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ἐφίστημι, [dialect] Ion. [pref] ἐπ-:

A causal in [tense] pres., [tense] impf., [tense] fut., and [tense] aor. 1 (also in the later [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. ἐφέστᾰκα, ἐφεστάκειν [ᾰ], v. infr. 11.1, VI. 2):

I set, place upon,

τεῖχος τείχει Th.2.75

;

τι ἐπί τινος Pl.Criti. 116a

;

τι ἐπί τινι X.HG3.1.7

;

ὅρους ἐπὶ οἰκίαν D.41.6

: metaph.,

ἐ. τὴν ἐκεῖ μοῖραν βίῳ Pl.R. 498c

;

ἀνάγκην τινί D.H.1.16

.

II set over,

μ' Ἀπόλλων τῷδ' ἐπέστησεν τέλει A.Ag. 1202

;

φύλακ' ἐπέστησεν βοτ Id.Supp. 303

;

ἐ. τινὰ ὕπαρχόν τισι Hdt.5.27

;

τινὰ παιδαγωγόν τινι Pl. Alc.1.122b

, cf. X.Lac.2.1;

τινὰ πεντηκοντόρῳ Id.An.5.1.15

;

τινὰ τοῖς πράγμασι Isoc.2.27

;

τὸν νόμον Arist.Pol. 1292b28

;

ἐπὶ [συμμάχων] τινά Plb.2.65.9

;

ἐφεστάκει τινὰς πρὸς χρείαν Id.10.20.5

;

κύνα ἐπὶ ποίμνην D.26.22

;

τινὰ ἐπὶ τὰς εὐθύνας Id.18.112

: c. inf.,

βουλὴν ἐπιμελεῖσθαι τῆς εὐκοσμίας Isoc.7.37

:—[voice] Pass., to be appointed, instituted, PTeb.61 (b).358 (ii B. C.), etc.

2 bring in,

ἡ τύχη ἐπιστήσασα Ῥωμαίους Plb.15.20.6

; Φίλιππον ἐ. τοῖς πράγμασι to let him have a hand in the business, D.19.34.

3 bring in, cause, occasion,

κατάπληξίν τισι D.S.14.62

; κίνδυνον, ἀγῶνά τινι, App.Hann.55, Syr.10;

ἡ τύχη λοιμικὴν διάθεσιν ἐπέστησε Γαλάταις Plb.2.20.7

.

III set up, establish,

ἀγῶνα Hdt.1.167

, 6.38: c. acc. et inf., ordain, prescribe,

ὁ νόμος ἐφίστησι τὰ λοιπὰ κρίνειν τοὺς ἄρχοντας Arist.Pol. 1287a26

; ἐπιστήσατε quid facere debeamus, Plin.Ep.6.31.12.

IV set by or near to,

ἐπιστήσαντες κύκλῳ τὸ σῆμα ἱππέας Hdt.4.72

; esp. place in rear, of troops,

τὴν φάλαγγα τούτοις κατόπιν ἐ. Plb.1.33.6

, cf. 1.26. 14.

V stop, cause to halt,

ἐπιστῆσαι τὸ στράτευμα X.Cyr.4.2.18

; τὴν ὁδόν, τὴν πορείαν, D.S.17.112, Plu.Cim.1;

τοὺς ἱππέας τοῦ πρόσω Arr.An.5.16.1

; ἐ. τὴν ὁρμήν check it, Plb.16.34.2; τὴν διήγησιν interrupt it, Id.7.11.1; check,

ἔμμηνα Dsc.1.125

, cf. POxy.1088.20 (i A. D.): abs., ἐπιστήσας (sc. ἑαυτόν) having halted, X.An.1.8.15:—[voice] Pass., to be checked, stopped, PPetr.2p.62 (iii B. C.);

ἐὰν ἐφίστηται ἡ κοιλία Sor.1.122

.

VI ἐφίστημι τὴν διάνοιαν κατά τι, περί τινος, fix one's mind upon it, attend to it, Isoc.9.69, Arist.Metaph. 987b3, Thphr. Char.Prooem., etc.;

τὴν σκέψιν περί τινος Arist.Metaph. 1090a2

;

τὸν λόγον Id.Juv. 470b5

;

τὸν νοῦν τινι D.S.12.1

;

αὑτὸν ἐπιστήσας ἐπί τι Arist.Top. 135a26

: ἐπιστῆσαι abs., give attention,

τούτοις ἐπιστήσαντες Id.Mu. 391a26

;

περί τινος Id.GC 315b18

;

περί τι Id.HA 487a13

;

ἐπί τι Plb.1.65.5

, etc.; ἐπιστήσασι μᾶλλον λεκτέον one must speak with more care and accuracy, Arist.Pol. 1335b3, cf. EN 1144a22;

πότερον.. ἤ Jul.

ad Them.265b; ὅτι .. Sor.1.97 (hence ἐπίσταμαι, ἐπιστήμη, qq.v.).

2 c. acc. pers., arrest the attention of, Plu.TG17, cf. 2.17e, Gal.18(2).105; ἐπιστῆσαί τινα ἐπί τι call his attention to, Plb. 2.61.11, cf. 4.34.9; τοῦ καιροῦ τοῦ κατὰ τὴν διήγησιν ἐφεστακότος ἡμᾶς ἐπί τι having led us to.., Id.10.21.2, cf. 31.23.1: hence, object, Plot. 1.4.5.

B intr. in [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., ἐφίσταμαι, [tense] aor. 1 ἐπεστάθην [S.] Fr. [1127.5], E.Hipp. 819, IT 1375, etc., with [tense] pf., [tense] plpf. ([dialect] Aeol. [tense] plpf. [ per.] 3sg.

ἐπήστᾱκε Schwyzer 646.16

(Cyme, ii B. C.): [dialect] Dor. [tense] plpf. [ per.] 3pl. ἐφεστάκεον [ᾱ] SIG241.146 (Delph., iv B. C.)), and [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Act.: (the causal tenses are not found in Hom., the [voice] Med. or [voice] Pass. only in [tense] impf.

ἐφίστατο Il.11.644

; elsewh. always [tense] aor. 2 or [tense] pf. [voice] Act. with [dialect] Ep. inf.

ἐφεστάμεναι Od.24.380

):— stand upon,

τεῖχος.. ῥύατ' ἐφεσταότες Il.18.515

;

πύργῳ ἐφεστήκει 6.373

;

δίφρῳ ἐφεσταότος 17.609

, etc.;

ἐπέστη βηλῷ ἔπι λιθέῳ 23.201

;

ἡ.. ἐπισταθεῖσα ὀρθή Arist.Metaph. 1051a28

;

ἐπὶ τὰς.. σχεδίας Plb.3.46.8

.

2 to be imposed upon,

μόχθων τῶν ἐφεστώτων ἐμοί S.Tr. 1170

.

3 stand on the top or surface, τὸ ἐπιστάμενον [τοῦ γάλακτος], i. e. cream, Hdt.4.2;

λιπαρότητες ἄνω ἐφιστάμεναι Hp.Prog.12

; ἐ. καθάπερ ὀρρὸς [γάλακτι] Dsc.1.72; of vapour, form, Arist.Juv. 469b31.

II to be set over,

ἐφίσταται πύλαις A.Th. 538

;

οἷός τε πολλοῖς προβατίοις ἐφεστάναι Ar.V. 955

;

οἷοι νῷν ἐφεστᾶσι σκοποί S.Aj. 945

;

ἄρχοντες ἐφ' ἑκάστῳ μέρει ἐ. X. Hier.9.5

;

ἐπί τινος Pl.R. 460b

;

ἐπὶ τῆς πολιτείας D.19.298

: rarely c. gen.,

τὸν ἐπεστεῶτα τῆς διώρυχος Hdt.7.117

;

ὅσοι θεοῦ χρημάτων ἐφέστασαν E.Andr. 1098

: abs. in part., ὁ ἐφεστηκώς the person in authority, the officer in command, X.Oec.21.9; οἱ ἐφεστῶτες, [dialect] Ion. οἱ ἐπεστεῶτες, Hdt.2.148, S.Aj. 1072, X.Mem.3.5.19.

III stand by or near,

ὣς πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν Il.13.133

; ἐπ' ἄκρῳ χείλει ἐφεσταότες, ἐ. παρὰ τάφρῳ, 12.52, 199;

θύρῃσιν ἐφίστατο 11.644

; ἐπὶ τὰς πύλας, ἐπὶ τὰς θύρας, Hdt.3.77, Pl.Smp. 212d;

ἐπὶ τοῖς προθύροις Id.Phlb. 64c

; esp. of dreams or visions, appear to,

εὕδοντι ἐπέστη ὄνειρος Hdt.1.34

, cf. 7.14;

ὄναρ κεφαλῆφιν ἐπέστη Il.10.496

;

ἐπιστᾶσα τῆς νυκτός Isoc.10.65

;

ἄγγελος ἐπέστη αὐτοῖς Ev.Luc.2.9

: abs., stand by, Hdt.3.78;

πολλῶν ἐφεστώτων App.Syr.10

;

ἤμην ἐφεστώς Act.Ap.22.20

;

οἱ λέβητες ἐπεστεῶτες Hdt.1.59

;

ὁ ἀντίδικος ἐφέστηκε Pl.Tht. 172e

, cf. Aeschin.3.79; without hostile sense,

ἐπέστης S.OC 558

, cf. Ev.Luc.2.38, etc.; of troops, to be posted after or behind,

κατόπιν ἐ. τοῖς θηρίοις Plb.16.18.7

.

2 in hostile sense, stand against,

τὰ φρονέοντες ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν Il.15.703

, cf.5.624;

ἔνθα μένος πνείοντες ἐφέστασαν Od.22.203

, cf. 24.380; appear before, of an army,

ἐπὶ τῇ πόλι Hdt.4.203

;

ἐπὶ τὸ βασίλειον Isoc.9.58

; come upon suddenly or by surprise, Th.8.69;

ἐξαίφνης ἐπιστὰς τοῖς γιγνομένοις Isoc.8.41

, cf. D.6.5, Luc.DDeor.17.1;

εἰς τοὺς ὄχλους Isoc.18.9

; so of events, etc.,

αἰφνίδιος αὐτοῖς ἐ. ὄλεθρος 1 Ep.Thess.5.3

, cf. Ev.Luc.21.34;

διὰ τὸν ἐφεστῶτα ζόφον Plb.18.20.7

;

διὰ τὸν ὑετὸν τὸν ἐφεστῶτα Act.Ap.28.2

.

3 metaph., of events, spring upon one, occur,

πρίν μοι τύχη τοιάδ' ἐπέστη S.OT 777

, cf. Th.3.82; in [tense] pf., impend, be at hand,

τὸν ἐφεστηκότα κίνδυνον τῇ πόλει D.18.176

;

ὁ καιρός.. ἐφέστηκε 2 Ep.Ti.4.6

;

περὶ τοῦ βασιλέως.. ὁ λόγος ἐφέστηκε νῦν Arist.Pol. 1287a2

, cf. Metaph. 999a25; of a more remote future, to be in store, lie in wait for,

κῆρες ἐφεστᾶσιν θανάτοιο Il.12.326

.

IV halt, stop, as in a march,

ἄλλοτε καὶ ἄλλοτε ἐφιστάμενος X.An.2.4.26

(cf. A. V);

ἐπιστὰς περιέμεινα Pl.Smp. 172a

: c. gen.,

ἐ. τοῦ πλοῦ Th.2.91

.

V fix one's mind on, give one's attention to,

σφαγῇ E.Andr. 547

;

τῇ τρύγῃ PFlor.236.4

(iii A. D.);

ἐπί τι Isoc.10.29

, D.18.60;

τοῖς πράγμασιν.. ἐπιστάντες Id.4.12

; ἐπιστάς abs. (sc. τοῖς πράγμασι), Id.18.233;

διὰ ταῦτ' ἐγρήγορεν, ἐφέστηκεν Id.6.19

.

C [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Med. in causal sense, set up,

τὰς θύρας X.Ages.8.7

; set, post,

φρουροὺς ἐπεστησάμην Id.Cyr.8.2.19

; τέλος ἐπιστήσασθαι, Lat. finem imponere, Pl.Lg. 802a: [tense] pres. is once so used, τοῦ με τήνδ' ἐφίστασαι βάσιν; why dost thou cause me to halt? S.Tr. 339.

2 ἐπιστησάμενος, intr., having been ἐπιστάτης, IGRom.4.1265 ([place name] Thyatira).

φοβέω (φέβομαι ‘flee in terror’; Hom. et al.; Wsd 17:9; Jos., Ant. 14, 456), in our lit. only pass. φοβέομαι (Hom.+; OGI 669, 59; SIG 1268 II, 17; pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., Just.; Mel., P. 98, 746 al.; Ath. 20, 2; R. 21 p. 75, 1) impf. ἐφοβούμην; 1 fut. φοβηθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐφοβήθην (Plut., Brut. 1002 [40, 9]; M. Ant. 9, 1, 7; Jer 40:9; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 277; s. B-D-F §79).

① to be in an apprehensive state, be afraid, the aor. oft. in the sense become frightened

ⓐ intr., abs. (Iren. 1, 4, 2 [Harv. I 36, 4]) ἐφοβήθησαν σφόδρα they were terribly frightened (Ex 14:10; 1 Macc 12:52) Mt 17:6; 27:54. ἐπεστράφην φοβηθείς I turned around in terror Hv 4, 3, 7.—Mt 9:8; 14:30; 25:25; Mk 5:33; Ac 16:38. ἐφοβοῦντο γάρ for they were afraid Mk 16:8 (Mk 16:9–20 is now rarely considered a part of the original gospel of Mk, though many scholars doubt that the gosp. really ended w. the words ἐφ. γάρ. The original ending may have been lost; among the possible reasons given are the accidental loss of the last page of Mark’s own first copy [the same defect, at a very early stage, in the case of the 18th book of the Κεστοί of Jul. Africanus: WBauer, Orthodoxy etc. (Engl. tr. of 2d German ed. ’64) ’71, 159ff. S. also FKenyon, Papyrus Rolls and the Ending of St. Mk: JTS 40, ’39, 56f; CRoberts, The Ancient Book and the Ending of St. Mk: ibid. 253–57] or by purposeful suppression, perh. because it may have deviated fr. the other accounts of the resurrection [for the purposeful omission of the end of a document cp. Athen. 4, 61, 166d on the 10th book of Theopompus’ Philippica, ἀφʼ ἧς τινες τὸ τελευταῖον μέρος χωρίσαντες, ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν τὰ περὶ τῶν δημαγωγῶν. S. also Diog. L. 7, 34: a report of Isidorus of Pergamum on the systematic mutilation of books in the library there by Athenodorus the Stoic].—Those who conclude that nothing ever came after ἐφ. γάρ must either assume that the evangelist was prevented fr. finishing his work [Zahn et al.], or indeed intended to close the book w. these words [s. γάρ 1a]. For a short sentence, composed of a verb + γάρ s. also Epict. 3, 9, 19; 4, 8, 4; Artem. 4, 64; 1, 33 p. 35, 6; Plotinus, Ennead 5, 5, a treatise ending in γάρ [PvanderHorst, JTS 23, ’72, 121–24]; Musonius Rufus, Tr. XII; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 6, 7, 8; Libanius, Or. 53 p. 65, 20 F.; PMich 149 VI, 37 [II A.D.]. Among those favoring an ending w. γάρ: Wlh., Loisy, Lohmeyer ad loc.; ABauer, WienerStud 34, 1912, 306ff; LBrun, D. Auferst. Christi 1925, 10ff; OLinton, ThBl 8, 1929, 229–34; JCreed, JTS 31, 1930, 175–80; MGoguel, La foi à la résurr. de Jésus ’33, 176ff; HMosbech, Mkevangeliets Slutning: SEÅ 5, ’40, 56–73; WAllen, JTS 47, ’46, 46–49 [‘feel reverential awe’]; ibid. 48, ’47, 201–3. S. also EGoodspeed, Exp. 8th ser., 18, 1919, 155–60; reconstruction of the ‘lost’ ending, in Engl., by Goodsp. in his Introd. to the NT ’37, 156; HProbyn, Exp. 9th ser., 4, 1925, 120–25; RKevin, JBL 45, 1926, 81–103; MEnslin, ibid. 46, 1927, 62–68; HCadbury, ibid. 344f; MRist, ATR 14, ’32, 143–51; WKnox, HTR 35, ’42, 13ff; EHelzle, Der Schluss des Mk, ’59, diss. Tübingen; FDanker, CTM 38, ’67, 26f; JLuzarraga, Biblica 50, ’69, 497–510; KAland, MBlack Festschr., ’69, 157–80, NTEntwürfe, ’79, 246–83). φοβοῦμαι μᾶλλον I am all the more fearful IPhld 5:1. μὴ φοβηθῆτε do not be afraid Mt 10:31 v.l. (μή 1cεא). μὴ φοβοῦ, μὴ φοβεῖσθε you must no longer be afraid, stop being afraid (μή 1cγא) Mt 10:31; 14:27; 17:7; Mk 5:36; Lk 1:13, 30; 2:10; 5:10; 8:50; 12:7 al. LKöhler, D. Offenbarungsformel ‘Fürchte dich nicht!’: SchTZ 36, 1919, 33ff.—W. acc. of inner obj. (B-D-F §153; Rob. 468; Pla., Prot. 360b; Ael. Aristid. 30 p. 586 D.: φοβοῦμαι φόβον; Did., Gen. 230, 1; on LXX usage s. Johannessohn, Kasus 73) ὁ φόβος ὸ̔ν δεῖ σε φοβηθῆναι the fear which you must have Hm 7:1c. ἐφοβήθησαν φόβον μέγαν (Jon 1:10; 1 Macc 10:8; TestAbr. B 13 p. 117, 17f [Stone p. 82]; JosAs 6:1) they were very much afraid Mk 4:41; Lk 2:9. If the nouns are to be taken in the pass. sense, this is also the place for τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν (objective gen.) μὴ φοβηθῆτε 1 Pt 3:14 (cp. Is 8:12) and μὴ φοβούμεναι μηδεμίαν πτόησιν vs. 6 (πτόησις 2); s. 1bγ below.—A recognizable Hellenic expr. (cp. ὁ ἀπὸ τῶν πολεμίων φόβος=fear in the face of the enemy), though encouraged by OT usage (Lev 26:2; Dt 1:29; Jer 1:8, 17; Jdth 5:23; 1 Macc 2:62; 8:12; En 106:4; Helbing 29; B-D-F §149; Rob. 577) φοβ. ἀπό τινος be afraid of someone Mt 10:28a; Lk 12:4; 1 Cl 56:11 (Job 5:22).—Foll. by gen. absol. 56:10. Foll. by μή and the aor. subj. to denote that which one fears (Thu. 1, 36, 1; Aesop, Fab. 317 H.=356a P.; Alex. Aphr. 31, II/2 p. 203, 20 τὸν Ἀπόλλω φοβεῖσθαι μή τι παρελθῇ τούτων ἄπρακτον=Apollo is concerned [almost as much as ‘sees to it’] that nothing of this remains undone; Jos., Ant. 10, 8, Vi. 252) Ac 23:10; 27:17; ITr 5:1; Hs 9, 20, 2. Foll. by μήποτε (Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 2, 4 Jac. p. 1172, 30 φοβοῦμαι περὶ ὑμῶν, μήποτε; JosAs 7:3; ApcMos 16 al.): Hm 12, 5, 3. φοβηθῶμεν μήποτε δοκῇ τις Hb 4:1; μήπου (v.l. μήπως; ParJer 5:5) Ac 27:29; 2 Cor 11:3; 12:20. A notable feature is the prolepsis of the obj. (cp. Soph., Oed. R. 767; Thu. 4, 8, 7) φοβοῦμαι ὑμᾶς μήπως εἰκῇ κεκοπίακα εἰς ὑμᾶς I am afraid my work with you may be wasted Gal 4:11 (B-D-F §476, 3; Rob. 423).—W. inf. foll. be afraid to do or shrink from doing someth. (B-D-F §392, 1b.—X., An. 1, 3, 17 al.; Gen 19:30; 26:7; ApcMos 10:18) Mt 1:20; 2:22; Mk 9:32; Lk 9:45; 2 Cl 5:1.—φοβεῖσθαι abs. in the sense take care (Just., D. 78, 4) πλέον φοβεῖσθαι be more careful than usually ITr 4:1.

ⓑ trans. fear someone or someth.

α. pers. τινά someone (X., An. 3, 2, 19 al.; PGM 4, 2171; Num 21:34; Dt 3:2; Jos., Ant. 13, 26; Just., D. 83, 1) μὴ φοβηθῆτε αὐτούς Mt 10:26. Ἡρῴδης ἐφοβεῖτο τὸν Ἰωάννην Mt 6:20. τοὺς Ἰουδαίους J 9:22.—Gal 2:12; 2:5b (saying of Jesus). God (Did., Gen. 64, 15; Theoph. Ant. 1, 14 [p. 92, 11]) Mt 10:28b; Lk 12:5abc; 23:40; 2:5c (saying of Jesus). The crowd Mt 14:5; 21:26, 46; Mk 11:32; 12:12; Lk 20:19; 22:2; Ac 5:26 (foll. by μή). τὴν ἐξουσίαν (ἐξουσία 5a) Ro 13:3. The angel of repentance Hm 12, 4, 1; Hs 6, 2, 5. The Christian is to have no fear of the devil Hm 7:2a; 12, 4, 6f; 12, 5, 2.

β. animals (in imagery) μὴ φοβείσθωσαν τὰ ἀρνία τοὺς λύκους 2:5a (saying of Jesus, fr. an unknown source).

γ. things τὶ someth. (X., Hell. 4, 4, 8 al.; En 103:4; ApcEsdr 7:2 τὸν θάνατον; Just., D. 1, 5 κόλασιν; Ath., R. 21 p. 75, 1 οὐδέν; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 90; 2, 232) τὸ διάταγμα τοῦ βασιλέως Hb 11:23. τὸν θυμὸν τοῦ βασιλέως vs. 27. τὴν κρίσιν 2 Cl 18:2. τὸν ὄντως θάνατον Dg 10:7. φοβοῦμαι τὴν ὑμῶν ἀγάπην, μὴ … IRo 1:2. τὰ ὅπλα (in imagery) Hm 12, 2, 4.—1 Pt 3:14 and 6 belong here if the nouns in them are to be taken in an act. sense; s. 1a above.—Fear, avoid, shun τὶ someth. (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 41, 9 Δαρεῖος τὸ ἅρμα φοβηθείς) τὴν πλάνην τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν B 12:10. τὰ ἔργα τοῦ διαβόλου Hm 7:3ac.—AVStröm, Der Hirt des Hermas, Allegorie oder Wirklichkeit? Ntl. Sem. Uppsala 3, ’36.

② to have a profound measure of respect for, (have) reverence, respect, w. special ref. to fear of offending

ⓐ God: fear (differently 1bα) in the sense reverence (Aeschyl., Suppl. 893 δαίμονας; Isocr. 1, 16 τοὺς μὲν θεοὺς φοβοῦ, τοὺς δὲ γονεῖς τίμα; Pla., Leg. 11, 927a; Lysias 9, 17; 32, 17; Plut., De Superstit. 2, 165b; LXX; PsSol 4:21; TestJob 43:9 [τὸν κύριον]; JosAs 2:5 [deities]; Philo, Migr. Abr. 21 [after Gen 42:18]. Cp. PTebt 59, 10 [II B.C.] φοβεῖσθαι καὶ σέβεσθαι τὸ ἱερόν) Lk 1:50 (anticipates the οἱ φοβούμενοι in Ac: H-JKlauck, NTS 43, ’97, 134–39); 18:2, 4 (was Ex 23:1–3 his motto: even God could not bribe him?); Ac 10:35; 1 Pt 2:17; Rv 14:7; 19:5; 1 Cl 21:7; 23:1; 28:1; 45:6; B 10:10f (τὸν κύριον); 19:2, 7; Hm 1:2; 7:1, 4f; Hs 5, 1, 5; 8, 11, 2; D 4:10. Also τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θεοῦ (2 Esdr 11) Rv 11:18.—φοβούμενοι τὸν θεόν as a t.t.=σεβόμενοι τὸν θεόν (σέβω 1b; t.t. disputed by MWilcox, JSNT 13, ’81, 102–22; cp. TFinn, CBQ 47, ’85, 75–84; ILevinskaya, The Book of Acts in Its Diaspora Setting [BAFCS V] ’96, 51–126; BWander, Gottesfürchtige und Sympathisanten [WUNT 104] ’98, esp. 80–86; 180–203) Ac 13:16, 26 (Just., D. 10, 4 al.; sing. 10:2, 22).—τὸν κύριον (PsSol 2:33; 3:12 al.; JosAs 8:9) Christ: Col 3:22.—WAllen (s. 1a above) interprets Mk 16:8 to mean reverence for the divine.

ⓑ pers. who command respect (Plut., Galba 1054 [3, 4]; Herodian 3, 13, 2; Lev 19:3 φοβ. πατέρα καὶ μητέρα; Jos., Ant. 19, 345): of a wife ἵνα φοβῆται τὸν ἄνδρα Eph 5:33. τὸν ἐπίσκοπον IEph 6:1.—RAC VIII 661–99; TRE XI 756–59; Schmidt, Syn. III 507–36. DELG s.v. φέβομαι II. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.