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61 в ... раз меньше
В... раз меньшеThe predicted 10-percent life is 2.7 times less than measured.The shear stress is smaller than the maximum value by a factor of between 5 and 10.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в ... раз меньше
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62 не столько по соображениям ..., сколько из-за
Не столько по соображениям..., сколько из-за-- The choice of 1-in thick tubesheet was made less from consideration of bending stress in the tubesheet than the minimum length of tube roll that would provide a leaktight tube-to-tubesheet joint.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > не столько по соображениям ..., сколько из-за
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63 по-видимому
По-видимому - apparently, presumably, seemingly; appears to, seems to, tends to; (it) would appear, it is felt, it is expected; is believed toSeemingly they were less well annealed.The work to be described here is, seemingly, the first systematic experimental study of melting controlled by natural convection.It is felt that a similar approach might prove useful for the problem at hand.Secondly, operating conditions would appear to affect the limiting stress - at least, such has been indicated by limited testing in this writer's laboratory.The experimental data do not seem to display a systematic effect due to q; however, a best fit straight line through the data for 0 Ј q Ј 15 deg appears to have a flatter slope than the best fit for the larger angles of incidence.The variation in the value of this constant tends to confirm the complexity of the material property parameters which are controlling the erosion.Many other rigs are not able to reproduce the low temperature corrosion morphology often found in marine engines in service and apparently faithfully simulated in the AMTE test rigs.This increase is believed to be within the error bounds of this study.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > по-видимому
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64 преобладать
Преобладать - to prevail, to predominate; to be predominant, to be a predominance of, to be favoredAt lower flow rates the droplet regime prevails.Cholinesterase predominates in the blood plasma.Rolling-element fatigue spalling was predominant at this stress and less.Further north there is a predominance of low rise private housing.Below 1800 K the condensation path is favored.Преобладать над - to dominate, to overwhelm (+ direct object), to dominate overIn most flames of practical scale soot emission dominates gas species emission (... выброс сажи преобладает над выбросом газов).This behavior indicates that inertial losses dominate over friction losses.Adiabatic shear handling is thought to represent an unstable process occurring when thermal softening overwhelms strain hardening.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > преобладать
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65 при этом и меньших
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > при этом и меньших
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66 tense
I noun(Ling.) Zeit, dieII 1. adjectivea tense silence — eine [an]gespannte Stille
2) (causing nervous tension) spannungsgeladen2. intransitive verb 3. transitive verbPhrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/92573/tense_up">tense up* * *[tens] I noun(a form of a verb that shows the time of its action in relation to the time of speaking: a verb in the past/future/present tense.) die ZeitformII 1. adjective2) (tight; tightly stretched.) gespannt2. verb(to make or become tense: He tensed his muscles.) (an-)spannen- tensely- tenseness
- tension* * *tense1[ten(t)s]tense2[ten(t)s]I. adj finger, muscle, person, voice angespannt\tense moment spannungsgeladener Momentto defuse a \tense situation eine gespannte Lage entschärfenII. vtto \tense a muscle einen Muskel anspannen* * *I [tens]n (GRAM)Zeit f, Tempus ntIIfuture tense — Zukunft f
1. adj (+er)rope gespannt, straff; muscles (an)gespannt; neck verspannt; person, expression, bearing (through stress, worry etc) angespannt; (through nervousness, fear etc) verkrampft; voice nervös; silence, atmosphere gespannt; situation (an)gespannt; time gespannt, spannungsgeladen; negotiations spannungsgeladen; relations angespannt; (= thrilling) scene spannungsgeladento make sb tense — jdn in Anspannung versetzen
I've been feeling rather tense all day — ich bin schon den ganzen Tag so nervös
in a voice tense with emotion — mit erregter Stimme
2. vtanspannento tense oneself to do sth — sich darauf konzentrieren, etw zu tun
3. visich ( an)spannen, sich straffen* * *tense1 [tens] s LING Tempus n, Zeit (-form) ftense2 [tens]A adj (adv tensely)1. straff, gespannt2. figa) (an)gespannt (Person, Nerven etc)b) (über)nervös, verkrampft (Person)c) spannungsgeladen (Moment etc)d) zermürbend (Spiel etc)e) gespannt (Lage etc):grow less tense sich entspannenB v/t (an)spannen, straffenC v/i1. sich straffen oder (an)spannen2. fig (vor Nervosität etc) starr werden, verkrampfent. abk1. teaspoon (teaspoonful) TL2. temperature3. tempore, in the time of5. time* * *I noun(Ling.) Zeit, dieII 1. adjectivein the present/future etc. tense — im Präsens/Futur usw
1) (taut; showing nervous tension) gespannta tense silence — eine [an]gespannte Stille
2) (causing nervous tension) spannungsgeladen2. intransitive verb 3. transitive verbPhrasal Verbs:- tense up* * *adj.angespannt adj.gespannt adj.nervös adj.verkrampft adj. -
67 wind down
1. transitive verb1) (lower) mit einer Winde herunter-/hinunterlassen; herunterdrehen [Autofenster]2) (fig.): (reduce gradually) einschränken; drosseln [Produktion]; (and cease) allmählich einstellen2. intransitive verb* * *I. vt1. (lower)to \wind down down the car window das Autofenster herunterkurbeln▪ to \wind down down ⇆ sth etw zurückschraubento \wind down down activities/operations Aktivitäten/Operationen reduzierento \wind down down a business ein Geschäft auflösento \wind down down production ECON die Produktion drosselnII. vi2. (cease) auslaufen\wind downing-down exercises Entspannungsübungen pl* * *1. vt sep1) car windows etc herunterdrehen or -kurbeln2. vi1) (= lose speed clock) ablaufen2) (path etc) sich hinunterwinden or -schlängeln3) (inf: relax) abspannen, entspannen* * *A v/t2. eine Produktion etc auslaufen lassenB v/i fig an Schwung verlieren* * *1. transitive verb1) (lower) mit einer Winde herunter-/hinunterlassen; herunterdrehen [Autofenster]2) (fig.): (reduce gradually) einschränken; drosseln [Produktion]; (and cease) allmählich einstellen2. intransitive verb -
68 F23
рус Острые и преходящие психотические расстройстваeng Acute and transient psychotic disorders. A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the acute onset of psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and perceptual disturbances, and by the severe disruption of ordinary behaviour. Acute onset is defined as a crescendo development of a clearly abnormal clinical picture in about two weeks or less. For these disorders there is no evidence of organic causation. Perplexity and puzzlement are often present but disorientation for time, place and person is not persistent or severe enough to justify a diagnosis of organically caused delirium (F05.-). Complete recovery usually occurs within a few months, often within a few weeks or even days. If the disorder persists, a change in classification will be necessary. The disorder may or may not be associated with acute stress, defined as usually stressful events preceding the onset by one to two weeks. -
69 wind down
vt1) ( lower)to \wind down down the car window das Autofenster herunterkurbeln2) ( gradually reduce)to \wind down down <-> sth etw zurückschrauben;to \wind down down activities/ operations Aktivitäten/Operationen reduzieren;to \wind down down a business ein Geschäft auflösen;2) ( cease) auslaufen\wind downing-down exercises Entspannungsübungen fpl -
70 перегрузки
…to make the descent trajectory less steep, thus increasing the distance of the atmosphere flight and reducing acceleration stresses (or loads).Reentry was noticeable by the gradual increase in deceleration stresses (or loads) and flames in the windows.The controlled reentry glide-path makes it possible to reduce the stress-loads in the course of reentry down to 3-4 units.Such space-flight factors, as ionizing radiation, long-time absence of normal hygienic conditions, increased g-forces… -
71 fall
I [fɔːl] 1. гл.; прош. вр. fell, прич. прош. вр. fallen1)а) = fall down / over падать ( с высоты)The apple fell from the tree. — Яблоко упало с дерева.
He fell down the stairs. — Он упал с лестницы.
The child has fallen down and hurt his knee. — Ребёнок упал и ушиб колено.
The little girl fell over and hit her head. — Маленькая девочка упала и ударилась головой.
We fell on our knees before her. — Мы упали перед ней на колени.
I fell back and hurt my head. — Я упал назад и ушиб голову.
The boy fell through the ice. — Мальчик провалился под лёд.
The water's deep here, mind you don't fall in. — Здесь глубоко, смотри не упади в воду.
The roof of the mine fell in, trapping the miners. — Кровля шахты провалилась, и шахтёры оказались отрезанными.
He fell over a rock in his path. — Он споткнулся о камень, который лежал на его пути, и упал.
Syn:б) = fall off отпадать, отваливатьсяMy top button has fallen off. — У меня оторвалась и упала верхняя пуговица.
2)а) упасть, потерять положение в обществе; пасть моральноHow many innocents have fallen and become hardened sinners! — Сколько невинных пали и стали неисправимыми грешниками!
By going to the club Patrick fell among a bad group of people and started stealing people's money. — Патрик стал ходить в клуб, связался с какими-то подонками и стал грабить людей.
Syn:б) потерять невинность, утратить целомудрие ( обычно о женщине); забеременетьWe had been married eight months before I fell. — Мы были женаты восемь месяцев, прежде чем я забеременела.
3) падать, идти (об осадках, звёздах)4) приходить, наступать (о беде, болезни, сне); охватить ( о чувстве)A great stillness fell upon the place. — Наступила мёртвая тишина.
Wonder fell on all. — Все изумились.
5) спускаться, наступать (о темноте, ночи)Night fell. — Спустилась ночь.
Dusk is falling. — Спускаются сумерки.
6) = fall out опадать; выпадать прям. и перен.Her hair fell, and her face looked older. — Её волосы поредели и лицо выглядело более старым.
Your hair is beginning to fall out. — Ваши волосы начинают выпадать.
7) опускаться, падатьto let fall — опускать, спускать (якорь, занавес, паруса)
8) ниспадать, (свободно) падать (об одежде, волосах)Her dress falls in pleats from the waist. — Её платье спадает от талии свободными складками.
Syn:every word that fell from her lips — каждое слово, которое слетало с её губ
11) опускаться, убыватьThere were signs of clearing in the west, and the waves began to fall. — На западе стало проясняться, и волны стали успокаиваться.
12) ухудшатьсяMy spirits fell. — Моё настроение упало.
I'm disappointed in your work: it has fallen below your usual standard. — Я недоволен вашей работой, обычно вы работали лучше.
Your work has fallen from the level we expected from you. — Уровень вашей работы ниже, чем мы от вас ожидали.
Syn:13)а) = fall down спускаться вниз по (чему-л.)б) = fall off спускаться, иметь наклон ( о местности)The land falls off here towards the river. — Здесь резкий спуск к реке.
Syn:14) впадать (о реке, потоке)15) стихать, ослабевать, успокаиваться (о ветре, погоде)Flames leaped up suddenly and fell again. — Языки пламени внезапно взметнулись вверх и снова погасли.
The storm fell before seven o'clock. — Буря затихла к семи часам.
Syn:16) терять живость; вытягиваться ( о выражении лица)The countenance of the old man fell. — Лицо старика вытянулось.
Caleb's face fell a full inch. — Лицо Калеба вытянулось на целый дюйм.
17) наклоняться; опускаться ( о глазах)18) падать, снижаться (о температуре, ценах)The temperature has fallen below zero. —Температура упала ниже нуля.
The cost of meat finally fell. — Цены на мясо наконец снизились.
The class has fallen below ten students this year. — В этом году в классе осталось меньше десяти человек.
Syn:19) пасть, сдаваться, капитулировать (о городе, крепости, корабле)On the third day of the attack, the town fell. — На третий день штурма город пал.
Syn:surrender, be captured, be overthrown, be defeated, be taken, pass into enemy hands, collapse, capitulate, succumb20) пасть; быть сброшенным ( о власти); гибнутьThe Ministry was certain to fall in a short time. — Было очевидно, что правительство падёт очень быстро.
Syn:be overthrown, perish21) погибать22) карт. быть взятой, быть битой ( более крупной картой)23) крим. быть арестованным; быть осуждённым; быть посаженным в тюрьму24) обваливаться, оседать (о здании и т. п.)One of the towers had fallen with its own weight. — Одна из башен развалилась под собственной тяжестью.
25) ( fall into)а) делиться, распадаться на (что-л.)б) = fall under / within принадлежать к (какому-л. классу)to fall into the category — относиться к категории, подпадать под категорию
The population that falls under the category of poor is less than 7%. — Менее семи процентов населения подпадают под категорию бедных.
Your suggestion falls within the general area of reorganization. — Ваше предложение - из серии идей по реорганизации.
26) падать, выпадать, доставатьсяto fall to smb.'s lot — выпадать на чью-л. долю
The lot fell upon him. — Жребий пал на него.
The expense must fall upon the purchaser. — Затраты должны падать на покупателя.
They alone fall to be considered here. — Здесь только на них и следует обращать внимание.
The property will fall to the eldest son. — Имущество достанется старшему сыну.
27) падать ( об ударении)The stress falls on the second syllable. — Ударение падает на второй слог.
28) ( fall in(to)) впадать в (какое-л. состояние); оказываться в (каком-л. положении)Henry fell into one of his fearful rages. — Генри впал в один из своих страшных приступов бешенства.
to fall in love — ( with) влюбиться (в кого-л.)
to fall out of love — ( with) разлюбить (кого-л.)
29) ( fall for) влюбиться в (кого-л.); полюбить (что-л.)Jim fell for Mary in a big way when they first met. — Джим по уши влюбился в Мэри с того самого дня, когда они встретились.
I think you're going to fall for this film. — Мне кажется, тебе понравится этот фильм.
30) ( fall for) попадаться на (удочку, уловку и пр.)Don't fall for that old trick, he's trying to persuade you to buy his goods. — Не поддайся на эту старую как мир уловку, он же хочет впарить тебе свой товар.
31) (fall + гл., прил.) становиться, перейти в состояние (чего-л.)to fall astern — мор. отстать
The memory of his faults had already fallen to be one of those old aches. — Память о его вине превратилась в застарелую боль.
32) ( fall (up)on) приходиться, падать, происходить, иметь местоMy birthday falls on Sunday. — Мой день рождения попадает на воскресенье.
New Year's Day falls on a Wednesday. — Новый Год приходится на среду.
Syn:Syn:34) ( fall from) бросать, покидать (кого-л.), отказываться от верности (кому-л.)The followers of Louis were falling from him. — Сторонники Людовика покидали его.
35) ( fall into) начинать (что-л.), приниматься за (что-л.); приобретать (привычку и т. п.)You have fallen into a bad habit of repeating yourself. — У вас появилась дурная привычка повторяться.
I fell into conversation with an interesting man. — Я вступил в разговор с интересным собеседником.
36) ( fall (up)on) нападать на (что-л.), налетать на (что-л.); набрасываться на (что-л.)The hungry children fell on the food. — Голодные дети набросились на еду.
37) ( fall (up)on) выпадать на (чью-л. долю), доставаться (кому-л.)It falls on me to thank our chairman for his speech. — Мне выпала честь поблагодарить нашего председателя за его речь.
The blame fell on me as usual. — Как обычно, всю вину возложили на меня.
38) ( fall (up)on) работать над (чем-л.), разрабатывать (что-л.)He fell on the new idea and in the course of time wrote an important book about it. — Он принялся разрабатывать эту идею и через некоторое время написал большую книгу по этому вопросу.
39) ( fall (up)on) достигать40) (fall under / within) попадать в (сферу действия чего-л.); подвергаться (чему-л.)to fall within one's jurisdiction — входить в чью-л. компетенцию
to fall under smb.'s influence — попадать под чьё-л. влияние
If the answer to your difficulty falls within my experience, I'll give you all the help I can. — Если ваш вопрос относится к сфере моего опыта, я окажу Вам всю возможную помощь.
These states of matter will fall under our observation. — Данное положение дел будет контролироваться нами.
41) ( fall to) приниматься за (что-л.), начинать делать (что-л.); набрасываться на (что-л.)They fell to work immediately. — Они сразу взялись за работу.
I fell to thinking about the happy days of the past. — Я принялся думать о счастливых днях прошлого.
Syn:•- fall abreast of
- fall across
- fall apart
- fall away
- fall back
- fall behind
- fall down
- fall foul of- fall in- fall off- fall out
- fall through••to fall into line / step with smb. — подчиняться, соглашаться с кем-л.
to fall over one another / each other — драться, бороться, соперничать друг с другом
to fall over backwards to do smth. — разг. лезть из кожи вон, чтобы сделать что-л.
to fall prey / sacrifice / victim to — прям. и перен. пасть жертвой (чего-л.)
- fall over oneself- fall over backwards
- fall to the ground
- fall to pieces
- fall into place 2. сущ.1) падениеbad / nasty fall — неудачное падение
to have / take a fall — падать
The net broke the tightrope walker's fall. — Сетка смягчила падение канатоходца.
Syn:2) моральное падение; потеря чести; потеря невинностиThe play was about the fall of an honest man. — В пьесе говорилось о моральном падении честного человека.
Syn:3) ( the Fall) рел. грехопадение (согласно Библии, утрата человеком изначальной чистоты и богоподобия в результате первого греха - непослушания Богу; соблазнённые сатаной в образе змея, Адам и Ева нарушили запрет и вкусили плод с древа познания добра и зла, за что были изгнаны из рая)the Fall of Man — грехопадение человека, грехопадение Адама
4) падение, сбрасывание; выпадение (осадков, метеоритов); количество осадков, выпавших за один раз или за определённый период времени5) приближение, наступление (сумерек, ночи, зимы)6) выпадение (зубов и т. п.)7) амер. осеньSyn:8) око́т, рождение (ягнят и т. п.)The principal fall of lambs takes place now. — Именно сейчас идёт основной окот овец.
9) помёт, выводок10) убывание ( обычно о волнах); отливSyn:11) упадок, закатSyn:12) заключительный период, завершающая часть (дня, года, жизни)14) ( falls) водопадWe could see the spray from the falls. — Мы видели брызги от водопада.
Syn:15)а) обрыв, склон, откос ( холма); скат, спускThe girls saw a little fall of the ground. — Девочки увидели небольшой откос.
Syn:б) высота (обрыва, склона и т. п.)16) понижение, снижение, падение (температуры и т. п.)17) муз. каданс, каденцияSyn:18) нисходящая интонация ( в речи)19) снижение, падение, понижение ( цен)Yesterday saw a sudden fall in stock prices. — Вчера произошло резкое падение биржевого курса.
Syn:20) спорт.б) схватка, раунд21)а) рубка лесаб) лес, сваленный за один сезон22) = fall trap капкан, ловушка, западняSyn:23) падение, поражение, капитуляция ( о городе или крепости)The fall of the city followed heavy bombardment. — Сдаче города предшествовала сильная бомбардировка.
Syn:24) смертьAnd women rent their tresses for their great prince's fall. — И женщины рвали на себе волосы, горюя о смерти своего великого государя.
Syn:25) крим.а) арест26)а) покрывало, вуаль27) крышка ( фортепиано)28) тех.; = block and fall канат, цепь подъёмного блока29) мор. фал30) тех. напор; высота напора••II [fɔːl] сущ.; диал.Pride will have a fall. посл. — Гордыня до добра не доводит.
1) крик, издаваемый китобоями, когда кит оказывается в пределах видимости или в пределах загарпунивания -
72 position idéale du pied
Position dans laquelle il y a le moins de pression sur les articulations, les ligaments et les tendons du pied.Proper muscular and skeletal alignment of the foot inside a boot, and which produces less stress on the joints, ligaments and tendons.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > position idéale du pied
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73 pendo
pendo, pĕpendi, pensum, 3 (pendissent, for pependissent, Liv. 45, 26 fin.:I. A.penderit for pependerit,
Paul. Nol. Carm. 14, 122), v. a. and n. [etym. dub.; cf. root sphad-, sphendonê, a sling; Lat. funda].— Lit., to cause to hang down, to suspend; esp. of scales in weighing.Lit. (very rare: syn. penso, expendo): unumquodque verbum staterā aurariā pendere, Varr. ap. Non. 455, 21: da pensam lanam, Titin. ap. Non. 369, 21; Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 39, read repensum: aere gravi cum uterentur Romani, penso eo, non numerato debitum solvebant, Fest. s. v. pendere, p. 208 Müll.:2.pensas examinat herbas,
Ov. M. 14, 270.—Transf., to pay, pay out (because, in the earliest times, payments were made by weighing out the metals; v. in the preced. the passage from Fest.;B.class.): militis stipendia ideo, quod eam stipem pendebant,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 182 Müll.:Achaei ingentem pecuniam pendunt L. Pisoni quotannis,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 3, 5; id. Att. 12, 25, 1:vectigal populo Romano,
Caes. B. G. 5, 23:vectigal,
Liv. 25, 8:tributum pro navibus,
Tac. A. 13, 51:pretium,
id. ib. 2, 87:coria boum in usus militares,
id. ib. 4, 72:mercedem alicui,
Juv. 3, 15.— Absol.:pro pabulo pendunt,
pay, Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 65.— Impers. pass.:iterumque imperii nostri publicanis penditur,
Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 65.—As punishments consisted of fines in money or cattle: pendere poenas, supplicia, etc., signified to pay, suffer, undergo a penalty:pendere poenas solvere significat,
Fest. p. 268 Müll.:Syrus mihi tergo poenas pendet,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:maximas poenas pendo temeritatis meae,
Cic. Att. 11, 8, 1:satis pro temeritate unius hominis suppliciorum pensum esse,
Liv. 34, 61:capitis poenas,
Ov. F. 3, 845:poenas violatae religionis sanguine et caedibus,
Just. 8, 2, 4:magna supplicia perfidiae,
id. 11, 4, 2:crimen, culpam,
Val. Fl. 4, 477.—Rarely in this signif. absol., to suffer any thing ( poet.):tuis nam pendit in arvis Delius,
Val. Fl. 1, 445.—Trop.1.To weigh mentally, to ponder, consider, deliberate upon, decide (class.;b.syn.: pensito, trutinor): vos eam (rem) suo, non nominis pondere penditote,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1:in philosophiā res spectatur, non verba penduntur,
id. Or. 16, 51:causam ex veritate,
id. Quint. 1, 5:rem levi conjecturā,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 62.—To value, esteem, regard a thing; with gen. of the value (mostly ante-class. and poet.):2. II.neque cum me magni pendere visum'st,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 12:aliquem,
Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 25:quem tu vidisse beatus Non magni pendis,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 93:nec jam religio divum neque numina magni Pendebantur,
Lucr. 6, 1277:unice unum plurimi pendit,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:te volturium vocant: Hostisne an civis comedis, parvi pendere,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 64 sq.:nequam hominis ego parvi pendo gratiam,
lightly esteem, id. Bacch. 3, 6, 29; so,parvi,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 46; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 37; id. Hec. 3, 5, 63:minoris pendo tergum illorum, quam meum,
care less for, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 29:aliquem minoris,
id. ib. 1, 3, 58:aliquem nihili,
id. ib. 1, 3, 88:nihili,
id. Men. 5, 7, 4; id. Trin. 3, 1, 6; Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 6; cf.:non flocci pendere,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 21:sese experturum, quanti sese penderem,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 44:tu illum numquam ostendisti quanti penderes,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 103.—Neutr., to weigh ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):A.tantundem pendere par est,
Lucr. 1, 361:talentum ne minus pondo octoginta Romanis ponderibus pendat,
Liv. 38, 38, 13; Plin. 9, 15, 17, § 44; id. 30, 48 fin., § 93; id. 18, 7, 12, § 66; id. 31, 6, 31, § 58 (in Sen. Ep. 66, 30, read pendent).—Hence, pensus, a, um, P. a., lit. weighed; hence, trop., esteemed, valued, prized, dear (as P. a. not in Cic. or Cæs.):utra condicio pensior, Virginemne an viduam habere?
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 61: ut nihil quicquam esset carius pensiusque nobis quam nosmetipsi, Taurus ap. Gell. 12, 5, 7.—Esp., as subst.: pensum, i, n., something weighed.Weight, consideration, scruple, importance, only in gen. sing.: nihil pensi habere aliquid, to lay no weight or stress upon a thing, to attach no value to, be indifferent to, care nothing about:B.sua parvi pendere, aliena cupere,... nihil pensi neque moderati habere,
Sall. C. 12, 2:nihil pensi neque sancti habere,
id. J. 41, 9:neque id quibus modis assequeretur, quicquam pensi habebat,
id. C. 5, 6:prorsus neque dicere, neque facere quicquam pensi habebat,
id. ib. 23, 2:nihil pensi habuit, quin, etc.,
Suet. Dom. 12; id. Ner. 34:ut neque fas neque fidem pensi haberet,
Tac. A. 13, 15: aliquid ratum pensumque habere, Att. Capitol. ap. Gell. 13, 12, 2. —So, non pensi ducere (very rare), Val. Max. 2, 9, 3.—Also, non adest or est alicui pensi: nec mihi adest tantillum pensi jam, quos capiam calceos, I don't care in the least, am perfectly indifferent, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 52:sed illis nec quid dicerent, nec quid facerent, quicquam umquam pensi fuisse,
they never cared at all, Liv. 34, 49:quibus si quicquam pensi umquam fuisset, non ea consilia de republicā habuissent,
if they had ever had regard for any considerations, Sall. C. 52, 34. —Prop., the wool weighed out to a slave to spin in a day; hence, a day's work in spinning, and, in gen., spinning, a spinner's task.1.Lit. (mostly ante-class. and poet.):2.pensum facere,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 63; id. Men. 5, 2, 45:nocturna carpentes pensa puellae,
Verg. G. 1, 391:carmine quo captae dum fusis mollia pensa Devolvunt, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 348:famulasque ad lumina longo Exercet penso,
id. A. 8, 412; Prop. 3, 15, (4, 14), 15:castrensia,
i. e. for military garments, id. 4 (5), 3, 33:pensa manu ducunt,
Juv. 12, 65:lanificam revocas ad sua pensa manum,
Ov. Am. 1, 13, 24; id. H. 3, 75; Just. 1, 3, 2.— Poet., a thread spun by the Fates:durae peragunt pensa sorores,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 181:jamque in fine dies et inexorabile pensum Deficit,
Stat. S. 3, 3, 172: mortale resolvere, to unbind his mortal thread, i. e. to make him immortal, Calp. Ecl. 4, 137.—Trop., a charge, duty, office (so in Cic.; cf.:ministerium, munus, officium): pensum meum lepide accurabo,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 33; cf.:meum confeci,
id. Pers. 2, 4, 1:absolvere,
to perform one's duty, Varr. R. R. 2, 2:me ad meum munus pensumque revocabo,
Cic. de Or. 3, 30, 119; id. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 109:nominis familiaeque,
Liv. 4, 52:operis sui peragere,
Col. 3, 10, 7.—Hence, adv.: pensē, carefully, considerately (post-class.): pensius, Flav. ap. Symm. Ep. 2, 34. -
74 care
1. n забота, попечение2. n наблюдение; обслуживание; уход3. n внимательность, тщательность; осторожностьtake care! — осторожно!, берегись!
4. n тж. заботы, забота; тревога; треволненияbeauty saddened with care — красота, поблёкшая от забот
an overweight of care — груз забот, бремя обязанностей
freedom from care — свобода от забот, беззаботность
5. n пристрастие, любовь, склонность6. n как компонент сложных слов со значением уход, присмотр7. v заботиться; ухаживать8. v беспокоиться, тревожиться, волноватьсяwhat do I care?, who cares ?, as if I cared! — а мне всё равно!, а мне-то что!, меня это не интересует!
9. v любить; питать интерес к10. v иметь желание, хотетьСинонимический ряд:1. anxiety (noun) angst; anxiety; concernment; disquiet; disquietude; distress; perturbation; pressure; problem; stress; trial; trouble; unease; uneasiness; worry2. carefulness (noun) alertness; attention; carefulness; caution; circumspection; concern; consciousness; heed; heedfulness; prudence3. consideration (noun) consideration; regard; solicitude4. oversight (noun) conduct; handling; intendance; management; oversight; running; superintendence; superintendency5. pains (noun) meticulousness; pains; scrupulousness; thoroughness6. responsibility (noun) burden; charge; custody; guardianship; keeping; responsibility; safekeeping; supervision; trust; ward7. sorrow (noun) affliction; anguish; grief; heartache; heartbreak; regret; rue; sorrow; woe8. treatment (noun) regimen; therapy; treatment9. be anxious (verb) be anxious; be solicitous; be troubled; have concern; have regard; heed; watch out; worry about10. be concerned (verb) be concerned; be interested; worry11. care for (verb) attend; care for; nurse; tend; wait on12. desire (verb) desire; want; wish13. disapprove (verb) disapprove; mind; object14. like (verb) be disposed; be fond of; be inclined; be willing; like; loveАнтонимический ряд:carelessness; disregard; inattention; indifference; neglect; negligence; omission; oversight; peace; pleasure -
75 μέν
μέν, Particle, used partly to express certainty on the part of the speaker or writer; partly, and more commonly, to point out that the word or clause with which it stands is correlative to another word or clause that is to follow, the latter word or clause being introduced by δέ.AI μέν used absolutely to express certainty, not followed by correlative δέ, indeed, of a truth, synonymous with μήν, as appears from the [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. form ἦ μέν in protestations and oaths (where [dialect] Att. used ἦ μήν), καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μ. μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Il.1.77
, cf. 14.275;ἦ μέν τοι τάδε πάντα τελείεται Od.14.160
, cf. Il.24.416;τοῦτον ἐξορκοῖ, ἦ μέν οἱ διηκονήσειν Hdt.4.154
, cf. 5.93, etc.: with neg.,οὐ μὲν γάρ τι κακὸν βασιλευέμεν Od.1.392
, etc.;ὤμοσα, μὴ μὲν.. ἀναφῆναι 4.254
, cf. Hdt.2.118, 179;ἔξαρνος ἦν, μὴ μὲν ἀποκτεῖναι Id.3.67
, cf. 99: without neg., : also in Trag., , cf. 159 (anap.), OC44, E.Med. 676, 1129, etc.;καὶ μέν Il.1.269
, 9.632, etc.; οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδὲ .. 2.703, 12.212; γε μέν, cf. γε 1.5.2 an answering clause with δέ is sts. implied, τὴν μὲν ἐγὼ σπουδῇ δάμνημ' ἐπέεσσι her can I hardly subdue, [ but all others easily], Il.5.893; ὡς μὲν λέγουσι as indeed they say, [ but as I believe not], E.Or. 8; καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἦν αὐτῷ πόλεμος (with no ἔπειτα δέ to follow), X. An.1.9.14; so νῦν μέν σ' ἀφήσω I will let you go this time, Herod.5.81: to give force to assertions made by a person respecting himself, wherein opposition to other persons is implied,ὡς μὲν ἐμῷ θυμῷ δοκεῖ Od. 13.154
; δοκεῖν μέν μοι ἥξει τήμερον [τὸ πλοῖον] Pl.Cri. 43d: hence with the pers. Pron.,ἐγὼ μέν νυν θεοῖσι ἔχω χάριν Hdt.1.71
; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδέν (sc. θέλω) S.Ant. 498;ἐμοῦ μὲν οὐχ ἑκόντος Id.Aj. 455
;ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἶδα X.Cyr.1.4.12
, cf. 4.2.45, etc.: with the demonstr. Pron., : generally, to emphasize the preceding word, πολλὴ μὲν ἡ μεταβολή μοι γέγονεν great indeed has been the change, Is.1.1, cf. Simon.5.1, etc.3 μέν is used alone in questions, when the answer is assumed, I take it, θέμις μὲν ἡμᾶς χρησμὸν εἰδέναι θεοῦ; E.Med. 676, cf. Ion 520 (troch.), Hipp. 316, S.Ant. 634, Ar.Av. 1214; Ἕλλην μέν ἐστι καὶ Ἑλληνίζει; Pl.Men. 82b.II μέν folld. by δέ in the correlative clause or clauses, on the one hand, on the other hand; commonly in Classical Gr., less freq. in later Gr. (rare in NT):1 μέν.., δέ .. (or when the correlative clause is neg., μέν.., οὐδέ .., Il.1.318, 536), to mark opposition, Hom., etc.—The opposed clauses commonly stand together, but are freq. separated by clauses, parenthetic or explanatory; e.g. μέν in Il.2.494 is answered by δέ in 511, 527 sq.; in X.An.1.9.2, πρῶτον μέν is answered by ἐπεὶ δέ in <*> 6; in Id.Mem.1.1.2, πρῶτον μέν is answered by θαυμαστὸν δέ in 1.2.1.2 to connect a series of clauses containing different matter, though with no opposition, Il.1.18sq., 306 sq. (five δέ-clauses), 433 sq. (eight δέ-clauses), cf. X.An. 1.3.14,7.10sq.: freq. when the members of a group or class are distinctly specified, παῖδες δύο, πρεσβύτερος μὲν Ἀρταξέρξης, νεώτερος δὲ Κῦρος ib.1.1.1; τάφρος.., τὸ μὲν εὖρος ὀργυιαὶ πέντε, τὸ δὲ βάθος ὀργυιαὶ τρεῖς ib.1.7.14; πρῶτος μέν.., δεύτερος δέ.., τρίτος δέ .. ib.5.6.9; τότε μέν.., τότε δέ .., at one time.., at another.., ib.6.1.9, etc.: esp. with the Art. used as a Pron., ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.. ; τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ .., etc.3 the principal word is freq. repeated,οἳ περὶ μὲν βουλὴν Δαναῶν, περὶ δ' ἐστὲ μάχεσθαι Il.1.258
, cf. 288, Od.15.70;ἔνι μὲν φιλότης, ἐν δ' ἵμερος, ἐν δ' ὀαριστύς Il.14.216
;Ξέρξης μὲν ἄγαγεν.., Ξέρξης δ' ἀπώλεσεν A.Pers. 550
, cf. 560, 694, 700 (all lyr.);χαλεπαίνει μὲν πρῳρεύς, χαλεπαίνει δὲ κυβερνήτης X.An.5.8.20
.4 one of the correlative clauses is sts. independent, while the other takes the part. or some other dependent form, ἐβλασφήμει κατ' ἐμοῦ.., μάρτυρα μὲν.. οὐδένα παρασχόμενος.., παρεκελεύετο δέ .. D.57.11;οἱ ἀμφὶ βασιλέα, πεζοὶ μὲν οὐκέτι, τῶν δὲ ἱππέων ὁ λόφος ἐνεπλήσθη X.An.1.10.12
, cf. 2.1.7, 5.6.29; , cf. OC 522 (bothlyr.);χωρὶς μὲν τοῦ ἐστερῆσθαι.., ἔτι δὲ καὶ.. δόξω ἀμελῆσαι Pl.Cri.44
b.5 μέν and δέ freq. oppose two clauses, whereof one is subordinate to the other in meaning or emphasis, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνο θαυμάζω, εἰ Λακεδαιμονίοις μέν ποτε.. ἀντήρατε,.. νυνὶ δὲ ὀκνεῖτ' ἐξιέναι (for εἰ.. ἀντάραντες νυνὶ ὀκνεῖτε) D.2.24, cf. E.IT 116, Lys.34.11, X.Mem.2.7.11, etc.: so in an anacoluthon, τρία μὲν ὄντα.. ναυτικά.., τούτων δ' εἰ περιόψεσθε τὰ δύο, κτλ., Th.1.36.6 μέν is not always answered by δέ, but freq. by other equiv. Particles, as ἀλλά, Il.1.22 sq., 2.703 sq., Pi.O.9.1, A.Pers. 176, X.An.1.7.17:—by μέντοι, Hdt.1.36, S.Ph. 350, D.21.189, etc.:—by ἀτάρ, Il.6.84, 124, A.Pr. 342, S.OT 1051sq., Pl. Tht. 172c, etc. (so μέν.., αὐτάρ in [dialect] Ep., Il.1.50, Od.19.513, etc.):— by αὖ, Il.11.108, Od.4.210:—by αὖθις, S.Ant. 165:—by αὖτε, Il.1.234, Od.22.5:—by temporal Particles, πρῶτα μέν.., εἶτα .. S.El. 261; πρῶτον μέν.., μετὰ τοῦτο .. X.An.6.1.5-7; μάλιστα μὲν δὴ.., ἔπειτα μέντοι .. S.Ph. 350, cf. OT 647:—rarely by μήν with neg.,οὐδὲν μὴν κωλύει Pl.Phdr. 268e
;οὐ μὴν αὐταί γε Id.Phlb. 12d
.b when the opposition is emphatic, δέ is sts. strengthd., as ὅμως δέ .. S.OT 785, Ph. 473, 1074, etc. (so ); δ' αὖ .. Il.4.415, X.An.1.10.5; δ' ἔμπης .. Il.1.561-2.c μέν is sts. answered by a copul. Particle, κάρτιστοι μὲν ἔσαν καὶ καρτίστοις ἐμάχοντο ib. 267, cf. 459, Od. 22.475, S.Aj.1, Tr. 689, E.Med. 125 (anap.), etc.: rarely in Prose,τρία μὲν ἔτη ἀντεῖχον.., καὶ οὐ πρότερον ἐνέδοσαν Th.2.65
(dub.).B μέν before other Particles:I where each Particle retains its force,2μὲν γάρ S.OT62
, Th.1.142, etc.:— in Hom. there is freq. no second clause, Od.1.173, 392, cf. S.OT 1062, etc.;μὲν γὰρ δή Il.11.825
;μὲν γάρ τε 17.727
.3 μέν γε, when a general statement is explained in detail,Κορινθίοις μέν γε ἔνσπονδοί ἐστε Th.1.40
, cf. 70, 6.86, Hdt.6.46, Antipho 5.14, Lys. 13.27, Is.4.8, Ar.Nu. 1382, V. 564, E.Fr.909.4.4μὲν δή Il.1.514
, Hdt.1.32, etc.: freq. used to express positive certainty,ἀλλ' οἶσθα μὲν δή S. Tr. 627
, cf. OT 294;τὰ μὲν δὴ τόξ' ἔχεις Id.Ph. 1308
; esp. as a conclusion,τοῦτο μὲν δὴ.. ὁμολογεῖται Pl.Grg. 470b
, cf. X.Cyr.1.1.6, etc.: in closing a statement,τοιαῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα A.Pr. 500
, etc.: used in answers to convey full assent, ἦ μὲν δή (cf. supr. A) Il.9.348, Od.4.33;καὶ μὲν δή.. γε Pl.R. 409b
; οὐ μὲν δή, to deny positively, Il.8.238, X.Cyr.1.6.9, Pl.Tht. 148e, etc.;οὐ μὲν δή.. γε X.An.2.2.3
, 3.2.14; ἀλλ' οὔ τι μὲν δή .. Pl.Tht. 187a.5 μὲν οὖν, v. infr.11.2.II where the Particles combine so as to form a new sense,1 μέν γε at all events, at any rate (not in Trag.),τοῦτο μέν γ' ἤδη σαφές Ar.Ach. 154
, cf. Nu. 1172, Lys. 1165, Ra.80, Th.3.39;μέν γέ που Pl.R. 559b
, Tht. 147a.2 μὲν οὖν is freq. used with a corresponding δέ, so that each Particle retains its force, Od.4.780, Pi.O.1.111, S.OT 244, 843; Ph. 359, D.2.5, etc.: but freq. also abs., so then, S.Ant.65;ταῦτα μὲν οὖν παραλείψω D.2.3
; esp. in replies, sts. in strong affirmation,παντάπασι μὲν οὖν Pl.Tht. 158d
; κομιδῇ μὲν οὖν ib. 159e; πάνυ μὲν οὖν ib. 159b; ἀνάγκη μὲν οὖν ib. 189e; also to substitute a new statement so as to correct a preceding statement, nay rather, κακοδαίμων; Answ. βαρυδαίμων μὲν οὖν! Ar.Ec. 1102; μου πρὸς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀποψῶ wipe your nose on my head: Answ. ἐμοῦ μὲν οὖν .. nay on mine, Id.Eq. 911, cf. A.Pers. 1032 (lyr.), Ag. 1090 (lyr.), 1396, S.Aj. 1363, El. 1503, OT 705, Ar.Ra. 241, Pl.Cri. 44b, Grg. 466a, 470b, Prt. 309d, etc.; alsoμὲν οὖν δή S.Tr. 153
;καὶ δὴ μὲν οὖν Id.OC31
; cf. οὐμενοῦν: in NT μενοῦν and μενοῦνγε, to begin a sentence, yea rather, Ev.Luc.11.28, Ep.Rom.9.20, etc., cf. Phryn.322, Hsch.—In [dialect] Ion., μέν νυν is used for μὲν οὖν, Hdt.1.18, 4.145, etc.3 by μέν τε, if δέ τε follows, the two clauses are more closely combined than by τε.., τε .., Il.5.139, al.; μέν τε is freq. answered by δέ alone, 16.28, al.; by ἀλλά, αὐτάρ, 17.727, Od.1.215, al.; perh. by ἠδέ, Il.4.341:— Hom. also uses μέν τε abs., when τε loses its force, as after ἦ, τίς, etc., Il.2.145, al.4 μέν τοι in Hom. always occurs in speeches, where τοι can be regarded as the dat. of the Pron.: later, μέντοι is written as a single word, and is used:a with a conj. force, yet, nevertheless, A.Pr. 320, 1054 (anap.), S.Tr. 413, etc.; and sts. stands for δέ, answering to μέν, v. supr. A.11.6 a.b as an Adv., in strong protestations, οὐ μέντοι μὰ Δία .. D.4.49; in eager or positive assent, of course, φαμέν τι εἶναι .. ; Answ.φαμὲν μέντοι νὴ Δία Pl.Phd. 65d
, al.: with a neg. to give emphasis to a question, οὐ σὺ μέντοι .. ; why, are you not.. ? Id.Prt. 309a, cf. Phdr. 229b, R. 339b, etc.: sts. to express impatience, ὄμνυμι γάρ σοι—τίνα μέντοι, τίνα θεῶν; Id.Phdr. 236d; τί μ. πρῶτον ἦν, τί πρῶτον ἦν; nay what was the first? Ar.Nu. 787;οὗτος, σὲ λέγω μ. Id.Ra. 171
; σὺ μέντοι .. Luc.Alex.44: with imper., to enforce the command, τουτὶ μ. σὺ φυλάττου only take heed.., Ar. Pax 1100, cf.Av. 661, X.An.1.4.8: in answers, γελοῖον μέντἂν εἴη nay it would be absurd, Pl.Tht. 158e; summing up a long temporal clause, And.1.130.cμέντοι γε X.Cyr.5.5.24
, etc.;οὐ μ. γε Diog.Apoll.5
: in later Gr. μέντοιγε stands first in the sentence,μ. οὐ θέλω PLond.3.897.13
(i A.D.); also , S.OT 778, 1292, E.Hec. 600;ὅμως γε μ. Ar.Ra.61
.d καὶ μ. καί is used to add a point to be noted, Heraclit.28, Pl.R. 331d; also καί.. μ., νῦν σοι καιρός ἐστιν ἐπιδείξασθαι τὴν παιδείαν, καὶ φυλάξασθαι μέντοι .. and of course to take care.., X.An.4.6.15 (v.l.), cf. 1.8.20, Pl.Prt. 339c, Tht. 143a.e ἀλλὰ μέντοι well, if it comes to that, X.An.4.6.16; well, of course, Pl.R. 331e, etc.; cf. μέντον.D Position of μέν. Like δέ, it usu. stands as the second word in a sentence. But when a sentence begins with words common to its subordinate clauses, μέν stands second in the first of these clauses, asἥδε γὰρ γυνὴ δούλη μέν, εἴρηκεν δ' ἐλεύθερον λόγον S.Tr.63
; οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐτάξαντο μέν.., ἡσύχαζον δέ .. Th.4.73, cf. 113, etc. It also attaches itself to words which mark opposition, as πρῶτον μέν, τότε μέν, ἐγὼ μέν, even when these do not stand first: sts. however it precedes them,ὡς μὲν ἐγὼ οἶμαι Pl.Phdr. 228b
;ὡς μέν τινες ἔφασαν X.Cyr.5.2.28
. It generally stands between the Art. and Noun, or the Prep. and its Case: but if special stress is laid on the Noun, this is sts. neglected, asοἱ Τεγεᾶται μὲν ἐπηυλίσαντο, Μαντινῆς δὲ ἀπεχώρησαν Th.4.134
; ἀνὰ τὸ σκοτεινὸν μέν .. Id.3.22; alsoτῇ σῇ μὲν εὐδαιμονίῃ, τῇ ἐμεωυτοῦ δὲ κακοδαιμονίῃ Hdt. 1.87
.II μέν is freq. repeated:1 when, besides the opposition of two main clauses, a subordinate opposition is introduced into the first, ὁ μὲν ἀνὴρ τοιαῦτα μὲν πεποίηκε τοιαῦτα δὲ λέγει, ὑμῶν δέ .. X.An.1.6.9, cf. 5.8.24, Th.8.104, D.18.214, 23.208.2 in apodosi with the demonstr. Pron. or Adv., τὸν μὲν καλέουσι θέρος, τοῦτον μὲν προσκυνέουσι, τὸν δὲ χειμῶνα .. Hdt.2.121; ὅσοι μὲν δὴ νομοῦ τοῦ Θηβαίου εἰσί, οὗτοι μέν [νυν].. αἶγας θύουσι· ὅσοι δὲ.. νομοῦ τοῦ Μενδησίου εἰσί, οὗτοι δὲ.. ὄϊς θύουσι ib.42, cf.3.108, al.; ὅτε μέν με οἱ ἄρχοντες ἔταττον.., τότε μὲν ἔμενον.., τοῦ δὲ θεοῦ τάττοντος,.. ἐνταῦθα δέ .. Pl.Ap. 28e, cf. Grg. 512a.3 μέν used absolutely is freq. folld. by a correlativeμέν, εἰ μὲν οὖν ἡμεῖς μὲν.. ποιοῦμεν Id.R. 421a
.III μέν is sts. omitted (esp. in Poetry) where it is implied in the followingδέ, φεύγων, ὁ δ' ὄπισθε διώκων Il.22.157
;ἐλευθεροῦτε πατρίδ', ἐλευθεροῦτε δὲ παῖδας A. Pers. 403
;σφραγῖδε.. χρυσοῦν ἔχουσα τὸν δακτύλιον, ἡ δ' ἑτέρα ἀργυροῦν IG22.1388.45
, cf. Ar.Nu. 396, Pl.Sph. 221e, Arist.Po. 1447b14, etc. -
76 ἀναγκαῖος
A of, with, or by force:I [voice] Act., constraining, applying force, μῦθος ἀ. a word of force, Od.17.399; χρειὼ ἀ. urgent necessity, Il.8.57; ἦμαρ ἀ. day of constraint, i.e. life of slavery, 16.836; ἀ. τύχη a doom imposed by fate, or fateful chance, S.Aj. 485, cf. 803 (but, fatal chance, Id.El.48);πᾶν γὰρ ἀ. χρῆμ' ἀνιηρὸν ἔφυ Thgn.472
, cf. 297, E.Or. 230; τῆς ἀρχῆς τῷ ἀ. παροξυνομένους by the compulsory nature of our rule, Th.5.99;δεσμὸς ἀ. Theoc.24.33
; ἐξ ἀναγκαίου under stress of circumstances, Th.7.60.2 forcible, cogent, ;ἀποδείξεις Ti. 40e
; ; τὰ-ότερα τῶν ἀντιγράφων the more authoritative copies, Sch.S. OC 390.II [voice] Pass., constrained, forced, twice in Od., πολεμισταὶ ἀ. soldiers perforce, Od.24.499; so δμῶες ἀ. ib. 210 (where however Eust. expl. it χρειώδεις trusty, serviceable, v. infr. 6).2 necessary (physically or morally), οὐκ ἀ. unnecessary (on its diff. senses in philosophy v. Arist.Metaph. 1015a20ff.), ἀ. [ἐστί] it is necessary to.., S.Ph. 1317, etc.; γίνεταί μοι ἀναγκαιότ ατον, c. inf., Hdt.3.65; ἀ. κακόν a necessary evil, Men.651, cf. Hybreasap.Str.14.2.24: also c. inf.,ἔνιαι τῶν ἀποκρίσεων ἀναγκαῖαι διὰ μακρῶν τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖσθαι Pl.Grg. 449b
; ; [μαθήματα] ἀναγκαῖα προμεμαθηκέναι necessary for us to have learnt them before, Lg. 643c.bτὰ ἀ.
things necessary to be done,X.
Mem.1.1.6; τὰ ἐκ θεοῦ ἀ. the appointed order of things, HG 1.7.33;θεῶν ἀναγκαῖον τόδε E.Hec. 584
codd.: τὸ ἀ., = ἀνάγκη, Arist. Ph. 200a31.4 indispensable, i. e. a bare minimum, freq. in [comp] Sup., τὸ ἀναγκαιότατον ὕψος the least height that was absolutely necessary, Th.1.90; ἡ ἀναγκαιοτάτη πόλις the least that could be called a city, Pl.R. 369d;ἐκ τεττάρων ἀναγκαιοτάτων συγκεῖσθαι πόλιν Arist.Pol. 1291a12
; αὐτὰ τἀναγκαιότατ' εἰπεῖν give a bare outline of the facts, D.18.126, cf. 168; ἡ ἀ. συγγένεια the most distant degree of kinship recognized by law, 44.26: less freq. in Posit.,οὐδὲ τἀναγκαῖα ἐξικέσθαι Th.1.70
: hence, scanty, makeshift,παρασκευή 6.37
.5 of persons, connected by necessary or natural ties, i. e. related by blood, Antipho 1.4, Pl.R. 574b;ἀ. δόμοις E.Alc. 533
;οἱ ἀ.
kinsfolk,X.
An.2.4.1;ἀ. φίλοι E.Andr. 671
;συγγενεῖς καὶ ἀ. ἄνθρωποι D.19.290
;τοὺς συγγενεῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀ. φίλους Act.Ap.10.24
, cf. PFlor.2.142.2 (iii A. D.).6 Astrol., efficacious, Vett.Val.63.1 ([comp] Comp.): ἀ. γραμμή line of fate, Cat.Cod.Astr.7.238.III Adv. - ως of necessity, perforce, ἀ. ἔχει it must be so, Hdt.1.89, A.Ch. 239, S.Tr. 723, Pl. Phd. 91e, etc.;ἀ. ἔχει μοι ποιέειν ταῦτα Hdt.8.140
.ά, al.; ἀ. φέρειν, opp. ἀνδρείως, Th.2.64; as best might be, Pl. Ti. 69d.2 γελοίως καὶ ἀ. λέγειν in a narrow sense (cf. 11.4, but prob. with play on 111.1), Id.R. 527a;πτωχῶς μέν, ἀλλ' ἀ. Babr.55.2
:—[comp] Sup.ἀναγκαιότατα, λέγεις Pl.Phlb. 40c
.IV οἱ ἀ. τόποι privy parts, Vett.Val.113.9.V ἀναγκαῖον, τό, v. sub v.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀναγκαῖος
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77 spoed
1 speed♦voorbeelden:met gezwinde/grote spoed • posthasteop spoed aandringen • stress the urgency of a/the matter/ 〈enz.〉ergens spoed achter zetten • speed something alonger is spoed bij • it is urgentmet spoed • with haste, urgentlyiemand tot spoed manen/aanzetten • hurry someone up〈 spreekwoord〉 haastige spoed is zelden goed • more haste, less speed -
78 изгиб
bend
при установке прибора радиyc изгиба трубопровода не должен превышать... мм — when installing the instrument, bends in the tube with radius of less than... mm shall be avoided.
-, компенсационный (трубапровода) — expansion bend
- пружины работать на и. — spring deflection carry bending stressРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > изгиб
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79 downshifting
Gen Mgtthe concept of giving up all or part of your work commitment and income in exchange for improved quality of life. The term was coined by Charles Handy. Downshifting has increased in popularity because of rising stress in the workplace caused partly by the downsizing trend of the late 20th century, and may be contrasted with the concept of the organization man. Downshifting is integral to the idea of portfolio working, in which individuals opt out of a formal employee relationship to sell their services at a pace and at a price to suit themselves.Most people consider downshifting because of family demands, or because they have been asked to do something by their organization that goes strongly against their values, pushing them to question why they are working so hard for that organization. Others downshift as they approach retirement, in order to smooth the transition. People who downshift need to be very sure that that is what they really want and know why they want it, as it can be hard to reverse the decision.Someone wanting to take the risk of downshifting should make a thorough assessment of his or her short-term and long-term financial situation by way of preparation. They will need to have a good bed of savings to rely on in the first year. It may be necessary to consider moving to a smaller, cheaper place. Deciding what to keep of the old life and what to let go is another important part of the preparation. Some downshifters will want to completely leave their old work life behind them, starting a new job in a slower-paced organization, or setting up on their own. Others will want to stay with their organization but perhaps move to a less demanding job. Once these things have been considered and decided upon, it is time for the downshifter to make an action plan with a schedule which includes regular reassessment periods. -
80 τέ
τέ (Hom.+) enclitic particle (in the NT never elided to τʼ. In Mt three times, in Luke’s gosp. nine times, in John’s gosp. three times [‘always textually contestable’ B-D-F §443, 1], in Paul [quite predom. in Ro] more than twenty times, scarcely less oft. in Hb, in 1 Cl forty-three times, in Dg seven times, in Js twice, once each in Jd, Rv, 2 Cl, B. It is not found at all in Mk, Gal, Col, 1 and 2 Th, 1 and 2 Ti, Tit, 1, 2 and 3 J, 1 and 2 Pt, GJs. By far most freq. [about 150 times] in Ac (cp. the frequent usage in Polyb.). The ms. tradition oft. confuses τέ and δέ.—B-D-F §443f; Rdm.2 p. 5f, 37; Rob. index. p. 1285; Mlt.-Turner 338.① marker of close relationship between sequential states or events, and likewise, and so, so (B-D-F §443, 3; TestJob 24:1; 53:5; Just., A II, 4, 2) ἑτέροις τε λόγοις πλείοσιν διεμαρτύρατο and likewise … Ac 2:40 (here D has the poorer rdg. δέ). κατενύγησαν τὴν καρδίαν, εἶπόν τε …, and so they said vs. 37.—J 4:42; 6:18; Ac 4:33; 5:19, 35; 6:7, 12f al.; Ro 2:19; Hb 12:2; Jd 6.—The use of τέ to introduce a parenthesis is scarcely admissible; δέ is to be preferred: Ac 1:15; 4:13 (s. B-D-F §443, 1; 447, 7).ⓐ used alone, and: τέ thus connects single concepts, parts of clauses, or words (Just., A II, 11, 4; s. Kühner-G. II 241; Schwyzer II 574–76; Denniston 497–503) ἐν ἀγάπῃ πνεύματί τε πραΰτητος 1 Cor 4:21. θεοῦ ῥῆμα δυνάμεις τε μέλλοντος αἰῶνος Hb 6:5. Cp. 9:1. ἔκλασεν ἄρτον ὕδωρ τε προσήνεγκεν AcPl Ha 4, 4; relative clause ἅ τε Ἀριστίων … λέγουσιν Papias (2:4). Participles: συναχθέντες συμβούλιόν τε λαβόντες Mt 28:12; φοβούμενος τὸν θεὸν μαρτυρούμενός τε Ac 10:22; cp. Mt 27:48; Ac 2:33; 20:11; 28:23a; Hb 1:3; 6:4. Infinitives: ἁρπάσαι αὐτὸν ἐκ μέσου αὐτῶν ἄγειν τε Ac 23:10; cp. 11:26; 24:23; 27:21b; Eph 3:19.ⓑ τὲ … τέ, used as connecter of sentences and parts of sentences that are closely related to each other as … so, not only … but also (Kühner-G. II 243; Schwyzer II 573f; Denniston 503–5; Jos., Ant. 1, 92) μάρτυρα ὧν τε εἶδές με ὧν τε ὀφθήσομαί σοι Ac 26:16 (on the constr. s. ὁράω A1b). ἐάν τε γὰρ ζῶμεν, τῷ κυρίῳ ζῶμεν, ἐάν τε ἀποθνῄσκωμεν, τῷ κυρίῳ ἀποθνῄσκομεν for just as when we live, we live to the Lord, so also when we die, we die to the Lord Ro 14:8a. ἐάν τε οὖν ζῶμεν ἐάν τε ἀποθνῄσκωμεν, τοῦ κυρίου ἐσμέν so, not only if we live, but also if we die (i.e. whether we live or die) we belong to the Lord vs. 8b. Cp. Ac 2:46; 17:4; 26:10. τε γάρ ‘for the fact is that’ is one way of rendering this combination (X., Mem. 1, 1, 3; Just., D. 3, 5; Ath. 2, 4) Ro 1:26; 7:7; Hb 2:11.ⓒ w. the same mng. τὲ … καί (Jos., Bell. 2, 142, Ant. 1, 9) and τὲ καία. connecting concepts, usu. of the same kind or corresponding as opposites. In these uses τὲ καί can oft. be translated simply and: δῶρά τε καὶ θυσίας Hb 5:1. δεήσεις τε καὶ ἱκετηρίας vs. 7. ὀνειδισμοῖς τε καὶ θλίψεσιν 10:33. φόβητρά τε καὶ σημεῖα Lk 21:11b. Cp. 22:66; Ac 4:27; 26:3. ποιεῖν τε καὶ διδάσκειν Ac 1:1. ἀσφαλῆ τε καὶ βεβαίαν Hb 6:19. πάντῃ τε καὶ πανταχοῦ Ac 24:3. ὑμῶν τε καὶ ἐμοῦ Ro 1:12; cp. 1 Cor 1:2 v.l. παρά τε σοῦ κἀκείνων AcPlCor 1:5. πονηρούς τε καὶ ἀγαθούς Mt 22:10. ἄνδρες τε καὶ γυναῖκες Ac 8:12; 9:2; 22:4. Ἰουδαίοις τε καὶ Ἕλλησιν 1 Cor 1:24. μικρῷ τε καὶ μεγάλῳ Ac 26:22a. When used w. a noun that has the art. τέ comes after the latter: ὅ τε στρατηγὸς … καὶ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς Ac 5:24; cp. Lk 23:12; J 2:15; Ac 8:38; 17:10; 27:1; Hb 2:11. ἰχῶράς τε καὶ σκώληκας Papias (3:2). ψαλμῶν τε … καὶ ᾠδῶν AcPl Ha 7, 11.—τέ can be followed by more than one καί (Ar. 3, 1 ἡλίου τε καὶ σελήνης καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν στοιχείων; 4:1 ἀφθαρτός τε καὶ ἀναλλοίωτος καὶ ἀόρατος; Just., D. 126, 5; Libanius, Or. 2 p. 256, 6 F.) τήν τε Μαριὰμ καὶ τὸν Ἰωσὴφ καὶ τὸ βρέφος Lk 2:16. ἐσθίειν τε καὶ πίνειν καὶ μεθύσκεσθαι 12:45. Cp. Ac 1:8, 13; Hb 2:4; 9:2.—In 1 Cor 1:30 τὲ καί connects the second and third members of a series, and another καί joins the fourth one. Sim. Hb 11:32. τὲ καί doubled: Ἕλλησίν τε καὶ βαρβάροις, σοφοῖς τε καὶ ἀνοήτοις Ro 1:14. θηρίων τε καὶ πετεινῶν ἑρπετῶν τε καὶ ἐναλίων Js 3:7.—τὲ καὶ … τέ: ἐνώπιον ἐθνῶν τε καὶ βασιλέων υἱῶν τε Ἰσραήλ Ac 9:15. Cp. 26:10f. The τὲ καὶ … τὲ … καί of vs. 20 seems to be due to a textual error.β. infrequently connecting whole sentences (Mayser II/3, 160; 163f; 165) ἠνεῴχθησάν τε αἱ θύραι, καὶ πάντων τὰ δεσμὰ ἀνέθη Ac 16:26 v.l. καὶ …, καὶ … τὲ …, καί 2:2–4 v.l. τὲ …, καὶ …, καί 21:30.—On εἴτε s. εἰ 6o. On μήτε s. that entry.③ marker w. ascensive stress and serving without copulative force, even ἐάν τε γὰρ περισσότερόν τι καυχήσωμαι for suppose I (even) do boast a little too much (Goodsp.) 2 Cor 10:8; cp. Ro 7:7 (on Hellen. developments s. Rdm.2 5f; B-D-F §443, 3: w. suggestion of probable suppression of a second τε).—CRuigh, Antour de τέ epique, études sur la syntax grecque, Amsterdam ’70.—DELG. M-M. EDNT.
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