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1 dioptra
dioptra, ae, f. quart de cercle (instrument pour prendre les hauteurs ou les distances par la mesure des angles). - [gr]gr. δίοπτρα.* * *dioptra, ae, f. quart de cercle (instrument pour prendre les hauteurs ou les distances par la mesure des angles). - [gr]gr. δίοπτρα.* * *Dioptra, dioptrae, Instrumentum Geometricum. Pli. Vitruuius accipit pro regula ad librandas aquas apta. Un niveau, ou liveau. -
2 dioptra
dĭoptra, ae, f., = dioptra, an optical instrument to measure the height of places, Vitr. 8, 6;for measuring the sun's shadow,
Plin. 2, 69, 69, § 176. -
3 dioptra
dioptra, ae, f. (δίοπτρα), ein optisches Werkzeug mit Visieren, das Diopter, bes. zum Höhenmessen u. Nivellieren, Vitr. 8, 5 (6) in., od. den Sonnenschatten zu finden, Plin. 2, 176.
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4 dioptra
dioptra, ae, f. (δίοπτρα), ein optisches Werkzeug mit Visieren, das Diopter, bes. zum Höhenmessen u. Nivellieren, Vitr. 8, 5 (6) in., od. den Sonnenschatten zu finden, Plin. 2, 176. -
5 dioptra
ae f. (греч.)диоптра, инструмент для измерения высот и солнечных теней Vtr, PM -
6 dioptra
сущ.опт. диоптр -
7 dioptra
f• fyz. dioptr• fyz. průhledítko -
8 dioptra
f окуляр. -
9 Ватерпас
- dioptra; libra, libella; -
10 dioptria
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11 диоптр
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12 диоптр
м. опт.dioptra f, pínula f -
13 dioptr
f fyz. dioptraf geod. pínulaf tech. ajataba -
14 průhledítko
f fyz. dioptraf geod. pínulaf tech. ajataba -
15 dioptrija
(refrakcijas mērvienība;) fiz., n. диоптрия (Грам. инф.: Окончания: \dioptrijaии; р. мн. \dioptrijaий)LKLv59▪ Termini▪ EuroTermBank terminiDzEzru диоптрияVesru диоптрияDzEzru диоптрияETB▪ Skaidrojumilv Izcelsme - franču dioptrie \< latīņu \< sengrieķu dioptra ‘teodolīta paveids’lv Optisko sistēmu (lēcu, sfērisko spoguļu) optiskā stipruma mērvienībaJum99 -
16 Hero of Alexandria
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Photography, film and optics, Steam and internal combustion engines[br]fl. c.62 AD Alexandria[br]Alexandrian mathematician and mechanician.[br]Nothing is known of Hero, or Heron, apart from what can be gleaned from the books he wrote. Their scope and style suggest that he was a teacher at the museum or the university of Alexandria, writing textbooks for his students. The longest book, and the one with the greatest technological interest, is Pneumatics. Some of its material is derived from the works of the earlier writers Ctesibius of Alexandria and Philo of Byzantium, but many of the devices described were invented by Hero himself. The introduction recognizes that the air is a body and demonstrates the effects of air pressure, as when air must be allowed to escape from a closed vessel before water can enter. There follow clear descriptions of a variety of mechanical contrivances depending on the effects of either air pressure or heated gases. Most of the devices seem trivial, but such toys or gadgets were popular at the time and Hero is concerned to show how they work. Inventions with a more serious purpose are a fire pump and a water organ. One celebrated gadget is a sphere that is set spinning by jets of steam—an early illustration of the reaction principle on which modern jet propulsion depends.M echanics, known only in an Arabic version, is a textbook expounding the theory and practical skills required by the architect. It deals with a variety of questions of mechanics, such as the statics of a horizontal beam resting on vertical posts, the theory of the centre of gravity and equilibrium, largely derived from Archimedes, and the five ways of applying a relatively small force to exert a much larger one: the lever, winch, pulley, wedge and screw. Practical devices described include sledges for transporting heavy loads, cranes and a screw cutter.Hero's Dioptra describes instruments used in surveying, together with an odometer or device to indicate the distance travelled by a wheeled vehicle. Catoptrics, known only in Latin, deals with the principles of mirrors, plane and curved, enunciating that the angle of incidence is equal to that of reflection. Automata describes two forms of puppet theatre, operated by strings and drums driven by a falling lead weight attached to a rope wound round an axle. Hero's mathematical work lies in the tradition of practical mathematics stretching from the Babylonians through Islam to Renaissance Europe. It is seen most clearly in his Metrica, a treatise on mensuration.Of all his works, Pneumatics was the best known and most influential. It was one of the works of Greek science and technology assimilated by the Arabs, notably Banu Musa ibn Shakir, and was transmitted to medieval Western Europe.[br]BibliographyAll Hero's works have been printed with a German translation in Heronis Alexandrini opera quae supersunt omnia, 1899–1914, 5 vols, Leipzig. The book on pneumatics has been published as The Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria, 1851, trans. and ed. Bennet Wood-croft, London (facs. repr. 1971, introd. Marie Boas Hall, London and New York).Further ReadingA.G.Drachmann, 1948, "Ktesibios, Philon and Heron: A Study in Ancient Pneumatics", Acta Hist. Sci. Nat. Med. 4, Copenhagen: Munksgaard.T.L.Heath, 1921, A History of Greek Mathematics, Oxford (still useful for his mathematical work).LRD
См. также в других словарях:
Dioptra — nach der Beschreibung bei Heron von Alexandria Es handelt sich bei der Dioptra um ein universelles geodätisches Instrument, das als früher Vorgänger des Theodoliten angesehen werden kann. Die Erfindung des Theodoliten im 16. Jahrhundert war durch … Deutsch Wikipedia
dioptra — (Del lat. dioptra, y este del gr. διόπτρα, instrumento para hacer mediciones a distancia). 1. f. pínula. 2. alidada … Diccionario de la lengua española
Dioptra — (Dioptron, Dioptrion, gr.), 1) so v.w. Diopter; 2) (Med.), so v.w. Mutterspiegel … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
DIOPTRA — Graece Διόπτρα, instrumentum varii usus, ab Hipparcho exogitatum, memoratur Plin. l. 2. c. 26. Illius ope et fastigium aquae explorabant, eamqueve librabant, et propugnaculorum ac turrium altitudinem venabantur, singularumque stellarum loca atque … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
dioptra — see diopter … Useful english dictionary
Dioptra — Une dioptra est un instrument astronomique classique et un instrument d arpentage, datant du IIIe siècle. Le dioptra est un tube de visée ou, à défaut, une tige avec un œilleton à ses deux extrémités, attaché à un pied fixe. S il est muni d… … Wikipédia en Français
Dioptra — Three stages in the evolution of the dioptra, from a simple horizontal sight, to a multi angle measuring tool A dioptra (Greek: διόπτρα) is a classical astronomical and surveying instrument, dating from the 3rd century BCE. The dioptra was a … Wikipedia
dioptra — ► sustantivo femenino 1 ÓPTICA Tablilla metálica con una abertura circular o longitudinal que llevan los instrumentos ópticos y topográficos para dirigir visuales. SINÓNIMO pínula 2 Regla que forma parte de algunos instrumentos topográficos y que … Enciclopedia Universal
Dioptra — Diopter Di*op ter, ||Dioptra Di*op tra, n. [L. dioptra, fr. Gr. ?. See 2d {Dioptric}.] An optical instrument, invented by Hipparchus, for taking altitudes, leveling, etc. [1913 Webster] || … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
dioptra — sustantivo femenino alidada … Diccionario de sinónimos y antónimos
Dioptre (outil) — Dioptra Une dioptra est un instrument astronomique classique et un instrument d arpentage, datant du IIIe siècle. Le dioptra est un tube de visée ou, à défaut, une tige avec un œilleton à ses deux extrémités, attaché à un pied fixe. S il est muni … Wikipédia en Français
