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41 instrument
------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] flat part of cutting instr.[Swahili Word] kengee[Swahili Plural] makengee[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] grooved iron instrument for drawing rice samples[Swahili Word] ubambo[Swahili Plural] bambo[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 11/10------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] instrument[English Plural] instruments[Swahili Word] ala[Swahili Plural] ala[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[English Example] all kinds of instruments/tools, he came fully equipped[Swahili Example] kila instrument ya kazi, amekuja na instrument zake------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] instrument[English Plural] instruments[Swahili Word] chombo[Swahili Plural] vyombo[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] instrument[English Plural] instruments[Swahili Word] kidude[Swahili Plural] vidude[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] instrument[English Plural] instruments[Swahili Word] kifaa[Swahili Plural] vifaa[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] -faa------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] instrument[English Plural] instruments[Swahili Word] kipande[Swahili Plural] vipande[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Related Words] pande, pandikizi, upande[English Example] surveying instrument[Swahili Example] kipande cha kupimia------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] instrument[Swahili Word] samani[Swahili Plural] samani[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] instrument[English Plural] instruments[Swahili Word] kitendea kazi[Swahili Plural] vitendea kazi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Dialect] recent[Swahili Definition] kifaa, chombo[Swahili Example] Anatengeneza vitendea kazi kama mashine za kuranda pamoja na vipuri vyake, mashine kwa ajili ya kutengeneza zana mbalimbali za kutendea kazi na ubunifu wa mashine za aina nyingi tu.[www.sengerema.or.tz]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] instrument[English Plural] instruments[Swahili Word] ala[Swahili Plural] maala[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] instrument[English Plural] instruments[Swahili Word] nyala[Swahili Plural] nyala[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] instrument (horn) used for bleeding[Swahili Word] umiko[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] instrument (horn) used for cupping[Swahili Word] umiko[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] instrument (horn) used for cupping and bleeding[Swahili Word] ndumiko[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] instrument (horn) used for cupping and bleeding[Swahili Word] umiko[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] musical (stringed) instrument[Swahili Word] kinanda[Swahili Plural] vinanda[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] musical instrument[Swahili Word] ala ya muziki[Swahili Plural] ala za muziki[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] musical instrument[Swahili Word] fidla[Swahili Plural] fidla[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] musical instrument[Swahili Word] ilimba[Swahili Plural] ilimba[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] musical instrument[Swahili Word] manyanga[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 6------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] musical instrument[Swahili Word] vugo[Swahili Plural] mavugo[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] musical instrument (made of a calabash)[Swahili Word] gumbu[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] musical instrument resembling a zither[Swahili Word] santuri[Swahili Plural] santuri[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] musical instrument resembling a zither[Swahili Word] senturi[Swahili Plural] senturi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[English Example] we listened to the ancient songs from the zither-like musical instrument[Swahili Example] Tulisikiliza nyimbo za zamani kutoka senturi------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] percussion instrument[English Plural] percussion instruments[Swahili Word] kibati[Swahili Plural] vibati[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] stringed instrument like banjo[Swahili Word] kinanda[Swahili Plural] vinanda[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] stringed instrument similar to a banjo[Swahili Word] zeze[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] stringed musical instrument[Swahili Word] zeze[Swahili Plural] zeze[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------ -
42 планшет
1) General subject: map-board (топографический), map-case, plane table, plotting board, sketch board, sketch-board, writing tablet, clipboard (http://www.ls.ru/all/ls_ru/content/images/catalogue/big/pp-mam-pd1.jpg), slate, tablet PC2) Computers: sheet3) Geology: quadrangle, sketching board, surveying panel, surveying plane table4) Aviation: map-holder5) Military: board, chart board, (папка-) map case, mapboard, plotter6) Engineering: base table of instruments, field plotter, graphics pad, map case7) Construction: drawing board (мензулы), plat, surveyor's table8) Automobile industry: plate9) Mining: plane-table map10) Forestry: compartment many-leaved, compartment map, flight many-leaved, flight map11) Polygraphy: drawing board, (электронный) drawing board (для вёрстки набора), table12) Information technology: data tablet, graphic tablet, pad13) Oil: plane-table, tablet15) Astronautics: plot, plot board16) Cartography: field document, field sheet, field survey sheet, map board, planetable, plotting sheet, survey plat, survey sheet, topographic manuscript, topographical manuscript17) Business: black line master18) Automation: pad (для поточечного ввода изображений), plotting device, tablet (для ввода координат позиций)19) Arms production: plate table20) Security: draw pad, electronic slate (для ввода сообщений или изображений)21) Nuclear weapons: sample case -
43 instrument
прибор
absolute gravity instruments приборы для измерения абсолютного значения силы тяжести в данной точке
integrating instrument планиметр, интегратор
leveling instrument нивелир
relative gravity instruments приборы для относительного измерения силы тяжести
scale-feading instrument прибор с отсчётом по шкале
surveying instrument геодезический прибор
* * * -
44 instrument
- instrument
- nприбор, инструмент
- automatic stadia reduction instrument
- control instrument
- drawing instruments
- leveling instrument
- sensitive instrument
- signaling instrument
- surveying instrument
- testing instrument
- total station instrument
Англо-русский строительный словарь. — М.: Русский Язык. С.Н.Корчемкина, С.К.Кашкина, С.В.Курбатова. 1995.
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45 operation
1. операция, действие, рабочий процесс; обслуживание, управление2. цикл [процесс] обработки3. разработка, эксплуатация4. режим
* * *
1. операция; действие; работа; эксплуатация3. обслуживание— in operation
* * *
обслуживание, управление ( машиной); работа, цикл обработки
* * *
действие, операция (математическая или физическая, обычно обозначаемая некоторым символом; операциями являются дифференцирование, интегрирование, свёртка, преобразование Фурье, взаимная корреляция и т.п); 2) деятельность; разработка
* * *
1) операция; действие; работа; эксплуатация (<<машины>)2) срабатывание ( устройства)4) обслуживание•in operation — в процессе работы; в эксплуатации;
operations inspected — число проверенных операций;
to be out of operation — находиться в неисправном состоянии;
- operation of seismic data exchangeto put a plant into operation — вводить установку в эксплуатацию;
- abnormal operation
- accident-free operation
- air-gaslift well operation
- airlift well operation
- artificial-lift well operation
- bit operation
- bit off-center operation
- breakout operation
- cased-hole operations
- cementing operations
- commercial operation
- completion operations
- construction-and-assembling operations
- continuous flowing well operation
- continuous gaslift well operation
- cyclic storage operation
- debris-free operation
- degraded operation
- depth-probing operations
- drilling operation
- drilling-and-blasting operations
- drilling-in operation
- drop weight operations
- dry land operation
- emergency operation
- failed operation
- fail-safe operation
- failure-free operation
- fault-free operation
- field operation
- finite reflux operation
- fishing operations
- flashing operation
- flowing well operation
- fueling operation
- gas-injection operation
- gaslift well operation
- gas-scrubbing operation
- gas-washing operation
- gas-welding operations
- gate valves operation
- graceful operation
- handling operations
- hole straightening operations
- hydraulic fracturing operation
- hydropacker plunger lift well operation
- infinite reflux operation
- intermittent flowing well operation
- intermittent gaslift well operation
- kick-killing operation
- launchway operation
- logging operation
- makeup operation
- mapping operation
- mild-duty operation
- milling operations
- multiduty operation
- multiple-stream operation
- natural pressure gaslift well operation
- no-failure operation
- nonresiduum operation
- nonstop operation
- offshore operations
- oil spotting operation
- one-way operation
- parallel operation
- partial reflux operation
- pilot operation
- positioned operation
- pressure-testing operation
- primary operation
- prior operation
- producing operation
- products pipeline operation
- radioactive tracer operations
- reliability assurance operation
- repair operations
- repair-and-renewal operations
- rig operation
- rig-down operations
- rig-up operations
- round-the-clock operation
- round-trip operation
- running operation
- safe operation
- salvage operation
- sand washing operation
- seismic operations
- seismic logging operations
- seismic processing operation
- series operation
- shooting operations
- shot operations
- shot-firing operation
- sidetracking operation
- sighting operation
- stacking operation
- steam injection operation
- straight gaslift well operation
- successful operation
- survey operation
- system operation
- tank-truck loading operation
- test operation
- total reflux operation
- tripping operation
- trouble-free operation
- unattended operation
- undisturbed operation
- unit operation of field
- uphole shooting operation
- velocity-analysis operation
- Vibroseis operations
- washover fishing operations
- water flood operation
- water injection operation
- weight-dropping operation
- well operation
- well operation without pumping derrick
- well-logging operations
- well-service operation
- well-surveying operation
- well-workover operation
- wireline operation
- wireline fishing operations
- wireline remedial operations
- wireline workover operations* * *Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > operation
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46 kipande
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kipande[Swahili Plural] vipande[English Word] piece[English Plural] pieces[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Related Words] pande, pandikizi, upande[English Example] piece of meat------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kipande[Swahili Plural] vipande[English Word] part[English Plural] parts[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Related Words] pande, pandikizi, upande------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kipande[Swahili Plural] vipande[English Word] portion[English Plural] portions[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Related Words] pande, pandikizi, upande------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kipande[Swahili Plural] vipande[English Word] fragment[English Plural] fragments[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Related Words] pande, pandikizi, upande------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kipande[Swahili Plural] vipande[English Word] splinter[English Plural] splinters[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Related Words] pande, pandikizi, upande------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kipande[Swahili Plural] vipande[English Word] instrument[English Plural] instruments[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Related Words] pande, pandikizi, upande[Swahili Example] kipande cha kupimia[English Example] surveying instrument------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kipande[Swahili Plural] vipande[English Word] equipment[English Plural] equipment[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Related Words] pande, pandikizi, upande------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kipande[Swahili Plural] vipande[English Word] card on which the daily work of a laborer is recorded[English Plural] cards[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Dialect] archaic[Swahili Example] kazi ya kipande[English Example] day labor------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kazi ya kipande[English Word] day labor[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9------------------------------------------------------------ -
47 Brown, Joseph Rogers
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 26 January 1810 Warren, Rhode Island, USAd. 23 July 1876 Isles of Shoals, New Hampshire, USA[br]American machine-tool builder and co-founder of Brown \& Sharpe.[br]Joseph Rogers Brown was the eldest son of David Brown, who was modestly established as a maker of and dealer in clocks and watches. Joseph assisted his father during school vacations and at the age of 17 left to obtain training as a machinist. In 1829 he joined his father in the manufacture of tower clocks at Pawtucket, Rhode Island, and two years later went into business for himself in Pawtucket making lathes and small tools. In 1833 he rejoined his father in Providence, Rhode Island, as a partner in the manufacture of docks, watches and surveying and mathematical instruments. David Brown retired in 1841.J.R.Brown invented and built in 1850 a linear dividing engine which was the first automatic machine for graduating rules in the United States. In 1851 he brought out the vernier calliper, the first application of a vernier scale in a workshop measuring tool. Lucian Sharpe was taken into partnership in 1853 and the firm became J.R.Brown \& Sharpe; in 1868 the firm was incorporated as the Brown \& Sharpe Manufacturing Company.In 1855 Brown invented a precision gear-cutting machine to make clock gears. The firm obtained in 1861 a contract to make Wilcox \& Gibbs sewing machines and gave up the manufacture of clocks. At about this time F.W. Howe of the Providence Tool Company arranged for Brown \& Sharpe to make a turret lathe required for the manufacture of muskets. This was basically Howe's design, but Brown added a few features, and it was the first machine tool built for sale by the Brown \& Sharpe Company. It was followed in 1862 by the universal milling machine invented by Brown initially for making twist drills. Particularly for cutting gear teeth, Brown invented in 1864 a formed milling cutter which could be sharpened without changing its profile. In 1867 the need for an instrument for checking the thickness of sheet material became apparent, and in August of that year J.R.Brown and L.Sharpe visited the Paris Exhibition and saw a micrometer calliper invented by Jean Laurent Palmer in 1848. They recognized its possibilities and with a few developments marketed it as a convenient, hand-held measuring instrument. Grinding lathes were made by Brown \& Sharpe in the early 1860s, and from 1868 a universal grinding machine was developed, with the first one being completed in 1876. The patent for this machine was granted after Brown's sudden death while on holiday.[br]Further ReadingJ.W.Roe, 1916, English and American Tool Builders, New Haven: Yale University Press; repub. 1926, New York and 1987, Bradley, Ill.: Lindsay Publications Inc. (further details of Brown \& Sharpe Company and their products).R.S.Woodbury, 1958, History of the Gear-Cutting Machine, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press ——, 1959, History of the Grinding Machine, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.——, 1960, History of the Milling Machine, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.RTS -
48 Hero of Alexandria
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Photography, film and optics, Steam and internal combustion engines[br]fl. c.62 AD Alexandria[br]Alexandrian mathematician and mechanician.[br]Nothing is known of Hero, or Heron, apart from what can be gleaned from the books he wrote. Their scope and style suggest that he was a teacher at the museum or the university of Alexandria, writing textbooks for his students. The longest book, and the one with the greatest technological interest, is Pneumatics. Some of its material is derived from the works of the earlier writers Ctesibius of Alexandria and Philo of Byzantium, but many of the devices described were invented by Hero himself. The introduction recognizes that the air is a body and demonstrates the effects of air pressure, as when air must be allowed to escape from a closed vessel before water can enter. There follow clear descriptions of a variety of mechanical contrivances depending on the effects of either air pressure or heated gases. Most of the devices seem trivial, but such toys or gadgets were popular at the time and Hero is concerned to show how they work. Inventions with a more serious purpose are a fire pump and a water organ. One celebrated gadget is a sphere that is set spinning by jets of steam—an early illustration of the reaction principle on which modern jet propulsion depends.M echanics, known only in an Arabic version, is a textbook expounding the theory and practical skills required by the architect. It deals with a variety of questions of mechanics, such as the statics of a horizontal beam resting on vertical posts, the theory of the centre of gravity and equilibrium, largely derived from Archimedes, and the five ways of applying a relatively small force to exert a much larger one: the lever, winch, pulley, wedge and screw. Practical devices described include sledges for transporting heavy loads, cranes and a screw cutter.Hero's Dioptra describes instruments used in surveying, together with an odometer or device to indicate the distance travelled by a wheeled vehicle. Catoptrics, known only in Latin, deals with the principles of mirrors, plane and curved, enunciating that the angle of incidence is equal to that of reflection. Automata describes two forms of puppet theatre, operated by strings and drums driven by a falling lead weight attached to a rope wound round an axle. Hero's mathematical work lies in the tradition of practical mathematics stretching from the Babylonians through Islam to Renaissance Europe. It is seen most clearly in his Metrica, a treatise on mensuration.Of all his works, Pneumatics was the best known and most influential. It was one of the works of Greek science and technology assimilated by the Arabs, notably Banu Musa ibn Shakir, and was transmitted to medieval Western Europe.[br]BibliographyAll Hero's works have been printed with a German translation in Heronis Alexandrini opera quae supersunt omnia, 1899–1914, 5 vols, Leipzig. The book on pneumatics has been published as The Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria, 1851, trans. and ed. Bennet Wood-croft, London (facs. repr. 1971, introd. Marie Boas Hall, London and New York).Further ReadingA.G.Drachmann, 1948, "Ktesibios, Philon and Heron: A Study in Ancient Pneumatics", Acta Hist. Sci. Nat. Med. 4, Copenhagen: Munksgaard.T.L.Heath, 1921, A History of Greek Mathematics, Oxford (still useful for his mathematical work).LRD
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