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81 борьба за существование
1) General subject: the battle of life, the scramble for a living, the struggle for existence, the struggle for survival, struggle for existence, fight for existence2) Military: battle for survival3) Economy: struggle structure for existence4) Ecology: competition, life competition, struggle for life, vital contest5) Makarov: the struggle for lifeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > борьба за существование
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82 борба
1. fight, ( класова) struggle; contest(изборна) campaignборба на стихиите a war of the elementsборба за съществуване биол. a struggle for existence/lifeборба срещу вредните насекоми insect pest controlборба докрай ам. a finish fightборба на живот и смърт a life and death strugglewage a struggle/a fight against s.o.борба за a struggle/fight for; a struggle to (c inf.)3. сп. wrestling; wrestling boutборба класически стил Graeco-Roman styleборба свободен стил all-in-wrestling, free-style wrestlingхватка при борба holdборба с бикове bullfight* * *борба̀,ж., -ѝ 1. fight, ( класова) struggle; contest; ( изборна) campaign; \борбаа докрай амер. finish fight; \борбаа на живот и смърт life and death struggle; \борбаа на стихиите war of the elements; \борбаа с вредните насекоми insect pest control; \борбаа с престъпността crime control; водя \борбаа с някого struggle against s.o.; fight s.o.; wage a struggle/a fight against s.o.; енергична \борбаа със/срещу clamp-/crack-down on; повеждам енергична \борбаа с/срещу clamp/crack down on; решавам с \борбаа fight it out; честна \борбаа fair play;2. прен. combating (of), drive (against); \борбаа за struggle/fight for; struggle to (c inf.); на \борбаа за on with the fight for;3. спорт. wrestling; wrestling bout; \борбаа класически стил Graeco-Roman style; \борбаа с бикове bullfight; \борбаа свободен стил all-in-wrestling, free-style wrestling; (кеч) свободна \борбаа catch-as-catch-can; хватка при \борбаа hold.* * *battle; belligerence; contest{kxn`test}; fight: A борба between two dogs. - Борба между две кучета.; fighting; борба against difficulties - борба срещу трудностите; war; warfare* * *1. (изборна) campaign 2. fight, (класова) struggle;contest 3. wage a struggle/a fight against s. о. 4. БОРБА докрай ам. a finish fight 5. БОРБА за a struggle/fight for;a struggle to (c inf.) 6. БОРБА за съществуване биол. a struggle for existence/life 7. БОРБА класически стил Graeco-Roman style 8. БОРБА на живот и смърт а life and death struggle 9. БОРБА на стихиите a war of the elements 10. БОРБА с бикове bullfight 11. БОРБА свободен стил all-in-wrestling, free-style wrestling 12. БОРБА срещу вредните насекоми insect pest control 13. водя БОРБА be on/go (out) on the war-path 14. водя БОРБА с някого struggle against s. o.;fight s. o. 15. на БОРБА за on with the fight for 16. прен. combating (of), drive (against) 17. решавам c БОРБА fight it out 18. сn. wrestling;wrestling bout 19. свободна БОРБА (кеч) catch-as-catch-can 20. хватка при БОРБА hold 21. честна БОРБА fair play -
83 Existenzkampf
m struggle for survival* * *Exis|tẹnz|kampfmstruggle for survival* * *Exis·tenz·kampfm struggle for survival* * *der struggle for existence* * *Existenzkampf m struggle for survival* * *der struggle for existence* * *m.struggle for existence n. -
84 kamp
sg - kampen, pl - kampe1) борьба́ ж; би́тва ж2) спорт. состяза́ние с, матч м* * *battle, combat, conflict, fight, game, match, play, scramble, scrimmage, struggle, tie* * *(en -e)(også fig) fight,( hård, langvarig) struggle ( fx the fight (, struggle) for freedom (, against poverty); the struggle for existence (, power)),(fig også) battle ( fx the battle for promotion (, first place); the daily battle (el. struggle) to make ends meet);( det at kæmpe, også mil.) fighting ( fx there was fighting in the streets);(mil. også) action ( fx clear the decks for action; killed in action), combat ( fx armed combat; combat patrol, combat zone);( enkelt kamp, mil.) action,( sportskamp) match ( fx a football (, tennis) match),( privat) game ( fx let's have a game of football);[ kampen for tilværelsen] the struggle for life (el. existence);[ føre en håbløs kamp] fight a losing battle;[ hårde kampe](mil.) heavy fighting;[ indre kamp] inward struggle;[ kamp på liv og død] life-and-death struggle;[ tage kampen op] give battle ( fx they stopped in their flight and gave battle); show fight;[ tage kampen op med dem] make a stand against them;[ overgive sig uden kamp] surrender without a fight (, without fighting, without offering resistance). -
85 lutte
lutte [lyt]1. feminine nouna. ( = combat) struggleb. ( = sport) wrestling2. compounds* * *lyt1) ( opposition entre personnes) conflict; ( plus pénible) struggle2) ( action énergique) fight; ( plus pénible) struggleêtre en lutte — to be fighting ou struggling
de haute lutte — fml [gagner, obtenir] after a hard-fought struggle
•Phrasal Verbs:* * *lyt nf1) (= combat) struggle2) SPORT* * *lutte nf1 ( opposition entre personnes) conflict (avec with; contre with); ( plus pénible) struggle; lutte sociale/religieuse/politique social/religious/political conflict; lutte d'influence power struggle; être en lutte contre or avec qn to be in conflict with sb; se livrer à une lutte sans merci contre qn to engage in a ruthless battle against sb;2 ( action énergique) fight (pour for; contre against); ( plus pénible) struggle; la lutte contre le cancer the fight against cancer; lutte antiterroriste/antipollution/antichômage fight against terrorism/pollution/unemployment; lutte contre le racisme fight against racism; être en lutte to be fighting ou struggling (pour for; contre against); de haute lutte fml [gagner, obtenir qch] after a hard-fought struggle;3 ( antagonisme entre forces) conflict, struggle; la lutte entre le bien et le mal the struggle between good and evil;4 ⇒ Les jeux et les sports Sport wrestling; prise de lutte wrestling hold; faire de la lutte to wrestle.lutte armée armed conflict; lutte biologique biological control; lutte de classes class war; lutte d'intérêts conflict of interest; lutte libre all-in wrestling; lutte pour la vie struggle for existence.[lyt] nom fémininla lutte pour l'indépendance/pour la liberté the struggle for independence/for freedom3. [efforts - contre un mal] fight4. [résistance] strugglela lutte d'un malade contre la mort a sick person's struggle for life ou battle against death5. [antagonisme] fight7. BIOLOGIElutte libre/gréco-romaine all-in/Graeco-Roman wrestlingde haute lutte locution adverbialeconquérir ou emporter quelque chose de haute lutte to obtain something after a hard fight————————en lutte locution adjectivale -
86 борьба
ж.1) (конфликт, столкновение) struggle, conflict; strifeо́страя / ожесточённая борьба́ — bitter / fierce / violent struggle
борьба́ противополо́жностей филос. — struggle / conflict of opposites
кла́ссовая борьба́ полит. — the class struggle
фракцио́нная борьба́ полит. — factional strife / struggle
2) (с тв., про́тив рд.; преодоление противника) struggle (with, against); ( схватка) fight (with, against)вести́ борьбу (с тв.) — struggle (with, against); wage [carry on] a struggle (with, against)
3) (с тв.; подавление чего-л нежелательного) struggle (with, against); effort to combat / reduce (d); war (on); тех. controlборьба́ с бе́дностью — struggle against [war on] poverty
борьба́ с недоста́тками — drive / effort to correct one's shortcomings
борьба́ с авари́йностью — effort to bring down the accident rate
борьба́ с вреди́телями с.-х. — pest control
борьба́ с загрязне́нием (окружа́ющей среды́) — pollution control
борьба́ с обледене́нием — ice control, deicing
борьба́ с пожа́рами — fire-fighting
борьба́ с шу́мом — noise control
4) (за вн.; попытка добиться чего-л) struggle (for); ( состязание) contest (for)борьба́ за справедли́вость — struggle for justice
конкуре́нтная борьба́ — competition
5) спорт wrestlingкласси́ческая борьба́ — Graeco-Roman wrestling
во́льная борьба́ — freestyle wrestling
борьба́ рука́ми — arm / Indian wrestling
••борьба́ за существова́ние биол. — struggle for existence
борьба́ не на жизнь, а на́ смерть — a life-and-death struggle
душе́вная борьба́ — emotional conflict
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87 бороться
1. scramble2. struggle for existance3. tilt against4. combatборется с безработицей — combat unemployment (refl.)
5. struggledборьба за существование; бороться; биться; делать усилия — struggle for existance
6. struggles7. struggling8. wrestle9. wrestling10. fight; struggle for; wrestleбороться за; борьба — fight for
11. battleбороться с ветром, идти против ветра — to battle against the wind
12. contend13. struggle14. tussleСинонимический ряд:1. биться (глаг.) биться; вести борьбу; воевать; драться; противоборствовать; ратовать; сражаться2. защищать (глаг.) защищать; отражать нападки; отстаивать; стоять горой; стоять грудью -
88 борьба
жен.
1) struggle, fight борьба с кем-л. ≈ fight/struggle against smb. борьба на два фронта ≈ fight on two fronts борьба с пожарами ≈ fire-fighting борьба с вредителями ≈ pest control, combating agricultural pests борьба за существование ≈ struggle for existence душевная борьба ≈ mental strife
2) спорт wrestling классическая борьба вольная борьба японская борьбаж.
1. struggle;
~ за свободу и независимость struggle for freedom and independence;
~ за мир fight/struggle for peace;
~ с эпидемическими заболеваниями control of epidemics;
~ нового со старым struggle of the new against the old;
~ противоположностей conflict of opposities;
2. спорт. wrestling;
классическая ~ Graeco-Roman (wrestling) ;
вольная ~ catch-as-catch-can, free style( wrestling). -
89 Daseinskampf
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90 Kampf
den \Kampf aufnehmen to go into battle;im \Kampf fallen to fall in battle, to be killed in action;zum \Kampf kommen a fight breaks out, clashes occur;in den \Kampf [gegen jdn/etw] ziehen to take up arms [against sb/sth];( eine Herausforderung annehmen) to accept a challenge2) sport fight;den \Kampf abbrechen to stop the fight;einen \Kampf kämpfen to put up a fight3) ( Auseinandersetzung) fight;( innere Auseinandersetzung) struggle;innere Kämpfe inner struggles;der \Kampf der Geschlechter the battle of the sexes;ein \Kampf auf Leben und Tod a life and death struggle4) ( das Ringen)der \Kampf ums Dasein the struggle for existence;den \Kampf aufgeben to give up the struggleWENDUNGEN:jdm/einer S. den \Kampf ansagen to declare war on sb/sth; -
91 Existenzkampf
m1. striving for existence2. struggle for existence3. struggle for survival -
92 byt
* * *mi1. (= istnienie) existence; byt człowieka human existence; zagadka bytu riddle of existence; walka o byt struggle for existence; racja bytu raison-d'être, purpose.2. (= warunki życia) living conditions; polepszyć sobie byt improve one's lot (in life); zapewnić komuś byt provide for sb.3. fil. being; (= obiekt istniejący) entity.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > byt
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93 борьба
ж.1. struggle, fightборьба с кем-л. — fight / struggle against smb.
борьба с пожарами — fire-fighting; ( профилактические мероприятия) fire-prevention
борьба с вредителями сельского хозяйства — pest control, combating agricultural pests
борьба не на живот, а на смерть — a life and death struggle
борьба противоположностей филос. — struggle / conflict of opposites
2. спорт. wrestling -
94 послеземное существование
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > послеземное существование
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95 предземное существование
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > предземное существование
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96 מלחמת הקיום
the struggle for existence, the struggle for survival -
97 борьба
fighting, struggle, wrestle, contest; controlборьба шеями - eth neck-fighting, necking, neck-wrestlingРусско-английский словарь по этологии (поведению животных) > борьба
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98 Insight
In October 1838 that is, fifteen months after I had begun my systematic enquiry, I happened to read for amusement "Malthus on Population," and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on from long-continued observation of the habits of animals and plants, it at once struck me that under these circumstances favorable variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavorable ones to be destroyed. (Darwin, 1911, p. 68)The insight of the chimpanzee shows itself to be principally determined by his optical apprehension of the situation. (KoЁhler, 1925, p. 267)Then I turned my attention to the study of some arithmetical questions apparently without much success and without a suspicion of any connection with my preceding researches. Disgusted with my failure, I went to spend a few days at the seaside, and thought of something else. One morning, walking on the bluff, the idea came to me, with just the same characteristics of brevity, suddenness and immediate certainty, that the arithmetic transformations of indeterminate ternary quadratic forms were identical with those of non-Euclidean geometry. (Poincareґ, 1929, p. 388)The direct awareness of determination... may also be called insight. When I once used this expression in a description of the intelligent behavior of apes, an unfortunate misunderstanding was, it seems, not entirely prevented.... Apparently, some readers interpreted this formulation as though it referred to a mysterious mental agent or faculty which was made responsible for the apes' behavior. Actually, nothing of this sort was intended... the concept is used in a strictly descriptive fashion. (KoЁhler, 1947, pp. 341-342)The task must be neither so easy that the animal solves the problem at once, thus not allowing one to analyze the solution; nor so hard that the animal fails to solve it except by rote learning in a long series of trials. With a problem of such borderline difficulty, the solution may appear out of a blue sky. There is a period first of fruitless effort in one direction, or perhaps a series of attempted solutions. Then suddenly there is a complete change in the direction of effort, and a cleancut solution of the task. This then is the first criterion of the occurrence of insight. The behavior cannot be described as a gradual accretion of learning; it is evident that something has happened in the animal at the moment of solution. (What happens is another matter.) (Hebb, 1949, p. 160)If the subject had not spontaneously solved the problem [of how to catch hold at the same time of two strings hung from the ceiling so wide apart that he or she could only get hold of one at a time, when the only available tool was a pair of pliers, by tying the pliers to one string and setting it into pendular motion] within ten minutes, Maier supplied him with a hint; he would "accidentally" brush against one of the strings, causing it to swing gently. Of those who solved the problem after this hint, the average interval between hint and solution was only forty-two seconds.... Most of those subjects who solved the problem immediately after the hint did so without any realization that they had been given one. The "idea" of making a pendulum with pliers seemed to arise spontaneously. (Osgood, 1960, p. 633)There seems to be very little reason to believe that solutions to novel problems come about in flashes of insight, independently of past experience.... People create solutions to new problems by starting with what they know and later modifying it to meet the specific problem at hand. (Weisberg, 1986, p. 50)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Insight
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99 tilværelsen
(kampen for tilværelsen) the struggle for existence -
100 predator
ˈpredətə сущ. хищник тж. перен. The struggle for existence between predators and their prey. ≈ Борьба за существование между хищниками и их жертвами. (биология) хищник predator грабитель ~ хищник (тж. перен.) ~ хищникБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > predator
См. также в других словарях:
struggle for existence — struggle for existence. См. борьба за существование. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) … Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.
struggle for existence — the automatic competition of the members of a natural population for a limited supply of vital necessities resulting in elimination of inadequately adapted individuals and hence in selection of the better adapted as breeding stock compare natural … Useful english dictionary
struggle for existence — kova dėl būvio statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Vienas svarbiausių evoliucijos veiksnių – įvairiapusiai individų, populiacijų, rūšių ir jų ir abiotinės aplinkos ryšiai. atitikmenys: angl. biological struggle for life;… … Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
struggle for existence — Date: 1832 the automatic competition of members of a natural population for limited vital resources (as food, space, or light) that results in natural selection … New Collegiate Dictionary
struggle for existence — fight for life and death, fight that determines one s continuity … English contemporary dictionary
struggle for existence — strug′gle for exist′ence n. bio the competition in nature among organisms of a population to maintain themselves in a given environment and to survive to reproduce others of their kind • Etymology: 1832 … From formal English to slang
the struggle for existence — (or life) the competition between organisms, esp. as an element in natural selection, or between people seeking a livelihood … Useful english dictionary
Struggle for existence. — См. Борьба за существование … Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)
struggle for existence — the competition in nature among organisms of a population to maintain themselves in a given environment and to survive to reproduce others of their kind. [1820 30] * * * … Universalium
struggle for life — struggle for existence or struggle for life, Biology. the competition between living animals or plants for survival; natural selection. Often, the circumstances helping one form survive cause another to die out … Useful english dictionary
STRUGGLE FOR LIFE — (англ.) борьба за жизнь; struggle for existence (англ.) борьба за существование; см. Дарвинизм. Философский энциклопедический словарь. 2010 … Философская энциклопедия