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1 cut
[kʌt] 1. pt, pp cut, vtbread, meat kroić (pokroić perf); hand, knee rozcinać (rozciąć perf); grass przycinać (przyciąć perf); hair obcinać (obciąć perf); scene ( from book) usuwać (usunąć perf); (from film, broadcast) wycinać (wyciąć perf); prices obniżać (obniżyć perf); spending, supply ograniczać (ograniczyć perf); garment kroić (skroić perf); line, path przecinać (przeciąć perf); ( inf) ( cancel) odwoływać (odwołać perf)to cut one's finger — skaleczyć się ( perf) w palec
to get one's hair cut — obcinać (obciąć perf) sobie włosy
to cut sth short — skracać (skrócić perf) coś
to cut sb dead — udawać (udać perf), że się kogoś nie widzi
Phrasal Verbs:- cut back- cut down- cut in- cut off- cut out- cut up2. vi 3. n( in skin) skaleczenie nt; (in salary, spending) cięcie nt; ( of meat) płat m; ( of garment) krój m4. adjcold cuts (US) — różne rodzaje wędlin i zimnych mięs pokrojone w plasterki
jewel (o)szlifowany* * *1. present participle - cutting; verb1) (to make an opening in, usually with something with a sharp edge: He cut the paper with a pair of scissors.) ciąć2) (to separate or divide by cutting: She cut a slice of bread; The child cut out the pictures; She cut up the meat into small pieces.) ciąć3) (to make by cutting: She cut a hole in the cloth.) wycinać4) (to shorten by cutting; to trim: to cut hair; I'll cut the grass.) ciąć, strzyc5) (to reduce: They cut my wages by ten per cent.) obcinać6) (to remove: They cut several passages from the film.) wycinać7) (to wound or hurt by breaking the skin (of): I cut my hand on a piece of glass.) przecinać8) (to divide (a pack of cards).) przekładać9) (to stop: When the actress said the wrong words, the director ordered `Cut!') przerywać10) (to take a short route or way: He cut through/across the park on his way to the office; A van cut in in front of me on the motorway.) skracać, ścinać, zajeżdżać drogę11) (to meet and cross (a line or geometrical figure): An axis cuts a circle in two places.) przecinać12) (to stay away from (a class, lecture etc): He cut school and went to the cinema.) opuszczać, nie uczęszczać do13) ((also cut dead) to ignore completely: She cut me dead in the High Street.) ignorować2. noun1) (the result of an act of cutting: a cut on the head; a power-cut (= stoppage of electrical power); a haircut; a cut in prices.) cięcie, obcięcie, przerwa2) (the way in which something is tailored, fashioned etc: the cut of the jacket.) krój3) (a piece of meat cut from an animal: a cut of beef.) kawałek, porcja•- cutter- cutting 3. adjective(insulting or offending: a cutting remark.) zjadliwy- cut-price
- cut-throat 4. adjective(fierce; ruthless: cut-throat business competition.) bezlitosny- cut and dried
- cut back
- cut both ways
- cut a dash
- cut down
- cut in
- cut it fine
- cut no ice
- cut off
- cut one's losses
- cut one's teeth
- cut out
- cut short -
2 hold
[həuld] 1. pt, pp held, vt( in hand) trzymać; ( contain) mieścić (pomieścić perf); qualifications posiadać; power, permit, opinion mieć; meeting, conversation odbywać (odbyć perf); prisoner, hostage przetrzymywać (przetrzymać perf)to hold sb responsible/liable — obarczać (obarczyć perf) kogoś odpowiedzialnością
to get hold of ( fig) — object, information zdobywać (zdobyć perf) +acc; person łapać (złapać perf) +acc (inf)
to get hold of o.s. — brać (wziąć perf) się w garść
to hold firm/fast — trzymać się mocno
he holds the view that … — jest zdania, że …
I don't hold with … — nie popieram +gen
hold still, hold steady — nie ruszaj się
Phrasal Verbs:- hold off- hold on- hold out- hold up2. viglue etc trzymać (mocno); argument etc zachowywać (zachować perf) ważność, pozostawać w mocy; offer, invitation być aktualnym; luck, weather utrzymywać się (utrzymać się perf); ( TEL) czekać (zaczekać perf)3. n( grasp) chwyt m; (of ship, plane) ładownia f* * *I 1. [həuld] past tense, past participle - held; verb1) (to have in one's hand(s) or between one's hands: He was holding a knife; Hold that dish with both hands; He held the little boy's hand; He held the mouse by its tail.) trzymać2) (to have in a part, or between parts, of the body, or between parts of a tool etc: He held the pencil in his teeth; She was holding a pile of books in her arms; Hold the stamp with tweezers.) trzymać3) (to support or keep from moving, running away, falling etc: What holds that shelf up?; He held the door closed by leaning against it; Hold your hands above your head; Hold his arms so that he can't struggle.) trzymać, przytrzymywać4) (to remain in position, fixed etc when under strain: I've tied the two pieces of string together, but I'm not sure the knot will hold; Will the anchor hold in a storm?) wytrzymywać5) (to keep (a person) in some place or in one's power: The police are holding a man for questioning in connection with the murder; He was held captive.) zatrzymać6) (to (be able to) contain: This jug holds two pints; You can't hold water in a handkerchief; This drawer holds all my shirts.) (po)mieścić7) (to cause to take place: The meeting will be held next week; We'll hold the meeting in the hall.) odbywać8) (to keep (oneself), or to be, in a particular state or condition: We'll hold ourselves in readiness in case you send for us; She holds herself very erect.) trzymać się9) (to have or be in (a job etc): He held the position of company secretary for five years.) zajmować stanowisko10) (to think strongly; to believe; to consider or regard: I hold that this was the right decision; He holds me (to be) responsible for everyone's mistakes; He is held in great respect; He holds certain very odd beliefs.) uważać że, utrzymywać, mieć11) (to continue to be valid or apply: Our offer will hold until next week; These rules hold under all circumstances.) być aktualnym, obowiązywać12) ((with to) to force (a person) to do something he has promised to do: I intend to hold him to his promises.) zmusić do dotrzymania (obietnicy)13) (to defend: They held the castle against the enemy.) bronić14) (not to be beaten by: The general realized that the soldiers could not hold the enemy for long.) powstrzymać15) (to keep (a person's attention): If you can't hold your pupils' attention, you can't be a good teacher.) utrzymywać16) (to keep someone in a certain state: Don't hold us in suspense, what was the final decision?) przetrzymać17) (to celebrate: The festival is held on 24 June.) obchodzić18) (to be the owner of: He holds shares in this company.) posiadać19) ((of good weather) to continue: I hope the weather holds until after the school sports.) utrzymywać się20) ((also hold the line) (of a person who is making a telephone call) to wait: Mr Brown is busy at the moment - will you hold or would you like him to call you back?) czekać (przy telefonie)21) (to continue to sing: Please hold that note for four whole beats.) trzymać22) (to keep (something): They'll hold your luggage at the station until you collect it.) przechowywać23) ((of the future) to be going to produce: I wonder what the future holds for me?) gotować2. noun1) (the act of holding: He caught/got/laid/took hold of the rope and pulled; Keep hold of that rope.) chwyt2) (power; influence: He has a strange hold over that girl.) wpływ3) ((in wrestling etc) a manner of holding one's opponent: The wrestler invented a new hold.) chwyt•- - holder- hold-all
- get hold of
- hold back
- hold down
- hold forth
- hold good
- hold it
- hold off
- hold on
- hold out
- hold one's own
- hold one's tongue
- hold up
- hold-up
- hold with II [həuld] noun((in ships) the place, below the deck, where cargo is stored.) ładownia -
3 control
[kən'trəul] 1. vtcountry sprawować władzę w +loc; organization sprawować kontrolę nad +instr, kierować +instr; machinery, process sterować +instr; wages, prices kontrolować; one's emotions panować nad +instr; fire, disease opanowywać (opanować perf)2. n( of country) władza f; (of organization, stocks) kontrola f; (also: control group) grupa f kontrolnato take control of — przejmować (przejąć perf) kontrolę nad +instr
to be in control of — panować nad +instr
to get out of control — wymykać się (wymknąć się perf) spod kontroli
- controls* * *[kən'trəul] 1. noun1) (the right of directing or of giving orders; power or authority: She has control over all the decisions in that department; She has no control over that dog.) władza2) (the act of holding back or restraining: control of prices; I know you're angry but you must not lose control (of yourself).) opanowanie3) ((often in plural) a lever, button etc which operates (a machine etc): The clutch and accelerator are foot controls in a car.) dźwignia, pokrętło itp.4) (a point or place at which an inspection takes place: passport control.) punkt kontroli2. verb1) (to direct or guide; to have power or authority over: The captain controls the whole ship; Control your dog!) kierować, nadzorować2) (to hold back; to restrain (oneself or one's emotions etc): Control yourself!) panować nad sobą3) (to keep to a fixed standard: The government is controlling prices.) sterować, regulować•- control-tower
- in control of
- in control
- out of control
- under control -
4 rise
[raɪz] 1. n( incline) wzniesienie nt; ( BRIT) ( salary increase) podwyżka f; (in prices, temperature) wzrost m; ( fig)2. vi; pt rose, pp risenrise to power — dojście nt do władzy
prices, numbers rosnąć, wzrastać (wzrosnąć perf); waters, voice, level podnosić się (podnieść się perf); sun, moon wschodzić (wzejść perf); wind przybierać (przybrać perf) na sile; sound wznosić się (wznieść się perf); (from bed, knees) wstawać (wstać perf); (also: rise up) tower, building wznosić się; ( rebel) powstawać (powstać perf)to rise to power — dochodzić (dojść perf) do władzy
to give rise to — discussion, misunderstandings wywoływać (wywołać perf); ( life) dawać (dać perf) początek +dat
to rise to the occasion — stawać (stanąć perf) na wysokości zadania
* * *1. past tense - rose; verb1) (to become greater, larger, higher etc; to increase: Food prices are still rising; His temperature rose; If the river rises much more, there will be a flood; Her voice rose to a scream; Bread rises when it is baked; His spirits rose at the good news.) rosnąć, podnosić się2) (to move upwards: Smoke was rising from the chimney; The birds rose into the air; The curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.) wznosić się3) (to get up from bed: He rises every morning at six o'clock.) wstawać4) (to stand up: The children all rose when the headmaster came in.) powstać5) ((of the sun etc) to appear above the horizon: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.) wschodzić6) (to slope upwards: Hills rose in the distance; The ground rises at this point.) wznosić się7) (to rebel: The people rose (up) in revolt against the dictator.) powstać8) (to move to a higher rank, a more important position etc: He rose to the rank of colonel.) awansować9) ((of a river) to begin or appear: The Rhône rises in the Alps.) wypływać10) ((of wind) to begin; to become stronger: Don't go out in the boat - the wind has risen.) podnieść się11) (to be built: Office blocks are rising all over the town.) wyrastać12) (to come back to life: Jesus has risen.) zmartwychwstać2. noun1) ((the) act of rising: He had a rapid rise to fame; a rise in prices.) wyniesienie, zwyżka2) (an increase in salary or wages: She asked her boss for a rise.) podwyżka3) (a slope or hill: The house is just beyond the next rise.) wzniesienie4) (the beginning and early development of something: the rise of the Roman Empire.) początki, rozkwit•- rising3. adjectivethe rising sun; rising prices; the rising generation; a rising young politician.) wschodzący, rosnący, dorastający- early- late riser
- give rise to
- rise to the occasion
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