shell+effect

* * *

1. маш. body, case, housing, frame

2. (двигателя, трансформатора и т. п. в качестве «земли») эл. frame, case; (шасси в качестве «земли») эл., радио брит. chassis earth; амер. chassis ground

выдава́ть [подключа́ть] ко́рпус на … эл. — apply earth [ground] to …

замыка́ть на ко́рпус — earth [ground] to the frame [to the case], return to chassis ground

замыка́ть на ко́рпус на самолё́те — connect to ground on the structure of the airplane

3. («земляная» шина или провод схемы) эл., радио return wire

4. полигр. long primer [10-point] type

5. ( здание) building; block

ко́рпус автору́чки — barrel

ко́рпус автосце́пки — automatic coupler casing automatic coupler body

ко́рпус амортиза́тора — shock absorber body

ко́рпус ве́нтиля — valve body

ко́рпус вентиля́тора — fan case, fan casing

ко́рпус выпарно́го аппара́та ( многокорпусного) — effect

ко́рпус выпарно́го аппара́та, пе́рвый — the 1st effect

ко́рпус высева́ющего аппара́та с.-х. — feed cup, feed shell

герметизи́рованный ко́рпус — pressurized body

ко́рпус гироузла́ — gyro case

ко́рпус глуши́теля авто — брит. muffler body; амер. silencer body

ко́рпус горе́лки — burner body

ко́рпус громкоговори́теля — basket

ко́рпус дроби́лки — crusher shell

ко́рпус землечерпа́лки — dredge hull

ко́рпус измери́тельного прибо́ра — instrument case

ко́рпус карбюра́тора — carburettor body

ко́рпус кла́пана — valve body

ко́рпус ко́мпаса — compass bowl

ко́рпус компре́ссора — compressor casing

ко́рпус конденса́тора — condenser shell, condenser casing

ко́рпус котла́ — boiler shell

ко́рпус кра́на ( трубная арматура) — cock body

ко́рпус логарифми́ческой лине́йки — body of a slide rule

ко́рпус многоко́рпусного котлоагрега́та — furnace; half-boiler

ко́рпус мундштука́ ( экструдера) пласт. — die base

ко́рпус насо́са — (pump) case, casing

ко́рпус отопи́тельного радиа́тора — radiator box

ко́рпус пе́чи — furnace body

плу́жный ко́рпус — plough body, plough bottom

ко́рпус подши́пника — bearing housing, bearing body, bearing case

ко́рпус по́ршня — piston barrel

ко́рпус пьезоэлектри́ческого резона́тора — enclosure

ко́рпус радиоприё́мника или ТВ приё́мника — cabinet

ко́рпус раке́тного дви́гателя — rocket motor case

ко́рпус раке́ты — rocket airframe

ко́рпус распредели́теля авто — distributor body

ко́рпус су́дна — (ship) hull; ( на теоретическом чертеже) body plan

ко́рпус су́дна, го́лый — naked (ship) hull

ко́рпус телефо́нного ште́пселя — plug sleeve

ко́рпус теплообме́нника — shell

ко́рпус транзи́стора — transistor case, transistor enclosure

ко́рпус тру́бной армату́ры — valve body

ко́рпус турби́ны — turbine casing

ко́рпус турби́ны, вну́тренний — inner (turbine) shell

ко́рпус турби́ны с двойны́ми сте́нками — double (turbine) casing

ко́рпус у́гольного стру́га — plough body

ко́рпус челнока́ текст. — shuttle body

ко́рпус электро́нного устро́йства

1. ( оболочка) case, package

блок размеща́ется в ко́рпусе электро́нного устро́йства разме́ром 20 [m2]10 [m2]8 см — the unit is housed in a package 20 cm long by 10 cm wide by 8 cm high

2. (основной блок, в котором располагаются сменные блоки или модули) mainframe

fougasse (attr.)

фугасен снаряд a mine shell

фугасно действие a mine effect

фугасна бомба a demolition bomb, a high explosive bomb

* * *

фуга̀сен,

прил., -на, -но, -ни fougasse (attr.); \фугасенен снаряд mine shell; \фугасенна бомба demolition bomb, high explosive bomb; \фугасенно действие mine effect.

* * *

SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour

[br]

[br]

[br]

The youngest of nine children, Shrapnel was commissioned into the Royal Artillery in July 1779. His early military service was in Newfoundland and it was on his return to England in 1784 that he began to interest himself in artillery ammunition. His particular concern was to develop a round that would be more effective against infantry than the existing solid cannon-ball and canister round. The result was a hollow, spherical shell filled with lead musket balls and fitted with a bursting charge and fuse. His development of the shell was interrupted by active service in the Low Countries in 1793–4, during which he was wounded, and duty in the West Indies. Nevertheless, in 1803 the British Army adopted his shell, which during the next twelve years played a significant part on the battlefield.

In 1804 Shrapnel was appointed Assistant Inspector of Artillery and made further contributions to the science of gunnery, drawing up a series of range tables to improve accuracy of fire, inventing the brass tangent slide for better sighting of guns, and improving the production of howitzers and mortars by way of the invention of parabolic chambers. His services were recognized in 1814 by a Treasury grant of £1,200 per annum for life. He was promoted Major-General in 1819 and appointed a Colonel-Commandant of the Royal Artillery in 1827, and in the 1830s there was talk of him being made a baronet, but nothing came of it. Shrapnel remains a current military term, although modern bursting shells rely on the fragmentation of the casing of the projectile for their effect rather than his original concept of having shot inside them.

[br]

* * *

1. ( теплообменный аппарат) evaporator

из испари́теля пар поступа́ет в конденса́тор — the evaporator disposes of vapour to a condenser

испари́тель осуществля́ет испаре́ние жи́дкости — the evaporator volatilizes a liquid

испари́тель предназна́чен для ( таких-то) жи́дкостей — the evaporator can handle (such and such) liquids

2. ( прибор для измерения испарения с различных поверхностей) метеор. evaporimeter

га́зовый испари́тель — gas heated evaporator

двухступе́нчатый испари́тель — two-effect evaporator

кожухотру́бный испари́тель — shell-tube evaporator

многоступе́нчатый испари́тель — multiple-effect evaporator

одноступе́нчатый испари́тель — single-effect evaporator

парово́й испари́тель — steam-heated evaporator

плё́ночный испари́тель — film evaporator

по́чвенный испари́тель — evaporation soil tank

прямото́чный испари́тель — parallel feed evaporator

испари́тель, рабо́тающий под давле́нием — pressure evaporator

испари́тель то́плива — fuel vaporizer

тру́бчатый испари́тель — tubular evaporator

тру́бчатый, вертика́льный испари́тель — vertical-tube evaporator

тру́бчатый, горизонта́льный испари́тель — horizontal-tube evaporator

испари́тель холоди́льника — refrigerator evaporator

испари́тель холоди́льника обледенева́ет — the evaporator ices up

испари́тель холоди́льника обмерза́ет — the evaporator freezes up

1) <aeron.> airframe

1) General subject: apprehension, capture (элементарных частиц), catch, clench, clinch, clutch, elbow, encroachment (постепенный), fang, grab, grapnel, grapple, handfast, hold (в борьбе, боксе), holdfast, hug (в борьбе), nip, pre emption, scorching (хлебов), seizing, seizure, snap (зубами), span dogs, spans (для брёвен), spoliation, take, takeover, taking, usurpation, wind burn (заболевание растений), deforcement, (груди) latch-on (грудное вскармливание), (груди) latch

2) Geology: expansion

3) Biology: (постепенный) encroachment

4) Aviation: lock on, lockon

5) Naval: carry-over, snatching

6) Medicine: pinch

7) Colloquial: pre-emption

8) American: ahold, holt

9) Sports: hack (борьба), tackle (в регби)

10) Military: acquisition (цели), acquisition by seizure (имущества, объектов), coupling (цели), engagement, engagement (цели), locking-on, lodgement (местности), occupancy, occupation

11) Engineering: acquisition (объектов роботом), bite, caliper, capturing, clamp, clamping claw, clamping jaws, clip, contact (цели), covering (охват), dog, entrainment, entrapment, entrapping, grab iron, grappling iron, grasping jaws, grip, gripper, gripping, gripping device, gripping unit, hold-down, holddown, iron grab, jaw (тисков), jaws, lifter, pickup, pickup tool, rack, trapping (носителя заряда)

12) Agriculture: hot-wind burn (растений, семян), prehension (корма животным), shrinkage, wind burn (растений, семян), windburn

13) Construction: automatic grab, blind catch (для удержания в закрытом положении жалюзи), grasp, grasping jaw, grip iron, hand grip, locking grip, tongs, alligator, fetch

14) Mathematics: range, scope, span

15) Railway term: catch-lock

16) Law: despoilment, despoliation

17) Automobile industry: catch hook, cut (комбайна, косилки и т. п.), detent, holding-down clip, tension shackle (для образца)

18) Artillery: gib (ствола)

19) Mining: cramp, haulage clip, intake, web

20) Forestry: chain grapples, coupler, knob, lug (транспортёра), pull, scrag (бревна)

21) Metallurgy: dolly bar, holding device, shackle

22) Polygraphy: clamp shell, clamping, nipper, shuttle, taking-on, taking-on (листа с накладного стола)

23) Politics: attack, invasion

24) Radio: holding

25) Telecommunications: lock-in

26) Physics: entrapment (частиц и т.п.)

27) Electronics: pinning

28) Jargon: sneeze

29) Information technology: capture (кадров), lock, lockout

30) Oil: bight (за свободный конец троса), catch-up, claw, hook, purchase (груза крюком), spider (для вытаскивания или удержания колонны труб или штаг), stealing, taking hold of, steal, trap

31) Astronautics: catching, coverage, grapple fixture, lock-on, locking

32) Mechanic engineering: chain shackle, pick-up (pickup), stop

33) Aeronautics: interception (луча курсового маяка)

34) Mechanics: clamping jaw, gripping appliance

35) Business: assumption

36) Household appliances: capture effect

37) Drilling: detention, fastener, fastening, hitch

38) Oil&Gas technology elevator (захватное устройство для подвешивания бурильной трубы при спуско-подъемных работах)

39) Oilfield: catcher (устройство), engagement (действие)

40) Criminal law: hijacking

41) Polymers: holding-down device, take-up

42) Automation: acquisition (напр. деталей), catching (ывание), clasping member, claw member, engaging claw, engaging dog, grabber, grabbing, grabbing device, grabbing tool, grasping unit, gripper tool, gripping (ывание), gripping jaw, gripping tool, holder, nip (ывание), pick-off, picker, picking (ывание), picking-up (ывание), pickup (ывание), pickup device, prehension, prehensor, sling dog, take operation

43) Robots: bid (напр. канала связи)

44) Cables: catch (механизм, устройство), clamp (механизм, устройство), entrapment (воды, воздуха, пыли, газа), grip (механизм, устройство), pickup (воды, воздуха, пыли, газа)

45) Wood cutting: (манипулятора форвардера) grapple

46) Aviation medicine: restraint

47) Makarov: capture (в яд. химии), catchment (подземных вод), clamp shell (напр. печатного цилиндра), cut (с.-х. орудия), entrapping (макромолекул, клеток в полимер, гель и т.п.), grasping (напр. детали роботом), gripper unit, hold-in, incorporation (напр. ксенолитов магмой), pincher, pinching, prehension (корма животными), purchase (крюком), scrambling (см. изотопное перемешивание), span-dogs (для брёвен), windburn (заболевание растений), windburn (растений, семян)

48) Security: gripple

49) Logistics: departure

50) Yachting: canhooks

"1. money. 2. (a) para (one fortieth of a kuruş). - alımı fin. collection of money, collecting money. - aslanın ağzında. proverb If you want money, you´ve got to struggle to get it. - babası moneybags. - basımevi mint (where money is coined or printed). - basmak 1. to print or mint money. 2. to lay down a stake (in gambling). -yı bayılmak colloq. to pay out money, shell out money, fork out money. - bozmak to make change, break a coin or note into smaller denominations. - canlısı/gözlü someone who´s excessively fond of money. - cezası law fine. - cüzdanı billfold, wallet. - çantası purse. - çekmek /dan/ 1. to draw money (from a bank). 2. to squeeze some money out of (someone), get (someone) to fork over some money. -ya çevirmek /ı/ to realize (an asset); to sell (something) (for money). - çıkarmak 1. to issue money. 2. colloq. to send a money order. -sını çıkarmak to get back the amount one invested (in the form of profits). -dan çıkmak to have to spend money; to have unexpected expenses. - darlığı econ. deflation. -yla değil very cheap, dirt cheap. -yla değil sırayla. colloq. Money can´t always get you what you want./Your money won´t do you any good here. -yı denize atmak to squander money, throw money down the drain. - dökmek /a/ to spend a lot of money (on); to pour money into. - dönmek for bribes to be given. - etmek to be worth something, be valuable; to be something which will sell. - etmemek 1. to be worth nothing; to be something which won´t sell. 2. to have no effect, be in vain. -nın gümüş olduğunu anlamak to realize that money is not to be thrown around, learn to appreciate the value of money. - ile imanın kimde olduğu bilinmez. proverb You can´t know for sure how much money another person has, just as you can´t know whether or not he is a sincere believer in God. - isteme benden, buz gibi soğurum senden. proverb You don´t like to have much to do with people who are always asking you for money. - kazanmak to earn money. - kesmek 1. to coin money. 2. to make a lot of money. - kırmak to make a lot of money. -ya kıymak to spend money, shell out money, fork out money. - parayı çeker. proverb Money breeds money. -ya para dememek 1. to make a lot of money. 2. to spend money lavishly. 3. to regard an amount of money as ridiculously small. - pul money and assets. -sıyla rezil olmak to pay out money for something that turns out to be completely unsatisfactory, throw money down the drain. - sızdırmak/koparmak /dan/ to squeeze some money out of (someone), get (someone) to fork out some money. -sını sokağa atmak to throw money down the drain. -yı sökülmek slang to have to fork out some money. - şişkinliği econ. inflation. -yı tedavülden kaldırma demonetization, taking money out of circulation. - tutmak 1. to save money; to be thrifty. 2. to cost. -nın üstü change (given when one has paid more than the stated amount). -yı veren düdüğü çalar. proverb The one who pays the piper calls the tune. - vurmak 1. to make money by illegal means. 2. to luck into a lot of money. - yapmak to earn money and save it. - yardımı monetary aid. - yatıran depositor. - yatırmak /a/ 1. to invest (in). 2. to deposit money (in). - yedirmek /a/ to bribe. - yeme accepting bribes. - yemek 1. to spend money freely. 2. to accept a bribe. -nın yüzü sıcaktır. proverb There is something about money that´s very alluring."

war (conflicto).

declarar la guerra to declare war

le tiene la guerra declarada a su hermano (figurative) he's at daggers drawn with his brother

en guerra at war

guerra sin cuartel all-out war

guerra atómica nuclear war

guerra bacteriológica germ warfare

guerra civil civil war

guerra fría cold war

guerra de las galaxias star wars

guerra de guerrillas guerrilla warfare

guerra mundial world war

guerra de nervios war of nerves

guerra nuclear nuclear war

guerra de precios price war

guerra psicológica psychological warfare

guerra química chemical warfare

guerra santa Holy War

guerra sucia dirty war

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 war

\

dar guerra familiar to cause problems, cause trouble

■ cuando era niño nos daba mucha guerra when he was a child he was a real handful

declarar la guerra a to declare war on

en guerra at war

ser de antes de la guerra familiar to be donkey's years old

tenerle la guerra declarada a alguien familiar to have it in for somebody

guerra bacteriológica / guerra biológica germ warfare

guerra civil civil war

guerra comercial trade war

guerra de Cuba Spanish-American War

guerra de la Independencia Spanish War of Independence

guerra de las galaxias star wars

guerra de los Seis Días Six Day War

guerra de los Treinta Años Thirty Years' War

guerra de nervios war of nerves

guerra del Golfo Gulf War

guerra fría cold war

guerra mundial world war

guerra nuclear nuclear war

guerra psicológica psychological warfare

guerra química chemical warfare

guerra santa holy war

guerra total all-out war

la Primer Guerra Mundial World War I, the First World War, World War I

la Segunda Guerra Mundial World War II, the Second World War

* * *

1) war

2) warfare

* * *

1) (Mil, Pol) war; (=arte) warfare

2) (=problemas)

3) (=juego) billiards

* * *

1) (Mil, Pol) war

- guerra abierta

- guerra a muerte

- guerra bacteriológica or biológica

- guerra comercial

- guerra de guerrillas

- Guerra de Secesión

- Guerra de Sucesión

- guerra de trincheras

- guerra mundial

- guerra sin cuartel

2) (fam) ( problemas) trouble, hassle (colloq)

* * *

= war, warfare.

Ex. For example, at Woking, the stock has been split into about thirty sections, such as Health and welfare, war and warfare, retaining the Dewey sequence within each section.

Ex. For example, at Woking, the stock has been split into about thirty sections, such as Health and welfare, War and warfare, retaining the Dewey sequence within each section.

----

* amenaza de guerra = threat of war.

* anterior a la guerra = pre-war [prewar], antebellum.

* anterior a la Guerra Civil = pre-Civil War.

* arrasado por la guerra = war-torn.

* arte de la guerra = warfare.

* avezado en la guerra = battle-hardened.

* baja de guerra = war casualty.

* barco de guerra = warship, naval ship, war vessel.

* botín de guerra = war booty.

* botín de guerra, el = spoils of war, the, victor's spoils.

* buque de guerra = warship.

* causar una guerra = precipitate + war.

* centro social para veteranos de guerra = Veterans' centre.

* comienzo de la guerra = outbreak of the war, breakout of + the war.

* consejo de guerra = courts-martial, court martial.

* corresponsal de guerra = war correspondent, war journalist, war reporter.

* crímen de guerra = war crime.

* criminal de guerra = war criminal.

* danza de guerra = war dance.

* dar guerra = act up, play up.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* declaración de guerra = declaration of war.

* declarar la guerra = break out into + declared war, go to + war, take up + arms.

* declarar la guerra a = declare + war on.

* declarar la guerra a muerte a = declare + open season on.

* declararse en guerra = go to + war.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* desatar una guerra = precipitate + war.

* desenterrar el hacha de guerra = take up + the tomahawk, dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.

* despojos de la guerra, los = spoils of war, the.

* destrozado por la guerra = war-ravaged.

* devastado por la guerra = war-torn.

* disturbio ocasionado por la guerra = war riot.

* durante la guerra = during wartime, wartime [wart-time], war years, the.

* efecto de la guerra = effect of war.

* embates de la guerra, los = ravages of war, the.

* en contra de la guerra = antiwar [anti-war].

* en épocas de guerra = in time(s) of war.

* en guerra = war-torn, at war.

* en pie de guerra = on the warpath.

* en son de guerra = on the warpath.

* enterrar el hacha de guerra = bury + the hatchet, bury + the tomahawk, bury + the war axe.

* en tiempo de guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* en tiempos de guerra = in time(s) of war.

* escenario de la guerra = theatre [theater, -USA], theatre of war.

* estar en guerra con = be at war with.

* estragos de la guerra, los = ravages of war, the.

* frente de guerra, el = war front, the.

* ganar una guerra = win + war.

* grito de guerra = battle cry, war cry.

* guerra árabe-israelí, la = Arab Israeli war, the.

* guerra asimétrica = asymmetric war, asymmetric warfare.

* guerra a través de la red = netwar.

* guerra civil = civil war.

* guerra contra el despilfarro = war on waste.

* guerra contra el terrorismo = war on terror, war on terrorism, war against terrorism.

* guerra contra las drogas = war on drugs.

* guerra cósmica = cosmic war.

* guerra de almohadas = pillow fight.

* guerra de Bosnia, la = Bosnian War, the.

* guerra de desgaste = war of attrition.

* guerra de guerrillas = guerrilla warfare, guerrilla war.

* Guerra de la Independencia = War of Independence.

* guerra de la información = information warfare.

* guerra de las estrellas = battle of the stars.

* Guerra de las Galaxias = Star Wars.

* Guerra del Golfo, la = Gulf War, the.

* Guerra del Golfo Persa, la = Persian Gulf War, the.

* Guerra de los Boers, la = Anglo-Boer War, the.

* guerra de nervios = war of nerves.

* guerra de precios = pricing competition, price war.

* guerra en red = netwar.

* Guerra entre España y los Estados Unidos, la = Spanish-American War, the, Spanish-American War, the.

* guerra + estallar = war + break out.

* guerra fría, la = cold war, the.

* guerra fronteriza = border war.

* guerra legal = legal battle.

* guerra mundial = world war.

* guerra nuclear = nuclear warfare, nuclear war.

* guerra religiosa = religious war.

* Guerras Médicas, las = Persian Wars, the.

* guerra sucia = dirty war.

* guerra tribal = tribal war.

* Guerra Zulú, la = Zulu War, the.

* hacer estallar un guerra = ignite + war.

* hacer la guerra = make + war.

* hacha de guerra = tomahawk.

* héroe de guerra = fallen hero, war hero.

* ir a la guerra = go to + war.

* juego de guerra = war game [wargame].

* juzgar en consejo de guerra = court-martial.

* libro trofeo de guerra = trophy book.

* los avatares de la guerra = the tides of war.

* males de la guerra, los = evils of war, the.

* Marina de Guerra = Royal Navy.

* misión de guerra = wartime mission.

* nave de guerra = naval ship.

* navío de guerra = warship.

* ocasionar una guerra = precipitate + war.

* pasión por la guerra = rage militaire.

* perder una guerra = lose + war.

* perro de guerra = dog of war, war dog.

* ponerse en pie de guerra = dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.

* Primera Guerra Mundial = First World War (World War I), World War I [First World War].

* prisionero de guerra = prisoner of war, war prisoner.

* provocar una guerra = ignite + war, precipitate + war.

* reportero de guerra = war journalist, war correspondent, war reporter.

* Segunda Guerra Mundial = 2nd World War, World War II [Second World War], Second World War [World War II].

* tras las guerra = in the postwar period.

* tribunal de guerra = court martial.

* veterano de guerra = war veteran.

* víctima de guerra = casualty of war, war casualty.

* viuda de guerra = war widow.

* zona de guerra = war zone.

* * *

1) (Mil, Pol) war

- guerra abierta

- guerra a muerte

- guerra bacteriológica or biológica

- guerra comercial

- guerra de guerrillas

- Guerra de Secesión

- Guerra de Sucesión

- guerra de trincheras

- guerra mundial

- guerra sin cuartel

2) (fam) ( problemas) trouble, hassle (colloq)

* * *

* * *

Guerra Civil (↑ guerra a1), Guerras de Independencia (↑ guerra a1)

A ( Mil, Pol) war

nos declararon la guerra they declared war on us

están en guerra they are at war

hacerle la guerra a algn to wage war on o against sb

cuando estalló la guerra when war broke out

los soldados se iban a la guerra the soldiers were going off to war o to fight in the war

los niños jugaban a la guerra the children were playing soldiers

le tienen declarada la guerra a la pornografía they've declared war on pornography

open warfare

fight to the death

asymmetrical warfare

germ o biological warfare

civil war

trade war

conventional warfare

(Arg, Chi) pillow fight

low intensity warfare

war of attrition

guerrilla war

Hundred Years' War

Six Day War

war of nerves

price war

war of religion, religious war

American Civil War

War of Spanish Succession

trench warfare

cold war

just war

world war

la Primera/Segunda Guerra Mundial the First/Second World War

nuclear war

psychological warfare

chemical warfare

blitzkrieg

holy war

all-out war

fpl Persian Wars (pl)

fpl Punic Wars (pl)

dirty war

total war

B ( fam) (problemas) trouble, hassle ( colloq)

estos niños me dan mucha guerra these kids give me a lot of hassle o trouble

quieren/buscan guerra they're looking for trouble

* * *

◊ nos declararon la guerra they declared war on us;

◊ estos niños me dan mucha guerra these kids give me a lot of hassle

* * *

guerra nf

la marina de guerra the navy;

nombre de guerra nom de guerre;

declarar la guerra to declare war;

le tiene declarada la guerra a García he's at daggers drawn with García, he really has it in for García;

en guerra at war;

ir a la guerra to go to war;

dar guerra to be a pain, to be annoying;

los niños han estado todo el día dando guerra the children have been misbehaving all day;

¡la guerra que da este niño! this child is such a handful!;

de antes de la guerra ancient, prehistoric;

buscar o [m5] pedir guerra [problemas] to look for trouble;

guerra atómica nuclear war;

guerra bacteriológica germ warfare;

la Guerra de los Cien Años the Hundred Years War;

guerra de cifras war of numbers;

guerra civil civil war;

la Guerra Civil española the Spanish Civil War;

guerra comercial trade war;

guerra convencional conventional warfare;

la Guerra de Crimea the Crimean War;

guerra sin cuartel all-out war;

guerra espacial star wars;

la guerra del fletán the halibut war [between Spain and Canada over halibut fishing in the North Atlantic];

guerra fría cold war;

guerra de las galaxias star wars;

la guerra del Golfo the Gulf War;

guerra de guerrillas guerrilla warfare;

la Guerra de la Independencia española the Peninsular War;

las guerras médicas the Persian Wars;

guerra mundial world war;

guerra de nervios war of nerves;

guerra nuclear nuclear war;

guerra de precios price war;

guerra psicológica psychological warfare;

las guerras púnicas the Punic Wars;

guerra química chemical warfare;

guerra relámpago blitzkrieg;

guerra santa Holy War;

la Guerra de Secesión the American Civil War;

la Guerra de los Seis Días the Six Day War;

la Guerra de Sucesión the War of (the) Spanish Succession;

guerra sucia dirty war;

la Guerra de los Treinta Años the Thirty Years War;

la Guerra de Troya the Trojan War;

la Guerra de Vietnam the Vietnam War

* * *

f war;

dar guerra a alguien fam give s.o. trouble

* * *

guerra nf

1) : war

declarar la guerra: to declare war

guerra sin cuartel: all-out war

2) : warfare

3) lucha: conflict, struggle

* * *

guerra n war

(trennb., hat -ge-)

1. (Zelt) put up; (Lager) set up; (Bude, Bühne, Kamera etc.) set ( oder put) up, erect; (Ausstellung, Schaubild) mount; (Gerüst) assemble; (Häuser, Stadt etc.) neu oder wieder aufbauen rebuild

2. (anordnen) (Büffet, Geschenke, Waren) arrange

3. (Unternehmen, Organisation) (gründen) set up, found; (erweitern) build up; sich (Dat) eine Existenz aufbauen build a life for o.s.; nach dem Krieg die Wirtschaft wieder aufbauen rebuild the economy after the war

4. (Drama, Aufsatz) structure

5. jemanden aufbauen (Mut machen) build s.o. up; kurzfristig: auch give s.o. a pep talk

6. (Politiker, Sportler) karrieremäßig: build up

II vt/i fig.: aufbauen auf (+ Akk) build on

III v/i: aufbauen auf (+ Dat) Theorie etc.: be based on; dieser Kurs baut auf dem Anfängerkurs auf the course carries on from ( oder is based on) the beginners’ course

IV v/refl:

1. Wolken, Aggressionen etc.: build up

2. sich aufbauen auf (+ Dat) Stoff etc.: be made up ( oder composed) of

3. sich aufbauen auf (+ Dat) Theorie etc.: be based on

4. er baute sich vor mir auf he planted himself in front of me

* * *

(arrangieren) to arrange;

(errichten) to build; to put up;

(gründen) to found;

(konstruieren) to structure; to construct;

(synthetisieren) to synthesize;

(wiederherstellen) to rebuild;

to build up

* * *

1. vt

1) (= errichten) to put up; Verbindung, Netzwerk, System to set up; (= hinstellen) Ausstellungsstücke, kaltes Büfett, Brettspiel etc to set or lay out; (inf) Posten, Ordnungspersonal etc to post; (= zusammenbauen) elektrische Schaltung etc to put together, to assemble

2) (= daraufbauen) Stockwerk to add (on), to build on; Karosserie to mount

3) (fig = gestalten) Organisation, Land, Armee, Geschäft, Angriff, Druck, Spannung, Verbindung to build up; Zerstörtes to rebuild; Theorie, Plan, System to construct

4) (fig = fördern, weiterentwickeln) Gesundheit, Kraft to build up; Star, Politiker to promote; Beziehung to build

5)

6) (= strukturieren, konstruieren) to construct; Aufsatz, Rede, Organisation to structure

2. vi

1) (= sich gründen) to be based or founded (

2)

3. vr

1) (inf = sich postieren) to take up position

2) (=sich bilden Wolken, Hochdruckgebiet) to build up

3)

4)

* * *

1) (to strengthen gradually (a business, one's health, reputation etc): His father built up that grocery business from nothing.) build up

2) (to achieve or gain (something): He carved out a career for himself.) carve out

* * *

I. vt

1. (zusammenbauen)

▪ etw \aufbauen to put up sth sep

einen Motor \aufbauen (sl) to assemble an engine

2. (errichten)

▪ etw \aufbauen to erect sth; (aufstellen a.) to put up sth sep; (bauen a.) to build [or construct] sth

ein Zelt \aufbauen to put up sep [or erect] a tent

3. (von neuem aufbauen)

▪ etw \aufbauen to rebuild sth

ein Haus/Land neu [o wieder] \aufbauen to rebuild a house/country

4. (hinstellen)

▪ etw \aufbauen to set [or lay] out sth sep

ein kaltes Büfett \aufbauen to set [or lay] out a cold buffet sep

ein Schachspiel \aufbauen to set up a game of chess

5. (schaffen, entwickeln)

▪ etw \aufbauen to build up sth sep

eine Beziehung/enge Bindung zu jdm \aufbauen to build up [or establish] a relationship/a close relationship with sb

sich dat eine neue Existenz [o ein neues Leben] \aufbauen to build up a new life [for oneself]

Kontakte \aufbauen to build up contacts

eine Organisation \aufbauen to build up an organization sep

einen Staat \aufbauen to build a state

eine Theorie \aufbauen to construct a theory

6. (herstellen)

eine Verbindung \aufbauen to make [or form effect] a connection

7. (strukturieren)

▪ etw \aufbauen to structure sth

der Aufsatz ist logisch aufgebaut the essay is logically structured

wie ist der Kristall aufgebaut? what is the structure of the crystal?

8. (basieren)

▪ etw auf etw dat \aufbauen to base [or construct] sth on sth

9. (fördern)

▪ jdn [zu etw dat] \aufbauen to build up sb sep [into sth]

jdn zum Star \aufbauen to build up sb sep into [or to promote sb as] a star

10. (verbessern)

▪ etw \aufbauen to build up sth sep

die Abwehrkräfte \aufbauen to build up body immunity

den Körper \aufbauen, Kraft \aufbauen to build up one's strength sep

die Kondition wieder \aufbauen to rebuild stamina

Muskulatur \aufbauen to build up muscle sep

11. (fam: stärken)

▪ jdn [wieder] \aufbauen (körperlich) to build up sb sep; (moralisch) to give fresh heart to sb; (aufmuntern) to cheer up sb, to lift sb's spirit sep

12. (daraufbauen)

etw \aufbauen to add [on sep] sth, to build on sth sep

etw auf etw akk \aufbauen to add [or build] sth on sth

die Karosserie auf das Fahrgestell \aufbauen to mount the body shell to the chassis

II. vi

1. (sich gründen)

▪ auf etw dat \aufbauen to be based [or founded] on sth

dieses Musikstück baut auf den Regeln der Zwölftonmusik auf this piece [of music] is based on twelve-tone principles

2. (mit dem Aufbau beschäftigt sein) to be building

wir sind noch dabei aufzubauen we are still building

bis dahin müssen wir aufgebaut haben we have to have finished building by then

III. vr

1. (fam: sich postieren)

▪ sich akk vor jdm \aufbauen to stand up in front of sb

sich drohend vor jdm \aufbauen to plant oneself in front of sb fam

▪ sich akk vor etw dat \aufbauen to take up position in front of sth

2. (sich gründen)

▪ sich akk auf etw dat \aufbauen to be based [or founded] on sth

3. (sich bilden)

▪ sich akk \aufbauen to build up

Regenwolken bauten sich auf rainclouds started to build up

4. (bestehen aus)

▪ sich akk aus etw dat \aufbauen to be built up [or composed] of sth

* * *

1) auch itr. (errichten, aufstellen) erect < hut, kiosk, podium>; set up <equipment, train set>; build < house, bridge>; put up < tent>

2) (hinstellen, arrangieren) lay or set out <food, presents, etc.>

3) (fig.): (schaffen) build <state, economy, social order, life, political party, etc.>; build up <business, organization, army, spy network>

4) (fig.): (strukturieren) structure

5) (fig.): (fördern)

6) (gründen)

7) (Biol.) synthesize

1) (ugs.): (sich hinstellen) plant oneself

2) (sich zusammensetzen) be composed ( aus of)

* * *

aufbauen (trennb, hat -ge-)

A. v/t

1. (Zelt) put up; (Lager) set up; (Bude, Bühne, Kamera etc) set ( oder put) up, erect; (Ausstellung, Schaubild) mount; (Gerüst) assemble;

(Häuser, Stadt etc)

neu oder

wieder aufbauen rebuild

2. (anordnen) (Büffet, Geschenke, Waren) arrange

3. (Unternehmen, Organisation) (gründen) set up, found; (erweitern) build up;

sich (dat)

eine Existenz aufbauen build a life for o.s.;

nach dem Krieg die Wirtschaft wieder aufbauen rebuild the economy after the war

4. (Drama, Aufsatz) structure

5.

jemanden aufbauen (Mut machen) build sb up; kurzfristig: auch give sb a pep talk

6. (Politiker, Sportler) karrieremäßig: build up

B. v/t & v/i fig:

aufbauen auf (+akk) build on

C. v/i:

aufbauen auf (+dat) Theorie etc: be based on;

dieser Kurs baut auf dem Anfängerkurs auf the course carries on from ( oder is based on) the beginners’ course

D. v/r:

1. Wolken, Aggressionen etc: build up

2.

sich aufbauen auf (+dat) Stoff etc: be made up ( oder composed) of

3.

sich aufbauen auf (+dat) Theorie etc: be based on

4.

er baute sich vor mir auf he planted himself in front of me

* * *

1) auch itr. (errichten, aufstellen) erect <hut, kiosk, podium>; set up <equipment, train set>; build <house, bridge>; put up < tent>

2) (hinstellen, arrangieren) lay or set out <food, presents, etc.>

3) (fig.): (schaffen) build <state, economy, social order, life, political party, etc.>; build up <business, organization, army, spy network>

4) (fig.): (strukturieren) structure

5) (fig.): (fördern)

6) (gründen)

7) (Biol.) synthesize

1) (ugs.): (sich hinstellen) plant oneself

2) (sich zusammensetzen) be composed ( aus of)

* * *

to build (up) v.

to establish v.

to synthesise (UK) v.

to synthesize (US) v.

1 work.

la obra pictórica de Miguel Ángel Michelangelo's paintings

obra de arte work of art

obras completas complete works

obra de consulta reference work

obra maestra masterpiece

2 work.

obras roadworks (en carretera)

vamos a hacer obra o obras en la cocina we're going to make some alterations to our kitchen

cerrado por obras closed for refurbishment (en letrero)

obras públicas public works

3 building site.

4 play.

5 opus, piece of work, composition, piece.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: obrar.

2^nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: obrar.

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 (trabajo) work

2 LITERATURA (obras completas) work; (libro) book

3 (acto) deed

■ esto seguro que es obra suya I'm sure it's his work

4 (institución) institution, foundation

5 (construcción) building site

► nombre femenino plural obras

1 (en casa) alterations, repairs; (en carretera) road works

■ no quiero meterme en obras I don't want to start having alterations done

■ esta semana estamos de obras we've got the workmen in this week

■ había retenciones a causa de las obras there were delays because of the roadworks

■ 'Carretera cortada por obras' "Road closed for repairs"

\

'En obras' "Building works"

¡manos a la obra! let's get cracking!

obras son amores, que no buenas razones actions speak louder than words

por obra y gracia de thanks to

por obra y gracia del Espíritu Santo by the power of the Holy Spirit 2 familiar as if by magic

obra benéfica charity

obra de arte work of art

obra de caridad good deed

obra de teatro play

obra maestra masterpiece

obra musical musical

obras completas collected works

obras públicas public works

* * *

1) work

2) play

•

- obra maestra

* * *

1) (=acción) deed

- ser obra de romanos

- obras son amores y no buenas razones

2) [de creación artística]

a) (=producción total) (Arte, Literat, Teat, Mús) work

b) (=pieza) (Arte, Mús) work; (Teat) play; (Literat) book, work

3) (Constr)

a) (=edificio en construcción) building site, construction site

- ser o parecer la obra del Escorial

b)

c) pl obras [en edificio] building work sing, construction work sing ; [en carretera] roadworks

4) (=ejecución) workmanship

- poner manos a la obra

5) Chile brickwork

6)

7)

* * *

1)

a) ( creación artística) work

b) (Mús) work, opus

- obra de arte

- obra de consulta

- obra maestra

2) ( acción)

- obra benéfica or de beneficencia

- obra social

3) (Arquit, Const)

a) ( construcción) building work

b) ( sitio) building o construction site

- obras públicas

4) la Obra (Relig) the Opus Dei

* * *

1)

a) ( creación artística) work

b) (Mús) work, opus

- obra de arte

- obra de consulta

- obra maestra

2) ( acción)

- obra benéfica or de beneficencia

- obra social

3) (Arquit, Const)

a) ( construcción) building work

b) ( sitio) building o construction site

- obras públicas

4) la Obra (Relig) the Opus Dei

* * *

obra¹

¹ = alterations, building site, construction site.

obra²

² = item, title, work, stock item, oeuvre.

Nota: Conjunto de publicaciones de un individuo o grupo.

* * *

1 (creación artística) work

esta escultura es una de sus primeras obras this sculpture is one of her earliest works o pieces

una obra literaria importante an important literary work

ésta es una obra menor this is a minor work

una excelente obra de artesanía an excellent piece of craftsmanship

la obra cinematográfica de Buñuel Buñuel's films, Buñuel's oeuvre ( frml)

las obras completas de García Lorca the complete o collected works of García Lorca

sus obras de teatro or su obra dramática her plays

2 ( Mús) work, opus

work of art

reference book, work of reference

masterpiece, chef d'oeuvre ( frml)

(acción): ya he hecho mi buena obra del día I reckon I've done my good deed for the day

por sus obras los conoceréis ( Bib) by their works will you know them

hizo muchas obras de misericordia she performed many charitable deeds

ha trabajado incansablemente, todo esto es obra suya she has worked tirelessly, all this is her doing

esto es obra de Víctor this is Víctor's doing

por obra (y gracia) del Espíritu Santo ( Relig) by the grace of God

piensa que la casa se va a pintar por obra y gracia del Espíritu Santo ( hum); he seems to think the house will paint itself

ser obra de romanos or de benedictinos to be a huge o mammoth task

obras son amores que no buenas razones actions speak louder than words

(acto) charitable act o deed, act of charity; (organización) charity, charitable organization

(labor filantrópica) benevolent o charitable work; (mutualidad) ( Arg) ≈ benefit society ( in US), ≈ friendly society ( in UK)

C ( Arquit, Const) (construcción) building work

la casa aún está en obra the house is still being built, the house is still under construction ( frml)

perdona el desorden, estamos de or en obras sorry about the mess, we're having some building work done o ( colloq) we've got the builders in

[ S ] instalación de calefacción sin obra heating systems installed — no building work involved

[ S ] peligro: obras danger: building o construction work in progress

[ S ] cerrado por obras closed for repairs/refurbishment

mano¹ (↑ mano (1))

freeboard, dead work ( ant)

(Col, Méx): el edificio está en obra negra the building is just a shell

fpl major works ( requiring building permission)

fpl minor works ( which may require building permission)

fpl public works (pl)

fpl ( AmL) roadworks (pl)

fpl ( Esp) roadworks (pl)

D (sitio) building o construction site

la Obra ( Relig) the Opus Dei

* * *

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

◊ sus primeras obras her earliest works;

◊ mi buena obra del día my good deed for the day;

a) ( construcción) building work;

◊ estamos de obras we're having some building work done

b) ( sitio) building o construction site

◊ obra de buena fe to act in good faith

* * *

obra nf

1. [trabajo, acción]

ya he hecho la buena obra del día I've done my good deed for the day;

poner algo en obra to put sth into effect;

por obra (y gracia) de thanks to;

por sus obras los conoceréis by their works will you know them;

es obra suya it's his doing;

la ruina de las cosechas es obra de la sequía the crops have been ruined as a result of the drought;

obras son amores y no buenas razones actions speak louder than words

obra de beneficencia [institución] charity;

obra de caridad [institución] charity;

obras sociales community work

2. [creación artística] work;

la obra pictórica de Miguel Ángel Michelangelo's paintings;

una obra de artesanía a piece of craftsmanship

obras completas complete works;

obra de consulta reference work;

obra dramática [pieza] play, drama;

obra maestra masterpiece;

obra menor minor work

3. [trabajo de construcción] work;

el ayuntamiento va a empezar una obra en el descampado the council is going to start building on the wasteground;

vamos a hacer obra o [m5] obras en la cocina we're going to make some alterations to our kitchen;

toda la calle está en obras there are roadworks all along the road;

el edificio lleva en obras más de dos meses the work on the building has been going on for over two months;

cortada por obras [letrero en calle] road closed for repairs;

cerrado por obras [letrero en restaurante, edificio] closed for refurbishment;

obras [en carretera] roadworks

obras públicas public works

4. [solar en construcción] building site;

encontró trabajo en una obra he found work on a building site

5. [trabajo de albañilería]

6.

* * *

1 work;

obras completas complete works

2 ( acción)

hacer buenas obras do good deeds;

por obra de thanks to, as a result of;

poner por o L.Am.

en obra set in motion;

¡manos a la obra! let’s get to work!

de obra muro, chimenea brick atr