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surface+plate

  • 1 χαλκός

    χαλκός, Cret. [full] καυχός GDI5011.4 (iii B. C.), ὁ:—
    A copper,

    χ. ἐρυθρός Il.9.365

    ; with reference to its polished surface, αἶθοψ, ἦνοψ, νῶροψ, φαεινός, 4.495, 16.408, 2.578, 12.151;

    Τρῶες.. χαλκῷ μαρμαίροντες 13.801

    ;

    πεδίον.. λάμπετο χαλκῷ 20.156

    ;

    τῆλε δὲ χ. λάμφ' ὥς τε στεροπή 10.153

    , cf. 11.65, 19.363;

    σάκος.. χαλκῷ παμφαῖνον 14.11

    ; and of the ornaments of a house,

    χαλκοῦ τε στεροπήν Od.4.72

    ; of copper as the first metal that men learnt to smelt and work,

    τῶν δ' ἦν χάλκεα μὲν τεύχεα, χάλκεοι δέ τε οἶκοι, χαλκῷ δ' εἰργάζοντο, μέλας δ' οὐκ ἔσκε σίδηρος Hes.Op. 151

    ; χ. ἐρυθρός (cf. supr.) Hp.Ulc.17, Thphr.Lap.57, Callix.1;

    χ. ἐρυθρὸς καὶ λευκός Thphr.Od.71

    ;

    χ. Κύπριος Posidon.52J.

    , Dsc.1.102, cf. Polyaen.3.10.14; alloyed with tin to form bronze, the usual meaning of the word in Hom. (v. infr. 11) and freq. in later writers:

    σίδηρος δὲ καὶ χ. πολέμων ὄργανα Pl.Lg. 956a

    , etc.;

    χ. κεκραμένος D.Chr.28.3

    .
    II in Poets freq. for anything made of metal, esp. of arms (hence Pi. calls it πολιός, the proper epith. of iron, P.3.48); of offensive arms, ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ, νηλέϊ χ., of a spear, a sword, Il.4.540, 3.292, al.; of a knife, 1.236, al.; of an axe, 13.180, Od.5.244, al.; of a fish-hook, Il.16.408; of defensive arms, as the plates laid on a shield, 20.275; χαλκὸν ζώννυσθαι, of a warrior girding on his armour, 23.130;

    κεκορυθμένος, αἴθοπι χ. 4.495

    ;

    ἐδύσετο νώροπα χ. 2.578

    ; of both combined, πλάγχθη δ' ἀπὸ χαλκόφι χαλκός the spear of bronze glanced off the helm of bronze, 11.351.
    2 of vessels, copper, cauldron, urn, 18.349, Od.8.426; of a cinerary urn, S.El. 758; collectively of bronze plate, χ. μυρίος, Pi.N.10.45;

    θάλαμον.., ὅθι νητὸς χρυσὸς καὶ χ. ἔκειτο Od. 2.338

    , cf.13.19,21.10,62, Il.2.226; used in payment of ransom, 22.50, cf. 340, Od.5.38.
    3 of a bronze mirror, A.Fr. 393, Call.Lav.Pall.21, Ap6.210 (Philet.); used as a burning-glass, Thphr.Ign.73.
    4 collectively, copper money, IPE12.24.15 (Olbia, iv B. C.), Ev.Matt. 10.9, Ev.Marc.12.41, cf.

    ἰσόνομος 11

    ; generally, money, opp. κύαμοι, IG14.423 ii 21 ([place name] Tauromenium), cf. BGU822.12 (iii A. D.), etc.; χαλκοῦ σπάνις MenMon.156;

    χαλκὸν ἔχων πῶς οὐδὲν ἔχεις μάθε AP 11.167

     (Pollian.).
    5 = χάλκωμα, bronze plate or tablet,

    τὰν προξενίαν γράψαντας εἰς χαλκὸν ἀνθέμεν IG9(1).682

     (Corcyra, iv B. C.); οὐετρανοὶ οἱ χωρὶς χαλκῶν, who have not received bronze copies of the privileges granted on discharge, BGU113.5 (ii A. D.), etc.
    6 a weight, 1/8 obol, Gal.19.752.
    III χαλκοῦ ἄνθος, particles thrown off by copper when cooling, Hp.Mul.1.104, Ph.Bel.102.34, Dsc.5.77.
    b χαλκοῦ λεπίς, small pieces that scale off under the hammer, ib.78. (Perh. cf. Lith. geležìs 'iron'.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χαλκός

  • 2 ἀσπίς

    ἀσπίς, ίδος: shield.— (1) the larger, oval shield, termed ἀμφιβρότη, ποδηνεκής. It is more than 2 ft. broad, 4 1/2 ft. high, and weighed about 40 lbs. (For Agamemnon's shield, see Il. 11.32-40). The large shield was held over the left shoulder, sustained by the τελαμών and by the πόρπαξ, or ring on the inside.— (2) the smaller, circular shield, πάντοσ' ἐίση (see cut), with only two handles, or with one central handle for the arm and several for the hand (see cut No. 12). It was of about half the size and weight of the larger ἀσπίς, cf. the description of Sarpēdon's shield, Il. 12.294 ff. The shield consisted generally of from 4 to 7 layers of ox-hide ( ῥῖνοί, Il. 13.804); these were covered by a plate of metal, and the whole was firmly united by rivets, which projected on the outer, convex side. The head of the central rivet, larger than the rest, was the ὀμφαλός or boss, and was usually fashioned into the form of a head. Instead of the plate above mentioned, concentric metal rings (δινωτής, εὔκυκλος) were sometimes substituted. The rim was called ἄντυξ, and the convex surface of the shield bore some device analogous to an heraldic coat of arms, Il. 5.182, Il. 11.36, cf. Il. 5.739. The shield of Achilles (Il. 18.478-608), in describing which the poet naturally did not choose to confine himself to realities, does not correspond exactly to either of the two ἀσπίδες described above.

    A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ἀσπίς

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