. ap. Varr. 7, § 6 Müll. (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.): magnum Jovis altitonantis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 7 Müll. (Ann. v. 531 Vahl.): mundi magnum et vorsatile templum, the extent or circuit of the world, Lucr. 5, 1436; so,

mundi,

id. 5, 1205; 6, 43; cf.:

deus, cujus hoc templum est omne quod conspicis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 15, 15;

Somn. Scip. 3, 6: globus, quem in hoc templo medium vides, quae terra dicitur,

Cic. Rep. 6, 15, 15.—Of the infernal regions: Acherusia templa alta Orci, salvete, infera, spaces, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 6 Müll. (Trag. v. 107 Vahl.); id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 21, 48.—Of the plain of the sea:

loca Neptunia templaque turbulenta,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 3; cf. id. Rud. 4, 2, 4.—Of the hollow space or chamber of the mouth:

umida linguaï circum sidentia templa,

Lucr. 4, 624.—

A consecrated or sacred place, a sanctuary (syn.: aedes, fanum).

In gen.:

(sacerdotes) urbem et agros et templa liberata et effata habento,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21; cf.:

hinc effari templa dicuntur ab auguribus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 53 Müll.—Of the Rostra:

in Rostris, in illo inquam inaugurato templo ac loco,

Cic. Vatin. 10, 24; cf.:

rostraque id templum appellatum,

Liv. 8, 14, 12; Cic. Sest. 29, 62; Liv. 2, 56, 10; 3, 17, 1; 8, 35, 8 Drak.—Of the Curia:

templum ordini ab se aucto Curiam fecit,

Liv. 1, 30, 2; 26, 31, 11; 26, 33, 4.—Of a tribunal, Liv. 23, 10 Drak.; Flor. 2, 12, 11. —Of an asylum, Liv. 2, 1, 4.—

Trop., a sanctuary, shrine:

pectus templaque mentis,

Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

(curia) templum sanctitatis, amplitudinis, mentis, consilii publici,

Cic. Mil. 33, 90.—

In partic., a place dedicated to some particular deity, a fane, temple, shrine:

Herculis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94:

Jovis,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 4:

Junonis Sospitae,

id. Div. 1, 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 1, 44, 99; Verg. A. 1, 446:

Virtutis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21:

Vestae,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 16:

Minervae,

Verg. A. 6, 840:

antiqua deorum,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 104:

donec templa refeceris,

id. C. 3, 6, 2:

testudo amica templis,

id. ib. 3, 11, 6:

templorum positor, templorum sancte repostor,

Ov. F. 2, 63.—Of the sepulchral monument of Sychaeus, to whom divine honors were paid, [p. 1851] Verg. A. 4, 457; cf. Sil. 1, 84.—

A small timber; in architecture, a purlin lying horizontally upon the rafters, Vitr. 4, 2 and 7; cf.:

templum significat et tignum, quod in aedificio transversum ponitur,

Fest. p. 367 Müll.

tĭgillum, i, n. dim. [tignum].

A small piece of wood:

clamat suam rem perisse... de suo tigillo fumus si qua exit foras,

i. e. if the least bit of wood is burned in his house, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 21. —

Esp., a little beam, Liv. 1, 26, 13; Cat. 67, 39; Tib. 2, 1, 39; Phaedr. 1, 2, 14; Juv. 7, 46; App. M. 1, p. 109. —

Sororium Tigillum; v. sororius, II.

torquĕo, torsi, tortum, 2 (archaic inf. torquerier, Hor. S. 2, 8, 67), v. a. [Gr. trepô, to turn; cf. atrekês; also Sanscr. tarkus; Gr. atraktos, a spindle; and strephô, to twist], to turn, turn about or away; to twist, bend, wind (class.; syn. converto).

Lit.

In gen.:

cervices oculosque,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 39:

oculum,

to roll, distort, id. Ac. 2, 25, 80:

ora,

to twist awry, id. Off. 1, 36, 131:

ab obscenis sermonibus aurem,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 127:

oculos ad moenia,

Verg. A. 4, 220:

ad sonitum vocis vestigia,

id. ib. 3, 669:

serpens squamosos orbes Torquet,

Ov. M. 3, 42; cf.

anguis,

Verg. G. 3, 38:

capillos ferro,

i. e. to curl, frizzle, Ov. A. A. 1, 505:

stamina pollice,

id. M. 12, 475:

remis aquas,

id. F. 5, 644:

spumas,

Verg. A. 3, 208:

taxos in arcus,

to bend, id. G. 2, 448:

tegumen torquens immane leonis,

winding about him, id. A. 7, 666:

cum terra circum axem se convertat et torqueat,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

torta circum bracchia vestis,

Tac. H. 5, 22.—

In partic.

To whirl around, to whirl in the act of throwing, to wield, brandish, to fling with force, to hurl (mostly poet.):

torquet nunc lapidem, nunc ingens machina tignum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 73:

amnis torquet sonantia saxa,

Verg. A. 6, 551:

stuppea torquentem Balearis verbera fundae,

id. G. 1, 309:

jaculum in hostem,

id. A. 10, 585; Ov. M. 12, 323: hastam in hunc, id. ib 5, 137;

for which: hastam alicui,

Val. Fl. 3, 193:

telum aurata ad tempora,

Verg. A. 12, 536:

tela manu,

Ov. M. 12, 99:

valido pila lacerto,

id. F. 2, 11:

glebas, ramos,

id. M. 11, 30:

cum fulmina torquet (Juppiter),

Verg. A. 4, 208;

and trop.: cum Juppiter horridus austris Torquet aquosam hiemem,

id. ib. 9, 671; cf.:

Eurus nubes in occiduum orbem,

Luc. 4, 63.—In prose:

torquere amentatas hastas lacertis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 242.—

To twist awry, misplace, turn aside, distort:

negat sibi umquam, cum oculum torsisset, duas ex lucernā flammulas esse visas,

Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 80:

ora Tristia temptantum sensu (sapor) torquebit amaro,

Verg. G. 2, 247.—

To wrench the limbs upon the rack, to put to the rack or to the torture, to rack, torture (class.):

ita te nervo torquebo, itidem uti catapultae solent,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 12:

eculeo torqueri,

Cic. Fin. 3, 13, 42:

aliquem servilem in modum,

Suet. Aug. 27; cf.:

ira torquentium,

Tac. A. 15, 57:

servum in caput domini,

against his master, Dig. 48, 18, 1: vinctus tortusve, [p. 1880] Suet. Aug. 40 fin. —

Trop.

In gen., to twist, wrest, distort, turn, bend, direct (a favorite expression of Cicero):

versare suam naturam et regere ad tempus atque huc et illuc torquere ac flectere,

Cic. Cael. 6, 13:

torquere et flectere imbecillitatem animorum,

id. Leg. 1, 10, 29:

oratio ita flexibilis, ut sequatur, quocumque torqueas,

id. Or. 16, 52:

omnia ad suae causae commodum,

id. Inv. 2, 14, 46:

verbo ac litterā jus omne torqueri,

wrested, perverted, id. Caecin. 27, 77:

sonum,

to inflect, Auct. Her. 3, 14, 25:

cuncta tuo qui bella, pater, sub numine torques,

Verg. A. 12, 180:

versare sententias, et huc atque illuc torquere,

Tac. H. 1, 85.—

In partic. (acc. to A. 2.), to rack, torment, torture (syn.:

ango, crucio): tuae libidines te torquent,

Cic. Par. 2, 18:

mitto aurum coronarium, quod te diutissime torsit,

id. Pis. 37, 90: acriter nos tuae supplicationes torserunt, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 1:

equidem dies noctesque torqueor,

Cic. Att. 7, 9, 4:

verbi controversia jam diu torquet Graeculos homines,

id. de Or. 1, 11, 47; 3, 9, 33:

stulti malorum memoriā torquentur,

id. Fin. 1, 17, 57:

sollicitudine, poenitentia, etc., torquetur mens,

Quint. 12, 1, 7:

invidiā vel amore vigil torquebere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 37; Ov. H. 20, 123:

torqueor, infesto ne vir ab hoste cadat,

id. ib. 9, 36; cf. Hor. S. 2, 8, 67:

Aeacus torquet umbras,

holds inquisition over, Juv. 1, 9.— Transf.: (reges) dicuntur torquere mero, quem perspexisse laborant, qs. to rack with wine, i. e. to try or test with wine, Hor. A. P. 435; so,

vino tortus et irā,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 38.—

To hurl, fling (of language):

curvum sermone rotato enthymema,

Juv. 6, 449.—Hence, tortus, a, um, P. a., twisted, crooked, contorted, distorted.

Lit.:

via (labyrinthi),

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 42:

quercus,

i. e. a twisted oakgarland, Verg. G. 1, 349.—Hence,

Subst.: torta, ae, f., a twisted loaf, a twist, Vulg. 1 Par. 16, 3. —

Trop.:

condiciones,

confused, complicated, Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 25. — Adv.: tortē, awry, crookedly:

torte penitusque remota,

Lucr. 4, 305 (329).