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1 sodium-reduced
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > sodium-reduced
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2 sodium-reduced
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3 sodium-reduced
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4 reduced
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5 sodium superoxide NaO2 may be reduced by sodium to peroxides NanO2 (n=2-4), containing O22- stabilized by an equatorial Ma cage
Общая лексика: супероксид натрия NaO2 может быть восстановлен натрием до пероксидов NanO2 (n=2-4), содержащих O22-, стабилизированный экУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > sodium superoxide NaO2 may be reduced by sodium to peroxides NanO2 (n=2-4), containing O22- stabilized by an equatorial Ma cage
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6 sodium superoxide NaO2 may be reduced by sodium to peroxides NanO2 , containing O22- stabilized by an equatorial Ma cage
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > sodium superoxide NaO2 may be reduced by sodium to peroxides NanO2 , containing O22- stabilized by an equatorial Ma cage
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7 reduced sodium
nFOOD sodio reducido m -
8 натриетермический
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > натриетермический
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9 натриетермический
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10 натриетермический
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11 натриетермический
sodium-reduced хим.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > натриетермический
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12 Hall, Charles Martin
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 6 December 1863 Thompson, Ohio, USAd. 27 December 1914 USA[br]American metallurgist, inventor of the first feasible electrolytic process for the production of aluminium.[br]The son of a Congregationalist minister, Hall was educated at Oberlin College. There he was instructed in chemistry by Professor F.F.Jewett, a former student of the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler, who encouraged Hall to believe that there was a need for a cheap process for the manufacture of aluminium. After graduating in 1885, Hall set to work in his private laboratory exploring the method of fused salt electrolysis. On Wednesday 10 February 1886 he found that alumina dissolved in fused cryolite "like sugar in water", and that the bath so produced was a good conductor of electricity. He contained the solution in a pure graphite crucible which also acted as an efficient cathode, and by 16 February 1886 had produced the first globules of metallic aluminium. With two backers, Hall was able to complete his experiments and establish a small pilot plant in Boston, but they withdrew after the US Patent Examiners reported that Hall's invention had been anticipated by a French patent, filed by Paul Toussaint Héroult in April 1886. Although Hall had not filed until July 1886, he was permitted to testify that his invention had been completed by 16 February 1886 and on 2 April 1889 he was granted a seventeen-year monopoly in the United States. Hall now had the support of Captain A.E. Hunt of the Pittsburgh Testing Institute who provided the capital for establishing the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, which by 1889 was selling aluminium at $1 per pound compared to the $15 for sodium-reduced aluminium. Further capital was provided by the banker Andrew Mellon (1855–1937). Hall then turned his attention to Britain and began negotiations with Johnson Matthey, who provided land on a site at Patricroft near Manchester. Here the Aluminium Syndicate, owned by the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, began to produce aluminium in July 1890. By this time the validity of Hall's patent was being strongly contested by Héroult and also by the Cowles brothers, who attempted to operate the Hall process in the United States. Hall successfully sued them for infringement, and was confirmed in his patent rights by the celebrated ruling in 1893 of William Howard Taft, subsequently President of the USA. In 1895 Hall's company changed its name to the Pittsburgh Aluminium Company and moved to Niagara Falls, where cheap electrical power was available. In 1903 a legal compromise ended the litigation between the Hall and Héroult organizations. The American rights in the invention were awarded to Hall, and the European to Héroult. The Pittsburgh Aluminium Company became the Aluminium Company of America on 1 January 1907. On his death he left his estate, worth about $45 million, for the advancement of education.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChemical Society, London, Perkin Medal 1911.Further ReadingH.N.Holmes, 1930, "The story of aluminium", Journal of Chemical Education. E.F.Smith, 1914, Chemistry in America.ASD -
13 Héroult, Paul Louis Toussaint
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1863 Thury-Harcourt, Caen, Franced. 9 May 1914 Antibes, France[br]French metallurigst, inventor of the process of aluminium reduction by electrolysis.[br]Paul Héroult, the son of a tanner, at the age of 16, while still at school in Caen, read Deville's book on aluminium and became obsessed with the idea of developing a cheap way of producing this metal. After his family moved to Gentillysur-Bièvre he studied at the Ecole Sainte-Barbe in Paris and then returned to Caen to work in the laboratory of his father's tannery. His first patent, filed in February and granted on 23 April 1886, described an invention almost identical to that of C.M. Hall: "the electrolysis of alumina dissolved in molten cryolite into which the current is introduced through suitable electrodes. The cryolite is not consumed." Early in 1887 Héroult attempted to obtain the support of Alfred Rangod Pechiney, the proprietor of the works at Salindres where Deville's process for making sodium-reduced aluminium was still being operated. Pechiney persuaded Héroult to modify his electrolytic process by using a cathode of molten copper, thus making it possible produce aluminium bronze rather than pure aluminium. Héroult then approached the Swiss firm J.G.Nehe Söhne, ironmasters, whose works at the Falls of Schaffhausen obtained power from the Rhine. They were looking for a new metallurgical process requiring large quantities of cheap hydroelectric power and Héroult's process seemed suitable. In 1887 they established the Société Metallurgique Suisse to test Héroult's process. Héroult became Technical Director and went to the USA to defend his patents against those of Hall. During his absence the Schaffhausen trials were successfully completed, and on 18 November 1888 the Société Metallurgique combined with the German AEG group, Oerlikon and Escher Wyss, to establish the Aluminium Industrie Aktiengesellschaft Neuhausen. In the early electrolytic baths it was occasionally found that arcs between the bath surface and electrode could develop if the electrodes were inadvertently raised. From this observation, Héroult and M.Killiani developed the electric arc furnace. In this, arcs were intentionally formed between the surface of the charge and several electrodes, each connected to a different pole of the AC supply. This furnace, the prototype of the modern electric steel furnace, was first used for the direct reduction of iron ore at La Praz in 1903. This work was undertaken for the Canadian Government, for whom Héroult subsequently designed a 5,000-amp single-phase furnace which was installed and tested at Sault-Sainte-Marie in Ontario and successfully used for smelting magnetite ore.[br]Further ReadingAluminium Industrie Aktiengesellschaft Neuhausen, 1938, The History of the Aluminium-Industrie-Aktien-Gesellschaft Neuhausen 1888–1938, 2 vols, Neuhausen.C.J.Gignoux, Histoire d'une entreprise française. "The Hall-Héroult affair", 1961, Metal Bulletin (14 April):1–4.ASDBiographical history of technology > Héroult, Paul Louis Toussaint
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14 Percy, John
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 23 March 1817 Nottingham, Englandd. 19 June 1889 London, England[br]English metallurgist, first Professor of Metallurgy at the School of Mines, London.[br]After a private education, Percy went to Paris in 1834 to study medicine and to attend lectures on chemistry by Gay-Lussac and Thenard. After 1838 he studied medicine at Edinburgh, obtaining his MD in 1839. In that year he was appointed Professor of Chemistry at Queen's College, Birmingham, moving to Queen's Hospital at Birmingham in 1843. During his time at Birmingham, Percy became well known for his analysis of blast furnace slags, and was involved in the manufacture of optical glass. On 7 June 1851 Percy was appointed Metallurgical Professor and Teacher at the Museum of Practical Geology established in Jermyn Street, London, and opened in May 1851. In November of 1851, when the Museum became the Government (later Royal) School of Mines, Percy was appointed Lecturer in Metallurgy. In addition to his work at Jermyn Street, Percy lectured on metallurgy to the Advanced Class of Artillery at Woolwich from 1864 until his death, and from 1866 he was Superintendent of Ventilation at the Houses of Parliament. He served from 1861 to 1864 on the Special Committee on Iron set up to examine the performance of armour-plate in relation to its purity, composition and structure.Percy is best known for his metallurgical text books, published by John Murray. Volume I of Metallurgy, published in 1861, dealt with fuels, fireclays, copper, zinc and brass; Volume II, in 1864, dealt with iron and steel; a volume on lead appeared in 1870, followed by one on fuels and refractories in 1875, and the first volume on gold and silver in 1880. Further projected volumes on iron and steel, noble metals, and on copper, did not materialize. In 1879 Percy resigned from his School of Mines appointment in protest at the proposed move from Jermyn Street to South Kensington. The rapid growth of Percy's metallurgical collection, started in 1839, eventually forced him to move to a larger house. After his death, the collection was bought by the South Kensington (later Science) Museum. Now comprising 3,709 items, it provides a comprehensive if unselective record of nineteenth-century metallurgy, the most interesting specimens being those of the first sodium-reduced aluminium made in Britain and some of the first steel produced by Bessemer in Baxter House. Metallurgy for Percy was a technique of chemical extraction, and he has been criticized for basing his system of metallurgical instruction on this assumption. He stood strangely aloof from new processes of steel making such as that of Gilchrist and Thomas, and tended to neglect early developments in physical metallurgy, but he was the first in Britain to teach metallurgy as a discipline in its own right.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1847. President, Iron and Steel Institute 1885, 1886.Bibliography1861–80, Metallurgy, 5 vols, London: John Murray.Further ReadingS.J.Cackett, 1989, "Dr Percy and his metallurgical collection", Journal of the Hist. Met. Society 23(2):92–8.RLH -
15 reactor
1) хим. реактор, реакционный аппарат4) катушка индуктивности; дроссель; элемент с реактивным сопротивлением5) бтх ферментёр; реактор6) авто нейтрализатор токсичности•-
adiabatic reactor
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adjustable reactor
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air-cored reactor
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air reactor
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air-cooled reactor
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air-lift loop reactor
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annular biological reactor
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annular-cooling-space reactor
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arc-furnace reactor
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backmix-plug-flow reactor
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deuterium reactor
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development reactor
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differential-type tubular flaw reactor
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differential tubular flaw reactor
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direct-cycle reactor
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earthing reactor
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pebble-bed reactor
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petal-like nuclear reactor
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source reactor
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thyristor-controlled reactor
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tokamak power reactor
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transpiration-cooled reactor
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tubular reactor
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Universities research reactor
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upflow reactor
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uranium reactor
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vapor-heated reactor
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vortex reactor
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water-cooled reactor
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water-moderated reactor
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zero-power reactor -
16 супероксид натрия NaO2 может быть восстановлен натрием до пероксидов NanO2 (n =2-4), содержащих O22-, стабилизированный эк
General subject: sodium superoxide NaO2 may be reduced by sodium to peroxides NanO2 (n =2-4), containing O22- stabilized by an equatorial Ma cageУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > супероксид натрия NaO2 может быть восстановлен натрием до пероксидов NanO2 (n =2-4), содержащих O22-, стабилизированный эк
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17 супероксид натрия NaO2 может быть восстановлен натрием до пероксидов NanO2 , содержащих O22-, стабилизированный эк
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > супероксид натрия NaO2 может быть восстановлен натрием до пероксидов NanO2 , содержащих O22-, стабилизированный эк
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18 SDS-PAGE
1) Сельское хозяйство: Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis2) Генетика: Аббревиатура метода электрофореза в полиакриламидном геле (в присутствии додецилсульфата натрия)3) Фармация: (reduced, non-reduced) электрофорез в полиакриламидном геле в присутствии додецилсульфата натрия (в восстанавливающих и невосстанавливающих условиях) -
19 электрофорез в полиакриламидном геле в присутствии додецилсульфата натрия
2) Immunology: SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis3) Pharmacy: (в восстанавливающих и невосстанавливающих условиях) SDS-PAGE (reduced, non-reduced)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > электрофорез в полиакриламидном геле в присутствии додецилсульфата натрия
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20 путём
•To project the image of the slit of the lamp housing onto the slit of the multiplier by way of reflection from the grating,...
•The moving air acquires water from the land through evaporation and transpiration.
•This is accomplished by increasing the preload.
•Harris process is a process for softening lead by the use of salts of sodium.
•The relay controls large values of current and power through the use (or utilization) of a special cathode tube.
•The wave will reach the detector by way of the more direct route.
•These data can be obtained through long-term observation.
•The most important commercial synthesis of anthranilic acid is via the Hoffmann degradation of...
•Solid state bonds can be achieved reliably with ultrasonic welding.
•When androgens are produced by this pathway in the adrenal, one additional reaction occurs.
•Moisture transport occurs by water vapour diffusion.
•Friction power can only be reduced at the expense of increasing the pumping power.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > путём
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См. также в других словарях:
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Sodium hydroxide — Sodium hydroxide … Wikipedia
Sodium fluoroacetate — Sodium fluoroacetate … Wikipedia
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Sodium phosphide — Other names sodium phosphide, common trisodiophosphine … Wikipedia
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