supporters

παραπομπ-ή, ἡ,

A convoying, σίτου Decr. ap. D.18.73 ; ἡ κατὰ θάλασσαν π. Onos.6.14.

2 escort, convoy,

π. δώσειν Arist. Oec. 1351b24

; πέμψαι, ἐξαποστέλλειν, Plb.30.9.13, 15.5.7 ;

παραπομπῆς τυχεῖν D.S.20.45

, cf. PSI5.446.12 (ii A. D.) : pl.,

παραπομπαὶ ὄχλων Ph.1.592

; of a funeral procession,

π. καὶ κηδεία IG12(7).239.32

([place name] Amorgos) ; of athletes, being escorted by a body of supporters, Charito 6.2.

II transport, conveyance, αἱ τῶν καρπῶν π., whether by importation or exportation, Arist.Pol. 1327a8 ; ἑκάστης ἡμέρας π. ἐγίγνοντο supplies were introduced, X.HG7.2.23 ;

π. ποιεῖν τῶν ἰχθύων Antiph.190.15

; παραπέμψαι τὴν π. X.HG7.2.18 ; συμπαραπέμπειν τὴν εἰς Φλιοῦντα π. Aeschin.2.168.

2 production, ἡ ἔξω π. bringing forth the statue from the mould, Ph.2.318.

περίκειμαι, inf. - κεῖσθαι: [tense] fut. - κείσομαι: —used as [voice] Pass. of περιτίθημι,

A lie round about, c. dat., εὗρε σὲ Πατρόκλῳ περικείμενον ὃν φίλον νἱόν lying with his arms round him, Il.19.4 ; [ γωρυτὸς τόξῳ] περίκειτο] there was a case round the bow, Od.21.54 ; πασσάλοις (acc. pl.)

κρύπτοισιν περικείμεναι.. κνάμισες Alc.15

; οἷς στέφανος περίκειται Pi.O.8.76 ; τὸ σχῆμα καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς βασιλείας τινὶ π. Hdn.6.1.1 ;

π. τινὶ τῶν πράξεων κηλίς Plu. Dio 56

: c. acc.,

σφέας εὐσίη καὶ γαληναίη περικέαται Luc. Astr.3

: with a Prep.,

περὶ [τὰς φλέβας] τὸ σῶμα π. τὸ τῶν σαρκῶν Arist. GA 764b30

: abs., τὰ περικείμενα χρυσία plates of gold laid on (an ivory statue), Th.2.13 ; [ ὁ κημὸς] περικείμενος put round the horse's mouth, X.Eq.5.3.

2 metaph., οὐδέ τί μοι περίκειται there is no advantage for me, I have nought laid by, Il.9.321.

b οἱ περικείμενοί τινι his supporters, POxy.1408.24 (iii A. D.).

II c. acc. rei, have round one, wear, mostly in part., [

τελαμῶνας] περὶ τοῖσι αὐχέσι περικείμενοι Hdt. 1.171

, cf. OGI56.67 (Canopus, iii B.C.) ; τιάρας π. Str.15.3.15 ;

στεφάνους Plu.Arat.17

;

πτέρυγα Luc.Icar.14

;

προσωπεῖον Id.Nigr.11

, Aesop.360 ; στρατιωτικὴν δύναμιν π invested with.., Plu.Pomp.51 ; ὕβριν π. clad in arrogance, Theoc.23.14 (s. v.l.): rarely in other moods, περίκεισο ἄνθεα have garlands put round thee, AP11.38 (Polem.) ; περιέκειτο ξίφος, σχῆμα βασιλικόν, Hdn.3.5.7, 5.4.7 ;

τὴν ἅλυσιν ταύτην περίκειμαι Act.Ap.28.20

;

περίκειται ἀσθένειαν Ep.Hebr. 5.2

.

καθεύδω impf. ἐκάθευδον (Hom.+; SIG 1004, 44; BGU 1141, 32; PSI 94, 17; LXX; TestSol 13:3; Test12Patr; JosAs; Philo; Jos., Vi. 248; Just., D. 127, 2) impf. ἐκάθευδον.

① to cease being awake, to sleep, lit. Mt 8:24; 13:25; 25:5; 26:40, 43, 45; Mk 4:27, 38; 13:36; 14:37, 40f; Lk 22:46; 1 Th 5:7. The mng. is in doubt in Mt 9:24; Mk 5:39 (RKer, ET 65, ’53/54, 315f); Lk 8:52; in these pass. mng. 3 has won supporters.

② to be spiritually indolent, be indifferent, fig. ext. of 1 (cp. X., An. 1, 3, 11; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 19, 2 of dull indifference) 1 Th 5:6.—The word is also used fig. in the quot. fr. an unknown hymn: ἔγειρε ὁ καθεύδων awake, O sleeper! Eph 5:14.

③ to be dead, sleep, fig. ext. of 1 (Ps 87:6; Da 12:2), a euphemistic expression (far more common in this sense is κοιμάω, q.v. 2; on the subject s. BLier, Topica carminum sepulcralium latinorum: Philol 62, 1903, 445–77, 563–603; 63, 1904, 54–65; MOgle, The Sleep of Death: MAAR 11, ’33, 81–117; RLattimore, Themes in Greek and Latin Epitaphs ’62; cp. εὕδειν Il. 14, 482; Soph., O.C. 621; Pind. Fgm. 116, 3f [OxfT]; s. Schmidt, Syn. I 488f) and so, accord. to most scholars, 1 Th 5:10 (THoward, Grace Theological Journal 6, ’85, 337–48; but MLautenschlager, ZNW 80, ’89, 39–59, in sense 2); also s. Mt 9:24; Mk 5:39; Lk 8:52 in 1 above.—B. 269. DELG s.v. εὕδω. M-M. TW.

πταίω 1 aor. ἔπταισα; pf. ἔπταικα LXX; aor. pass. ptc. masc. acc. πταισθέντα (Papias v.l.) (Pind. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestJob 38:1; ApcSed 1:1; EpArist, Philo, Joseph.; trans. only the Catena on Mt 27:11 [JCramer I 231] in ref. to Papias [3:2] ὑπὸ τῆς ἁμάξης πταισθέντα struck by the cart) in our lit. only intr.

① to lose one’s footing, stumble, trip (X., An. 4, 2, 3 πρὸς τὰς πέτρας; Polyb. 31, 11, 5 πρὸς τὸν λίθον; Jos., Bell. 6, 64 πρὸς πέτρᾳ), in imagery (as Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.) in which the lit. sense is clearly discernible. Abs. (Maximus Tyr. 34, 2e) μὴ ἔπταισαν ἵνα πέσωσιν; they did not stumble so as to fall into ruin, did they? Ro 11:11. The ‘stumbling’ means to make a mistake, go astray, sin (Pla., Theaet. 160d al.; abs. Arrian, Anab. 4, 9, 6; M. Ant. 7, 22 ἴδιον ἀνθρώπου φιλεῖν καὶ τοὺς πταίοντας; POxy 1165, 11 εἴτε ἔπταισαν εἴτε οὐκ ἔπταισαν=‘whether they have committed an error or not’; Dt 7:25; TestJob 38:1; ApcSed 1:1; EpArist 239; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 66) πολλὰ πταίομεν we commit many sins Js 3:2a (ApcSed 1:1); πτ. ἐν ἑνί sin in one respect (only) 2:10. ἐν λόγῳ in what one says 3:2b.

② to experience disaster, be ruined, be lost (Hdt. 9, 101; Aristot., Rhet. 3 al.; Diod S 15, 33, 1 et al.; Philo, De Jos. 144; Jos., Ant. 7, 75; 14, 434) of the loss of salvation 2 Pt 1:10: the aor., as in reff. cited above, provides the semantic component of climactic disaster. But mng. 1 also has supporters.—DELG. M-M. TW.

ἀνάστασις, εως, ἡ (s. ἀνίστημι; Aeschyl., Hdt.+ in var. mngs.).

① a change for the better in status, rising up, rise (La 3:63; Zech 3:8; Jos., Ant. 17, 212; 18, 301 [here of the ‘erection’ of a statue]) κεῖται εἰς πτῶσιν καὶ ἀ. πολλῶν he is destined for the fall and rise of many of Jesus Lk 2:34, i.e. because of him many will fall and others will rise, viz. in relation to God (for contrast w. πτῶσις cp. Evagrius Pont., Sent. 5, 19 p. 327 Frankenberg: ἡ μικρὰ τ. σώματος ἀνάστασίς ἐστιν ἡ μετάθεσις αὐτοῦ ἐκ πτώσεως τ. ἀσελγείας εἰς τὴν τ. ἁγιασμοῦ ἀνάστασιν).—Esp.

② resurrection from the dead, resurrection (Aeschyl., Eum. 648 ἅπαξ θανόντος οὔτις ἐστʼ ἀ. [cp. Job 7:9f; 16:22]; Ps.-Lucian, De Salt. 45; Ael. Aristid. 32, 25 K.=12 p. 142 D.; 46 p. 300 D.; IGR IV 743, 25 [ο]ἱ δὴ δ[είλ]αιοι πάντ[ες] εἰς ἀ[νά]στασιν|[----][the stone breaks off after ἀ. and some think that βλέποντες or the like is to be supplied]; 2 Macc 7:14; 12:43), and so

ⓐ in the past: of Jesus’ res. (Orig., C. Cels. 5, 57, 25) Ac 1:22; 2:31; 4:33; Ro 6:5; Phil 3:10 (JFitzmyer, BRigaux Festschr., ’70, 411–25); 1 Pt 3:21; 1 Cl 42:3; ISm 3:1, 3; in more detail ἀ. ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 Pt 1:3; ἀ. νεκρῶν res. from the dead Ro 1:4; w. the passion of Jesus IEph 20:1; Mg 11; Tr ins; Phld ins; 8:2; 9:2; Sm 7:2; 12:2; cp. 1:2. τὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ τὴν ἀ. εὐαγγελίζεσθαι proclaim Jesus and the res. i.e. his res., and in consequence, the possibility of a general res. Ac 17:18 (but s. 3 below. τὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ τὴν ἀνάστασιν could also mean ‘the res. of Jesus’, as perh. Nicol Dam.: 90 Fgm. 130, 18 p. 400, 17 Jac. μνήμη τἀνδρὸς καὶ φιλοστοργίας=‘… the love of the man’); cp. vs. 32 and 4:2. Of the raisings from the dead by Elijah and Elisha ἔλαβον γυναῖκες ἐξ ἀ. τοὺς νεκροὺς αὐτῶν women (i.e. the widow of Zarephath and the Shunammite woman 3 Km 17:23; 4 Km 4:36) received their dead by res. Hb 11:35.

ⓑ of the future res. (Theoph. Ant. 1, 13 [p. 86, 25]), linked with Judgment Day: described as ἀ. νεκρῶν (Did., Gen. 96, 13) Mt 22:31; Ac 23:6; 24:15, 21; 26:23; 1 Cor 15:12f; 21; 42; Hb 6:2; D 16:6; or ἀ. ἐκ νεκρῶν Lk 20:35; B 5:6; AcPlCor 2:35 (cp. Ar. 15, 3; Just., D. 45, 2); cp. IPol 7:1; Pol 7:1; MPol 14:2. ἀ. σαρκός (not found in the NT) AcPlCor 1:12; 2:24 (Just., D. 80, 5; σωμάτων Tat. 6, 1; Ath., R. 11 p. 59, 14). Of Jesus: τὴν ἀ. ποιεῖν bring about the res. (of the dead) B 5:7. Jesus’ Passion as our res. ISm 5:3. ἀθάνατος τῆς ἀ. καρπός 2 Cl 19:3. Described as ἀ. κρείττων Hb 11:35 in contrast w. the res. of the past, because the latter was, after all, followed by death. ἡ μέλλουσα ἀ. (Theoph. Ant. 2, 15 [p. 138, 17]) the future res. 1 Cl 24:1. ἡ κατὰ καιρὸν γινομένη ἀ. the res. that comes at regular intervals (i.e. seasons, day and night), as a type of the future res. 24:2.—More details in J, who mentions an ἀ. ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ on the Last Day J 11:24 and differentiates betw. the ἀ. κρίσεως res. for judgment for the wicked and the ἀ. ζωῆς res. to life for those who do good 5:29. Christ calls himself ἡ ἀ. and ἡ ζωή 11:25, since he mediates both to humans.—Paul seeks to demonstrate the validity of belief in Jesus’ res. in terms of the res. of the dead in general 1 Cor 15:12ff (s. MDahl, The Res. of the Body. A Study of 1 Cor 15, ’62 and s. τάγμα 1b). γνῶναι … τὴν δύναμιν τῆς ἀ. αὐτου Phil 3:10.—Lk 14:14 mentions only a res. of the just, as in some intertestamental belief; likew. B 21:1. Hebraistically υἱοὶ τῆς ἀ. (w. υἱοὶ θεοῦ) children of the res.=sharers in the resurrection Lk 20:36. A second res. is presupposed by the ἀ. ἡ πρώτη of Rv 20:5f. Denial of res. by the Sadducees Mt 22:23, 28, 30f; Mk 12:18, 23; Lk 20:27, 33, 35f (on this see Schürer II 391; 411); by the Epicureans Ac 17:18 (ERohde, Psyche³ 1903 II 331–35; cp. the ins 2 above, beg.); and by Christians 1 Cor 15:12 (prob. in the sense of Just., D. 80, 4 λέγουσι μὴ εἶναι νεκρῶν ἀνάστασιν, ἀλλʼ ἅμα τῷ ἀποθνῄσκειν τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν ἀναλαμβάνεσθαι εἰς τ. οὐρανόν ‘they say there is no resurrection of the dead, but that at the time of death their souls are taken up into heaven’; s. JWilson, ZNW 59, ’68, 90–107); 2 Ti 2:18 (cp. Menander in Iren. 1, 23, 5 [Harv. I 195] resurrectionem enim per id quod est in eum baptisma, accipere eius discipulos, et ultra non posse mori, sed perseverare non senescentes et immortales [Menander teaches that] ‘his followers receive resurrection by being baptized into him, and that they face death no more, but live on without growing old, exempt from death’; cp. Just., A I, 26, 4; Valentinus in Clem. of Alex., Str. 4, 13, 91; Tertull., Carn. Resurr. 25 agnitio sacramenti [=ἡ τοῦ μυστηρίου γνῶσις] resurrectio).—FNötscher, Altoriental. u. atl. Auferstehungsglaube 1926; JLeipoldt, Sterbende u. auferstehende Götter 1923; Cumont³ ’31; ANikolainen, D. Auferstehungsglauben in d. Bibel u. in ihrer Umwelt. I Relgesch. Teil ’44. II NT ’46.—WBousset, Rel.³, 1926, 269–74 al.; Billerb. IV 1928, 1166–98.—AMeyer, D. Auferstehung Christi 1905; KLake, The Historical Evidence of Res. of Jesus Christ 1907; LBrun, D. Auferst. Christi in d. urchr. Überl. 1925; PGardner-Smith, The Narratives of the Resurrection 1926; SMcCasland, The Res. of Jesus ’32; MGoguel, La foi à la résurr. de Jésus dans le Christianisme primitif ’33; EFascher, ZNW 26, 1927, 1–26; EFuchs, ZKG 51, ’32, 1–20; AThomson, Did Jesus Rise from the Dead? ’40; EHirsch, D. Auferstehungsgeschichten u. d. chr. Glaube ’40; PAlthaus, D. Wahrheit des kirchl. Osterglaubens² ’41; WMichaelis, D. Erscheinungen des Auferstandenen ’44; ARamsey, The Res. of Christ ’45; JLeipoldt, Zu den Auferstehungsgeschichten: TLZ 73, ’48, 737–42 (rel.-Hist.); KRengstorf, Die Auferstehung Jesu² ’54; GKoch, Die Auferstehung J. Christi ’59; HGrass, Ostergeschehen u. Osterberichte ’56; ELohse, Die Auferstehung J. Chr. im Zeugnis des Lk ’61; HvCampenhausen, Tradition and Life in the Early Church, ’68, 42–89; WCraig, Assessing the NT Evidence for the Historicity of the Resurrection of Jesus ’89; GLüdemann, Die Auferstehung Jesu ’94. S. also τάφος 1.—KDeissner, Auferstehungshoffnung u. Pneumagedanke b. Pls 1912; GVos, The Pauline Doctrine of the Res.: PTR 27, 1929, 1–35; 193–226; FGuntermann, D. Eschatologie d. hl. Pls ’32; HMolitor, Die Auferstehung d. Christen und Nichtchristen nach d. Ap. Pls ’33; LSimeone, Resurrectionis iustorum doctr. in Ep. S. Pauli ’38; DStanley, Christ’s Resurrection in Pauline Soteriology ’61; CMoule, NTS 12, ’65/66, 106–23; MdeBoer, The Defeat of Death ’88; JHolleman, A Traditio-Historical Study of Paul’s Eschatology in 1 Cor 15 (NovT Suppl. 84), ’96.—RGrant, Miracle and Nat. Law ’52, 221–63. JBuitkamp, Auferstehungsglaube in den Qumrantexten, diss. Groningen ’64; GWild, Auferstehungsglaube des späten Israel, diss. Bonn. ’67; W. Pannenberg, Grundzüge der Christologie⁶ ’82, 74ff.

③ a deity within a polytheistic system, Resurrection Ac 17:18. This interpr., first set forth by Chrysostom (Hom. in Act. 38, 1), has found modern supporters (s. Haenchen ad loc.). The semantic issue arises from the fact that the narrative presents the auditors as theologically ignorant. Their assumption is that Paul seemed to be a proclaimer of ‘new divinities’ (vs. 18a). From their perspective the term ἀ. suggests a divinity named Resurrection (abstractions identified as divinities were not uncommon in the Gr-Rom. world, s. EA 19 ’92, 71–73). But the omniscient author informs the reader that bodily resurrection (as in 2 above) is meant.—DELG s.v. ἵστημι. M-M. TW. Sv.