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81 शिव
ṡivámf (ā́)n. (according to Uṇ. I, 153, fr. 1. ṡī, « in whom all things lie» ;
perhaps connected with ṡvi cf. ṡavas, ṡiṡvi) auspicious, propitious, gracious, favourable, benign, kind, benevolent, friendly, dear (ám ind. kindly, tenderly) RV. etc. etc.;
happy, fortunate BhP. ;
m. happiness, welfare (cf. n.) R. V, 56, 36 ;
liberation, final emancipation L. ;
« The Auspicious one»
N. of the disintegrating orᅠ destroying andᅠ reproducing deity (who constitutes the third god of the Hindū Trimūrti orᅠ Triad, the other two being Brahmā. « the creator» andᅠ Vishṇu « the preserver» ;
in the Veda the only N. of the destroying deity wss Rudra « the terrible god»,
but in later times it became usual to give that god the euphemistic N. Ṡiva « the auspicious» <just as the Furies were called Eὐμενίδες « the gracious ones» >, andᅠ to assign him the office of creation andᅠ reproduction as well as dissolution;
in fact the preferential worship of Ṡiva as developed in the Purāṇas andᅠ Epic poems led to his being identified with the Supreme Being by his exclusive worshippers < called Ṡaivas>;
in his character of destroyer he is sometimes called Kāla « black», andᅠ is then alsoᅠ identified with Time, although his active destroying function is then oftener assigned to his wife under her name Kālī, whose formidable character makes her a general object of propitiation by sacrifices;
as presiding over reproduction consequent on destruction Ṡiva's symbol is the Liṇga <q.v.> orᅠ Phallus, under which form he is worshipped all over India at the present day;
again one of his representations is as Ardha-nārī, « half-female», the other half being male to symbolize the unity of the generative principle RTL. 85 ;
he has three eyes, one of which is in his forehead, andᅠ which are thought to denote his view of the three divisions of time, past, present, andᅠ future, while a moon's crescent, above the central eye, marks the measure of time by months, a serpent round his neck the measure by years,
andᅠ a second necklace of skulls with other serpents about his person, the perpetual revolution of ages, andᅠ the successive extinction andᅠ generation of the races of mankind:
his hair is thickly matted together, andᅠ gathered above his forehead into a coil;
on the top of it he bears the Ganges, the rush of which in its descent from heaven he intercepted by his head that the earth might not be crushed by the weight of the falling stream;
his throat is dark-blue from the stain of the deadly poison which would have destroyed the world had it not been swallowed by him on its production at the churning of the ocean by the gods for the nectar of immortality;
he holds a tri-ṡūla, orᅠ three-pronged trident < alsoᅠ called Pināka> in his hand to denote, as some think, his combination of the three attributes of Creator, Destroyer, andᅠ Regenerator;
he alsoᅠ carries a kind of drum, shaped like an hour-glass, called Ḍamaru:
his attendants orᅠ servants are called Pramatha <qq.vv.>;
they are regarded as demons orᅠ supernatural beings of different kinds, andᅠ form various hosts orᅠ troops called Gaṇas;
his wife Durgā <otherwise called Kālī, Pārvatī, Umā, Gaurī, Bhavāṇī etc.> is the chief object of worship with the Ṡāktas andᅠ Tāntrikas, andᅠ in this connection he is fond of dancing < seeᅠ tāṇḍava> andᅠ wine-drinking;
he is alsoᅠ worshipped as a great ascetic andᅠ is said to have scorched the god of love (Kāma-deva) to ashes by a glance from his central eye, that deity having attempted to inflame him with passion for Pārvatī whilst he was engaged in severe penance;
in the exercise of his function of Universal Destroyer he is fabled to have burnt up the Universe andᅠ all the gods, including Brahmā. andᅠ Vishṇu, by a similar scorching glance,
andᅠ to have rubbed the resulting ashes upon his body, whence the use of ashes in his worship, while the use of the Rudrâksha berries originated, it is said, from the legend that Ṡiva,
on his way to destroy the three cities, called Tri-pura, let fall some tears of rage which became converted into these beads:
his residence orᅠ heaven is Kailāsa, one of the loftiest northern peaks of the Himâlaya;
he has strictly no incarnations like those of Vishṇu, though Vīra-bhadra andᅠ the eight Bhairavas andᅠ Khaṇḍo-bā etc. RTL. 266 are sometimes regarded as forms of him;
he is especially worshipped at Benares andᅠ has even more names than Vishṇu,
one thousand andᅠ eight being specified in the 69th chapter of the Ṡiva-Purāṇa andᅠ in the 17th chapter of the Anuṡāsana-parvan of the Maha-bhārata, some of the most common being Mahā-deva, Ṡambhu, Ṡaṃkara, Īṡa, Īṡvara, Mahêṡvara, Hara;
his sons are Gaṇêṡa andᅠ Kārttikeya) ĀṡvṠr. MBh. Kāv. etc.. RTL. 73 ;
a kind of second Siva (with Ṡaivas), a person who has attained a partic. stage of perfection orᅠ emancipation MBh. Sarvad. ;
ṡiva-liṅga L. ;
any god L. ;
a euphemistic N. of a jackal (generally ṡivā f. q.v.);
sacred writings L. ;
(in astron.) N. of the sixth month;
a post for cows (to which they are tied orᅠ for them to rub against) L. ;
bdellium L. ;
the fragrant bark of Feronia Elephantum L. ;
Marsilia Dentata L. ;
a kind of thorn-apple orᅠ = puṇḍarīka (the tree) L. ;
quicksilver L. (cf. ṡiva-bīja);
a partic. auspicious constellation L. ;
a demon who inflicts diseases Hariv. ;
= ṡukra m. kāla m. vasu m. L. ;
the swift antelope L. ;
rum, spirit distilled from molasses L. ;
buttermilk L. ;
a ruby L. ;
a peg L. ;
time L. ;
N. of a son of Medhâtithi MārkP. ;
of a son of Idhma-jihva BhP. ;
of a prince andᅠ various authors ( alsoᅠ with dīkshita, bhaṭṭa, paṇḍita, yajvan, sūri etc.) Cat. ;
of a fraudulent person Kathās. ;
(du.) the god Ṡiva andᅠ his wife Kir. V, 40 Pracaṇḍ. I, 20 ;
(cf. Vām. V, 2, 1);
pl. N. of a class of gods in the third Manvantara Pur. ;
of a class of Brāhmans who have attained a partic. degree of perfection like that of Ṡiva MBh. ;
(ā) f. Ṡiva's wife ( alsoᅠ ṡivī) seeᅠ ṡivā below ;
(am) n. welfare, prosperity, bliss ( āya, éna orᅠ ébhis, « auspiciously, fortunately, happily, luckily» ;
ṡivāyagamyatām, « a prosperous journey to you!») RV. etc. etc.;
final emancipation L. ;
water L. ;
rock-salt L. ;
sea-salt L. ;
a kind of borax L. ;
iron L. ;
myrobolan L. ;
Tabernaemontana Coronaria L. ;
sandal L. ;
N. of a Purāṇa (= ṡiva-purāṇa orᅠ ṡaiva) Cat. ;
of the house in which the Pāṇḍavas were to be burnt MārkP. ;
of a Varsha in Plaksha-dvīpa andᅠ in Jambu-dvīpa Pur. ;
- शिवकण्ठमलिका
- शिवकर
- शिवकर्णामृत
- शिवकर्णी
- शिवकवच
- शिवकाञ्ची
- शिवकान्ता
- शिवकान्ती
- शिवकामदुघा
- शिवकारिणी
- शिवकिंकर
- शिवकीर्तन
- शिवकुण्ड
- शिवकुसुमाञ्जलि
- शिवकृष्ण
- शिवकेशादिपादान्तवर्णनस्तोत्र
- शिवकेसर
- शिवकोपमुनि
- शिवकोश
- शिवक्षेत्र
- शिवखण्ड
- शिवगङ्गा
- शिवगण
- शिवगति
- शिवगया
- शिवगायत्री
- शिवगीता
- शिवगुप्तदेव
- शिवगुरु
- शिवघर्मज
- शिवंकर
- शिवचक्र
- शिवचतुःश्लोकीव्याख्या
- शिवचतुर्दशी
- शिवचन्द्र
- शिवचम्पू
- शिवचरित्र
- शिवचित्त
- शिवजी
- शिवज्ञ
- शिवज्ञान
- शिवज्योतिर्विद्
- शिवतत्त्व
- शिवतन्त्र
- शिवतम
- शिवतर
- शिवता
- शिवताण्डव
- शिवताति
- शिवताल
- शिवतीर्थ
- शिवत्व
- शिवदण्डक
- शिवदत्त
- शिवदयालु
- शिवदयासहर्स्र
- शिवदशक
- शिवदायिन्
- शिवदारु
- शिवदास
- शिवदिश्
- शिवदीक्षा
- शिवदीन
- शिवदूतिका
- शिवदूती
- शिवदृष्टि
- शिवदेव
- शिवदैव
- शिवद्युमणिदीपिका
- शिवद्रुम
- शिवद्विष्टा
- शिवधनुर्वेद
- शिवधर्म
- शिवधातु
- शिवधार
- शिवधारिणी
- शिवध्यानपद्धति
- शिवनक्षत्रपुरुषव्रत
- शिवनक्षत्रमालिका
- शिवनाथ
- शिवनाभि
- शिवनामावली
- शिवनामाष्टोत्तरशत
- शिवनारायण
- शिवनिर्माल्यभक्षण
- शिवनिर्वाणस्तोत्र
- शिवपञ्चमुखध्यान
- शिवपञ्चवदनस्तोत्र
- शिवपञ्चाक्षरस्तोत्र
- शिवपञ्चाक्षरी
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82 T
abbr (= tonnellata) t (= tonne)* * *t s.f. o m. ( ventesima lettera dell'alfabeto) t (pl. ts, t's) // (tel.) t come Torino, t for Tommy (o amer. t for Tare) // (tecn.) T a bulbo, bulb-tee; ( raccordo a) T a 90o, 90o tee // a T, fatto a T, T (o T-shaped): ferro a T, T-iron; squadra a T, tee square.* * *= t* * *T= tabacchi tobacconist's. -
83 катушка
barrel, bobbin, coil, reel, roll, spool, ( ленты пишущей машины) thimble* * *кату́шка ж.1. эл. coilвключа́ть кату́шку в цепь не по́лностью — connect to a tap down on the coil, tap down a coilукла́дывать кату́шку (обмо́тки) в пазы́ (напр. статора или ротора) — drop a (winding) coil in (e. g., stator or rotor) slots2. полигр. proof press3. текст. bobbin, spool, reelнадева́ть кату́шку — creel the bobbinбинокуля́рная кату́шка — binocular coilбиспира́льная кату́шка — coiled coilбифиля́рная кату́шка — bifilar coilбочкообра́зная кату́шка — convex [barrel shaped] bobbinво́гнутая кату́шка — concave bobbinкату́шка возбужде́ния — excitation [field] coil; ( индуктивного аттенюатора) launching coil; ( камертонного генератора) drive coilвоспринима́ющая кату́шка ( индуктивного аттенюатора) — pick-up coilди́сковая кату́шка — disk [pancake] coilди́сковая, пло́ская кату́шка — spider-web coilдро́ссельная кату́шка — choke coilдугогася́щая кату́шка — arc-suppression coilдутьева́я кату́шка — blow-out coilкату́шка зажига́ния — ignition coilзвукова́я кату́шка ( громкоговорителя) — voice coilзо́ндовая кату́шка — probe [exploring] coilизмери́тельная кату́шка — search coil, pick-up loopкату́шка индукти́вности — inductance coil, inductorиндукцио́нная кату́шка — induction [Ruhmkorff] coilиска́тельная кату́шка ( дефектоскопа) — search conкату́шка колеба́тельного ко́нтура — tuned-circuit [tank] coilкорзи́ночная кату́шка — basket [stagger-wound, Lorenz] coilкрути́льная кату́шка — doubler bobbinкату́шка магни́тного дутья́ — magnetic blow-out coilкату́шка механи́зма расцепле́ния ( выключателя-мата) — trip coilмногосло́йная кату́шка — multilayer coilнагрева́тельная кату́шка — heater coilнастро́ечная кату́шка — tuning coilкату́шка обра́тной свя́зи, ано́дная — брит. ticklerодносло́йная кату́шка — single-layer coilосно́вная кату́шка — warp bobbinотклоня́ющая кату́шка ( ЭЛТ) — deflecting coilотклоня́ющая, ка́дровая кату́шка — vertical [frame] deflection coilотклоня́ющая, строчна́я кату́шка — horizontal [line] deflection coilкату́шка переме́нной индукти́вности — variable inductor, variable inductance coilпупи́новская кату́шка — Pupin [loading] coilпускова́я кату́шка авто — boost(er) coilрасцепля́ющая кату́шка — trip coilкату́шка реле́, включа́ющая — closing coilкату́шка реле́, втя́гивающая — operating coilкату́шка реле́, отключа́ющая — opening coilкату́шка реле́, уде́рживающая — restraining [holding] coilро́вничная кату́шка — flyer bobbinрука́вная кату́шка ( пожарного рукава) — hose reelкату́шка самоинду́кции — self-inductor, self-induction coilкату́шка с возду́шным зазо́ром — air-gap coilкату́шка с возду́шным серде́чником — air-core coilкату́шка свя́зи — coupling coilкату́шка с двойны́м ко́нусом — double-conical bobbinсекцио́нная кату́шка — sectionalized coilкату́шка с желе́зным серде́чником — iron-core(d) coilкату́шка с насыще́нием — saturable inductorснова́льная кату́шка — warper's bobbinкату́шка с одни́м фла́нцем — end-capped bobbinкату́шка сопротивле́ния — resistance coilкату́шка с отво́дами — tapped coilсо́товая кату́шка — honeycomb [lattice, diamond-weave] coilкату́шка с раздви́нутыми витка́ми радио — air-spaced coilкату́шка с ро́вницей — roving bobbinкату́шка с ферри́товым серде́чником — ferrite-cored coilкату́шка с феррока́ртом — ferrocart coilтороида́льная кату́шка — toroidal [doughnut] coilудлини́тельная кату́шка — loading [lengthening] coilустано́вочная кату́шка — current-limiting inductorфла́нцевая кату́шка — flanged bobbinфокуси́рующая кату́шка — focus(ing) coilкату́шка формирова́ния и́мпульсов — pulse-forming coilцилиндри́ческая кату́шка — cylindrical [straight] bobbinшабло́нная кату́шка — form-wound coilшунтова́я кату́шка — shunt coilэкрани́рованная кату́шка — shielded coilкату́шка электромагни́та — electromagnet [solenoid] coilкату́шка я́коря — armature coil -
84 Formblech
Formblech n profiled sheet iron, shaped sheetDeutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > Formblech
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85 acerar
• coat with steel• make bell-shaped• make bitter• make masculine• make mean• make medicinal• make medicinal by adding iron• make medicinal by adding steel• make mention of• make mistakes• make more agreeable• make sport of• make stouter• provide with pavements• provide with sidewalks• turn into steel -
86 U-teräs
• channel iron• U channel• U-shaped bar -
87 tabac
n. m.1. (abbr. bureau de tabac): Tobacconist's. (In France the licence to sell tobacco nearly always goes with that of selling alcoholic drinks, and the Café-Tabac with its distinctive red diamond-shaped sign is part of the typical French scenery.)2. Fumer du tabac de Chine (joc. & iron.): To smoke 'o.p.'s', to cadge 'smokes' from other people. (The jocularity of the expression stems from the pun on Chine with the meaning of 'cadging', not 'China'.)3. Un mauvais tabac. A 'bad business', a bad state of affairs. C'est un mauvais tabac d'être à court de fric le 20 du mois! It's a sorry thing to have run out of housekeeping money after only three weeks!4. 'Rocket', 'roasting', telling-off. Passer un tabac à quelqu'un: To tear a strip off someone.5. Faire tout un tabac: To 'make a song- and-dance about something', to kick up a fuss.6. Passer quelqu'un à tabac: To give someone 'the third degree', to beat someone up. (The passage à tabac is always associated with alleged police brutality.)7. Coup de tabac (Naval slang): 'Spot of rough weather', storm.8. Se donner un tabac terrible: To give oneself no end of trouble, to spare oneself no effort.9. Faire un tabac terrible (th.): To have a rip-roaring success in a stage production.10. C'est du même tabac! It's six of one, half a dozen of the other! — It's much of a muchness! — It's the same thing! -
88 lupata
lŭpātus, a, um, adj. [id.], furnished with wolf's teeth, i. e. iron prickles shaped like a wolf's teeth.I. II.Subst. (sc. freni or frena): lŭpāti, ōrum, m., and lŭpāta, ōrum, n., a curb armed with sharp teeth:equus adeo sprevit lupatos, ut, etc.,
Sol. 45:duris parere lupatis,
Verg. G. 3, 208:asper equus duris contunditur ora lupatis,
Ov. Am. 1, 2, 15:aurea lupata,
Mart. 1, 105, 4. -
89 lupati
lŭpātus, a, um, adj. [id.], furnished with wolf's teeth, i. e. iron prickles shaped like a wolf's teeth.I. II.Subst. (sc. freni or frena): lŭpāti, ōrum, m., and lŭpāta, ōrum, n., a curb armed with sharp teeth:equus adeo sprevit lupatos, ut, etc.,
Sol. 45:duris parere lupatis,
Verg. G. 3, 208:asper equus duris contunditur ora lupatis,
Ov. Am. 1, 2, 15:aurea lupata,
Mart. 1, 105, 4. -
90 lupatus
lŭpātus, a, um, adj. [id.], furnished with wolf's teeth, i. e. iron prickles shaped like a wolf's teeth.I. II.Subst. (sc. freni or frena): lŭpāti, ōrum, m., and lŭpāta, ōrum, n., a curb armed with sharp teeth:equus adeo sprevit lupatos, ut, etc.,
Sol. 45:duris parere lupatis,
Verg. G. 3, 208:asper equus duris contunditur ora lupatis,
Ov. Am. 1, 2, 15:aurea lupata,
Mart. 1, 105, 4. -
91 murex
mūrex, ĭcis, m.I.The purple-fish, Plin. 9, 36, 60, § 125; Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, 11 (Heduph. v. 11, p. 167 Vahl.):II.Baianus,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 32.—The Tritons used the shell as a tuba, Val. Fl. 3, 726.—The shells were also used for holding liquids, Mart. 3, 82, 27.—And for adorning grottos:summa lacunabant alterno murice conchae,
Ov. M. 8, 563.—Transf.A.The purple dye, purple, made from the juice of the purple-fish:B.Tyrioque ardebat murice laena,
Verg. A. 4, 262.—Of bodies shaped (pointed) like the purplefish.1.A pointed rock or slone:2.acuto in murice remi Obnixi crepuere,
Verg. A. 5, 205:Cato sternendum forum muricibus censuerat,
with small, pointed stones, Plin. 19, 1, 6, § 24.—A sharp murex-shell used for a bridle-bit:3.acuto murice frenat Delphinas bijuges,
Stat. Achill. 1; 221.—A caltrop, with sharp points in every direction:4.murices ferreos in terram defodisse Dareum, quā hostem equites emissurum esse credebat,
Curt. 4, 13, 36; Val. Max. 3, 7, 2.—A spike of iron:armarium muricibus praefixum,
Gell. 6, 4, 4. -
92 труба
ж. pipe; piping; tube; tubingжаровая труба — flue tube; flame tube
отсасывающая труба — draught tube; draft tube
спускная труба — discharge pipe; blow-off pipe
циркуляционная труба — circulating pipe; downcomer
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93 электропечь
ж. electric furnaceдуговая электропечь прямого действия с непроводящей подиной — direct-arc non-conducting hearth electric furnace
электропечь сопротивления — resistor furnace; resistance furnace
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94 corrugated
[ˈkɔrəgeɪtɪd] adjectiveshaped into ridges:مُمَوَّج، مُضَلَّـعcorrugated iron.
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95 κερκίς
A weaver's shuttle,χαμαὶ δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε κ. Il.22.448
;χρυσείῃ κερκίδ' ὕφαινεν Od.5.62
, cf. S.Ant. 976 (lyr.), Pl.Cra. 388a;ἱστοῖς κερκίδα δινεύουσα E.Tr. 199
(lyr.);κερκίσιν ἐφεστάναι Id.Hec. 363
;φωνὴ κερκίδος S.Fr. 595
; κερκίδος ὕμνοις ib. 890 (lyr.);κερκίδος ἀοιδοῦ E.Fr. 523
(lyr.): metaph., μήδεα ἀδαμαντίναις ὑφαίνεται κερκίσιν αἶσα Lyr.Adesp.ap.Stob.1.5.11.II any taper rod, of wood, ivory, etc.; as,3 great bone of the leg, tibia, A.R.4.1520, Plu.Alex.45; = κνήμη, Heroph. ap.Ruf.Onom. 123, Poll.2.191.5 rod for stirring liquids, Gal.12.683.6 iron dowel, IG22.1668.52.7 καμπύλοχοι κ., of ploughs, Orph.Fr.33.III wedge-shaped division of the seats in the theatre,περὶ τὴν ἐσχάτην.. κ. καθιζούσας θεωρεῖν Alex.41
, cf. Phld.Acad.Ind.p.26 M., LW 1586 ([place name] Aphrodisias).2 Judas tree, Cercis Siliquastrum, ib.1.11.2.3 white bryony, Bryonia cretica, Gal.14.186. -
96 ὀβελίσκος
A small spit, skewer, Ar.Ach. 1007, Nu. 178, V. 354, Av. 388, 672, Sotad. Com.1.10, X.HG3.3.7, Arist.Pol. 1324b19, PEleph.5.2 (iii B. C.), etc.3 nail, IG12.313.141 (prob.), 11(2).148.70 (Delos, iii B. C., pl.).4 = subula, Gloss.5 window bar, ib. (pl.).II anything shaped like a spit: the blade of a two-edged sword, Plb.6.23.7 ; the iron head of the Roman pilum, D.H.5.46.IV drainage-conduit,οἱ ἐν τοῖς τείχεσιν ὀ. D.S.19.45
, cf. IG 9(1).692.14 (Corc., ii B. C.) ; so perh. περὶ τοῦ πιλῶνος (= πυλῶνος) καὶ τοὐβιλίσκου (= τοῦ ὀβελίσκου) PLond.2.391.2 (vi A. D.) ; cf. .Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὀβελίσκος
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97 Bury, Edward
[br]b. 22 October 1794 Salford, Lancashire, Englandd. 25 November 1858 Scarborough, Yorkshire, England[br]English steam locomotive designer and builder.[br]Bury was the earliest engineer to build locomotives distinctively different from those developed by Robert Stephenson yet successful in mainline passenger service. A Liverpool sawmill owner, he set up as a locomotive manufacturer while the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway was under construction and, after experiments, completed the four-wheeled locomotive Liverpool in 1831. It included features that were to be typical of his designs: a firebox in the form of a vertical cylinder with a dome-shaped top and the front flattened to receive the tubes, and inside frames built up from wrought-iron bars. In 1838 Bury was appointed to supply and maintain the locomotives for the London \& Birmingham Railway (L \& BR), then under construction by Robert Stephenson, on the grounds that the latter should not also provide its locomotives. For several years the L \& BR used Bury locomotives exclusively, and they were also used on several other early main lines. Following export to the USA, their bar frames became an enduring feature of locomotive design in that country. Bury claimed, with justification, that his locomotives were economical in maintenance and fuel: the shape of the firebox promoted rapid circulation of water. His locomotives were well built, but some of their features precluded enlargement of the design to produce more powerful locomotives and within a few years they were outclassed.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1844.Bibliography1840, "On the locomotive engines of the London and Birmingham Railway", Transactions of the Institution of Civil Engineers 3 (4) (provides details of his locomotives and the thinking behind them).Further ReadingC.F.Dendy Marshall, 1953, A History of'Railway Locomotives Down to the End of the Year 1831, London: The Locomotive Publishing Co. (describes Bury's early work).P.J.G.Ransom, 1990, The Victorian Railway and How It Evolved, London: Heinemann, pp. 167–8 and 174–6.PJGR -
98 Sturgeon, William
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 22 May 1783 Whittington, Lancashire, Englandd. 4 December 1850 Prestwich, Manchester, England[br]English inventor and lecturer, discoverer of the electromagnet, and inventor of the first electric motor put to practical use.[br]After leaving an apprenticeship as a shoemaker, Sturgeon enlisted in the militia. Self-educated during service as a private in the Royal Artillery, he began to construct scientific apparatus. When he left the army in 1820 Sturgeon became an industrious writer, contributing papers to the Philosophical Magazine. In 1823 he was appointed Lecturer in Natural Science at the East India Company's Military College in Addiscombe. His invention in 1823 of an electromagnet with a horseshoe-shaped, soft iron core provided a much more concentrated magnetic field than previously obtained. An electric motor he designed in 1832 embodied his invention of the first metallic commutator. This was used to rotate a meat-roasting jack. Over an extended period he conducted researches into atmospheric electricity and also introduced the practice of amalgamating zinc in primary cells to prevent local action.Sturgeon became Lecturer at the Adelaide Gallery, London, in 1832, an appointment of short duration, terminating when the gallery closed. In 1836 he established a monthly publication, The Annals of Electricity, Magnetism and Chemistry; and Guardian of Experimental Science, the first journal in England to be devoted to the subject. It was to this journal that James Prescot Joule contributed the results of his own researches in electromagnetism. Due to lack of financial support the publication ceased in 1843 after ten volumes had been issued. At the age of 57 Sturgeon became Superintendent of the Victoria Gallery of Practical Science in Manchester; after this gallery closed, the last five years of his life were spent in considerable poverty.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsSociety of Arts Silver Medal 1825.Bibliography1836, Annals of Electricity 1:75–8 (describes his motor).All his published papers were collected in Scientific Researches, Experimental and Theoretical in Electricity, Magnetism and Electro-Chemistry, 1850, Bury; 1852, London.Further ReadingJ.P.Joule, 1857, biography, in Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society 14, Manchester: 53–8.Biography, 1895, Electrician 35:632–5 (includes a list of Sturgeon's published work). P.Dunsheath, 1957, A History of Electrical Engineering, London: Faber \& Faber.GW -
99 аргоно-дуговая электропечь
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > аргоно-дуговая электропечь
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100 однофазная электропечь
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > однофазная электропечь
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