silvanus

casānicus, a, um (casa), zur Hütte (zum Hause) gehörig, Haus-, Silvanus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 9, 2100.

1. Cyparissus, ī, m. u. f. (Κυπάρισσος), I) m., ein geliebter Knabe des Apollo od. Silvanus, in einen Zypressenbaum verwandelt, Ov. met. 10, 121 sqq.; vgl. Serv. Verg. georg. 1, 20 u. Aen. 3, 680. – II) f., Stadt in Phocis am Parnassus, in der Nähe von Delphi, Stat. Theb. 7, 344.

dendrophorus (dendroforus), ī, Genet. Plur. ōrum u. ûm, m. (δενδροφόρος), der Baumzweige od. -stämmchen Tragende, I) Beiname des Silvanus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 641; vgl. Serv. Verg. georg. 1, 20. – II) Mittglied eines Priesterkollegiums, das zu Ehren der Magna Mater Baumzweige od. mit der Wurzel Herausgerissene Baumstämmchen feierlich herumtrug, Cod. Theod. 16, 10, 20. § 2. Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 30973. – III) ein Holzkünstler, Zimmermann, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 29691, 4. Cod. Theod. 14, 8, 1.

Dēverra, ae, f. (deverro), die Göttin des Ausfegens, das für das Haus einer Wöchnerin als Schutzmittel gegen den Silvanus betrachtet wurde, damit dieser nicht in das Haus eindringe und Wöchnerin od. Kind quäle, Varro fr. b. Augustin. de civ. dei 6, 9, 2. p. 264, 3 D.² Vgl. Voß Verg. ecl. 10, 24.

Intercīdōna, ae, f. (intercīdo), eine der drei Schutzgottheiten (Intercidona, Pilumnus u. Deverra) des Hauses einer Wöchnerin, die als Schutz gegen den Silvanus betrachtet wurden. Um diesen Schutz sinnbildlich auszudrücken, gingen drei Männer des Nachts um die Wohnung der Wöchnerin: der eine hieb mit einem Beile in die Schwelle, der andere stieß darauf mit einer Mörserkeule, der dritte fegte sie mit dem Besen, damit durch diese Sinnbilder der Kultur (denn die Bäume fällt man nicht ohne Beil, das Mehl bereitet man nicht ohne Mörserkeule, die Früchte häuft man nicht ohne Besen) Silvan abgeschreckt werde, des Nachts in das Haus zu dringen und die Frau zu quälen, Varro b. Augustin. de civ. dei 6, 9, 2. p. 264, 2 D.²; vgl. Preller Römische Mythologie³ 1, 376 f.

lactifer, fera, ferum (lac u. fero), Milch tragend, Silvanus, Corp. inscr. Latin. 5, 164.*

Mārs, Mārtis, m. (Mavors u. Mavortius, w. s.; archaist. Dat. Martei, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 531, Marte, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 62), I) Mars, A) eig., einer der dii consentes, die die Elemente beherrschen u. die Jahreszeiten herbeiführen, weshalb das alte röm. Jahr nach der Einteilung des Romulus, des Sohnes des Mars, mit dem Monate des Mars (dem Martius = März) beginnt, s. Ov. fast. 3, 73 sqq. – dann bes. Gott der kriegerischen Kraft u. des Kriegsgetümmels, dah. ferus, Ov. fast. 4, 25. – Als Vater des Romulus wird er als Stammvater des röm. Volkes betrachtet, s. Cic. Phil. 4, 5. – Zu seinem Dienste waren die Salier bestimmt, Liv. 1, 20, 4. – Geopfert wurden ihm Pferde, Paul. ex Fest. 81, 16, u. Stiere, Ov. her. 6, 10. Macr. sat. 3, 10. § 4. – Beinamen sind M. Silvanus, M. pater, als Gott der Herden u. Feldgott, Cato r. r. 83 u. 141: als Kriegsgott M. Gradivus, der im Kampf Voranschreitende, Liv. 1, 20, 4 (so auch pater od. rex Gradivus, Verg. Aen. 3, 35; 10, 542): M. Ultor, Suet. Aug. 21, 2. – B) meton.: 1) = Kriegsgetümmel, Kampf, Schlacht, a) eig.: Hectoreus, mit Hektor, Ov.: parentalis, Kampfspiel zu Ehren des toten Erzeugers, Ov.: apertus, offene Feldschlacht, Ov.: Actiacus, Schlacht bei Aktium, Plin.: quos amisimus cives, eos Martis vis perculit, non ira victoriae, Cic. Marc. 17: invadunt Martem,

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beginnen das Gefecht, den Kampf, Verg.: Martem accendere cantu, zum Gefecht entflammen, Verg.: suo Marte cadunt, sie fallen durch ihren eigenen Kampf, d.i. im K. miteinander, Ov.: ebenso femineo Marte cadere, im K. mit einem Weibe, Ov.: alieno Marte, durch Kampf mit einem fremden Volke, Curt. – dah. sprichw., suo (nostro, vestro) Marte, auf eigene Faust, auf eigene Hand u. Gefahr, selbständig, Cic. (s. Heine Cic. de off. 3, 34). – insbes., die Kampfart, equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare, auf die ihm eigene u. auf fremde Art (als Fußgänger), Liv. 3, 62, 9. – b) übtr., v. gerichtl. Kampf (Streit), forensis, Ov. – 2) das Kriegsglück, der Ausgang der Schlacht, anceps, Liv.: aequo Marte, Liv.: proelium pari Marte initur, Hirt. b. G.: pari Marte pugnabant, Curt.: M. belli communis, Cic. u. Liv. (vgl. Halm Cic. Sest. 12. Weißenb. Liv. 5, 12, 1). – 3) die Kriegswut, terribili Marte ululare, Plin. 26, 18. – 4) der kriegerische Geist oder Mut, die Tapferkeit, si patrii quid Martis habes, Verg.: cedent Marti Dorica castra meo, Ov.: nec sunt mihi Marte secundi, Ov. – II) übtr., Mars, ein Planet, stella Martis, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 53. Plin. 2, 60: sidus Martis, Plin. 2, 34. – Dav. abgeleitet: Mārtiālis u. Mārtius u. Mārtiaticus u. Mārtulus, w. s.

potēns, entis, PAdi. (possum), I) einer Sache mächtig = etw. vermögend, könnend, A) im allg.: efficiendi, Quint.: neque iubendi neque vetandi, imstande zu usw., Tac.: m. folg. Infin., Enn. ann. 333. Manil. 5, 168. Sil. 11, 594 sq. Ulp. dig. 16, 2, 10. § 1. Apul. met. 1, 8. – B) insbes.: 1) zu etwas fähig, armorum tenendorum, Liv.: regni, Liv.: neque pugnae neque fugae, Liv. – 2) mächtig, einflußreich, civis, civitas, Cic.: duo potentissimi reges, Cic.: potentissimus eius (generis humani) optimusque, das m. u. b. Glied desselben, Sen.: potens apud Afros decurio, Capit.: potens apud aliquem potentem, Sen.: pot. nobilitate, Ov., pecuniā, Tac.: centum oppidis potens Crete, Hor. – p. apud filium, Suet.: fortuna per omnia humana, maxime in res bellicas potens, von großem Einfluß (von großer Bedeutung), Liv. 9, 17, 3. – subst., ein Mächtiger, ein Großer, Sen. ep. 108, 5. Phaedr. 1, 5, 1; 1, 24, 1; 3, 5, 6: potens u. potentior, Ggstz. inops, Liv. 2, 3, 4 u. 9, 1, 8: Plur., Cic. ep. 9, 16, 5. Sen. de const. sap. 4, 1. Phaedr. 1, 30, 1 u. 2, 6, 1: Ggstz. inopes, Sall. hist. fr. 4, 61 (19), 17: Ggstz. humiles, Lact. 5, 14, 19. – 3) mächtig = tüchtig, stark, v. Pers., adulescens ingenio potens, Sen.: accusator potentior iure, Quint.: orator potentissimus, ein gewaltiger, Capitol. – m. ad u. Akk., postquam ad id parum potentes (nicht mächtig genug) erant, Liv.

————

9, 26, 16: nec legatus praetorius ad cohibendum potens, unvermögend zu usw., Tac. Agr. 7 extr. – m. in u. Abl., potentior in persuadendo, Lact.: in affectibus potentissimus, Quint. – m. Genet., fandi potentes, Auson. Mos. 400: divini (in der Weissagekunst), Apul. met. 9, 29: ambulandi potentissimus, ein tüchtiger Fußgänger, Boëth. cons. phil. 4, 2. p. 76, 2 ed. Obbar. – v. lebl. Subjj. = kräftig, wirksam, stark, durchschlagend, quaecumque herba potens ad opem, Ov. her. 5, 147: herba p. adversus ranas, Plin.: nihil est potentius auro, Ov.: verba, Ov.: odor potentissimus, Plin.: arma potentiora, Liv. – v. Beweisen = triftig, hoc argumentum parum potens est, Sen.: potentissima argumenta, Quint. – 4) einer Sache mächtig, über etwas herrschend, von etwas Herr, Herrscher, Beherrscher, potentes rerum suarum et urbis, Liv.: diva p. Cypri, von der Venus, Hor.: di tempestatum potentes, Verg.: Silvanus p. nemorum, Calp.: Iuppiter O. M. tempestatium divinarum potens, Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 2609. – dum liber, dum p. mei sum, unabhängig, mein eigener Herr, Liv.: ex quo sui p. fuerit, Liv. – bildl., potens sui (= εγκρατώς εαυτοῦ, αυτάρκης), sich selbst beherrschend, mäßig, genügsam, Hor.: non p. mei eram; außer mir, Curt.: potens corporis, Herr über, Curt.: p. mentis, des Verstandes mächtig, Ov.: p. irae, Herr über seinen Zorn, Liv.: p. imperii, Herr über der Kommando, dem die Solda-

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ten gehorchen, Liv.: p. consilii, Herr über seinen Entschluß, Liv.: animal p. leti, das töten kann, Lucan. – absol., mea est p., voll Anspruch, gebieterisch, Ter. heaut. 227 die Hdschrn. u. älteren Ausgg. (Bentley petax, Fleckeisen impotens, Wagner petens). – II) der etwas erlangt hat, A) eig.: voti, teilhaft, Ov.: pacis, Plaut.: iussi, der den Befehl vollzogen hat, Ov. – B) übtr., glücklich, dem es nach Wunsche geht, in amore, Catull.: parvo potens Fabricius, bei wenigem reich (zur Bezeichnung der Genügsamkeit), Verg.

Silvānae, ārum, f., s. Silvanus a. E.

Sylvānus, s. Silvanus.

* * *

fĕrŭla, ae, f., the plant fennel-giant, Ferula, Linn., in the pith of which Prometheus is feigned to have preserved the fire which he stole from heaven.

Lit., Plin. 13, 22, 42, § 122; 7, 56, 57, § 198; Hyg. Fab. 144; Serv. Verg. E. 6, 42.—

Transf.

The thin or slender branch of a tree, Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 152.—

A staff, walkingstick (for syn. cf.: baculum, bacillum, scipio, fustis;

virga),

Plin. 13, 22, 42, § 123.—

A whip, rod, to punish slaves or schoolboys, Hor. S. 1, 3, 120; Juv. 6, 479; Mart. 14, 80; 10, 62, 10; Juv. 1, 15; Mart. Cap. 3, § 224;

for driving draught cattle,

Ov. M. 4, 26; cf. id. A. A. 1, 546.—

As an attribute of Silvanus, Verg. E. 10, 25.—

A splint for broken bones, Cels. 8, 10, 1.—

The young stag's horn, Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 117.

horrĭdus, a, um, adj. [horreo], standing on end, sticking out, rough, shaggy, bristly, prickly:

non hac barbula, qua ista delectatur, sed illa horrida, quam in statuis antiquis et imaginibus videmus,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33:

caesaries,

Ov. M. 10, 139:

pluma,

id. Am. 2, 6, 5:

apes horridi pili,

Col. 9, 3, 1; cf.:

apes horridae aspectu,

Plin. 11, 18, 19, § 59:

sus,

Verg. G. 4, 407; cf.:

videar tibi amarior herbis, Horridior rusco,

id. E. 7, 42:

densis hastilibus horrida myrtus,

id. A. 3, 23; cf.:

arbor spinis,

Plin. 12, 15, 34, § 67:

horrida siccae silva comae,

Juv. 9, 12. —

Transf., in gen., rough, rude, rugged, wild, savage, horrid.

Lit.:

horrida signis chlamys,

Val. Fl. 5, 558 (for which:

aspera signis pocula,

Verg. A. 9, 263:

membra videres Horrida paedore,

Lucr. 6, 1269:

pecudis jecur horridum et exile,

Cic. Div. 2, 13, 30:

horrida villosa corpora veste tegant,

Tib. 2, 3, 75:

pastor,

Ov. M. 1, 514:

Ilia cultu,

id. Am. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

Acestes in jaculis et pelle Libystidis ursae,

Verg. A. 5, 37:

Silvanus,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 22: Africa terribili tremit horrida terra tumultu, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 153 Müll. (Ann. v. 311 Vahl.); cf.:

Aetnensis ager et campus Leontinus sic erat deformis atque horridus, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47 fin.:

horridior locus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 83:

silva fuit, late dumis atque ilice nigra Horrida,

Verg. A. 9, 382:

sedes Taenari,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 10:

argumenta, velut horrida et confragosa, vitantes,

Quint. 5, 8, 1:

inde senilis Hiems tremulo venit horrida passu,

Ov. M. 15, 212; cf.:

cum Juppiter horridus austris Torquet aquosam hiemem,

Verg. A. 9, 670:

bruma,

id. G. 3, 442:

December,

Mart. 7, 36, 5:

stiria,

Verg. G. 3, 366:

grando,

id. ib. 1, 449:

tempestas,

Hor. Epod. 13, 1; Varr. ap. Plin. 18, 35, 79, § 349:

fluctus,

Hor. Epod. 10, 3; cf.:

aequora,

id. C. 3, 24, 40.— Poet.: si premerem ventosas horridus Alpes, qs. enveloped in horror, shuddering, Ov. Am. 2, 16, 19.—Of taste:

sapor,

harsh, raw, Plin. 34, 13, 33, § 129; cf. id. 13, 4, 9, § 43:

ruta silvestris horrida ad effectum est,

id. 20, 13, 61, § 131: (litterae) succedunt tristes et horridae... in hoc ipso frangit multo fit horridior (littera sexta nostrarum), Quint. 12, 10, 28 sq. —

Esp., with dishevelled hair:

si magna Asturici cecidit domus, horrida mater,

Juv. 3, 212:

paelex,

id. 2, 57.—

Trop.

Rough in character or manners, rude, blunt, stern, unpolished, uncouth:

huncine hominem te amplexari tam horridum,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 41:

ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

Cic. Brut. 31, 117; cf.:

vir paulo horridior et durior,

Plin. Ep. 3, 3, 5: spernitur orator bonus, horridus miles amatur, Enn. ap. Cic. Mur. 14, 30 (Ann. v. 273 Vahl.):

non ille, quamquam Socraticis madet Sermonibus, te negliget horridus,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 10:

fidens juventus horrida bracchiis,

id. ib. 3, 4, 50:

Germania,

id. ib. 4, 5, 26:

gens,

Verg. A. 7, 746:

horridus irā (Boreas), etc.,

Ov. M. 6, 685:

vita,

Cic. Quint. 30, 93:

virtus,

Sil. 11, 205; Stat. Th. 5, 172:

aspera, tristi, horrida oratione,

Cic. Or. 5, 20; cf.:

horridiora verba,

id. Brut. 17, 68:

sermo,

Quint. 9, 4, 3:

quaedam genera dicendi horridiora,

id. 12, 10, 10:

numerus Saturnius,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 157:

ita de horridis rebus nitida est oratio tua,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 51:

(antiquorum imitatores) fient horridi atque jejuni,

Quint. 2, 5, 21.—

With the predominating idea of an effect produced, causing tremor or horror, terrible, frightful, horrid (rare, and mostly poet. for the class. horribilis): horridiore aspectu esse, * Caes. B. G. 5, 14, 2; cf. in a Greek construction with an inf.:

et desit si larga Ceres, tunc horrida cerni,

Luc. 3, 347:

turba horrida aspici,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 19:

vis horrida teli,

Lucr. 3, 170:

acies,

Verg. A. 10, 408:

castra,

id. E. 10, 23:

proelia,

id. G. 2, 282:

arma,

Ov. M. 1, 126:

virga (mortis),

Hor. C. 1, 24, 16:

fata,

Verg. A. 11, 96:

jussa,

id. ib. 4, 378:

paupertas,

Lucr. 6, 1282:

aquilae ac signa, pulverulenta illa et cuspidibus horrida,

Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 23.— Hence, adv.: horrĭdē (acc. to II. B.), roughly, savagely, severely, sternly:

vixit semper inculte atque horride,

Cic. Quint. 18, 59:

horride inculteque dicere,

id. Or. 9, 28; cf. Quint. 10, 2, 17:

ornamentis utetur horridius,

Cic. Or. 25, 86: alloqui mitius aut horridius. Tac. H. 1, 82.

līnĭfer, fĕri, m. [linum-fero].

Flaxbearing:

arbores,

Plin. 13, 14, 28, § 90.—

A surname of Silvanus, Inscr. ap. Murat. 70. 6.

Mars (archaic and poet. Māvors, q. v.), Martis (collat. reduplic. form Marmar, in the Song of the Arval Brothers; v. the following, and Mamers), m. [root mar-, gleam; Sanscr. marīkis, beam of light; hence Mars, the bright god; cf.: marmor, mare], Mars, who, as father of Romulus, was the primogenitor of the Roman people, the god of war, of husbandry, of shepherds and seers. For him was named the month of Martius, March, the beginning of the Roman year, Ov. F. 3, 73 sqq.:

legio Martia... ab eo deo, a quo populum Romanum generatum accepimus,

Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5:

Mars pater te precor quaesoque, uti sies volens propitius mihi, etc.,... ut tu morbos visos invisosque viduertatem vastitudinemque, calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 141, 2; cf., in the Song of the Arval Brothers, NEVE LVERVE MARMAR SINS INCVRRERE IN PLEORIS;

for Mars pater, the forms Marspiter, gen. Marspitris, or -tĕris, and Maspiter were also employed,

Gell. 5, 12, 5; Macr. S. 1, 12; 19; Varr. L. L. 8, § 33 Müll.; 9, § 75; 10, § 65; Prisc. p. 695:

Mars Gradivus, Quirinus, Silvanus, Ultor, v. under h. vv.: Mars durus,

Verg. E 10, 44:

torvus,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 17:

cruentus,

id. ib. 2, 14, 13:

ferus,

Ov. H. 7, 160; id. F. 4, 25:

ferox,

id. M. 13, 11:

bellicus,

id. F. 3, 1:

fortibus sane oculis Cassius (Martem spirare dicens) se in Siciliam non iturum,

Cic. Att. 15, 11. The Salii were destined for his service, Liv. 1, 20, 4; horses and bulls were offered to him, Paul. ex Fest. p. 61 Müll.; Ov. H. 6, 10; Macr. S. 3, 10, 4:

per Martem, a soldier's oath,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 21. He was often appealed to in oaths, etc., esp. by soldiers:

Nam neque Duellona mi umquam neque Mars creduat, ni, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 8; id. Mil. 1, 1, 11; id. Truc. 3, 1, 11.—

Transf.

War, battle, a conflict, engagement, contest, etc.; also the art of war: cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P. (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):

Martem accendere cantu,

to incite to battle, Verg. A. 6, 165:

apertus,

fighting in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 27: equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare, i. e. to fight both in their own fashion (on horseback) and in one which was strange to them (on foot), Liv. 3, 62, 9:

pugna jam in manus, jam in gladios, ubi Mars est atrocissimus, venerat,

id. 2, 46, 3:

terribili Marte ululare,

Plin. 26, 4, 9, § 19:

captam sine Marte,

Stat. Ach. 1, 401:

quos amisimus cives, eos Martis vis perculit, non ira victoriae,

Cic. Marcell. 6, 17.— Poet.:

Mars forensis,

a contest in the forum, legal contest, Ov. P. 4, 6, 29; cf.:

et fora Marte suo litigiosa vacent,

id. F. 4, 188.—Hence, prov.: suo (nostro, vestro) Marte, by one's own exertions, without the assistance of others:

rex ipse suo Marte res suas recuperavit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95; id. Off. 3, 7, 34:

cum vos vestro Marte his rebus omnibus abundetis,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 9.—

The issue of a war or a battle, the fortune of war:

cum omnis belli Mars communis, et cum semper incerti exitus proeliorum sint,

Cic. Fam. 6, 4, 1: communis adhuc Mars belli erat, Liv. 10, 28:

aequo Marte,

with equal advantage, on equal terms, Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 3; 8, 19, 2; Curt. 4, 1, 8:

pari Marte,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 19:

aequato Marte,

Liv. 1, 25:

verso Marte ( = versā fortunā),

id. 29, 3, 11:

vario Marte pugnatum est,

Quint. 8, 6, 24:

incerto Marte,

Tac. H. 4, 35:

anceps,

Liv. 7, 29, 2; 21, 1, 2:

dubius,

Vell. 2, 55, 3.—

The planet Mars: Jovis stellae proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, quae stella Martis appellatur, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53; 2, 46, 119; Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 34; 2, 15, 12, § 60; Hyg. Astr. 2, 42:

Martis sidus,

Cassiod. Var. 11, 36.—Hence,

Mar-tĭus ( Māvortĭus, v. infra), a, um, adj.

Of or belonging to Mars:

lupus,

sacred to Mars, Verg. A. 9, 566; cf.: Martius lupus, integer et intactus, gentis nos Martiae et conditoris nostri admonuit, descended from Mars (since Mars is the father of Romulus and Remus), Liv. 10, 27:

legio,

Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 6; 4, 2, 5:

miles,

Ov. M. 14, 798:

proles,

i. e. Romulus and Remus, id. F. 3, 59:

anguis,

sacred to Mars, id. M. 3, 32:

judicium,

i. e. of the Areopagus at Athens, App. M. 10, p. 718 Oud.: Campus;

v. campus: harena,

a place in the Circus where the gladiators fought, Ov. Tr. 2, 282; Mart. 2, 75, 8:

gramen,

i. e. the Field of Mars, Hor. C. 3, 7, 26: Martius mensis, the month of March, formerly the first month of the year, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 13:

Martii Calendis,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 1: Idus Martiae, the Ides of March, famous as the day on which Julius Cæsar was killed, Cic. Att. 14, 4, 2; cf. 14, 20, 1 sq.; id. Phil. 2, 35, 88; id. Fam. 10, 28, 1.— In the form Mavortius ( poet.):

moenia,

i. e. Rome, Verg. A. 1, 276:

tellus,

i. e. Thrace, id. G. 4, 462:

conjux,

i. e. Venus, Val. Fl. 2, 208:

proles,

i. e. the Thebans, Ov. M. 3, 531; cf.:

seges belli (because sprung from the dragon's teeth),

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 135.—

Transf.

Warlike, martial:

Martia Penthesilea,

Verg. A. 11, 661:

Martia saeculi voluptas,

Mart. 5, 24, 1:

Martius aeris rauci canor,

Verg. G. 4, 71:

vulnera,

id. A. 7, 182:

Thebe,

i. e. where many wars were carried on, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 33.—

Of or belonging to the planet Mars:

ille fulgor rutilus, horribilisque terris, quem Martium dicitis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—As subst.: Mar-tĭus, ii, m. (sc. mensis), March, the month of March:

Mensium nomina fere aperta sunt, si a Martio, ut antiqui constituerunt, numeres, Nam primus a Marte,

Varr. L. L. 6, 4, § 33.—

Martĭālis, e, adj.

Of or belonging to Mars: Flamen, Varr L. L. 5, § 84 Müll.;

7, § 45 ib.: lupus,

sacred to Mars, Hor. C. 1, 17, 9:

ludi,

in honor of Mars, Suet. Claud. 1: Martialis collis, near the temple of Deus Fidius, Varr. L. L. 5, § 52 Müll.— Subst.: Martĭālis, is, m., a priest of Mars:

Martiales quidam Larini appellabantur, ministri publici Martis,

Cic. Clu. 15, 43.—

Belonging to the legio Martia; hence, Martĭāles, the soldiers of the legio Martia, Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5.

Mars (archaic and poet. Māvors, q. v.), Martis (collat. reduplic. form Marmar, in the Song of the Arval Brothers; v. the following, and Mamers), m. [root mar-, gleam; Sanscr. marīkis, beam of light; hence Mars, the bright god; cf.: marmor, mare], Mars, who, as father of Romulus, was the primogenitor of the Roman people, the god of war, of husbandry, of shepherds and seers. For him was named the month of Martius, March, the beginning of the Roman year, Ov. F. 3, 73 sqq.:

legio Martia... ab eo deo, a quo populum Romanum generatum accepimus,

Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5:

Mars pater te precor quaesoque, uti sies volens propitius mihi, etc.,... ut tu morbos visos invisosque viduertatem vastitudinemque, calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 141, 2; cf., in the Song of the Arval Brothers, NEVE LVERVE MARMAR SINS INCVRRERE IN PLEORIS;

for Mars pater, the forms Marspiter, gen. Marspitris, or -tĕris, and Maspiter were also employed,

Gell. 5, 12, 5; Macr. S. 1, 12; 19; Varr. L. L. 8, § 33 Müll.; 9, § 75; 10, § 65; Prisc. p. 695:

Mars Gradivus, Quirinus, Silvanus, Ultor, v. under h. vv.: Mars durus,

Verg. E 10, 44:

torvus,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 17:

cruentus,

id. ib. 2, 14, 13:

ferus,

Ov. H. 7, 160; id. F. 4, 25:

ferox,

id. M. 13, 11:

bellicus,

id. F. 3, 1:

fortibus sane oculis Cassius (Martem spirare dicens) se in Siciliam non iturum,

Cic. Att. 15, 11. The Salii were destined for his service, Liv. 1, 20, 4; horses and bulls were offered to him, Paul. ex Fest. p. 61 Müll.; Ov. H. 6, 10; Macr. S. 3, 10, 4:

per Martem, a soldier's oath,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 21. He was often appealed to in oaths, etc., esp. by soldiers:

Nam neque Duellona mi umquam neque Mars creduat, ni, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 8; id. Mil. 1, 1, 11; id. Truc. 3, 1, 11.—

Transf.

War, battle, a conflict, engagement, contest, etc.; also the art of war: cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P. (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):

Martem accendere cantu,

to incite to battle, Verg. A. 6, 165:

apertus,

fighting in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 27: equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare, i. e. to fight both in their own fashion (on horseback) and in one which was strange to them (on foot), Liv. 3, 62, 9:

pugna jam in manus, jam in gladios, ubi Mars est atrocissimus, venerat,

id. 2, 46, 3:

terribili Marte ululare,

Plin. 26, 4, 9, § 19:

captam sine Marte,

Stat. Ach. 1, 401:

quos amisimus cives, eos Martis vis perculit, non ira victoriae,

Cic. Marcell. 6, 17.— Poet.:

Mars forensis,

a contest in the forum, legal contest, Ov. P. 4, 6, 29; cf.:

et fora Marte suo litigiosa vacent,

id. F. 4, 188.—Hence, prov.: suo (nostro, vestro) Marte, by one's own exertions, without the assistance of others:

rex ipse suo Marte res suas recuperavit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95; id. Off. 3, 7, 34:

cum vos vestro Marte his rebus omnibus abundetis,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 9.—

The issue of a war or a battle, the fortune of war:

cum omnis belli Mars communis, et cum semper incerti exitus proeliorum sint,

Cic. Fam. 6, 4, 1: communis adhuc Mars belli erat, Liv. 10, 28:

aequo Marte,

with equal advantage, on equal terms, Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 3; 8, 19, 2; Curt. 4, 1, 8:

pari Marte,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 19:

aequato Marte,

Liv. 1, 25:

verso Marte ( = versā fortunā),

id. 29, 3, 11:

vario Marte pugnatum est,

Quint. 8, 6, 24:

incerto Marte,

Tac. H. 4, 35:

anceps,

Liv. 7, 29, 2; 21, 1, 2:

dubius,

Vell. 2, 55, 3.—

The planet Mars: Jovis stellae proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, quae stella Martis appellatur, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53; 2, 46, 119; Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 34; 2, 15, 12, § 60; Hyg. Astr. 2, 42:

Martis sidus,

Cassiod. Var. 11, 36.—Hence,

Mar-tĭus ( Māvortĭus, v. infra), a, um, adj.

Of or belonging to Mars:

lupus,

sacred to Mars, Verg. A. 9, 566; cf.: Martius lupus, integer et intactus, gentis nos Martiae et conditoris nostri admonuit, descended from Mars (since Mars is the father of Romulus and Remus), Liv. 10, 27:

legio,

Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 6; 4, 2, 5:

miles,

Ov. M. 14, 798:

proles,

i. e. Romulus and Remus, id. F. 3, 59:

anguis,

sacred to Mars, id. M. 3, 32:

judicium,

i. e. of the Areopagus at Athens, App. M. 10, p. 718 Oud.: Campus;

v. campus: harena,

a place in the Circus where the gladiators fought, Ov. Tr. 2, 282; Mart. 2, 75, 8:

gramen,

i. e. the Field of Mars, Hor. C. 3, 7, 26: Martius mensis, the month of March, formerly the first month of the year, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 13:

Martii Calendis,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 1: Idus Martiae, the Ides of March, famous as the day on which Julius Cæsar was killed, Cic. Att. 14, 4, 2; cf. 14, 20, 1 sq.; id. Phil. 2, 35, 88; id. Fam. 10, 28, 1.— In the form Mavortius ( poet.):

moenia,

i. e. Rome, Verg. A. 1, 276:

tellus,

i. e. Thrace, id. G. 4, 462:

conjux,

i. e. Venus, Val. Fl. 2, 208:

proles,

i. e. the Thebans, Ov. M. 3, 531; cf.:

seges belli (because sprung from the dragon's teeth),

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 135.—

Transf.

Warlike, martial:

Martia Penthesilea,

Verg. A. 11, 661:

Martia saeculi voluptas,

Mart. 5, 24, 1:

Martius aeris rauci canor,

Verg. G. 4, 71:

vulnera,

id. A. 7, 182:

Thebe,

i. e. where many wars were carried on, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 33.—

Of or belonging to the planet Mars:

ille fulgor rutilus, horribilisque terris, quem Martium dicitis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—As subst.: Mar-tĭus, ii, m. (sc. mensis), March, the month of March:

Mensium nomina fere aperta sunt, si a Martio, ut antiqui constituerunt, numeres, Nam primus a Marte,

Varr. L. L. 6, 4, § 33.—

Martĭālis, e, adj.

Of or belonging to Mars: Flamen, Varr L. L. 5, § 84 Müll.;

7, § 45 ib.: lupus,

sacred to Mars, Hor. C. 1, 17, 9:

ludi,

in honor of Mars, Suet. Claud. 1: Martialis collis, near the temple of Deus Fidius, Varr. L. L. 5, § 52 Müll.— Subst.: Martĭālis, is, m., a priest of Mars:

Martiales quidam Larini appellabantur, ministri publici Martis,

Cic. Clu. 15, 43.—

Belonging to the legio Martia; hence, Martĭāles, the soldiers of the legio Martia, Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5.