significatio

sŭper-sum, fui, esse (old collat. form of the pres. superescit, Enn. and Att. ap. Fest. p. 302 Müll.;

per tmesin: jamque adeo super unus eram,

Verg. A. 2, 567:

nihil erat super,

Nep. Alcib. 8, 1), v. n.

To be over and above, either as a remainder or as a superfluity (class. and very freq.; cf. supero, B. 3.).

As a remainder, to be left, to remain, to exist still.

In gen.: dum quidem unus homo Romanus toga superescit, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 302 Müll. (Ann. v. 486 Vahl.): inde sibi memorat, unum superesse laborem, id. ap. Gell. 1, 22, 16 (Ann. v. 159 ib.):

duae partes, quae mihi supersunt illustrandae orationis, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 91:

ut nulli supersint de inimicis,

id. Marcell. 7, 21: omnes qui supersint de Hirtii exercitu, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 5:

quid superest de corporibus,

Juv. 3, 259; 1, 35:

ex eo proelio circiter milia hominum CXXX. superfuerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26:

perexigua pars illius exercitūs superest,

id. B. C. 3, 87:

quod Morini Menapiique supererant,

id. B. G. 3, 28:

cum hostes vestri tantum civium superfuturum putassent, quantum, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 25:

quantum satietati superfuit,

id. Verr. 1, 4, 13; cf.:

quantum ipsi superesse potest,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 8:

biduum supererat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 23:

non multum ad solis occasum temporis supererat,

id. B. C. 3, 51:

non multum aestatis superesset,

id. B. G. 5, 22:

fessis tantum superesse maris,

Verg. A. 5, 616:

spatia si plura supersint,

id. ib. 5, 325:

deos Ambraciensibus non superesse,

Liv. 38, 43:

nemo superesse quemquam praeter eos credebat,

id. 5, 39:

quod superest, scribe quaeso quam accuratissime, quid placeat,

as for the rest, as to what remains, Cic. Att. 9, 19, 3; Verg. A. 5, 691:

quod superfuit,

Phaedr. 2, epil. 6:

nunc mihi cur cantent, superest Dicere,

it still remains to tell, Ov. F. 3, 675:

superest tercentum messes videre,

id. M. 14, 145; Lact. 1, 6, 6.—With ut and subj., Plin. Ep. 1, 1, 2; Lact. 1, 23, 1.—

In partic., to live after, outlive, to be still alive, to survive (rare):

sicut tuum vis unicum gnatum tuae Superesse vitae sospitem et superstitem,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 2: neque deesse neque superesse rei publicae volo, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 5:

Lucumo superfuit patri,

Liv. 1, 34:

fugae,

id. 28, 28:

ne superesset tanto exercitui suum nomen secuto,

id. 27, 49:

dolori,

Ov. M. 11, 703:

cum superessent adhuc qui spectaverant, etc.,

Suet. Claud. 21.—

To be in abundance, to abound (syn. abundo):

cui tanta erat res et supererat,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 19:

tibi, quia superest, dolet,

id. ib. 1, 3, 10:

vereor ne jam superesse mihi verba putes, quae dixeram defutura,

Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:

adeo supererunt animi ad sustinendam invidiam,

Liv. 2, 27, 12:

tantum illi ingenii superfuit,

Suet. Tit. 1.— Poet.: modo vita supersit, if life be long enough, suffice, Verg. G. 3, 10:

ne blando nequeant superesse labori,

i. e. to be sufficient for, equal to, id. ib. 3, 127; so,

Veneri,

Col. 4, 27, 8.—

In a bad sense, to be in excess, to be superabundant or superfluous:

ut vis ejus rei, quam definias, sic exprimatur, ut neque absit quicquam neque supersit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 25, 108; cf. Varr. ap. Gell. 1, 22, 5 and 6.—

For adesse, to be present, to serve by being present, to assist: si superesset (opp. sin deesset), Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 56.—Esp., to serve as an advocate:

falsa atque aliena verbi significatio, quod dicitur, hic illi superest, cum dicendum est, advocatum esse, etc.,

Gell. 1, 22, 1.—

To be over or beyond, to be prominent, project, Val. Fl. 6, 760.

vīs, vis, f., plur. vīres, ĭum (class. only in nom., acc. and abl. sing. and in plur.; gen. sing. very rare; Tac. Or. 26; Dig. 4, 2, 1; Paul. Sent. 5, 30; dat. sing. vi, Auct. B. Afr. 69, 2; C. I. L. 5, 837; collat. form of the nom. and acc. plur. vis, Lucr. 3, 265; 2, 586; Sall. ap. Prisc. p. 707, or H. 3, 62 Dietsch; Messala ap. Macr. S. 1, 9, 14) [Gr. is, Wis, sinew, force; iphi, with might], strength, physical or mental; force, vigor, power, energy, virtue (cf. robur).

Lit.

In gen.

Sing.:

celeritas et vis equorum,

Cic. Div. 1, 70, 144:

magna vis eorum (urorum) et magna velocitas,

Caes. B. G. 6, 28:

contra vim atque impetum fluminis,

id. ib. 4, 17:

tempestatis,

id. B. C. 2, 14:

venti,

Lucr. 1, 271:

solis,

id. 4, 326 (301):

horrida teli,

id. 3, 170:

acris vini,

id. 3, 476:

ferri aerisque,

id. 5, 1286:

veneni,

Cic. Cael. 24, 58 et saep.—

Plur. (most freq. of physical strength):

non viribus aut velocitatibus aut celeritate corporum res magnae geruntur,

Cic. Sen. 6, 17:

nec nunc vires desidero adulescentis, non plus quam adulescens tauri aut elephanti desiderabam,

id. ib. 9, 27:

hoc ali vires nervosque confirmari putant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21:

me jam sanguis viresque deficiunt,

id. ib. 7, 50 fin.:

perpauci viribus confisi transnatare contenderunt,

id. ib. 1, 53:

nostri integris viribus fortiter repugnare,

id. ib. 3, 4:

lacertis et viribus pugnare,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

omnibus viribus atque opibus repugnare,

id. Tusc. 3, 11, 25:

non animi solum vigore sed etiam corporis viribus excellens,

Liv. 9, 16, 12:

validis viribus hastam contorquere,

Verg. A. 2, 50:

quicquid agas, decet agere pro viribus,

with all your might, Cic. Sen. 9, 27; so,

supra vires,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 22:

et neglecta solent incendia sumere vires,

id. ib. 1, 18, 85:

seu virium vi seu exercitatione multā cibi vinique capacissimus,

Liv. 9, 16, 13; cf.:

in proelii concursu abit res a Consilio ad vires vimque pugnantium,

Nep. Thras. 1, 4 dub. (Siebel. vires usumque).— Poet., with inf.:

nec mihi sunt vires inimicos pellere tectis,

Ov. H. 1, 109.—

In partic.

Energy, virtue, potency (of herbs, drugs, etc.):

in radices vires oleae abibunt,

Cato, R. R. 61, 1:

vires habet herba?

Ov. M. 13, 942:

egregius fons Viribus occultis adjuvat,

Juv. 12, 42. —

Vis, personified, the same as Juno, Aus. Idyll. de Deis; cf. Verg. A. 7, 432 Serv. —

Hostile strength, force, violence, = bia: EA POENA, QVAE EST DE VI, S. C. ap. Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5:

cum vi vis illata defenditur,

Cic. Mil. 4, 9; cf.:

celeri rumore dilato Dioni vim allatam,

Nep. Dion, 10, 1:

ne vim facias ullam in illam,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 37:

sine vi facere,

id. ib. 4, 7, 20:

vim afferre alicui,

Cic. Caecin. 21, 61; id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62; 2, 4, 66, § 148:

adhibere,

id. Off. 3, 30, 110; id. Cat. 1, 8, 19:

praesidio tam valido et armato vim adferre,

Liv. 9, 16, 4:

iter per vim tentare,

by force, forcibly, Caes. B. G. 1, 14; so,

per vim,

id. B. C. 2, 13; Cic. Att. 7, 9, 4:

ne id quidem satis est, nisi docet, ita se possedisse nec vi nec clam nec precario possederit,

id. Caecin. 32, 92; so the jurid. formula in Lex Thoria ap. Grut. 202, 18; Dig. 41, 1, 22; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28:

vis haec quidem hercle est, et trahi et trudi simul,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 20:

naves totae factae ex robore ad quamvis vim et contumeliam perferendam (shortly afterwards: tantas tempestates Oceani tantosque impetus ventorum sustineri),

violence, shock, Caes. B. G. 3, 13:

caeli,

a storm, tempest, Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 278.—To avoid the gen. form (v. supra):

de vi condemnati sunt,

Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 4: de vi reus; id. Sest. 35, 75; id. Vatin. 17, 41:

ei qui de vi itemque ei qui majestatis damnatus sit,

id. Phil. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. 1, 9, 21 sq. Halm ad loc.; Tac. A. 4, 13.—

In mal. part., force, violence: pudicitiam cum eriperet militi tribunus militaris... interfectus ab eo est, cui vim adferebat, Cic. Mil. 4, 9:

matribus familias vim attulisse,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62:

vis allata sorori,

Ov. A. A. 1, 679:

victa nitore dei vim passa est,

id. M. 4, 233:

vim passa est Phoebe,

id. A. A. 1, 679.—

Transf., concr.

Quantity, number, abundance (cf.: copia, multitudo); with gen.:

quasi retruderet hominum me vis invitum,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 66:

innumerabilis servorum,

Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22:

in pompā cum magna vis auri argentique ferretur,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91:

vis magna pulveris,

Caes. B. C. 2, 26:

vis maxima ranunculorum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3:

argenti,

id. Prov. Cons. 2, 4:

vim lacrimarum profudi,

id. Rep. 6, 14, 14:

odora canum vis,

Verg. A. 4, 132; cf. absol.:

et nescio quomodo is, qui auctoritatem minimam habet, maximam vim, populus cum illis facit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 44.—

Vires, military forces, troops:

praeesse exercitui, ut praeter auctoritatem vires quoque ad coërcendum haberet,

Caes. B. C. 3, 57:

satis virium ad certamen,

Liv. 3, 60, 4:

undique contractis viribus signa cum Papirio conferre,

id. 9, 13, 12:

robur omne virium ejus regni,

the flower, id. 33, 4, 4:

concitet et vires Graecia magna suas,

Ov. H. 15 (16), 340.—

Vires, the virile forces or organs, Arn. 5, 158; 5, 163; Inscr. Orell. 2322; 2332:

veluti castratis viribus,

Plin. 11, 18, 19, § 60; cf.:

vis (= vires) multas possidere in se,

Lucr. 2, 586.—Rarely sing.:

vis genitalis,

Tac. A. 6, 18.—

Trop.

Mental strength, power, force, vigor:

vis illa divina et virtus oratoris,

Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 120:

vis ac facultas oratoris,

id. ib. 1, 31, 142:

suavitatem Isocrates... sonitum Aeschines, vim Demosthenes habuit,

id. ib. 3, 7, 28:

summa ingenii,

id. Phil. 5, 18, 49:

magna vis est conscientiae in utramque partem,

id. Mil. 23, 61:

magna vis est in fortunā in utramque partem,

id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

patriae,

id. de Or. 1, 44, 196:

quod ostentum habuit hanc vim, ut, etc.,

power, effect, id. Div. 1, 33, 73:

qui indignitate suā vim ac jus magistratui quem gerebat dempsisset,

Liv. 26, 12, 8:

hujus conventionis,

Dig. 43, 25, 12.— Plur. (post-Aug.):

eloquentiae,

Quint. 5, 1, 2:

facilitatis,

id. 12, 9, 20:

ingenii,

id. 1, 2, 23; 12, 1, 32:

orationis,

id. 8, 3, 87.—

Transf., of abstr. things, force, notion, meaning, sense, import, nature, essence (cf. significatio):

id, in quo est omnis vis amicitiae,

Cic. Lael. 4, 15:

eloquentiae vis et natura,

id. Or. 31, 112:

vis honesti (with natura),

id. Off. 1, 6, 18; cf. id. Fin. 1, 16, 50:

virtutis,

id. Fam. 9, 16, 5:

quae est alia vis legis?

id. Dom. 20, 53:

vis, natura, genera verborum et simplicium et copulatorum,

i.e. the sense, signification, id. Or. 32, 115:

vis verbi,

id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; id. Balb. 8, 21:

quae vis insit in his paucis verbis, si attendes, si attendes, intelleges,

id. Fam. 6, 2, 3:

quae vis subjecta sit vocibus,

id. Fin. 2, 2, 6:

nominis,

id. Top. 8, 35: metônumia, cujus vis est, pro eo, quod dicitur, causam, propter quam dicitur, ponere, Quint. 8, 6, 23.

vōcŭla, ae, f. dim. [vox], a small or feeble voice (rare but class.).

Lit.:

recreandae voculae causā,

Cic. Att. 2, 23, 1:

mea,

Prop. 1, 16, 27.—

Transf.

A soft note or tone:

quanto molliores sunt et delicatiores in cantu flexiones et falsae voculae quam certae et severae?

Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 98.—

A little, petty speech; a little word, particle:

incurrit haec nostra laurus non solum in oculos, sed jam etiam in voculas malevolorum,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 2:

significatio hujus voculae (saltem),

Gell. 12, 14, 5.