se+digna

ăpĕrĭo, ĕrŭi, ertum, 4, v. a. ( fut. aperibo, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50; Pompon. ap. Non. p. 506, 30) [ab-pario, to get from, take away from, i.e. to uncover, like the opp. operio, from obpario, to get for, to put upon, i. e. to cover; this is the old explanation, and is received by Corssen, Ausspr. I. p. 653; II. p. 410, and by Vanicek, p. 503], to uncover, make or lay bare.

Lit.:

patinas,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 51: apertae surae, Turp. ap. Non. p. 236, 16:

apertis lateribus,

Sisenn. ib. p. 236, 26:

capite aperto esse,

Varr. ib. p. 236, 25;

p. 236, 28: ut corporis partes quaedam aperiantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 35, 129:

caput aperuit,

id. Phil. 2, 31; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 236, 20:

capita,

Plin. 28, 6, 17, § 60:

aperto pectore,

Ov. M. 2, 339; and poet. transf. to the person:

apertae pectora matres,

id. ib. 13, 688:

ramum,

Verg. A. 6, 406 al. — Trop., to make visible, to show, reveal, Liv. 22, 6:

dispulsā nebulā diem aperuit,

id. 26, 17 (cf. just before:

densa nebula campos circa intexit): dies faciem victoriae,

Tac. Agr. 38:

lux aperuit bellum ducemque belli,

Liv. 3, 15:

novam aciem dies aperuit,

Tac. H. 4, 29:

his unda dehiscens Terram aperit,

opens to view, Verg. A. 1, 107.—From the intermediate idea of making visible,

Metaph.

1.. To unclose, open: aperto ex ostio Alti Acheruntis, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

aperite aliquis ostium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 26; so id. Heaut. 2, 3, 35:

forem aperi,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 13:

fores,

id. Eun. 2, 2, 52; Ov. M. 10, 457; Suet. Aug. 82:

januas carceris,

Vulg. Act. 5, 19:

fenestram,

ib. Gen. 8, 6:

liquidas vias,

to open the liquid way, Lucr. 1, 373; so Verg. A. 11, 884:

sucum venis fundere apertis,

to pour out moisture from its open veins, Lucr. 5, 812:

saccum,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 27:

os,

ib. ib. 22, 28:

labia, ib. Job, 11, 5: oculos,

ib. Act. 9, 8:

accepi fasciculum, in quo erat epistula Piliae: abstuli, aperui, legi,

Cic. Att. 5, 11 fin.; so id. ib. 1, 13;

6, 3: aperire librum,

Vulg. Apoc. 5, 5; 20, 12:

testamentum,

Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 177 (cf.:

testamentum resignare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 9); Suet. Caes. 83; id. Aug. 17:

sigillum aperire,

to break, Vulg. Apoc. 6, 3 al.:

ferro iter aperiundum est,

Sall. C. 58, 7:

locum... asylum,

to make it an asylum, Liv. 1, 8:

subterraneos specus,

Tac. G. 16:

navigantibus maria,

Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:

arbor florem aperit,

id. 12, 11, 23, § 40 et saep.: aperire parietem, to open a wall, in order to put a door or window in it, Dig. 8, 2, 40: alicui oculos aperire, to give sight to (after the Heb.), Vulg. Joan. 9, 10; 9, 14 al.; so,

aures aperire,

to restore hearing to, ib. Marc. 7, 35.—

Trop.:

nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 54: amicitiae fores. id. Fam. 13, 10:

multus apertus cursus ad laudem,

id. Phil. 14, 6 fin.:

tibi virtus tua reditum ad tuos aperuit,

id. Fam. 6, 11:

philosophiae fontes,

id. Tusc. 1, 3, 6; id. Mil. 31, 85 et saep.: alicujus oculos aperire, to open one's eyes, make him discern (after the Heb.), Vulg. Gen. 3, 5; 3, 7; ib. Act. 26, 18; so,

alicujus cor aperire,

ib. ib. 16, 14: ventus [p. 136] incendio viam aperuit, Liv. 6, 2:

occasionem ad invadendum,

id. 4, 53; so id. 9, 27: si hanc fenestram aperueritis (i.e. if you enter upon the way of complaint), nihil aliud agi sinetis, Suet. Tib. 28 (cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

Quantam fenestram ad nequitiem patefeceris!): quia aperuisset gentibus ostium fidei,

Vulg. Act. 14, 27; ib. Col. 4, 3.— So of the new year, to open it, i.e. begin:

annum,

Verg. G. 1, 217:

contigit ergo privatis aperire annum (since the consul entered upon his office the first of January),

Plin. Pan. 58, 4 Gierig and Schaef.—So also of a school, to establish, set up, begin, or open it:

Dionysius tyrannus Corinthi dicitur ludum aperuisse,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18; so Suet. Gram. 16; id. Rhet. 4.— Poet.:

fuste aperire caput,

i.e. to cleave, split the head, Juv. 9, 98.—

Aperire locum (populum, gentes, etc.), to lay open a place, people, etc., i.e. to open an entrance to, render accessible (cf. patefacio);

most freq. in the histt., esp. in Tacitus: qui aperuerint armis orbem terrarum,

Liv. 42, 52; 42, 4:

Syriam,

Tac. A. 2, 70:

omnes terras fortibus viris natura aperuit,

id. H. 4, 64:

novas gentes,

id. Agr. 22:

gentes ac reges,

id. G. 1:

Britanniam tamdiu clausam aperit,

Mel. 3, 6, 4; Luc. 1, 465 Cort.:

Eoas,

id. 4, 352:

pelagus,

Val. Fl. 1, 169.—

Transf. to mental objects, to disclose something unknown, to unveil, reveal, make known, unfold, to prove, demonstrate; or gen. to explain, recount, etc.:

occulta quaedam et quasi involuta aperiri,

Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

explicanda est saepe verbis mens nostra de quāque re atque involutae rei notitia definiendo aperienda est,

id. Or. 33, 116:

alicui scripturas aperire,

Vulg. Luc. 24, 32:

tua probra aperibo omnia,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50: ne exspectetis argumentum fabulae;

hi partem aperient,

Ter. Ad. prol. 23:

non quo aperiret sententiam suam, sed etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 84:

eo praesente conjurationem aperit,

Sall. C. 40, 6:

naturam et mores,

id. ib. 53 fin.; so id. ib. 45, 1; 47, 1; id. J. 33, 4:

lux fugam hostium aperuit,

Liv. 27, 2:

aperiri error poterat,

id. 26, 10:

casus aperire futuros,

to disclose the future, Ov. M. 15, 559:

futura aperit,

Tac. H. 2, 4.—So also, se aperire or aperiri, to reveal one's true disposition, character:

tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,

show themselves in their true light, Ter. And. 4, 1, 8:

studio aperimur in ipso,

Ov. A. A. 3, 371:

exspectandum, dum se ipsa res aperiret,

Nep. Paus. 3, 7; Quint. prooem. § 3.—Sometimes constr. with acc. and inf., a rel.-clause, or de:

cum jam directae in se prorae hostes appropinquare aperuissent,

Liv. 44, 28:

domino navis, quis sit, aperit,

Nep. Them. 8, 6; so id. Eum. 13, 3: de clementiā, Auct. ad Her. 2, 31.—In a gen. sense (freq. in epistt.) in Cic. Att. 5, 1, 2: de Oppio factum est, ut volui, et maxime, quod DCCC. aperuisti, you promised, i.e. that it should be paid to him (= ostendisti te daturum, Manut.); cf.

the more definite expression: de Oppio bene curāsti, quod ei DCCC. exposuisti,

id. ib. 5, 4, 3.—Hence, ăpertus, a, um, P. a.; pr., opened; hence, open, free.

Lit.

Without covering, open, uncovered (opp. tectus):

naves apertae,

without deck, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40; Liv. 31, 22 fin.; cf. id. 32, 21, 14: centum tectae naves et quinquaginta leviores apertae, et saep.; v. navis.—Also, without covering or defence, unprotected, exposed:

locus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84.— Poet., of the sky, clear, cloudless:

caelo invectus aperto,

Verg. A. 1, 155:

aether,

id. ib. 1, 587:

aperta serena prospicere,

id. G. 1, 393.—

Unclosed, open, not shut (opp. clausus):

Janua cum per se transpectum praebet apertum,

since this affords an open view through it, Lucr. 4, 272:

oculi,

id. 4, 339:

oculorum lumine aperto,

id. 4, 1139 et saep.:

nihil tam clausum, neque tam reconditum, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum promptissimumque esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20:

caelum patens atque apertum,

id. Div. 1, 1 (diff. from 1.); so Ov. M. 6, 693:

vidit caelos apertos,

Vulg. Marc. 1, 10:

apertus et propatulus locus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49:

iter,

Liv. 31, 2:

apertior aditus ad moenia,

id. 9, 28:

campi,

id. 38, 3:

per apertum limitem (viae),

Tac. H. 3, 21; Ov. M. 1, 285:

fenestrae,

Vulg. Dan. 6, 10:

ostia,

ib. ib. 13, 39:

aequor,

Ov. M. 4, 527; so id. ib. 8, 165; 11, 555 et saep. — Poet., of a battle: nec aperti copia Martis Ulla fuit, an action in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 208.—Very freq. ăpertum, subst., that which is open, free; an open, clear space:

in aperto,

Lucr. 3, 604:

per apertum fugientes,

Hor. C, 3, 12, 10:

impetum ex aperto facerent,

Liv. 35, 5:

castra in aperto posita,

id. 1, 33; so id. 22, 4:

volantem in aperto,

Plin. 10, 8, 9, § 22:

in aperta prodeunt,

id. 8, 32, 50, § 117:

disjecit naves in aperta Oceani,

Tac. A. 2, 23.—

Trop.

a.. Opp. to that which is concealed, covered, dark, open, clear, plain, evident, manifest, unobstructed:

nam nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas ab dubiis,

nothing is, indeed, more difficult than to separate things that are evident from those that are doubtful, Lucr. 4, 467; so id. 4, 596; 1, 915; 5, 1062:

cum illum ex occultis insidiis in apertum latrocinium conjecimus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 1:

simultates partim obscurae, partim apertae,

id. Manil. 24:

quid enim potest esse tam apertum tamque perspicuum?

id. N. D. 2, 2, 4:

quid rem apertam suspectam facimus?

Liv. 41, 24:

non furtim, sed vi aperta,

id. 25, 24:

apertus animi motus,

Quint. 10, 3, 21:

invidia in occulto, adulatio in aperto,

Tac. H. 4, 4 et saep.—So, in rhet., of clear, intelligible discourse:

multo apertius ad intellegendum est, si, etc.... apertam enim narrationem tam esse oportet quam, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 328; cf. id. Inv. 1, 20.—Hence,

Esp. as subst.: in aperto esse,

To be clear, evident, well known, notorious, en tôi phanerôi einai:

ad cognoscendum omnia illustria magis magisque in aperto,

Sall. J. 5, 3.—

To be easily practicable, easy, facile (the figure taken from an open field or space):

agere memoratu digna pronum magisque in aperto erat,

there was a greater inclination and a more open way to, Tac. Agr. 1:

hostes aggredi in aperto foret,

id. H. 3, 56:

vota virtusque in aperto omniaque prona victoribus,

id. Agr. 33.—

Of character, without dissimulation, open, frank, candid:

animus apertus et simplex,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9; id. Off. 3, 13, 57:

pectus,

id. Lael. 26, 97. —Hence, ironically: ut semper fuit apertissimus, as he has always been very open, frank (for impudent, shameless), Cic. Mur. 35.—Hence, ăpertē, adv., openly, clearly, plainly.

In gen.:

tam aperte irridens,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 62:

ab illo aperte tecte quicquid est datum, libenter accepi,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4; id. Or. 12, 38; id. Am. 18, 67:

cum Fidenae aperte descissent,

Liv. 1, 27:

aperte quod venale habet ostendit,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 83:

aperte revelari,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 2, 27:

non jam secretis colloquiis, sed aperte fremere,

Tac. A. 11, 28:

aperte adulari,

Cic. Am. 26, 99:

aperte mentiri,

id. Ac. 2, 6, 18:

aperte pugnare, id. ap. Aquil. Rom. 10: aperte immundus est,

Vulg. Lev. 13, 26.— Comp.:

cum ipsum dolorem hic tulit paulo apertius,

Cic. Planc. 34; id. Att. 16, 3, 5; Curt. 6, 1, 11:

ab his proconsuli venenum inter epulas datum est apertius quam ut fallerent,

Tac. A. 13, 1.— Sup.:

hinc empta apertissime praetura,

Cic. Verr. 1, 100:

equite Romano per te apertissime interfecto,

id. Har. Resp. 30:

largiri,

id. ib. 56:

praedari,

id. Verr. 1, 130.—

Esp. of what is set forth in words or writing, plainly, clearly, freely, without reserve:

nempe ergo aperte vis quae restant me loqui?

Ter. And. 1, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 49:

aperte indicat (lex) posse rationem habere non praesentis,

Cic. ad Brut. 1, 5, 3:

Non tu istuc mihi dictura aperte es, quicquid est?

Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 3:

narrare,

id. Heaut. 4, 3, 24:

scribere,

Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 3; Quint. 1, 5, 43.— Comp.:

Planius atque apertius dicam,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 43:

distinguere,

Quint. 3, 6, 45.— Sup.:

istius injurias quam apertissime vobis planissimeque explicare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 64, 156:

aliquid apertissime ostendere,

Quint. 5, 12, 11.

ăpĕrĭo, ĕrŭi, ertum, 4, v. a. ( fut. aperibo, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50; Pompon. ap. Non. p. 506, 30) [ab-pario, to get from, take away from, i.e. to uncover, like the opp. operio, from obpario, to get for, to put upon, i. e. to cover; this is the old explanation, and is received by Corssen, Ausspr. I. p. 653; II. p. 410, and by Vanicek, p. 503], to uncover, make or lay bare.

Lit.:

patinas,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 51: apertae surae, Turp. ap. Non. p. 236, 16:

apertis lateribus,

Sisenn. ib. p. 236, 26:

capite aperto esse,

Varr. ib. p. 236, 25;

p. 236, 28: ut corporis partes quaedam aperiantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 35, 129:

caput aperuit,

id. Phil. 2, 31; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 236, 20:

capita,

Plin. 28, 6, 17, § 60:

aperto pectore,

Ov. M. 2, 339; and poet. transf. to the person:

apertae pectora matres,

id. ib. 13, 688:

ramum,

Verg. A. 6, 406 al. — Trop., to make visible, to show, reveal, Liv. 22, 6:

dispulsā nebulā diem aperuit,

id. 26, 17 (cf. just before:

densa nebula campos circa intexit): dies faciem victoriae,

Tac. Agr. 38:

lux aperuit bellum ducemque belli,

Liv. 3, 15:

novam aciem dies aperuit,

Tac. H. 4, 29:

his unda dehiscens Terram aperit,

opens to view, Verg. A. 1, 107.—From the intermediate idea of making visible,

Metaph.

1.. To unclose, open: aperto ex ostio Alti Acheruntis, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

aperite aliquis ostium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 26; so id. Heaut. 2, 3, 35:

forem aperi,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 13:

fores,

id. Eun. 2, 2, 52; Ov. M. 10, 457; Suet. Aug. 82:

januas carceris,

Vulg. Act. 5, 19:

fenestram,

ib. Gen. 8, 6:

liquidas vias,

to open the liquid way, Lucr. 1, 373; so Verg. A. 11, 884:

sucum venis fundere apertis,

to pour out moisture from its open veins, Lucr. 5, 812:

saccum,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 27:

os,

ib. ib. 22, 28:

labia, ib. Job, 11, 5: oculos,

ib. Act. 9, 8:

accepi fasciculum, in quo erat epistula Piliae: abstuli, aperui, legi,

Cic. Att. 5, 11 fin.; so id. ib. 1, 13;

6, 3: aperire librum,

Vulg. Apoc. 5, 5; 20, 12:

testamentum,

Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 177 (cf.:

testamentum resignare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 9); Suet. Caes. 83; id. Aug. 17:

sigillum aperire,

to break, Vulg. Apoc. 6, 3 al.:

ferro iter aperiundum est,

Sall. C. 58, 7:

locum... asylum,

to make it an asylum, Liv. 1, 8:

subterraneos specus,

Tac. G. 16:

navigantibus maria,

Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:

arbor florem aperit,

id. 12, 11, 23, § 40 et saep.: aperire parietem, to open a wall, in order to put a door or window in it, Dig. 8, 2, 40: alicui oculos aperire, to give sight to (after the Heb.), Vulg. Joan. 9, 10; 9, 14 al.; so,

aures aperire,

to restore hearing to, ib. Marc. 7, 35.—

Trop.:

nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 54: amicitiae fores. id. Fam. 13, 10:

multus apertus cursus ad laudem,

id. Phil. 14, 6 fin.:

tibi virtus tua reditum ad tuos aperuit,

id. Fam. 6, 11:

philosophiae fontes,

id. Tusc. 1, 3, 6; id. Mil. 31, 85 et saep.: alicujus oculos aperire, to open one's eyes, make him discern (after the Heb.), Vulg. Gen. 3, 5; 3, 7; ib. Act. 26, 18; so,

alicujus cor aperire,

ib. ib. 16, 14: ventus [p. 136] incendio viam aperuit, Liv. 6, 2:

occasionem ad invadendum,

id. 4, 53; so id. 9, 27: si hanc fenestram aperueritis (i.e. if you enter upon the way of complaint), nihil aliud agi sinetis, Suet. Tib. 28 (cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

Quantam fenestram ad nequitiem patefeceris!): quia aperuisset gentibus ostium fidei,

Vulg. Act. 14, 27; ib. Col. 4, 3.— So of the new year, to open it, i.e. begin:

annum,

Verg. G. 1, 217:

contigit ergo privatis aperire annum (since the consul entered upon his office the first of January),

Plin. Pan. 58, 4 Gierig and Schaef.—So also of a school, to establish, set up, begin, or open it:

Dionysius tyrannus Corinthi dicitur ludum aperuisse,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18; so Suet. Gram. 16; id. Rhet. 4.— Poet.:

fuste aperire caput,

i.e. to cleave, split the head, Juv. 9, 98.—

Aperire locum (populum, gentes, etc.), to lay open a place, people, etc., i.e. to open an entrance to, render accessible (cf. patefacio);

most freq. in the histt., esp. in Tacitus: qui aperuerint armis orbem terrarum,

Liv. 42, 52; 42, 4:

Syriam,

Tac. A. 2, 70:

omnes terras fortibus viris natura aperuit,

id. H. 4, 64:

novas gentes,

id. Agr. 22:

gentes ac reges,

id. G. 1:

Britanniam tamdiu clausam aperit,

Mel. 3, 6, 4; Luc. 1, 465 Cort.:

Eoas,

id. 4, 352:

pelagus,

Val. Fl. 1, 169.—

Transf. to mental objects, to disclose something unknown, to unveil, reveal, make known, unfold, to prove, demonstrate; or gen. to explain, recount, etc.:

occulta quaedam et quasi involuta aperiri,

Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

explicanda est saepe verbis mens nostra de quāque re atque involutae rei notitia definiendo aperienda est,

id. Or. 33, 116:

alicui scripturas aperire,

Vulg. Luc. 24, 32:

tua probra aperibo omnia,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50: ne exspectetis argumentum fabulae;

hi partem aperient,

Ter. Ad. prol. 23:

non quo aperiret sententiam suam, sed etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 84:

eo praesente conjurationem aperit,

Sall. C. 40, 6:

naturam et mores,

id. ib. 53 fin.; so id. ib. 45, 1; 47, 1; id. J. 33, 4:

lux fugam hostium aperuit,

Liv. 27, 2:

aperiri error poterat,

id. 26, 10:

casus aperire futuros,

to disclose the future, Ov. M. 15, 559:

futura aperit,

Tac. H. 2, 4.—So also, se aperire or aperiri, to reveal one's true disposition, character:

tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,

show themselves in their true light, Ter. And. 4, 1, 8:

studio aperimur in ipso,

Ov. A. A. 3, 371:

exspectandum, dum se ipsa res aperiret,

Nep. Paus. 3, 7; Quint. prooem. § 3.—Sometimes constr. with acc. and inf., a rel.-clause, or de:

cum jam directae in se prorae hostes appropinquare aperuissent,

Liv. 44, 28:

domino navis, quis sit, aperit,

Nep. Them. 8, 6; so id. Eum. 13, 3: de clementiā, Auct. ad Her. 2, 31.—In a gen. sense (freq. in epistt.) in Cic. Att. 5, 1, 2: de Oppio factum est, ut volui, et maxime, quod DCCC. aperuisti, you promised, i.e. that it should be paid to him (= ostendisti te daturum, Manut.); cf.

the more definite expression: de Oppio bene curāsti, quod ei DCCC. exposuisti,

id. ib. 5, 4, 3.—Hence, ăpertus, a, um, P. a.; pr., opened; hence, open, free.

Lit.

Without covering, open, uncovered (opp. tectus):

naves apertae,

without deck, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40; Liv. 31, 22 fin.; cf. id. 32, 21, 14: centum tectae naves et quinquaginta leviores apertae, et saep.; v. navis.—Also, without covering or defence, unprotected, exposed:

locus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84.— Poet., of the sky, clear, cloudless:

caelo invectus aperto,

Verg. A. 1, 155:

aether,

id. ib. 1, 587:

aperta serena prospicere,

id. G. 1, 393.—

Unclosed, open, not shut (opp. clausus):

Janua cum per se transpectum praebet apertum,

since this affords an open view through it, Lucr. 4, 272:

oculi,

id. 4, 339:

oculorum lumine aperto,

id. 4, 1139 et saep.:

nihil tam clausum, neque tam reconditum, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum promptissimumque esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20:

caelum patens atque apertum,

id. Div. 1, 1 (diff. from 1.); so Ov. M. 6, 693:

vidit caelos apertos,

Vulg. Marc. 1, 10:

apertus et propatulus locus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49:

iter,

Liv. 31, 2:

apertior aditus ad moenia,

id. 9, 28:

campi,

id. 38, 3:

per apertum limitem (viae),

Tac. H. 3, 21; Ov. M. 1, 285:

fenestrae,

Vulg. Dan. 6, 10:

ostia,

ib. ib. 13, 39:

aequor,

Ov. M. 4, 527; so id. ib. 8, 165; 11, 555 et saep. — Poet., of a battle: nec aperti copia Martis Ulla fuit, an action in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 208.—Very freq. ăpertum, subst., that which is open, free; an open, clear space:

in aperto,

Lucr. 3, 604:

per apertum fugientes,

Hor. C, 3, 12, 10:

impetum ex aperto facerent,

Liv. 35, 5:

castra in aperto posita,

id. 1, 33; so id. 22, 4:

volantem in aperto,

Plin. 10, 8, 9, § 22:

in aperta prodeunt,

id. 8, 32, 50, § 117:

disjecit naves in aperta Oceani,

Tac. A. 2, 23.—

Trop.

a.. Opp. to that which is concealed, covered, dark, open, clear, plain, evident, manifest, unobstructed:

nam nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas ab dubiis,

nothing is, indeed, more difficult than to separate things that are evident from those that are doubtful, Lucr. 4, 467; so id. 4, 596; 1, 915; 5, 1062:

cum illum ex occultis insidiis in apertum latrocinium conjecimus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 1:

simultates partim obscurae, partim apertae,

id. Manil. 24:

quid enim potest esse tam apertum tamque perspicuum?

id. N. D. 2, 2, 4:

quid rem apertam suspectam facimus?

Liv. 41, 24:

non furtim, sed vi aperta,

id. 25, 24:

apertus animi motus,

Quint. 10, 3, 21:

invidia in occulto, adulatio in aperto,

Tac. H. 4, 4 et saep.—So, in rhet., of clear, intelligible discourse:

multo apertius ad intellegendum est, si, etc.... apertam enim narrationem tam esse oportet quam, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 328; cf. id. Inv. 1, 20.—Hence,

Esp. as subst.: in aperto esse,

To be clear, evident, well known, notorious, en tôi phanerôi einai:

ad cognoscendum omnia illustria magis magisque in aperto,

Sall. J. 5, 3.—

To be easily practicable, easy, facile (the figure taken from an open field or space):

agere memoratu digna pronum magisque in aperto erat,

there was a greater inclination and a more open way to, Tac. Agr. 1:

hostes aggredi in aperto foret,

id. H. 3, 56:

vota virtusque in aperto omniaque prona victoribus,

id. Agr. 33.—

Of character, without dissimulation, open, frank, candid:

animus apertus et simplex,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9; id. Off. 3, 13, 57:

pectus,

id. Lael. 26, 97. —Hence, ironically: ut semper fuit apertissimus, as he has always been very open, frank (for impudent, shameless), Cic. Mur. 35.—Hence, ăpertē, adv., openly, clearly, plainly.

In gen.:

tam aperte irridens,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 62:

ab illo aperte tecte quicquid est datum, libenter accepi,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4; id. Or. 12, 38; id. Am. 18, 67:

cum Fidenae aperte descissent,

Liv. 1, 27:

aperte quod venale habet ostendit,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 83:

aperte revelari,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 2, 27:

non jam secretis colloquiis, sed aperte fremere,

Tac. A. 11, 28:

aperte adulari,

Cic. Am. 26, 99:

aperte mentiri,

id. Ac. 2, 6, 18:

aperte pugnare, id. ap. Aquil. Rom. 10: aperte immundus est,

Vulg. Lev. 13, 26.— Comp.:

cum ipsum dolorem hic tulit paulo apertius,

Cic. Planc. 34; id. Att. 16, 3, 5; Curt. 6, 1, 11:

ab his proconsuli venenum inter epulas datum est apertius quam ut fallerent,

Tac. A. 13, 1.— Sup.:

hinc empta apertissime praetura,

Cic. Verr. 1, 100:

equite Romano per te apertissime interfecto,

id. Har. Resp. 30:

largiri,

id. ib. 56:

praedari,

id. Verr. 1, 130.—

Esp. of what is set forth in words or writing, plainly, clearly, freely, without reserve:

nempe ergo aperte vis quae restant me loqui?

Ter. And. 1, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 49:

aperte indicat (lex) posse rationem habere non praesentis,

Cic. ad Brut. 1, 5, 3:

Non tu istuc mihi dictura aperte es, quicquid est?

Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 3:

narrare,

id. Heaut. 4, 3, 24:

scribere,

Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 3; Quint. 1, 5, 43.— Comp.:

Planius atque apertius dicam,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 43:

distinguere,

Quint. 3, 6, 45.— Sup.:

istius injurias quam apertissime vobis planissimeque explicare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 64, 156:

aliquid apertissime ostendere,

Quint. 5, 12, 11.

at or ast, conj. [Curtius connects the Sanscr. ati, ultra, nimis, the Gr. eti, the Lat. et, and at in atavus; Vanicek connects with these at, atque, and atqui. Thus the original idea of addition is prominent in eti, et, and atque; and the idea of opposition in at and atqui, which agree with at-ar in meaning as well as in form. After the same analogy, the Gr. pleon, more, has become plên, but; and the Lat. magis has passed into the same meaning in the Fr. mais and the Ital. mai. The confusion in MSS. between at, ac, and et, and between atque and atqui, was prob. caused as much by their connection in idea as in form] (it was sometimes, for the sake of euphony, written ad; cf. Quint. 12, 10; 12, 32; 1, 7, 5; Charis. p. 203 P., where, instead of at conjunctionem esse, ad vero praepositionem, the reading should be, ad conjunctionem esse, at vero praepositionem, Fr.; v. the pass. in its connection; cf. also Vel. Long. p. 2230 P.; Cassiod. p. 2287 P.; Mar. Vict. p. 2458 P. The form ast is found in the old laws; it occurs once in Trag. Rel., but never in Com. Rel. nor in Lucil.; at is found in Plautus about 280 times, and ast about 10 times; in Ter. at about 100 times, and ast once; in Hor. at 60 times, ast 3 times; in Verg. at 168 times, ast 16; in Juv. at 17 times, ast 7; Catull., Tibull., and Prop. use only at, and Pers. (Jahn) only ast; in prose, Cic. uses [p. 186] ast in his epistles. It joins to a previous thought a new one, either antithetical or simply different, and especially an objection; while sed denotes a direct opposition; and autem marks a transition, and denotes at once a connection and an opposition).

In adding a diff., but not entirely opp. thought, a qualification, restriction, etc., moreover, but, yet; sometimes an emphasized (but never merely copulative) and.

In gen.: SEI PARENTEM PVER VERBERIT AST OLE PLORASSIT PVER DIVEIS PARENTOM SACER ESTO, if the son strike his father, and the father complain, let the son, etc., Lex Serv. Tullii ap. Fest. s. v. plorare, p. 230 Müll.; Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 24: Philosophari est mihi necesse, at paucis, but only in a few words, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 65 Rib.:

DIVOS ET EOS QVI CAELESTES, SEMPER HABITI COLVNTO... AST OLLA PROPTER QVAE etc.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 3, 4, 11: hinc Remus auspicio se devovet atque secundam Solus avem servat. At Romulus pulcer in alto Quaerit Aventino, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 83 Vahl.); Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 22:

si ego hic peribo, ast ille, ut dixit, non redit,

id. ib. 3, 5, 25:

paret Amor dictis carae genetricis. At Venus Ascanio placidam per membra quietem Inrigat,

Verg. A. 1, 691:

(Aeneas) finem dedit ore loquendi. At, Phoebi nondum patiens, immanis in antro Bacchatur vates,

id. ib. 6, 77; 11, 709 sq.: quo (odore) totum nati corpus perduxit;

at illi Dulcis compositis spiravit crinibus aura,

id. G. 4, 416; so id. ib. 4, 460; 4, 513; id. A. 3, 259; 3, 675; 7, 81; 8, 241; 9, 793; Prop. 4, 4, 15; 4, 7, 11; Luc. 3, 664; 4, 36 al.—Also in prose (chiefly post-Aug.):

una (navis) cum Nasidianis profugit: at ex reliquis una praemissa Massiliam, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 7:

ubi facta sunt, in unum omnia miscentur. At pastilli haec ratio est, etc.,

Cels. 5, 17; 6, 18:

quamquam insideret urbem proprius miles, tres urbanae, novem praetoriae cohortes Etruriā ferme Umbriāque delectae aut vetere Latio et coloniis antiquitus Romanis. At apud idonea provinciarum sociae triremes etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 5; 4, 6:

negavit aliā se condicione adlecturum, quam si pateretur ascribi albo, extortum sibi a matre. At illa commota etc.,

Suet. Tib. 51; id. Calig. 15; 44; id. Vesp. 5; id. Dom. 4; id. Galb. 7 al.—In the enumeration of particulars:

Cum alio cantat, at tamen alii suo dat digito litteras, Naev., Com. Rel. p. 20 Rib.: dant alios aliae (silvae) fetus: dant utile lignum Navigiis pinos... At myrtus validis hastilibus et bona bello Cornus,

Verg. G. 2, 447:

Nam neque tum stellis acies obtunsa videtur... At nebulae magis etc.,

id. ib. 1, 401; 3, 87; id. A. 7, 691:

Hic altā Sicyone, ast hic Amydone relictā, Hic Andro, etc.,

Juv. 3, 69.— The Vulg. often uses at as a mere continuative, where even et or atque might stand: sciscitabur ab iis ubi Christus nasceretur. At illi dixerunt ei: In etc., Matt. 2, 5; 4, 20; 8, 32; 14, 29; 15, 34 et persaep.—In transition,

Esp.,

To a new narration, like the Gr. de; so the commencement of the fourth book of the Æneid: At regina gravi jam dudum saucia curā, etc. (the third book closes with the narrative of Æneas); so the beginning of the third book of the Thebaid of Statius: At non Aoniae moderator perfidus aulae, etc.; Verg. A. 4, 504; 5, 35; 5, 545; 5, 700; 5, 779; 6, 679; 7, 5; 8, 370; 8, 608; 9, 503; 10, 689; 11, 597; 12, 134 et saep.—Also in the postAug. histt. and other prose writers; so after speaking of the Ubii etc., Tac. says: At in Chaucis coeptavere seditionem praesidium agitantes etc., A. 1, 38; so ib. 4, 13; 12, 62; 14, 23 et saep.—

To a wonderful, terrible, unexpected, or exciting occurrence or circumstance:

clamores simul horrendos ad sidera tollit, etc.... At gemini lapsu delubra ad summa dracones Effugiunt,

Verg. A. 2, 225; 3, 225:

Lacte madens illic suberat Pan ilicis umbrae, Et facta agresti lignea falce Pales etc. At quā Velabri regio patet etc.,

Tib. 2, 5, 33; Verg. G. 4, 471:

consurgit Turnus in ensem et ferit. Exclamant Troes trepidique Latini, Arrectaeque amborum acies. At perfidus ensis Frangitur in medio,

id. A. 12, 731; 10, 763:

adusque Supremum tempus, ne se penuria victūs Opprimeret metuebat. At hunc liberta securi divisit medium,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 99: Magnus quanto mucrone minatur Noctibus hibernis et sidera terret Orion. At sonipes habitus etc., Stat. S. 1, 1, 46.—

To a passionate appeal, etc., in which case the antecedent clause is not expressed, but must be considered as existing in the mind of the speaker; cf. in Gr. alla su, su de.

In passing to an interrogation, exhortation, request:

At, scelesta, viden ut ne id quidem me dignum esse existumat?

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 23; id. Aul. 1, 1, 8:

At qui nummos tristis inuncat?

Lucil. 15, 21 Müll.: Me. Sauream non novi. Li. At nosce sane, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 58: Ca. Non adest. Ps. At tu cita, id. Ps. 1, 1, 30:

satis habeo, at quaeso hercle etiam vide,

id. Merc. 5, 4, 53 (Ritschl, sat habeo. Sed):

at unum hoc quaeso... Ut, etc.,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 89:

at tu, qui laetus rides mala nostra caveto Mox tibi,

Tib. 1, 2, 87:

Hunc ut Peleus vidit, At inferias, juvenum gratissime Crantor, Accipe, ait,

Ov. M. 12, 367:

at tu, nauta, vagae ne parce malignus arenae Ossibus et capiti inhumato Particulam dare,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 23.—In prose:

at vide quid succenseat,

Cic. Fam. 7, 24, 2:

itaque pulsus ego civitate non sum, quae nulla erat: at vide, quam ista tui latrocinii tela contempserim,

id. Part. Or. 4, 1, 28; id. Dom. 44; App. M. 6, p. 179, 18.—

In expressions of passion, astonishment, indignation, pain, etc.:

At ut scelesta sola secum murmurat,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 13: Sc. Nunc quidem domi certost: certa res est Nunc nostrum opservare ostium, [ubi] ubist. Pa. At, Sceledre, quaeso, Ut etc., id. Mil. 2, 4, 46:

At o deorum quidquid in caelo regit Terras et humanum genus, Quid iste fert tumultus?

Hor. Epod. 5, 1:

At tibi quanta domus rutila testudine fulgens, etc.,

Stat. S. 2, 4, 11.—In prose:

horum omnium studium una mater oppugnat: at quae mater?

Cic. Clu. 70; id. Verr. 2, 2, 45:

at per deos immortales! quid est, quod de hoc dici possit,

id. ib. 2, 1, 46:

institui senatores, qui omnia indicum responsa perscriberent. At quos viros!

id. Sull. 42; id. Deiot. 19, 33:

tangit et ira deos: at non impune feremus,

Ov. M. 8, 279; 10, 724:

at tibi Colchorum, memini, regina vacavi,

id. H. 12, 1.—

In indignant imprecations:

At te di omnes cum consilio, Calve, mactāssint malo! Pomp., Com. Rel. p. 245 Rib.: At te Juppiter diique omnes perdant!

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 37:

At te di deaeque faxint cum isto odio, Laches,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 59:

At te di perdant,

id. Eun. 3, 1, 41:

At tibi di dignum factis exitium duint,

id. And. 4, 1, 42:

At vobis male sit,

Cat. 3, 13:

At tibi, pro scelere, exclamat, pro talibus ausis Di... persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant Debita!

Verg. A. 2, 535.—In prose:

At vos, ait, devota capita, respiciant di perjuriorum vindices,

Just. 14, 4, 10.—

Rarely of friendly inclination, disposition:

At tibi di bene faciant omnes,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18:

At tibi di semper, adulescens, quisquis es, faciant bene,

id. Men. 5, 7, 32:

At tu, Catulle, destinatus obdura,

Cat. 8, 19.—

In entreaty:

At vos, o superi, miserescite regis,

Verg. A. 8, 572:

at tu, pater deūm hominumque, hinc saltem arce hostes,

Liv. 1, 12.—

In adding an entirely opposite thought, but, but indeed, but on the other hand, on the contrary, etc. (the strictly class. signif. of the word).

In gen.: at differentiam rerum significat: ut cum dicimus, Scipio est bellator, at M. Cato orator, Paul. ex Fest. p. 11 Müll.: splendet saepe, ast idem nimbis interdum nigret, Att., Trag. Rel. p. 170 Rib.: So. Mentire nunc. Me. At jam faciam, ut verum dicas dicere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 189: So. Per Jovem juro med etc. Me. At ego per Mercurium juro, tibi etc., id. ib. 1, 1, 280:

Atque oppido hercle bene velle illud visus sum, Ast non habere quoi commendarem caprum,

id. Merc. 2, 1, 22:

fecit idem Themistocles... at idem Pericles non fecit,

Cic. Att. 7, 11, 3:

non placet M. Antonio consulatus meus, at placuit P. Servilio,

id. Phil. 2, 5, 12:

majores nostri Tusculanos Aequos... in civitatem etiam acceperunt, at Karthaginem et Numantiam funditus sustulerunt,

id. Off. 1, 11, 35: brevis a naturā nobis vita data est;

at memoria bene redditae vitae sempiterna,

id. Phil. 14, 12, 32; id. Cat. 2, 2, 3; id. Leg. 2, 18:

crebras a nobis litteras exspecta, ast plures etiam ipse mittito,

id. Att. 1, 16 fin.: Rejectis pilis comminus gladiis pugnatum est. At Germani phalange factā impetus gladiorum exceperunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 52:

Postquam Caesar dicendi finem fecit, ceteri verbo alius alii varie adsentiebantur. At M. Porcius Cato hujusce modi orationem habuit,

Sall. C. 52, 1:

hac iter Elysium nobis, at laeva... ad impia Tartara mittit,

Verg. A. 6, 542: T. Ante leves ergo pascentur in aethere cervi... M. At nos hinc alii sitientīs ibimus Afros, id. E. 1, 65: Dam. Malo me Galatea petit, lasciva puella... Men. At mihi sese offert ultro meus ignis Amyntas, id. ib. 3, 66; 7, 35; 7, 55; id. G. 1, 219; 1, 242; 1, 370; 2, 151; 2, 184; 3, 331; 4, 18; 4, 180; id. A. 2, 35; 2, 687; 3, 424; 5, 264;

6, 489: Ast ego nutrici non mando vota,

Pers. 2, 39:

ast illi tremat etc.,

id. 6, 74:

Ast vocat officium,

id. 6, 27:

At Jesus audiens ait,

Vulg. Matt. 9, 12; 9, 22; 12, 3; 12, 48 et persaep.—

In order to strengthen a contrast, sometimes (esp. in Plaut. and Ter.) with contra, e contrario, potius, etiam, vero.

With contra:

Summis nitere opibus, at ego contra ut dissimilis siem,

Lucil. 26, 19 Müll.:

Ergo quod magnumst aeque leviusque videtur... At contra gravius etc.,

Lucr. 1, 366; so id. 1, 570; 1, 1087; 2, 235: L. Opimius ejectus est e patriā: At contra bis Catilina absolutus est, Cic. Pis. 95; id. Verr. 5, 66; id. Sex. Rosc. 131; id. Quinct. 75:

At tibi contra Evenit, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 27:

(Cornutus) taedio curarum mortem in se festinavit: at contra reus nihil infracto animo, etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 28.—

With e contrario: apud nos mercenarii scribae existimantur;

at apud illos e contrario nemo ad id officium admittitur, nisi, etc.,

Nep. Eum. 1, 5:

in locis siccis partibus sulcorum imis disponenda sunt semina, ut tamquam in alveolis maneant. At uliginosis e contrario in summo porcae dorso collocanda, etc.,

Col. 11, 3, 44.—

With potius:

at satius fuerat eam viro dare nuptum potius,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 44:

at potius serves nostram, tua munera, vitam,

Ov. H. 3, 149.—

With etiam: At etiam, furcifer, Male loqui mi audes? but do you even? etc., Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 31; id. Trin. 4, 2, 151; id. Rud. 3, 4, 6:

At etiam cubat cuculus. Surge, amator, i domum,

but he is yet abed, id. As. 5, 2, 73; so id. Capt. 2, 3, 98; id. Mil. 4, 4, 6:

Exi foras, sceleste. At etiam restitas, Fugitive!

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 1; 5, 6, 10: Proinde aut exeant, aut quiescant, etc.... at etiam sunt, Quirites, qui dicant, a me in exsilium ejectum esse Catilinam, on the contrary, there are indeed people who say. etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 12; id. Phil. 2, 30, 76; id. Quinct. 56; id. Verr. 5, 77; id. Dom. 70 al.—

With vero, but certainly:

At vero aut honoribus aucti aut etc.,

Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Off. 2, 20, 70; 2, 23, 80; id. Fin. 1, 10, 33; id. Verr. 2, 5, 17 al.—

With certe:

Numquam ego te, vitā frater amabilior, Aspiciam posthac. At certe semper amabo,

Cat. 65, 11; 66, 25. —

So, quidem—at (very rare) = quidem —autem, Cic. Off. 1, 22, 75.—

Ironically: Th. Quid valeam? Ly. At tu aegrota, si lubet, per me aetatem quidem, Plaut. Curc. 4, 3, 22:

at, credo, mea numina tandem Fessa jacent,

Verg. A. 7, 297; 7, 363; Ov. H. 1, 44.—

Very freq. in adding an objection, from one's own mind or another's, against an assertion previously made, but, on the contrary, in opposition to this; sometimes, but one may say, it may be objected, and the like:

Piscium magnam atque altilium vim interfecisti. At nego,

Lucil. 28, 43 Müll.:

Quid tandem te impedit? Mosne majorum? At persaepe etiam privati in hac re publicā perniciosos cives morte multārunt. An leges, quae de civium Romanorum supplicio rogatae sunt? At numquam in hac urbe etc.,

Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

Appellandi tempus non erat? At tecum plus annum vixit. In Galliā agi non potuit? At et in provinciā jus dicebatur et etc.,

id. Quinct. 41:

Male judicavit populus. At judicavit. Non debuit. At potuit. Non fero. At multi clarissimi cives tulerunt,

id. Planc. 11:

sunt, quos signa, quos caelatum argentum delectant. At sumus, inquiunt, civitatis principes,

id. Part. Or. 5, 2, 36; id. Fin. 4, 25, 71; id. Verr. 2, 2 fin.:

quid porro quaerendum est? Factumne sit? At constat: A quo? At patet,

id. Mil. 6, 15; id. Phil. 2, 9: convivium vicinorum cotidie compleo, quod ad multam noctem, quam maxime possumus, vario sermone producimus. At non est voluptatum tanta quasi titillatio in senibus. Credo: sed ne desideratio quidem, [p. 187] id. Sen. 14, 47:

multo magnus orator praestat minutis imperatoribus. At prodest plus imperator. Quis negat?

id. Brut. 73, 256; id. Div. 2, 29, 62; 2, 31, 67; 2, 32, 69 al.:

Maxime Juppiter! At in se Pro quaestu sumptum facit hic,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 18 al. — In this case freq. strengthened,

By pol, edepol, hercule: At pol ego neque florem neque flocces volo mihi, Caecil., Com. Rel. p. 67 Rib.: So. Non edepol volo profecto. Me. At pol profecto ingratiis, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 215; so id. As. 2, 2, 34; 4, 2, 14; id. Capt. 3, 4, 64; id. Cas. 2, 3, 15; id. Cist. 4, 2, 70; id. Trin. 2, 4, 73: Ha. Gaudio ero vobis. Ad. At edepol nos voluptati tibi, id. Poen. 5, 4, 61; 3, 1, 68:

At hercule aliquot annos populus Romanus maximā parte imperii caruit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 54; id. Sex. Rosc. 50:

at hercle in eā controversiā, quae de Argis est, superior sum,

Liv. 34, 31:

At, Hercule, reliquis omnibus etc.,

Plin. 7, 50, 51, § 169:

At, hercules, Diodorus et in morbo etc.,

id. 29, 6, 39, § 142:

At hercule Germanicum Druso ortum etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 3; 1, 17; 1, 26;

3, 54: At, hercules, si conscius fuissem etc.,

Curt. 6, 10, 20 al. —

By enim, which introduces a reason for the objection implied in at, but certainly, but surely, but indeed, etc., alla gar: At enim tu nimis spisse incedis, Naev., Com. Rel. p. 16 Rib.; Turp. id. p. 93: at enim nimis hic longo sermone utimur;

Diem conficimus,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 78:

At enim istoc nil est magis etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 21:

At enim vereor, inquit Crassus, ne haec etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 188:

cum dixisset Sophocles, O puerum pulchrum, Pericle. At enim praetorem, Sophocle, decet non solum manus, sed etiam oculos abstinentes habere, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 40, 144 Beier; so id. Mur. 35, 74; id. Inv. 2, 17, 52 al.:

at enim inter hos ipsos existunt graves controversiae,

id. Quinct. 1; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51; 20, 60; id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; id. Ac. 2, 17, 52:

At enim cur a me potissimum hoc praesidium petiverunt?

id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 15:

At enim quis reprehendet, quod in parricidas rei publicae decretum erit?

Sall. C. 51, 25 Kritz:

At enim quid ita solus ego circum curam ago?

Liv. 6, 15; 34, 32:

At enim eo foedere, quod etc.,

id. 21, 18; 34, 31; 39, 37: At enim nova nobis in fratrum filias conjugia;

sed etc.,

Tac. A. 12, 6.—

By tamen: Jam id peccatum primum magnum, magnum, at humanum tamen, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 53: Hi secretis sermonibus... conveniunt;

nam publice civitas talibus inceptis abhorrebat. At tamen interfuere quidam etc.,

Tac. H. 4, 55:

At certe tamen, inquiunt, quod etc.,

Cat. 10, 14.—

With a preced. negative, sometimes no antithesis is appended by at, but it is indicated that if what has been said is not true, yet at least something else is true, but yet; sometimes with tamen, but yet; or certe, but at least, yet at least:

Nolo victumas: at minimis me extis placare volo,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 95:

Si tibi non cordi fuerant conubia nostra,... At tamen in vostras potuisti ducere sedes,

Cat. 64, 158 sq.:

Non cognoscebantur foris, at domi: non ab alienis, at a suis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 11, 56:

Liceat haec nobis, si oblivisci non possumus, at tacere,

id. Fl. 25, 61:

Si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma, At sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi,

Verg. A. 1, 543; so id. ib. 4, 615, and 6, 406. —With certe:

Haec erant... quorum cognitio studiosis juvenibus si non magnam utilitatem adferet, at certe, quod magis petimus, bonam voluntatem,

Quint. 12, 11, 31; Cels. 2, 15; Suet. Calig. 12, al.—

The antithesis is sometimes not so much in the clause appended by at, as in the persons or things introduced in it; so,

Esp. freq. in conditional clauses with si, si non, si minus, etiam si, etc.; cf. Herm. ad Viger. 241: Si ego hic peribo, ast ille, ut dixit, non redit; At erit mi hoc factum mortuo memorabile, if I perish here, but he does not return, yet etc., Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 26; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 131:

si ego digna hac contumeliā Sum maxime, at tu indignus qui faceres tamen,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 25:

Si tu oblitus es, at di meminerunt,

Cat. 30, 11:

si non eo die, at postridie,

Cato, R. R. 2, 1:

si non paulo, at aliquanto (post petīsses),

Cic. Quinct. 40; 97; id. Mil. 93 al.:

quanta tempestas invidiae nobis, si minus in praesens, at in posteritatem impendeat,

id. Cat. 1, 22; id. Verr. 5, 69; id. Clu. 15: qui non possit, etiam si sine ullā suspitione, at non sine argumento male dicere, id. Cael. 3, 8.—

With etsi:

ei, etsi nequāquam parem illius ingenio, at pro nostro tamen studio meritam gratiam referamus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 4, 14; Tac. Or. 19.—

With quod si:

Quod si nihil cum potentiore juris humani relinquitur inopi, at ego ad deos confugiam,

Liv. 9, 1; Tac. A. 1, 67.—

At, like autem and de, sometimes serves simply to introduce an explanation: cum Sic mutilus miniteris. At illi foeda cicatrix etc., now an ugly scar etc., Hor. S. 1, 5, 60. —

And also like de in Hom. and Hdt., it sometimes introduces an apodosis,

With si: Bellona, si hobie nobis victoriam duis, ast ego templum tibi voveo, if to-day thou bestow victory, then I etc., ean—de, Liv. 10, 19.—

With quoniam: Nunc, quoniam tuum insanabile ingenium est, at tu tuo supplicio doce etc., since your disposition is past cure, at least etc., epei—de, Liv. 1, 28.

At is sometimes repeated at the beginning of several clauses,

In opposition each to the preceding clause: Soph. Tu quidem haut etiam octoginta's pondo. Paegn. At confidentiā Militia illa militatur multo magis quam pondere. At ego hanc operam perdo, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 47 sq.:

Si ego hic peribo, ast ille, ut dixit, non redit: At erit mi hoc factum mortuo memorabile,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 25 sq.; id. As. 5, 2, 6 sqq. (Cic., in Quir. 7 and 10, opposes at to sed, and Tac., in A. 12, 6, sed to at).—

In opposition to some common clause preceding:

At etiam asto? At etiam cesso foribus facere hisce assulas?

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 20: Quid tum esse existimas judicatum? Certe gratīs judicāsse. At condemnārat; at causam totam non audierat;

at in contionibus etc.,

Cic. Caecin. 113:

Sit flagitiorum omnium princeps: at est bonus imperator, at felix,

id. Verr. 5, 4; id. Sest. 47; id. Fragm. B. 16, 5 B. and K.: Nefarius Hippias Pisistrati filius arma contra patriam ferens;

at Sulla, at Marius, at Cinna recte, imo jure fortasse,

id. Att. 9, 10, 3: At non formosa est, at non bene culta puella;

At, puto, non votis saepe petita meis?

Ov. Am. 3, 7, 1 sq. Merk.:

At quam sunt similes, at quam formosus uterque!

id. F. 2, 395: rideri possit eo quod Rusticius tonso toga defluit: at est bonus ut melior vir Non alius quisquam; at tibi amicus;

at ingenium ingens Inculto latet hoc sub corpore,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 30 sqq. (cf. sed—

sed,

Cat. 64, 141; Juv. 5, 61; 8, 149; and a similar use of alla in Hellenistic Greek, as alla—alla, 2 Cor. 2, 17: alla—alla —alla, 1 Cor. 6, 11).—

Though regularly occupying the first place in its clause or sentence, it sometimes stands second (cf. atque fin.):

Saepius at si me, Lycida formose, revisas,

Verg. E. 7, 67; id. G. 3, 331:

Tutior at quanto merx est in classe secundā,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 47:

Mentior at si quid, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 8, 37:

Gramineis ast inde toris discumbitur,

Val. Fl. 8, 255:

Major at inde etc.,

Stat. Th. 4, 116.—See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 417-451; Wagner, Quaest. XXXVII. ad Verg. IV. pp. 581- 585.

atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).

In joining single words, which is its most common use.

In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)

The form atque.

Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):

sociorum atque amicorum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):

deposci atque expeti,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):

excitare atque inflammare,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):

honestissimus atque ornatissimus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):

Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—

Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

Gallorum atque Belgarum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,

Cassius atque Brutus,

Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):

in portubus atque custodiis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):

superatam esse atque depressam,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):

vitiis atque flagitiis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):

dignitate atque gloria,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:

virtute atque gloria,

Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):

labore atque justitia,

Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):

hilari atque laeto,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):

multae atque magnae,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):

adventu atque nomine,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):

magna atque praeclara,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):

se conlegit atque recreavit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):

provinciarum atque sociorum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):

parietum atque tectorum,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):

gravis atque vehemens,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—

The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

sentientes ac bene meritos,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:

feri ac barbari,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):

liberis ac conjugibus,

Liv. 21, 30:

Romae ac circa urbem,

id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):

periculum ac discrimen,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:

usus ac disciplina,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):

opima est ac fertilis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:

potentissimos ac firmissimos,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;

2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,

Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):

nobilitatis ac juventutis,

Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):

terrore ac metu,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):

insedit ac nimis inveteravit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

gentes ac nationes,

id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):

celeberrimum ac plenissimum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):

firmamenti ac roboris,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):

vectigalibus ac sociis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):

tantis rebus ac tanto bello,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):

armatos ac victores,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

inconsulte ac veluti etc.,

Sall. C. 42, 2:

opera ac vineae,

Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:

Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,

Tac. Agr. 35:

in se simul atque in Herculem,

id. G. 34:

suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,

id. ib. 30; so,

sociis pariter atque hostibus,

id. H. 4, 73:

innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,

id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:

verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,

Cic. Cael. 19, 45:

omnia honesta atque inhonesta,

Sall. C. 30, 4:

nobiles atque ignobiles,

id. ib. 20, 7:

caloris ac frigoris patientia par,

Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:

vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—

Esp.

In a hendiadys:

utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,

with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:

de conplexu ejus ac sinu,

of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,

Sall. C. 3 fin.:

clamore atque adsensu,

shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—

In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).

Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:

Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,

and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:

rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,

and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:

magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,

and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:

hebeti ingenio atque nullo,

and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,

and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:

fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,

and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:

intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,

id. C. 52, 35.—

With adeo, and that too, and even:

intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,

Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:

qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,

id. ib. 2, 12, 27:

insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,

id. Planc. 19 fin.:

non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,

Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:

atque adeo autem quor etc.,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—

With etiam:

id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,

and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:

ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,

Liv. 3, 46.—

With the dem. pron. hic, is:

negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,

and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:

maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 27:

Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,

id. ib. 2, 2:

duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,

id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:

flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,

id. B. G. 5, 18:

ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:

dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,

Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—

In comparisons.

Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:

si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:

Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,

Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:

pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:

neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,

Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,

Nep. Dat. 3, 5:

magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,

id. Hann. 5, 3:

pariter patribus ac plebi carus,

Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:

In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,

Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:

equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:

cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,

Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:

et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,

id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:

similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,

Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:

contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,

Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:

faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:

cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,

Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—

Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:

illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,

other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:

aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.

also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,

Cic. Att. 2, 3:

simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,

id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,

id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—

Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;

once, however, non aliter, ac si,

Cic. Att. 13, 51;

v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,

Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:

nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,

id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:

quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,

id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:

si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,

id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:

Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,

just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:

tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,

id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:

reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,

id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:

quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,

id. Mur. 4 fin.:

haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,

Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —

More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;

in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:

haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,

Cic. Cat. 4, 2:

pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,

id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:

non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,

nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:

neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:

num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?

id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—

Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):

nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:

quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,

id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:

quae suco caret atque putris pumex,

Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—

Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:

amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:

non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:

Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,

Cat. 61, 172:

haud minus ac jussi faciunt,

Verg. A. 3, 561:

Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:

nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,

id. ib. 2, 7, 96:

Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,

id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —

In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:

principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,

as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:

judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,

Dig. 21, 1, 25:

quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,

ib. 16, 1, 24.—

To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.

Absol.:

Decipiam ac non veniam,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:

si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:

perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,

Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:

quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 33:

si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?

id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,

id. Att. 1, 16:

si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,

id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:

velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,

Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:

si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,

Tac. Or. 1.—

With potius:

Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):

quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?

id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:

concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,

Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —

In connecting clauses and beginning periods.

In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:

atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:

cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:

multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,

Tac. A. 1, 47:

Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,

Tac. Or. 14:

ac similiter in translatione, etc.,

Quint. 3, 6, 77.—

In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.

Absol.:

maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,

and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —

Often with etiam:

Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,

Cic. Or. 40, 139:

Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—

Sometimes with quoque:

Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—

And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—

In narration:

aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,

Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:

completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,

Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —

In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):

Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:

ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,

Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;

12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,

Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;

and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,

Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:

Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:

Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,

id. Lael. 15, 54.—

In connecting two acts or events.

In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;

ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,

And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:

Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,

and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:

dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:

lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,

and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:

dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,

Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:

tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,

id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:

cape hoc argentum atque defer,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:

abi domum ac deos comprecare,

id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:

tace modo ac sequere hac,

id. ib. 2, 4, 16:

Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,

Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:

Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,

id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—

In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.

Absol.:

si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,

and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—

With ita or sic:

Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,

Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:

ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,

Quint. 12, 10, 67.—

Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):

non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,

Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—

(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:

Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:

hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,

id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;

ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:

Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,

And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—

In expressing a wish, atque utinam:

Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!

Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

Atque utinam pro decore etc.,

Liv. 21, 41, 13:

Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,

Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:

Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!

Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—

To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.

Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;

atque ipsis commentum placet,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):

ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,

id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:

ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,

and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:

observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,

Plin. Pan. 26.—

With tamen:

nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:

discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,

id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,

id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):

ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,

Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;

14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,

id. H. 5, 16.—

To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;

... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:

nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),

Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—

In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).

A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:

Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,

Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:

Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,

id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:

Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,

Cels. 8, 1:

Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:

Ac ne forte putes,

id. ib. 2, 1, 208:

Ac ne forte putes etc.,

Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—

A positive purpose:

Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:

Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,

id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,

id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—

a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:

atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,

id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—

In introducing parentheses:

vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,

Liv. 21, 38:

omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,

Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —

At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:

Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,

id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,

id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—

In particular connections and phrases.

Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:

unae atque alterae scalae,

Sall. J. 60, 7:

quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,

id. ib. 93, 2:

unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,

Tac. H. 5, 6:

dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,

Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:

alius atque alius,

Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:

aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,

Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—

Etiam atque etiam. again and again:

temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:

etiam atque etiam considera,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:

monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,

id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:

iterum atque iterum,

Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—

Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—

Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:

atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,

but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:

Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,

and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—

Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:

Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,

Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:

quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,

id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:

nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,

id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,

Quint. 10, 2, 2.—

With other conjunctions.

After et:

equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,

id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:

vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,

Tac. Agr. 32.:

denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,

Liv. 21, 6, 4:

ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,

id. 21, 41, 2:

et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,

Quint. 8, 3, 3:

Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,

id. 12, 10, 67. —

After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:

submoverique atque in castra redigi,

Liv. 26, 10:

terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,

id. 21, 52:

mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,

Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—

Before et:

caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,

Tac. Agr. 32.—

After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):

nec clavis nec canis atque calix,

Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:

mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,

Suet. Vesp. 12.—

Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:

atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,

Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:

omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,

id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:

Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,

Cat. 68, 152:

Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,

Verg. G. 4, 463:

Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,

id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:

Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,

Tib. 2, 5, 73:

complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,

Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.

► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:

In the second place:

Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,

Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:

Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,

id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):

Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,

Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—

In the third place:

quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,

Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

bĕnĕ, adv. of manner and intensity [bonus; the first vowel assimilated to the e of the foll. syllable; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 366], well ( comp. melius, better; sup. optime [v. bonus init. ], best; often to be rendered by more specific Engl. adverbs).

As adjunct of verbs.

In gen.

Of physical or external goodness, usefulness, ornament, and comfort:

villam rusticam bene aedificatam habere expedit,

Cato, R. R. 3:

villam bonam beneque aedificatam,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

quid est agrum bene colere? Bene arare,

Cato, R. R. 61:

agro bene culto nihil potest esse... uberius,

Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

ubi cocta erit bene,

Cato, R. R. 157; 3; 4;

32 et saep.: te auratam et vestitam bene,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 50: ornatus hic satis me condecet? Ps. Optume, it is very becoming, id. Ps. 4, 1, 26:

me bene curata cute vises,

well tended, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 15:

bene olere,

Verg. E. 2, 48:

bene sonare,

Quint. 8, 3, 16:

neque tamen non inprimis bene habitavit,

in the very best style, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

a Catone cum quaereretur, quid maxime in re familiari expediret, respondet Bene pascere? Quid secundum? Satis bene pascere,

Cic. Off. 2, 25, 89: so,

bene cenare,

Cat. 13, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56:

bene de rebus domesticis constitutum esse,

to be in good circumstances, Cic. Sest. 45, 97;

similarly: rem (i. e. familiarem) bene paratam comitate perdidit,

well arranged, Plaut. Rud. prol. 38.—

With respect to the mind.

Perception, knowledge, ability:

quas tam bene noverat quam paedagogos nostros novimus,

Sen. Ep. 27, 5:

quin melius novi quam te et vidi saepius,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 22:

novi optime (Bacchus) et saepe vidi,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:

qui optime suos nosse deberet,

Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1; id. S. 1, 9, 22: satin' haec meministi et tenes? Pa. Melius quam tu qui docuisti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 2:

quod eo mihi melius cernere videor quo ab eo proprius absum,

Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

ut hic melius quam ipse illa scire videatur,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Or. 38, 132:

cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram suam,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

gubernatoris ars quia bene navigandi rationem habet,

of able seamanship, id. ib. 1, 13, 42:

melius in Volscis imperatum est,

better generalship was displayed, Liv. 2, 63, 6:

nihil melius quam omnis mundus administratur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59: de medico bene existimari scribis, that he is well thought ( spoken) of, i. e. his ability, id. Fam. 16, 14, 1:

prudentibus et bene institutis,

well educated, id. Sen. 14, 50:

sapientibus et bene natura constitutis,

endowed with good natural talent, id. Sest. 65, 137:

quodsi melius geruntur ea quae consilio geruntur quam, etc.,

more ably, id. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

tabulas bene pictas collocare in bono lumine,

good paintings, id. Brut. 75, 261:

canere melius,

Verg. E. 9, 67; Quint. 10, 1, 91:

bene pronuntiare,

id. 11, 3, 12:

bene respondere interrogationibus,

id. 5, 7, 28; 6, 3, 81.—

Of feeling, judgment, and will:

similis in utroque nostrum, cum optime sentiremus, error fuit,

when we had the best intentions, Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; so id. ib. 6, 4, 2; so,

bene sentire,

id. ib. 6, 1, 3; so,

bene, optime de re publica sentire,

to hold sound views on public affairs, id. Off. 1, 41, 149; id. Fam. 4, 14, 1; id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:

bene animatas eas (insulas) confirmavit,

well disposed, Nep. Cim. 2, 4:

ei causae quam Pompeius animatus melius quam paratus susceperat,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 10; so, optime animati, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7:

quod bene cogitasti aliquando, laudo,

that you had good intentions, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

se vero bene sperare (i. e. de bello),

had good hopes, Liv. 6, 6, 18:

sperabis omnia optime,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:

tibi bene ex animo volo,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6; so freq.: bene alicui velle, v. volo: bene aliquid consulere, to plan something well:

vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo prospera omnia cedunt,

Sall. C. 52, 29:

omnia non bene consulta,

id. J. 92, 2. —

Of morality, honesty, honor, etc.

Bene vivere, or bene beateque vivere ( = kalôs kagathôs), to lead a moral and happy life:

qui virtutem habeat, eum nullius rei ad bene vivendum indigere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93:

in dialectica vestra nullam esse ad melius vivendum vim,

id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:

quod ni ita accideret et melius et prudentius viveretur,

id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. id. Ac. 1, 4, 15; id. Fin. 1, 13, 45; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fam. 4, 3, 3 et saep. (for another meaning of bene vivere, cf. e. infra).—

Bene mori, to die honorably, bravely, creditably, gloriously:

qui se bene mori quam turpiter vivere maluit,

Liv. 22, 50, 7:

ne ferrum quidem ad bene moriendum oblaturus est hostis,

id. 9, 3, 3; so id. 21, 42, 4:

tum potui, Medea, mori bene,

Ov. H. 12, 5.—

Bene partum, what is honestly, honorably earned or acquired:

multa bona bene parta habemus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 65:

mei patris bene parta indiligenter Tutatur,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 5:

res familiaris primum bene parta sit, nullo neque turpi quaestu, neque odioso,

Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:

diutine uti bene licet partum bene,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 15; Sall. C. 51, 42 (cf.:

mala parta,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 65:

male par tum,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 22).—

Apud bonos bene agier, an old legal formula: bona fide agi (v. bonus), to be transacted in good faith among good men. ubi erit illa formula fiduciae ut inter bonos bene agier oportet? Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 61; 3, 17, 70.—

Non bene = male, not faithfully:

esse metus coepit ne jura jugalia conjunx Non bene servasset,

Ov. M. 7, 716.—

Representing an action as right or correct, well, rightly, correctly: bene mones, Ibo, you are right ( to admonish me), Ter. And. 2, 2, 36:

sequi recusarunt bene monentem,

Liv. 22, 60, 17:

quom mihi et bene praecipitis, et, etc.,

since you give sound advice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 55; so Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6; 3, 3, 80; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 372, 7:

bene enim majores accubitionem epularem amicorum convivium nominarunt, melius quam Graeci,

Cic. Sen. 13, 45:

hoc bene censuit Scaevola,

correctly, Dig. 17, 1, 48.—

Pleasantly, satisfactorily, profitably, prosperously, fortunately, successfully:

nunc bene vivo et fortunate atque ut volo atque animo ut lubet,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 111:

nihil adferrent quo jucundius, id est melius, viveremus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 41, 72:

si bene qui cenat, bene vivit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56: quamobrem melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, is better or more profitably invested, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

perdenda sunt multa beneficia ut semel ponas bene, Sen. Ben. poet. 1, 2, 1: etiamsi nullum (beneficium) bene positurus sit,

id. ib. 1, 2, 2:

quando hoc bene successit,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 23: bene ambulatum'st? Di. Huc quidem, hercle, ad te bene, Quia tui vivendi copia'st, has your walk been pleasant? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 18:

melius ominare,

use words of better omen, id. Rud. 2, 3, 7; Cic. Brut. 96, 329:

qui se suamque aetatem bene curant,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 36.—So, bene (se) habere: ut bene me haberem filiai nuptiis, have a good time at, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 2:

qui se bene habet suisque amicis usui est,

who enjoys his life and is a boon companion, id. Mil. 3, 1, 128:

nam hanc bene se habere aetatem nimio'st aequius,

id. Merc. 3, 2, 6: bene consulere alicui, to take good care for somebody ' s interests:

tuae rei bene consulere cupio,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 9:

ut qui mihi consultum optume velit esse,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1:

me optime consulentem saluti suae,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 2:

qui se ad sapientes viros bene consulentes rei publicae contulerunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 46.—So, bene mereri, and rarely bene merere, to deserve well of one, i. e. act for his advantage; absol. or with de:

addecet Bene me, renti bene referre gratiam,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 36:

Licinii aps te bene merenti male refertur gratia?

id. Ps. 1, 3, 86:

ut memorem in bene meritos animum praestarem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

cogor nonnumquam homines non optime de me meritos rogatu eorum qui bene meriti sunt, defendere,

id. ib. 7, 1, 4:

tam bene meritis de nomine Punico militibus,

Liv. 23, 12, 5:

si bene quid de te merui,

Verg. A. 4, 317; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; id. Sest. 1, 2; 12, 39; 66, 139; 68, 142; id. Mil. 36, 99; id. Phil. 2, 14, 36 et saep.; v. mereo, D. and P. a.—So esp. referring to price: bene emere, to buy advantageously, i. e. cheaply; bene vendere, to sell advantageously, i. e. at a high price: bene ego hercle vendidi te, Plaut. [p. 230] Durc. 4, 2, 34:

et quoniam vendat, velle quam optime vendere,

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:

ita nec ut emat melius, nec ut vendat quidquam, simulabit vir bonus,

id. ib. 3, 15, 61: vin' bene emere? Do. Vin' tu pulcre vendere? Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 38:

melius emetur,

Cato, R. R. 1: quo melius emptum sciatis, Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 50 fin.:

qui vita bene credat emi honorem,

cheaply, Verg. A. 9, 206; Sil 4, 756.—

Expressing kindness, thanks, etc.: bene facis, bene vocas, bene narras, I thank you, am obliged to you for doing, calling, saying (colloq.): merito amo te. Ph. Bene facis, thanks! Ter Eun. 1, 2, 106; cf.:

in consuetudinem venit, bene facis et fecisti non mdicantis esse, sed gratias agentis, Don. ad loc.' placet, bene facitis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 43: dividuom talentum faciam. La. Bene facis, id. ib. 5, 3, 52: si quid erit dubium, immutabo Da. Bene fecisti, id. Ep. 5, 1, 40 Lo. Adeas, si velis. La. Bene hercle factum vobis habeo gratiam. Accedam propius, id. Rud. 3, 6, 2; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 10.—With gratiam habere: bene fecisti;

gratiam habeo maximam,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 61; cf.

bene benigneque arbitror te facere,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 130: quin etiam Graecis licebit utare cum voles... Bene sane facis, sed enitar ut Latine loquar, I thank you for the permission, but, etc., Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 25: an exitum Cassi Maelique expectem? Bene facitis quod abominamini... sed, etc., I am much obliged to you for abhorring this, but, etc., Liv. 6, 18, 9: bene edepol narras; nam illi faveo virgini, thanks for telling me, for, etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 7 (cf.:

male hercule narras,

I owe you little thanks for saying so, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10):

bene, ita me di ament, nuntias,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 20:

benenarras,

Cic. Att. 16, 14, 4; 13, 33, 2: tu ad matrem adi. Bene vocas; benigne dicis Cras apud te, thanks for your invitation, but, etc., Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 108: eamus intro ut prandeamus. Men. Bene vocas, tam gratia'st, id. Men. 2, 3, 41.—

Of accuracy, etc., well, accurately, truly, completely:

cum ceterae partes aetatis bene descriptae sint,

Cic. Sen. 2, 5:

cui bene librato... Obstitit ramus,

Ov. M. 8, 409:

at bene si quaeras,

id. ib. 3, 141:

tibi comprimam linguam. Hau potes: Bene pudiceque adservatur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196:

bene dissimulare amorem,

entirely, Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:

quis enim bene celat amorem?

Ov. H. 12, 37.—So with a negation, = male restat parvam quod non bene compleat urnam, Ov. M. 12, 615: non bene conveniunt... Majestas et amor, id. ib 2, 846.—Redundant, with vix (Ovid.):

vix bene Castalio descenderat antro, Incustoditam lente videt ire juvencam ( = vix descenderat cum, etc.),

Ov. M. 3, 14:

tactum vix bene limen erat, Aesonides, dixi, quid agit meus?

id. H. 6, 24:

vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,

id. F 5, 277.—

Sup., most opportunely, at the nick of time (comic):

sed eccum meum gnatum optume video,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 57:

sed optume eccum exit senex,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 44. optume adveniens, puere, cape Chlamydem, etc., id. Merc. 5, 2, 69: Davum optume Video, Ter And. 2, 1, 35; 4, 2, 3; Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 25; 4, 5, 19; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 9; 5, 5, 2.—

Pregn.: bene polliceri = large polliceri, to make liberal promises ' praecepit ut ceteros adeant, bene polliceantur, Sall. C. 41, 5; cf.: bene promittere, to promise success:

quae autem inconstantia deorum ut primis minentur extis, bene promittant secundis?

Cic. Div. 2, 17, 38.—

In partic.

Bene dicere.

To speak well, i. e. eloquently:

qui optime dicunt,

the most eloquent, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119; 2, 2, 5:

etiam bene dicere haud absurdum est,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

abunde dixit bene quisquis rei satisfecit,

Quint. 12, 9, 7;

cf: bene loqui,

to use good language, speak good Latin, Cic. Brut. 58, 212, 64, 228.—

To speak ably:

multo oratorem melius quam ipsos illos quorum eae sint artes esse dicturum,

Cic. Or. 1, 15, 65; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 4. bene dicendi scientia, Quint. 7, 3, 12.—

To speak correctly or elegantly:

eum et Attice dicere et optime, ut..bene dicere id sit, Attice dicere,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 13 ' optime dicta, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—So, bene loqui:

ut esset perfecta illa bene loquendi laus,

Cic. Brut. 72, 252:

at loquitur pulchre. Num melius quam Plato?

id. Opt. Gen. 5, 16.—

To speak well, i e. kindly, of one, to praise him; absol. or with dat., or reflex., with inter (less correctly as one word, benedicere): cui bene dixit umquam bono? Of what good man has he ever spoken well, or, what good man has he ever praised, Cic. Sest. 52, 110. bene, quaeso, inter vos dicatis, et amice absenti tamen, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 31.—Ironically:

bene equidem tibi dico qui te digna ut eveniant precor,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 26:

nec tibi cessaret doctus bene dicere lector,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 9: cui a viris bonis bene dicatur, Metell. Numid. ap. Gell. 6, 11, 3.— And dat understood:

si bene dicatis (i. e. mihi) vostra ripa vos sequar,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 18 ' omnes bene dicunt (ei), et amant (eum), Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 11:

ad bene dicendum (i e. alteri) delectandumque redacti,

Hor. Ep 2, 1, 155 —Part. ' indignis si male dicitur, male dictum id esse duco;

Verum si dignis dicitur, bene dictum'st,

is a praise, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27 sq.: nec bene nec male dicta profuerunt ad confirmandos animos, Liv 23, 46, 1; cf. Ter. Phorm. prol. 20 infra. —Bene audio = bene dicitur mihi, I am praised:

bene dictis si certasset, audisset bene,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 20; v. audio, 5.—

To use words of good omen (euphêmein): Ol. Quid si fors aliter quam voles evenerit? St. Bene dice, dis sum fretus ( = fave lingua, melius ominare), Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38 heja, bene dicito, id. As. 3, 3, 155.—

Bene dixisti, a formula of approbation: ne quan do iratus tu alio conferas. Th. Bene dixti, you are right, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 61. bene et sapienter dixti dudum, etc., it was a good and wise remark of yours that, etc., id. Ad. 5, 8, 30.—

Bene dicta, fine or specious, plausible words (opp. deeds):

bene dictis tuis bene facta aures meae expostulant,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 25; so,

bene loqui: male corde consultare, Bene lingua loqui,

use fine words, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 16.—

Bene facere.

Bene aliquid facere, to do, make, something well, i. e. ably (v. I. A. 2. a. supra):

vel non facere quod non op time possis, vel facere quod non pessime facias,

Cic. Or. 2, 20, 86:

non tamen haec quia possunt bene aliquando fieri passim facienda sunt,

Quint. 4, 1, 70:

Jovem Phidias optime fecit,

id. 2, 3, 6; so, melius facere, Afran. ap. Macr. 6, 1.— P. a.:

quid labor aut bene facta juvant?

his labor and well-done works are no pleasure to him, Verg. G. 3, 525. —

Bene facere, with dat. absol., with in and abl., or with erga, to do a good action, to benefit somebody, to impart benefits (less cor rectly as one word, benefacio)

With dat.:

bonus bonis bene feceris,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

bene si amico feceris, ne pigeat fecisse,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 66:

malo bene facere tantumdem est periculum quantum bono male facere,

id. Poen. 3, 3, 20:

homini id quod tu facis bene,

id. Ep 1, 2, 33:

tibi lubens bene faxim,

Ter. Ad. 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 8; 5, 8, 25:

at tibi di semper... faciant bene,

may the gods bless you, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 32:

di tibi Bene faciant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 20; so Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18.— Pass.:

quod bonis bene fit beneficium,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 108:

pulchrum est bene facere reipublicae,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

ego ne ingratis quidem bene facere absistam,

Liv. 36, 35, 4.—Reflexively. sibi bene facere, enjoy one ' s self, have a good time, genio indulgere (v. I. A. 2. e. supra): nec quisquam est tam ingenio duro quin, ubi quidquam occasionis sit sibi faciat bene, Plaut. As. grex 5.—

With in and abl.:

quoniam bene quae in me fecerunt, ingrata ea habui,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 30.—

With erga:

si quid amicum erga bene feci,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 4.—

With ellipsis of dat., to impart benefits:

ingrata atque irrita esse omnia intellego Quae dedi et quod bene feci,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 11:

quod bene fecisti, referetur gratia,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:

ego quod bene feci, male feci,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 34; id. Trin. 2, 2, 41:

si beneficia in rebus, non in ipsa benefaciendi voluntate consisterent,

Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 1:

benefaciendi animus,

id. ib. 2, 19, 1.—So esp. in formula of thanks, etc.' bene benigneque arbitror te facere, I thank you heartily, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 129: Jup. Jam nunc irata non es? Alc. Non sum. Jup. Bene facis, id. Am. 3, 2, 56; v Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 384.—P. a. as subst.: bĕnĕ facta, orum, n., benefits, benefactions (cf. beneficium): bene facta male locata male facta arbitror, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 2, 18, 62 (Trag. v 429 Vahl.): pol, bene facta tua me hortantur tuo ut imperio paream, Plaut Pers. 5, 2, 65: pro bene factis ejus uti ei pretium possim reddere. id. Capt. 5, 1, 20;

bene facta referre,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 182 tenere, id. ib. 2, 42.—So freq. in eccl. writ ers:

et si bene feceritis his qui vobis bene faciunt,

Vulg. Luc. 6, 33:

bene facite his qui oderunt vos,

id. Matt. 5, 44.—

Absol., to do good, perform meritorious acts (in fin. verb only eccl. Lat.)' discite bene facere, Vulg. Isa. 1, 17:

interrogo vos si licet sabbatis bene facere an male,

id. Luc. 6, 9:

qui bene facit, ex Deo est,

id. Joan. Ep. 3, 11.— In P a. (class.): bene facta (almost always in plur.), merits, meritorious acts, brave deeds:

bene facta recte facta sunt,

Cic. Par 3, 1, 22:

omnia bene facta in luce se collocari volunt,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 64; id. Sen. 3, 9:

bene facta mea reipublicae procedunt,

Sall. J 85, 5, cf. id. C. 8, 5; id. H. Fragm. 1, 19: veteribus bene factis nova pensantes maleficia, Liv 37, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 3, 7, 13, 12, 1, 41; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Ov. M. 15, 850, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 386.— Sing.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4.—

In medical language, to be of good effect, benefit, do good:

id bene faciet et alvum bonam faciet,

Cato, R. R. 157, 6.—So with ad: ad capitis dolorem bene facit serpyllum, Scrib Comp. 1; so id. ib. 5; 9; 13; 41.—

In the phrase bene facis, etc., as a formula of thanks, v I A. 2. f. supra.—

Expressing joy, I am glad of it, I am glad that etc. (comic.) Da. Tua quae fuit Palaestra, ea filia inventa'st mea. La. Bene meher cule factum'st, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 9: bis tanto valeo quam valui prius. Ly. Bene hercle factum et gaudeo, id. Merc. 2, 2, 27; Ter And. 5, 6, 11; id. Hec. 5, 4, 17; id. Eun. 5, 8, 7:

bene factum et volup est hodie me his mulierculis Tetulisse auxilium,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 1; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 11; so, bene factum gaudeo: nam hic noster pater est Ant. Ita me Juppiter bene amet, benefac tum gaudeo, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47; Ter Phorm. 5, 6, 43; cf.: Me. Rex Creo vigiles nocturnos singulos semper locat. So. Bene facit, quia nos eramus peregri, tutatu'st domum, I am glad of it, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19. bene fecit A. Silius qui transegerit: neque enim ei deesse volebam, et quid possem timebam, I am glad that A. Silius, etc., Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1.—

With esse.

Bene est, impers., it is well.

In the epistolary formula: si vales bene est; or, si vales bene est, (ego) valeo (abbrev. S.V.B.E.V.), Afran. ap Prisc. p 804 P; Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 1; 10, 34, 1; 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 7, 1; 5, 9, 1; 5, 10, 1; 10, 33, 1; 10, 14, 8; 10, 14, 11;

14, 14, 1, 14, 14, 16: si valetis gaudeo,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 41 —These formulas were obsolete at Seneca's time: mos antiquis fuit, usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales, bene est;

ego valeo,

Sen. Ep. 15, 1.—

= bene factum est (cf. I. 2. k. supra): oculis quoque etiam plus jam video quam prius: Ly. Bene est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 26: hic est intus filius apud nos tuus. De. Optume'st, id. ib. 5, 4, 49; Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 48, 5, 5, 3; id. Hec. 5, 4, 31.—

Bene est alicui, impers., it is ( goes) well with one, one does well, is well off, enjoys himself, is happy: nam si curent, bene bonis sit, male malis, quod nunc abest, Enn ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 79 (Trag. v. 355 Vahl.):

bona si esse veis, bene erit tibi,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 12:

quia illi, unde huc abvecta sum, malis bene esse solitum'st,

id. ib. 3, 1, 13:

qui neque tibi bene esse patere, et illis qui bus est invides,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 35 (so id. Trin. 2, 2, 71): num quippiam aluit me vis? De. Ut bene sit tibi, id Pers. 4, 8, 5; id. Poen. 4, 2, 90; Ter Phorm. 1, 2, 101: nemini nimium bene est, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.:

si non est, jurat bene solis esse maritis,

Hor. Ep 1, 1, 88:

nec tamen illis bene erit, quia non bono gaudent,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 11, 4: BENE SIT NOBIS, Inscr Orell. 4754; Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 95; 4, 2, 36; id. Curc. 4, 2, 31; id. Pers. 5, 2, 74; id. Stich. 5, 5, 12; id. Merc. 2, 2, 55; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 9.— Comp.: istas minas decem, qui me procurem dum melius sit mi, des. Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 40:

spero ex tuis litteris tibi melius esse,

that your health is better, Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 1; Ter And. 2, 5, 16.—With dat. understood: patria est ubi cumque est bene (i. e. cuique), where one does well, there is his country, Poet. ap. Cic Tusc 5, 37, 108 (Trag. Rel. inc. p. 248 Rib). [p. 231] —With abl., to be well off in, to feast upon a thing:

ubi illi bene sit ligno, aqua calida, cibo, vestimentis,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39:

at mihi bene erat, non piscibus, Sed pullo atque hoedo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 120.—

Bene sum = bene mihi est:

minore nusquam bene fui dispendio,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 20:

de eo (argento) nunc bene sunt tua virtute,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 28: dato qui bene sit;

ego ubi bene sit tibi locum lepidum dabo,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:

scis bene esse si sit unde,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 70.—

Bene habere.

With subj. nom.

To enjoy, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. I. A. 2. e. supra.—

To be favorable, to favor:

bene habent tibi principia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 82. —

With se, to be well, well off. imperator se bene habet, it is well with, Sen. Ep. 24, 9; cf.:

si te bene habes,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 122 Brix ad loc.—

Hoc bene habet, or bene habet, impers. ( = res se bene habet), it is well, matters stand well:

bene habet: jacta sunt fundamenta defensionis,

Cic. Mur. 6, 14:

bene habet: di pium movere bellum,

Liv. 8, 6, 4:

atque bene habet si a collega litatum est,

id. 8, 9, 1; Juv. 10, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 557.— So pers.: bene habemus nos, si in his spes est;

opinor, aliud agamus,

we are well off, Cic. Att. 2, 8, 1.—

Bene agere, with cum and abl.

To treat one well:

bene egissent Athenienses cum Miltiade si, etc.,

Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—

Impers.: bene agitur cum aliquo, it goes well with one, he is fortunate:

bene dicat secum esse actum,

that he has come off well, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 2:

non tam bene cum rebus humanis agitur ut meliora pluribus placeant,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 1.— With ellipsis of cum and abl.:

si hinc non abeo intestatus, bene agitur pro noxia (sc. mecum),

Plaut. Mil. 5, 23.—

Rem (negotium) bene gerere.

To administer well private or public affairs: multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 295 Vahl.):

non ut multis bene gestae, sed, ut nemini, conservatae rei publicae,

Cic. Pis. 3, 6; so,

qui ordo bene gestae rei publicae testimonium multis, mihi uni conservatae dedit,

id. Phil. 2, 1, 2:

rem publicam,

id. Pis. 19, 45:

Apollini republica vestra bene gesta servataque... donum mittitote,

Liv. 23, 11, 3.—

To be successful, meet with success, acquit one ' s self well; usu. of war;

also of private affairs: bello extincto, re bene gesta, vobis gratis habeo, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 2:

quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 41;

quasi re bene gesta,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

rem te valde bene gessisse rumor erat,

that you had met with great success, Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; id. Planc. 25, 61:

conclamant omnes occasionem negotii bene gerendi amittendam non esse,

Caes. B. G. 5, 57:

haec cogitanti accidere visa est facultas bene rei gerendae,

id. ib. 7, 44:

res bello bene gestae,

success in war, Liv. 23, 12, 11:

laeti bene gestis corpora rebus Procurate,

Verg. A. 9, 157; cf. Cic. Planc. 25, 61; Liv. 1, 37, 6; 4, 47, 1; 8, 30, 5; 22, 25, 4; 23, 36, 2.—

Bene vertere, in wishes.

With the rel. quod or quae res as subject, to turn out well; absol. or with dat.:

quae res tibi et gnatae tuae bene feliciterque vortat,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 58:

quod utrisque bene vertat,

Liv. 8, 5, 6:

quod bene verteret,

id. 3, 26, 9; cf. id. 3, 35, 8; 3, 62, 5; 7, 39, 10; v. verto; cf.:

quod bene eveniat,

Cato, R. R. 141.—

With di as subject:

di bene vortant,

may the gods let it turn out well, may the gods grant success, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 5; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 19; v. verte.—

Bene, colloquially in leave-taking: bene ambula, walk well, i. e. have a pleasant walk! Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 166: De. Bene ambulato! Ly. Bene vale! id. Merc 2, 2, 55:

bene valete et vivite!

id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:

cives bene valete!

id. Merc. 5, 2, 25; cf. id. Ep. 5, 1, 40; id. Merc. 2, 4, 28; 5, 4, 65; id. Curc. 4, 2, 30; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 115; id. Hec. 1, 2, 122:

salvere jubeo te, mi Saturides, bene,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 35: LAGGE, FILI, BENE QVIESCAS, Sepulch. Inscr. Orell. p. 4755.—

In invocations to the gods, often redundant (cf. bonus):

ita me Juppiter bene amet,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47:

di te bene ament, Hegio,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 29:

ita me di bene ament,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 43; id. Hec. 2, 1, 9; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:

Jane pater uti te... bonas preces bene precatus siem,

Cato, R. R. 134: bene sponsis, beneque volueris in precatione augurali Messala augur ait significare spoponderis, volueris, Fest. p. 351 Mull. (p. 267 Lind.).—

Elliptical expressions.

Bene, melius, optime, instead of bene, etc., dicit, dicis, or facit, facis, etc.:

bene Pericles (i.e. dixit),

Cic. Off. 1,40, 144:

bene (Philippus) ministrum et praebitorem,

id. ib. 2, 14, 53:

existimabatur bene, Latine (i. e. loqui),

id. Brut. 74, 259; so id. Sen. 14, 47:

at bene Areus,

Quint. 2, 15, 36; cf. id. 10, 1, 56:

nam ante Aristippus, et ille melius (i.e. hoc dixerat),

Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 26:

sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium (i.e. facies),

id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Fin. 1, 18, 61; 1, 19, 63; id. Off. 3, 11, 49; id. Sen. 20, 73; id. Opt. Gen. 6, 18; Quint. 10, 3, 25; 10, 2, 24; 6, 1, 3; 9, 4, 23.—

In applauding answers' bene and optime, good! bravo! excellent! euge, euge! Perbene! Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 75: huc respice. Da. Optume! id. ib. 3, 4, 3; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 114; 5, 4, 16.—

In drinking health, with acc. or dat., health to you, your health! bene vos! bene nos! bene te! bene me! bene nostram etiam Stephanium! Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 27; Tib 2, 1, 31: bene te, pater optime Caesar, etc.; Ov. F. 2, 637:

bene mihi, bene vobis, bene amicae meae!

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 21; Ov.A.A. 1, 601.—

Pregn., in ellipt. predicate: quod (imperium) si (ei) sui bene crediderint cives... credere et Latinos debere, if his own citizens did well to intrust the supreme power to him, etc., Liv. 1, 50, 5:

in Velia aedificent quibus melius quam P. Valerio creditur libertas,

to whom it will be safer to intrust liberty, id. 2, 7, 11:

melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrum viduae aut orbae vivemus,

it will be better for us to perish, id. 1, 13, 3:

bene Arruntium morte usum,

that it was right for Arruntius to die, Tac. A. 6, 48; Liv. 2, 30, 6; Quint. 9, 4, 92; Tac. A. 2, 44.—

Adv. of intensity, = valde, very, with adjj. and advv.

With adjj.: bene tempestate serena, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.): foedus feri bene firmum, id. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 3, 24, 50 (Ann. v. 33 ib.); cf.:

bene firmus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

bene robustus,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

bene morigerus fuit puer,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 13:

bene ergo ego hinc praedatus ibo,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 39:

bene lautum,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 39:

bene et naviter oportet esse impudentem,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

id utrum Romano more locutus sit, bene nummatum te futurum, an, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 16, 3:

bene sanos,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; 1, 21, 71; Hor. S. 1, 3, 61; 1, 9, 44:

bene longinquos dolores,

Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

sermonem bene longum,

id. Or. 2, 88, 361:

bene magna caterva,

id. Mur. 33, 69:

magna multitudo,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 4:

barbatus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

fidum pectus,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 15:

cautus,

Ov. H. 1, 44:

multa,

Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 15: multi, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam 10, 33, 4:

homo optime dives,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 2.—

With advv.: bene saepe libenter, Enn. Ann. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.); cf.:

bene libenter victitas,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 44:

bene mane haec scripsi,

Cic. Att. 4, 9, 2; 4, 10, 16:

bene penitus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:

bene longe,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 25:

bene gnaviter,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 1 (28), 5.—With adverb. phrase:

siad te bene ante lucem venisset,

Cic. Or. 2, 64, 259.

bĕnĕ, adv. of manner and intensity [bonus; the first vowel assimilated to the e of the foll. syllable; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 366], well ( comp. melius, better; sup. optime [v. bonus init. ], best; often to be rendered by more specific Engl. adverbs).

As adjunct of verbs.

In gen.

Of physical or external goodness, usefulness, ornament, and comfort:

villam rusticam bene aedificatam habere expedit,

Cato, R. R. 3:

villam bonam beneque aedificatam,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

quid est agrum bene colere? Bene arare,

Cato, R. R. 61:

agro bene culto nihil potest esse... uberius,

Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

ubi cocta erit bene,

Cato, R. R. 157; 3; 4;

32 et saep.: te auratam et vestitam bene,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 50: ornatus hic satis me condecet? Ps. Optume, it is very becoming, id. Ps. 4, 1, 26:

me bene curata cute vises,

well tended, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 15:

bene olere,

Verg. E. 2, 48:

bene sonare,

Quint. 8, 3, 16:

neque tamen non inprimis bene habitavit,

in the very best style, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

a Catone cum quaereretur, quid maxime in re familiari expediret, respondet Bene pascere? Quid secundum? Satis bene pascere,

Cic. Off. 2, 25, 89: so,

bene cenare,

Cat. 13, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56:

bene de rebus domesticis constitutum esse,

to be in good circumstances, Cic. Sest. 45, 97;

similarly: rem (i. e. familiarem) bene paratam comitate perdidit,

well arranged, Plaut. Rud. prol. 38.—

With respect to the mind.

Perception, knowledge, ability:

quas tam bene noverat quam paedagogos nostros novimus,

Sen. Ep. 27, 5:

quin melius novi quam te et vidi saepius,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 22:

novi optime (Bacchus) et saepe vidi,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:

qui optime suos nosse deberet,

Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1; id. S. 1, 9, 22: satin' haec meministi et tenes? Pa. Melius quam tu qui docuisti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 2:

quod eo mihi melius cernere videor quo ab eo proprius absum,

Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

ut hic melius quam ipse illa scire videatur,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Or. 38, 132:

cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram suam,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

gubernatoris ars quia bene navigandi rationem habet,

of able seamanship, id. ib. 1, 13, 42:

melius in Volscis imperatum est,

better generalship was displayed, Liv. 2, 63, 6:

nihil melius quam omnis mundus administratur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59: de medico bene existimari scribis, that he is well thought ( spoken) of, i. e. his ability, id. Fam. 16, 14, 1:

prudentibus et bene institutis,

well educated, id. Sen. 14, 50:

sapientibus et bene natura constitutis,

endowed with good natural talent, id. Sest. 65, 137:

quodsi melius geruntur ea quae consilio geruntur quam, etc.,

more ably, id. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

tabulas bene pictas collocare in bono lumine,

good paintings, id. Brut. 75, 261:

canere melius,

Verg. E. 9, 67; Quint. 10, 1, 91:

bene pronuntiare,

id. 11, 3, 12:

bene respondere interrogationibus,

id. 5, 7, 28; 6, 3, 81.—

Of feeling, judgment, and will:

similis in utroque nostrum, cum optime sentiremus, error fuit,

when we had the best intentions, Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; so id. ib. 6, 4, 2; so,

bene sentire,

id. ib. 6, 1, 3; so,

bene, optime de re publica sentire,

to hold sound views on public affairs, id. Off. 1, 41, 149; id. Fam. 4, 14, 1; id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:

bene animatas eas (insulas) confirmavit,

well disposed, Nep. Cim. 2, 4:

ei causae quam Pompeius animatus melius quam paratus susceperat,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 10; so, optime animati, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7:

quod bene cogitasti aliquando, laudo,

that you had good intentions, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

se vero bene sperare (i. e. de bello),

had good hopes, Liv. 6, 6, 18:

sperabis omnia optime,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:

tibi bene ex animo volo,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6; so freq.: bene alicui velle, v. volo: bene aliquid consulere, to plan something well:

vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo prospera omnia cedunt,

Sall. C. 52, 29:

omnia non bene consulta,

id. J. 92, 2. —

Of morality, honesty, honor, etc.

Bene vivere, or bene beateque vivere ( = kalôs kagathôs), to lead a moral and happy life:

qui virtutem habeat, eum nullius rei ad bene vivendum indigere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93:

in dialectica vestra nullam esse ad melius vivendum vim,

id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:

quod ni ita accideret et melius et prudentius viveretur,

id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. id. Ac. 1, 4, 15; id. Fin. 1, 13, 45; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fam. 4, 3, 3 et saep. (for another meaning of bene vivere, cf. e. infra).—

Bene mori, to die honorably, bravely, creditably, gloriously:

qui se bene mori quam turpiter vivere maluit,

Liv. 22, 50, 7:

ne ferrum quidem ad bene moriendum oblaturus est hostis,

id. 9, 3, 3; so id. 21, 42, 4:

tum potui, Medea, mori bene,

Ov. H. 12, 5.—

Bene partum, what is honestly, honorably earned or acquired:

multa bona bene parta habemus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 65:

mei patris bene parta indiligenter Tutatur,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 5:

res familiaris primum bene parta sit, nullo neque turpi quaestu, neque odioso,

Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:

diutine uti bene licet partum bene,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 15; Sall. C. 51, 42 (cf.:

mala parta,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 65:

male par tum,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 22).—

Apud bonos bene agier, an old legal formula: bona fide agi (v. bonus), to be transacted in good faith among good men. ubi erit illa formula fiduciae ut inter bonos bene agier oportet? Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 61; 3, 17, 70.—

Non bene = male, not faithfully:

esse metus coepit ne jura jugalia conjunx Non bene servasset,

Ov. M. 7, 716.—

Representing an action as right or correct, well, rightly, correctly: bene mones, Ibo, you are right ( to admonish me), Ter. And. 2, 2, 36:

sequi recusarunt bene monentem,

Liv. 22, 60, 17:

quom mihi et bene praecipitis, et, etc.,

since you give sound advice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 55; so Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6; 3, 3, 80; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 372, 7:

bene enim majores accubitionem epularem amicorum convivium nominarunt, melius quam Graeci,

Cic. Sen. 13, 45:

hoc bene censuit Scaevola,

correctly, Dig. 17, 1, 48.—

Pleasantly, satisfactorily, profitably, prosperously, fortunately, successfully:

nunc bene vivo et fortunate atque ut volo atque animo ut lubet,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 111:

nihil adferrent quo jucundius, id est melius, viveremus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 41, 72:

si bene qui cenat, bene vivit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56: quamobrem melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, is better or more profitably invested, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

perdenda sunt multa beneficia ut semel ponas bene, Sen. Ben. poet. 1, 2, 1: etiamsi nullum (beneficium) bene positurus sit,

id. ib. 1, 2, 2:

quando hoc bene successit,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 23: bene ambulatum'st? Di. Huc quidem, hercle, ad te bene, Quia tui vivendi copia'st, has your walk been pleasant? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 18:

melius ominare,

use words of better omen, id. Rud. 2, 3, 7; Cic. Brut. 96, 329:

qui se suamque aetatem bene curant,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 36.—So, bene (se) habere: ut bene me haberem filiai nuptiis, have a good time at, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 2:

qui se bene habet suisque amicis usui est,

who enjoys his life and is a boon companion, id. Mil. 3, 1, 128:

nam hanc bene se habere aetatem nimio'st aequius,

id. Merc. 3, 2, 6: bene consulere alicui, to take good care for somebody ' s interests:

tuae rei bene consulere cupio,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 9:

ut qui mihi consultum optume velit esse,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1:

me optime consulentem saluti suae,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 2:

qui se ad sapientes viros bene consulentes rei publicae contulerunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 46.—So, bene mereri, and rarely bene merere, to deserve well of one, i. e. act for his advantage; absol. or with de:

addecet Bene me, renti bene referre gratiam,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 36:

Licinii aps te bene merenti male refertur gratia?

id. Ps. 1, 3, 86:

ut memorem in bene meritos animum praestarem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

cogor nonnumquam homines non optime de me meritos rogatu eorum qui bene meriti sunt, defendere,

id. ib. 7, 1, 4:

tam bene meritis de nomine Punico militibus,

Liv. 23, 12, 5:

si bene quid de te merui,

Verg. A. 4, 317; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; id. Sest. 1, 2; 12, 39; 66, 139; 68, 142; id. Mil. 36, 99; id. Phil. 2, 14, 36 et saep.; v. mereo, D. and P. a.—So esp. referring to price: bene emere, to buy advantageously, i. e. cheaply; bene vendere, to sell advantageously, i. e. at a high price: bene ego hercle vendidi te, Plaut. [p. 230] Durc. 4, 2, 34:

et quoniam vendat, velle quam optime vendere,

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:

ita nec ut emat melius, nec ut vendat quidquam, simulabit vir bonus,

id. ib. 3, 15, 61: vin' bene emere? Do. Vin' tu pulcre vendere? Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 38:

melius emetur,

Cato, R. R. 1: quo melius emptum sciatis, Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 50 fin.:

qui vita bene credat emi honorem,

cheaply, Verg. A. 9, 206; Sil 4, 756.—

Expressing kindness, thanks, etc.: bene facis, bene vocas, bene narras, I thank you, am obliged to you for doing, calling, saying (colloq.): merito amo te. Ph. Bene facis, thanks! Ter Eun. 1, 2, 106; cf.:

in consuetudinem venit, bene facis et fecisti non mdicantis esse, sed gratias agentis, Don. ad loc.' placet, bene facitis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 43: dividuom talentum faciam. La. Bene facis, id. ib. 5, 3, 52: si quid erit dubium, immutabo Da. Bene fecisti, id. Ep. 5, 1, 40 Lo. Adeas, si velis. La. Bene hercle factum vobis habeo gratiam. Accedam propius, id. Rud. 3, 6, 2; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 10.—With gratiam habere: bene fecisti;

gratiam habeo maximam,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 61; cf.

bene benigneque arbitror te facere,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 130: quin etiam Graecis licebit utare cum voles... Bene sane facis, sed enitar ut Latine loquar, I thank you for the permission, but, etc., Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 25: an exitum Cassi Maelique expectem? Bene facitis quod abominamini... sed, etc., I am much obliged to you for abhorring this, but, etc., Liv. 6, 18, 9: bene edepol narras; nam illi faveo virgini, thanks for telling me, for, etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 7 (cf.:

male hercule narras,

I owe you little thanks for saying so, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10):

bene, ita me di ament, nuntias,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 20:

benenarras,

Cic. Att. 16, 14, 4; 13, 33, 2: tu ad matrem adi. Bene vocas; benigne dicis Cras apud te, thanks for your invitation, but, etc., Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 108: eamus intro ut prandeamus. Men. Bene vocas, tam gratia'st, id. Men. 2, 3, 41.—

Of accuracy, etc., well, accurately, truly, completely:

cum ceterae partes aetatis bene descriptae sint,

Cic. Sen. 2, 5:

cui bene librato... Obstitit ramus,

Ov. M. 8, 409:

at bene si quaeras,

id. ib. 3, 141:

tibi comprimam linguam. Hau potes: Bene pudiceque adservatur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196:

bene dissimulare amorem,

entirely, Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:

quis enim bene celat amorem?

Ov. H. 12, 37.—So with a negation, = male restat parvam quod non bene compleat urnam, Ov. M. 12, 615: non bene conveniunt... Majestas et amor, id. ib 2, 846.—Redundant, with vix (Ovid.):

vix bene Castalio descenderat antro, Incustoditam lente videt ire juvencam ( = vix descenderat cum, etc.),

Ov. M. 3, 14:

tactum vix bene limen erat, Aesonides, dixi, quid agit meus?

id. H. 6, 24:

vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,

id. F 5, 277.—

Sup., most opportunely, at the nick of time (comic):

sed eccum meum gnatum optume video,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 57:

sed optume eccum exit senex,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 44. optume adveniens, puere, cape Chlamydem, etc., id. Merc. 5, 2, 69: Davum optume Video, Ter And. 2, 1, 35; 4, 2, 3; Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 25; 4, 5, 19; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 9; 5, 5, 2.—

Pregn.: bene polliceri = large polliceri, to make liberal promises ' praecepit ut ceteros adeant, bene polliceantur, Sall. C. 41, 5; cf.: bene promittere, to promise success:

quae autem inconstantia deorum ut primis minentur extis, bene promittant secundis?

Cic. Div. 2, 17, 38.—

In partic.

Bene dicere.

To speak well, i. e. eloquently:

qui optime dicunt,

the most eloquent, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119; 2, 2, 5:

etiam bene dicere haud absurdum est,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

abunde dixit bene quisquis rei satisfecit,

Quint. 12, 9, 7;

cf: bene loqui,

to use good language, speak good Latin, Cic. Brut. 58, 212, 64, 228.—

To speak ably:

multo oratorem melius quam ipsos illos quorum eae sint artes esse dicturum,

Cic. Or. 1, 15, 65; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 4. bene dicendi scientia, Quint. 7, 3, 12.—

To speak correctly or elegantly:

eum et Attice dicere et optime, ut..bene dicere id sit, Attice dicere,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 13 ' optime dicta, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—So, bene loqui:

ut esset perfecta illa bene loquendi laus,

Cic. Brut. 72, 252:

at loquitur pulchre. Num melius quam Plato?

id. Opt. Gen. 5, 16.—

To speak well, i e. kindly, of one, to praise him; absol. or with dat., or reflex., with inter (less correctly as one word, benedicere): cui bene dixit umquam bono? Of what good man has he ever spoken well, or, what good man has he ever praised, Cic. Sest. 52, 110. bene, quaeso, inter vos dicatis, et amice absenti tamen, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 31.—Ironically:

bene equidem tibi dico qui te digna ut eveniant precor,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 26:

nec tibi cessaret doctus bene dicere lector,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 9: cui a viris bonis bene dicatur, Metell. Numid. ap. Gell. 6, 11, 3.— And dat understood:

si bene dicatis (i. e. mihi) vostra ripa vos sequar,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 18 ' omnes bene dicunt (ei), et amant (eum), Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 11:

ad bene dicendum (i e. alteri) delectandumque redacti,

Hor. Ep 2, 1, 155 —Part. ' indignis si male dicitur, male dictum id esse duco;

Verum si dignis dicitur, bene dictum'st,

is a praise, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27 sq.: nec bene nec male dicta profuerunt ad confirmandos animos, Liv 23, 46, 1; cf. Ter. Phorm. prol. 20 infra. —Bene audio = bene dicitur mihi, I am praised:

bene dictis si certasset, audisset bene,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 20; v. audio, 5.—

To use words of good omen (euphêmein): Ol. Quid si fors aliter quam voles evenerit? St. Bene dice, dis sum fretus ( = fave lingua, melius ominare), Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38 heja, bene dicito, id. As. 3, 3, 155.—

Bene dixisti, a formula of approbation: ne quan do iratus tu alio conferas. Th. Bene dixti, you are right, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 61. bene et sapienter dixti dudum, etc., it was a good and wise remark of yours that, etc., id. Ad. 5, 8, 30.—

Bene dicta, fine or specious, plausible words (opp. deeds):

bene dictis tuis bene facta aures meae expostulant,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 25; so,

bene loqui: male corde consultare, Bene lingua loqui,

use fine words, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 16.—

Bene facere.

Bene aliquid facere, to do, make, something well, i. e. ably (v. I. A. 2. a. supra):

vel non facere quod non op time possis, vel facere quod non pessime facias,

Cic. Or. 2, 20, 86:

non tamen haec quia possunt bene aliquando fieri passim facienda sunt,

Quint. 4, 1, 70:

Jovem Phidias optime fecit,

id. 2, 3, 6; so, melius facere, Afran. ap. Macr. 6, 1.— P. a.:

quid labor aut bene facta juvant?

his labor and well-done works are no pleasure to him, Verg. G. 3, 525. —

Bene facere, with dat. absol., with in and abl., or with erga, to do a good action, to benefit somebody, to impart benefits (less cor rectly as one word, benefacio)

With dat.:

bonus bonis bene feceris,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

bene si amico feceris, ne pigeat fecisse,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 66:

malo bene facere tantumdem est periculum quantum bono male facere,

id. Poen. 3, 3, 20:

homini id quod tu facis bene,

id. Ep 1, 2, 33:

tibi lubens bene faxim,

Ter. Ad. 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 8; 5, 8, 25:

at tibi di semper... faciant bene,

may the gods bless you, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 32:

di tibi Bene faciant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 20; so Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18.— Pass.:

quod bonis bene fit beneficium,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 108:

pulchrum est bene facere reipublicae,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

ego ne ingratis quidem bene facere absistam,

Liv. 36, 35, 4.—Reflexively. sibi bene facere, enjoy one ' s self, have a good time, genio indulgere (v. I. A. 2. e. supra): nec quisquam est tam ingenio duro quin, ubi quidquam occasionis sit sibi faciat bene, Plaut. As. grex 5.—

With in and abl.:

quoniam bene quae in me fecerunt, ingrata ea habui,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 30.—

With erga:

si quid amicum erga bene feci,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 4.—

With ellipsis of dat., to impart benefits:

ingrata atque irrita esse omnia intellego Quae dedi et quod bene feci,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 11:

quod bene fecisti, referetur gratia,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:

ego quod bene feci, male feci,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 34; id. Trin. 2, 2, 41:

si beneficia in rebus, non in ipsa benefaciendi voluntate consisterent,

Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 1:

benefaciendi animus,

id. ib. 2, 19, 1.—So esp. in formula of thanks, etc.' bene benigneque arbitror te facere, I thank you heartily, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 129: Jup. Jam nunc irata non es? Alc. Non sum. Jup. Bene facis, id. Am. 3, 2, 56; v Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 384.—P. a. as subst.: bĕnĕ facta, orum, n., benefits, benefactions (cf. beneficium): bene facta male locata male facta arbitror, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 2, 18, 62 (Trag. v 429 Vahl.): pol, bene facta tua me hortantur tuo ut imperio paream, Plaut Pers. 5, 2, 65: pro bene factis ejus uti ei pretium possim reddere. id. Capt. 5, 1, 20;

bene facta referre,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 182 tenere, id. ib. 2, 42.—So freq. in eccl. writ ers:

et si bene feceritis his qui vobis bene faciunt,

Vulg. Luc. 6, 33:

bene facite his qui oderunt vos,

id. Matt. 5, 44.—

Absol., to do good, perform meritorious acts (in fin. verb only eccl. Lat.)' discite bene facere, Vulg. Isa. 1, 17:

interrogo vos si licet sabbatis bene facere an male,

id. Luc. 6, 9:

qui bene facit, ex Deo est,

id. Joan. Ep. 3, 11.— In P a. (class.): bene facta (almost always in plur.), merits, meritorious acts, brave deeds:

bene facta recte facta sunt,

Cic. Par 3, 1, 22:

omnia bene facta in luce se collocari volunt,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 64; id. Sen. 3, 9:

bene facta mea reipublicae procedunt,

Sall. J 85, 5, cf. id. C. 8, 5; id. H. Fragm. 1, 19: veteribus bene factis nova pensantes maleficia, Liv 37, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 3, 7, 13, 12, 1, 41; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Ov. M. 15, 850, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 386.— Sing.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4.—

In medical language, to be of good effect, benefit, do good:

id bene faciet et alvum bonam faciet,

Cato, R. R. 157, 6.—So with ad: ad capitis dolorem bene facit serpyllum, Scrib Comp. 1; so id. ib. 5; 9; 13; 41.—

In the phrase bene facis, etc., as a formula of thanks, v I A. 2. f. supra.—

Expressing joy, I am glad of it, I am glad that etc. (comic.) Da. Tua quae fuit Palaestra, ea filia inventa'st mea. La. Bene meher cule factum'st, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 9: bis tanto valeo quam valui prius. Ly. Bene hercle factum et gaudeo, id. Merc. 2, 2, 27; Ter And. 5, 6, 11; id. Hec. 5, 4, 17; id. Eun. 5, 8, 7:

bene factum et volup est hodie me his mulierculis Tetulisse auxilium,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 1; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 11; so, bene factum gaudeo: nam hic noster pater est Ant. Ita me Juppiter bene amet, benefac tum gaudeo, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47; Ter Phorm. 5, 6, 43; cf.: Me. Rex Creo vigiles nocturnos singulos semper locat. So. Bene facit, quia nos eramus peregri, tutatu'st domum, I am glad of it, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19. bene fecit A. Silius qui transegerit: neque enim ei deesse volebam, et quid possem timebam, I am glad that A. Silius, etc., Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1.—

With esse.

Bene est, impers., it is well.

In the epistolary formula: si vales bene est; or, si vales bene est, (ego) valeo (abbrev. S.V.B.E.V.), Afran. ap Prisc. p 804 P; Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 1; 10, 34, 1; 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 7, 1; 5, 9, 1; 5, 10, 1; 10, 33, 1; 10, 14, 8; 10, 14, 11;

14, 14, 1, 14, 14, 16: si valetis gaudeo,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 41 —These formulas were obsolete at Seneca's time: mos antiquis fuit, usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales, bene est;

ego valeo,

Sen. Ep. 15, 1.—

= bene factum est (cf. I. 2. k. supra): oculis quoque etiam plus jam video quam prius: Ly. Bene est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 26: hic est intus filius apud nos tuus. De. Optume'st, id. ib. 5, 4, 49; Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 48, 5, 5, 3; id. Hec. 5, 4, 31.—

Bene est alicui, impers., it is ( goes) well with one, one does well, is well off, enjoys himself, is happy: nam si curent, bene bonis sit, male malis, quod nunc abest, Enn ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 79 (Trag. v. 355 Vahl.):

bona si esse veis, bene erit tibi,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 12:

quia illi, unde huc abvecta sum, malis bene esse solitum'st,

id. ib. 3, 1, 13:

qui neque tibi bene esse patere, et illis qui bus est invides,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 35 (so id. Trin. 2, 2, 71): num quippiam aluit me vis? De. Ut bene sit tibi, id Pers. 4, 8, 5; id. Poen. 4, 2, 90; Ter Phorm. 1, 2, 101: nemini nimium bene est, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.:

si non est, jurat bene solis esse maritis,

Hor. Ep 1, 1, 88:

nec tamen illis bene erit, quia non bono gaudent,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 11, 4: BENE SIT NOBIS, Inscr Orell. 4754; Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 95; 4, 2, 36; id. Curc. 4, 2, 31; id. Pers. 5, 2, 74; id. Stich. 5, 5, 12; id. Merc. 2, 2, 55; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 9.— Comp.: istas minas decem, qui me procurem dum melius sit mi, des. Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 40:

spero ex tuis litteris tibi melius esse,

that your health is better, Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 1; Ter And. 2, 5, 16.—With dat. understood: patria est ubi cumque est bene (i. e. cuique), where one does well, there is his country, Poet. ap. Cic Tusc 5, 37, 108 (Trag. Rel. inc. p. 248 Rib). [p. 231] —With abl., to be well off in, to feast upon a thing:

ubi illi bene sit ligno, aqua calida, cibo, vestimentis,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39:

at mihi bene erat, non piscibus, Sed pullo atque hoedo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 120.—

Bene sum = bene mihi est:

minore nusquam bene fui dispendio,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 20:

de eo (argento) nunc bene sunt tua virtute,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 28: dato qui bene sit;

ego ubi bene sit tibi locum lepidum dabo,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:

scis bene esse si sit unde,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 70.—

Bene habere.

With subj. nom.

To enjoy, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. I. A. 2. e. supra.—

To be favorable, to favor:

bene habent tibi principia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 82. —

With se, to be well, well off. imperator se bene habet, it is well with, Sen. Ep. 24, 9; cf.:

si te bene habes,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 122 Brix ad loc.—

Hoc bene habet, or bene habet, impers. ( = res se bene habet), it is well, matters stand well:

bene habet: jacta sunt fundamenta defensionis,

Cic. Mur. 6, 14:

bene habet: di pium movere bellum,

Liv. 8, 6, 4:

atque bene habet si a collega litatum est,

id. 8, 9, 1; Juv. 10, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 557.— So pers.: bene habemus nos, si in his spes est;

opinor, aliud agamus,

we are well off, Cic. Att. 2, 8, 1.—

Bene agere, with cum and abl.

To treat one well:

bene egissent Athenienses cum Miltiade si, etc.,

Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—

Impers.: bene agitur cum aliquo, it goes well with one, he is fortunate:

bene dicat secum esse actum,

that he has come off well, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 2:

non tam bene cum rebus humanis agitur ut meliora pluribus placeant,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 1.— With ellipsis of cum and abl.:

si hinc non abeo intestatus, bene agitur pro noxia (sc. mecum),

Plaut. Mil. 5, 23.—

Rem (negotium) bene gerere.

To administer well private or public affairs: multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 295 Vahl.):

non ut multis bene gestae, sed, ut nemini, conservatae rei publicae,

Cic. Pis. 3, 6; so,

qui ordo bene gestae rei publicae testimonium multis, mihi uni conservatae dedit,

id. Phil. 2, 1, 2:

rem publicam,

id. Pis. 19, 45:

Apollini republica vestra bene gesta servataque... donum mittitote,

Liv. 23, 11, 3.—

To be successful, meet with success, acquit one ' s self well; usu. of war;

also of private affairs: bello extincto, re bene gesta, vobis gratis habeo, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 2:

quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 41;

quasi re bene gesta,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

rem te valde bene gessisse rumor erat,

that you had met with great success, Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; id. Planc. 25, 61:

conclamant omnes occasionem negotii bene gerendi amittendam non esse,

Caes. B. G. 5, 57:

haec cogitanti accidere visa est facultas bene rei gerendae,

id. ib. 7, 44:

res bello bene gestae,

success in war, Liv. 23, 12, 11:

laeti bene gestis corpora rebus Procurate,

Verg. A. 9, 157; cf. Cic. Planc. 25, 61; Liv. 1, 37, 6; 4, 47, 1; 8, 30, 5; 22, 25, 4; 23, 36, 2.—

Bene vertere, in wishes.

With the rel. quod or quae res as subject, to turn out well; absol. or with dat.:

quae res tibi et gnatae tuae bene feliciterque vortat,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 58:

quod utrisque bene vertat,

Liv. 8, 5, 6:

quod bene verteret,

id. 3, 26, 9; cf. id. 3, 35, 8; 3, 62, 5; 7, 39, 10; v. verto; cf.:

quod bene eveniat,

Cato, R. R. 141.—

With di as subject:

di bene vortant,

may the gods let it turn out well, may the gods grant success, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 5; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 19; v. verte.—

Bene, colloquially in leave-taking: bene ambula, walk well, i. e. have a pleasant walk! Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 166: De. Bene ambulato! Ly. Bene vale! id. Merc 2, 2, 55:

bene valete et vivite!

id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:

cives bene valete!

id. Merc. 5, 2, 25; cf. id. Ep. 5, 1, 40; id. Merc. 2, 4, 28; 5, 4, 65; id. Curc. 4, 2, 30; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 115; id. Hec. 1, 2, 122:

salvere jubeo te, mi Saturides, bene,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 35: LAGGE, FILI, BENE QVIESCAS, Sepulch. Inscr. Orell. p. 4755.—

In invocations to the gods, often redundant (cf. bonus):

ita me Juppiter bene amet,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47:

di te bene ament, Hegio,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 29:

ita me di bene ament,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 43; id. Hec. 2, 1, 9; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:

Jane pater uti te... bonas preces bene precatus siem,

Cato, R. R. 134: bene sponsis, beneque volueris in precatione augurali Messala augur ait significare spoponderis, volueris, Fest. p. 351 Mull. (p. 267 Lind.).—

Elliptical expressions.

Bene, melius, optime, instead of bene, etc., dicit, dicis, or facit, facis, etc.:

bene Pericles (i.e. dixit),

Cic. Off. 1,40, 144:

bene (Philippus) ministrum et praebitorem,

id. ib. 2, 14, 53:

existimabatur bene, Latine (i. e. loqui),

id. Brut. 74, 259; so id. Sen. 14, 47:

at bene Areus,

Quint. 2, 15, 36; cf. id. 10, 1, 56:

nam ante Aristippus, et ille melius (i.e. hoc dixerat),

Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 26:

sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium (i.e. facies),

id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Fin. 1, 18, 61; 1, 19, 63; id. Off. 3, 11, 49; id. Sen. 20, 73; id. Opt. Gen. 6, 18; Quint. 10, 3, 25; 10, 2, 24; 6, 1, 3; 9, 4, 23.—

In applauding answers' bene and optime, good! bravo! excellent! euge, euge! Perbene! Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 75: huc respice. Da. Optume! id. ib. 3, 4, 3; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 114; 5, 4, 16.—

In drinking health, with acc. or dat., health to you, your health! bene vos! bene nos! bene te! bene me! bene nostram etiam Stephanium! Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 27; Tib 2, 1, 31: bene te, pater optime Caesar, etc.; Ov. F. 2, 637:

bene mihi, bene vobis, bene amicae meae!

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 21; Ov.A.A. 1, 601.—

Pregn., in ellipt. predicate: quod (imperium) si (ei) sui bene crediderint cives... credere et Latinos debere, if his own citizens did well to intrust the supreme power to him, etc., Liv. 1, 50, 5:

in Velia aedificent quibus melius quam P. Valerio creditur libertas,

to whom it will be safer to intrust liberty, id. 2, 7, 11:

melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrum viduae aut orbae vivemus,

it will be better for us to perish, id. 1, 13, 3:

bene Arruntium morte usum,

that it was right for Arruntius to die, Tac. A. 6, 48; Liv. 2, 30, 6; Quint. 9, 4, 92; Tac. A. 2, 44.—

Adv. of intensity, = valde, very, with adjj. and advv.

With adjj.: bene tempestate serena, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.): foedus feri bene firmum, id. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 3, 24, 50 (Ann. v. 33 ib.); cf.:

bene firmus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

bene robustus,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

bene morigerus fuit puer,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 13:

bene ergo ego hinc praedatus ibo,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 39:

bene lautum,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 39:

bene et naviter oportet esse impudentem,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

id utrum Romano more locutus sit, bene nummatum te futurum, an, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 16, 3:

bene sanos,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; 1, 21, 71; Hor. S. 1, 3, 61; 1, 9, 44:

bene longinquos dolores,

Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

sermonem bene longum,

id. Or. 2, 88, 361:

bene magna caterva,

id. Mur. 33, 69:

magna multitudo,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 4:

barbatus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

fidum pectus,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 15:

cautus,

Ov. H. 1, 44:

multa,

Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 15: multi, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam 10, 33, 4:

homo optime dives,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 2.—

With advv.: bene saepe libenter, Enn. Ann. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.); cf.:

bene libenter victitas,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 44:

bene mane haec scripsi,

Cic. Att. 4, 9, 2; 4, 10, 16:

bene penitus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:

bene longe,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 25:

bene gnaviter,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 1 (28), 5.—With adverb. phrase:

siad te bene ante lucem venisset,

Cic. Or. 2, 64, 259.

căchinnus, i, m. [id.], a loud laugh, immoderate laughter, a laugh in derision, a jeering.

Lit. (class in prose and poetry; also in plur.):

tum dulces esse cachinni consuerant,

Lucr. 5, 1396; so id. 5, 1402:

in quo Alcibiades cachinnum dicitur sustulisse,

to have set up a loud laugh, Cic. Fat. 5, 10; Suet. Aug. 98:

tollere,

Hor. A. P. 113:

cachinnos irridentium commovere,

Cic. Brut. 60, 216:

res digna tuo cachinno,

Cat. 56, 2; 31, 14; 13, 5:

securus,

Col. 10, 280:

perversus,

Ov. A. A. 3, 287:

major,

Juv. 3, 100; 11, 2:

rigidus,

id. 10, 31:

temulus,

Pers. 3, 87:

effusus in cachinnos,

Suet. Calig. 32:

cachinnum edere,

id. ib. 57:

cachinnos revocare,

id. Claud. 41.—

Poet., of the sea (cf. 1, cachinno, II.), a plashing, rippling, roaring:

leni resonant plangore cachinni,

Cat. 64, 273 (cf. Aesch. Prom. 90' pontiôn te kumatôn unêrithmon gelasma).

căno, cĕcĭni, cantum (ancient imp. cante = canite, Carm. Sal. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 37 Müll.; fut. perf. canerit = cecinerit, Lib. Augur. ap. Fest. s. v. rumentum, p. 270 ib.; perf. canui = cecini, acc. to Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 384, predominant in concino, occino, etc.—Examples of sup. cantum and part. cantus, canturus, a, um, appear not to be in use; the trace of an earlier use is found in Paul. ex Fest. p. 46 Müll.: canta pro cantata ponebant;

once canituri,

Vulg. Apoc. 8, 13), 3, v. n. and a. [cf. kanassô, kanachê, konabos; Germ. Hahn; Engl. chanticleer; kuknos, ciconice; Sanscr. kōkas = duck; Engl. cock], orig. v. n., to produce melodious sounds, whether of men or animals; later, with a designation of the subject-matter of the melody, as v. a., to make something the subject of one ' s singing or playing, to sing of, to celebrate, or make known in song, etc.

Neutr., to utter melodious notes, to sing, sound, play.

Of men:

si absurde canat,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12; Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 9:

celebrare dapes canendo,

Ov. M. 5, 113:

si velim canere vel voce vel fidibus,

Cic. Div. 2, 59, 122; Quint. 5, 11, 124; 1, 8, 2; Gell. 19, 9, 3:

quemadmodum tibicen sine tibiis canere non possit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 83, 338; cf.:

tibia canentum,

Lucr. 4, 587; 5, 1384; Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; Quint. 1, 10, 14:

curvo calamo,

Cat. 63, 22:

harundine,

Ov. M. 1, 683; Suet. Caes. 32:

cithara,

Tac. A. 14, 14:

lituus quo canitur,

Cic. Div. 1, 17, 30; Verg. E. 2, 31:

movit Amphion lapides canendo,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 2; Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 417 al.; Cic. Brut. 50, 187.—

Of the faulty delivery of an orator, to speak in a sing-song tone:

inclinată ululantique voce more Asiatico canere,

Cic. Or. 8, 27; cf. canto and canticum.—

Of animals (usu. of birds, but also of frogs), Varr. L. L. 5, § 76 Müll.:

volucres nullă dulcius arte canant,

Prop. 1, 2, 14; Cic. Div. 1, 7, 12:

merula canit aestate, hieme balbutit,

Plin. 10, 29, 42, § 80; 10, 32, 47, § 89:

ranae alio translatae canunt,

id. 8, 58, 83, § 227.—Of the raven, Cic. Div. 1, 7, 12.—Esp., of the crowing of a cock:

galli victi silere solent, canere victores,

to crow, Cic. Div. 2, 26, 56; v. the whole section; id. ib. 2, 26, 56, § 57; Col. 8, 2, 11; Plin. 10, 21, 24, § 49 (cf. also cantus):

gallina cecinit, interdixit hariolus (the crowing of a hen being considered as an auspicium malum),

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 27.—

In the lang. of the Pythagoreans, of the heavenly bodies (considered as living beings),

the music of the spheres, Cic. N. D. 3, 11, 27.—

Transf., of the instruments by which, or ( poet.) of the places in which, the sounds are produced, to sound, resound:

canentes tibiae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 8, 22:

maestae cecinere tubae,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 9:

frondiferasque novis avibus canere undique silvas,

and the leafy forest everywhere resounds with young birds, Lucr. 1, 256; Auct. Aetn. 295.

Act., to make something or some person the subject of one ' s singing or playing.

With carmen, cantilenam, versus, verba, etc., to sing, play, rehearse, recite:

cum Simonides cecinisset, id carmen, quod in Scopam scripsisset,

Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 352:

carmina quae in epulis canuntur,

id. Brut. 18, 71:

in eum (Cossum) milites carmina incondita aequantes eum Romulo canere,

Liv. 4, 20, 2:

Ascraeum cano carmen,

Verg. G. 2, 176; Suet. Caes. 49; Curt. 5, 1, 22: canere versus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 36 Müll. (Ann. v. 222 Vahl.); Cic. Or. 51, 171; id. Brut. 18, 71:

neniam,

Suet. Aug. 100: idyllia erôtika, Gell. 19, 9, 4, § 10:

verba ad certos modos,

Ov. F. 3, 388:

Phrygium,

Quint. 1, 10, 33 Spald.—The homog. noun is rarely made the subject of the act. voice:

cum in ejus conviviis symphonia caneret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 105.—

Prov.

Carmen intus canere, to sing for one ' s self, i. e. to consult only one ' s own advantage, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 53; id. Agr. 2, 26, 68; v. Aspendius.—

Cantilenam eandem canis, like the Gr. to auto adeis asma, ever the old tune, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 10; v. cantilena.—

With definite objects.

In gen., to sing, to cause to resound, to celebrate in song, to sing of, Lucr. 5, 328:

laudes mortui,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 70 Müll.:

canere ad tibiam clarorum virorum laudes atque virtutes,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 2, 3; Quint. 1, 10, 10; 1, 10, 31; Liv. 45, 38, 12:

puellis carmine modulato laudes virtutum ejus canentibus,

Suet. Calig. 16 fin.:

dei laudes,

Lact. 6, 21, 9:

deorum laudes,

Val. Max. 1, 8, ext. 8.—So with de:

canere ad tibicinem de clarorum hominum virtutibus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 3 (cf. cantito):

praecepta,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 11:

jam canit effectos extremus vinitor antes,

Verg. G. 2, 417 Wagn. N. cr.:

nil dignum sermone,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 4:

quin etiam canet indoctum,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 9:

grandia elate, jucunda dulciter, moderata leniter canit,

Quint. 1, 10, 24; Cat. 63, 11:

Io! magna voce, Triumphe, canet,

Tib. 2, 5, 118; Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 52; cf. Hor. C. 4, 2, 47:

haec super arvorum cultu pecorumque canebam,

Verg. G. 4, 559 Wagn.: et veterem in limo ranae cecinere querelam, croaked (according to the ancient pronunciation, kekinere kuerelam, an imitation of the Aristophanic Brekekekex; v. the letter C), id. ib. 1, 378; Lucr. 2, 601:

anser Gallos adesse canebat,

Verg. A. 8, 656:

motibus astrorum nunc quae sit causa, canamus,

Lucr. 5, 510:

sunt tempestates et fulmina clara canenda,

id. 6, 84.—

With pers. objects ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

canitur adhuc barbaras apud gentes (Arminius),

Tac. A. 2, 88:

Herculem... ituri in proelia canunt,

id. G. 2:

Dianam,

Cat. 34, 3:

deos regesve,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 13:

Liberum et Musas Veneremque,

id. ib. 1, 32, 10:

rite Latonae puerum,

id. ib. 4, 6, 37;

1, 10, 5: plectro graviore Gigantas, Ov M. 10, 150: reges et proelia,

Verg. E. 6, 3; Hor. C. 4, 15, 32:

arma virumque,

Verg. A. 1, 1:

pugnasque virosque,

Stat. Th. 8, 553:

maxima bella et clarissimos duces,

Quint. 10, 1, 62.—Very rarely, to celebrate, without reference to song or poetry:

Epicurus in quădam epistulă amicitiam tuam et Metrodori grata commemoratione cecinerat,

Sen. Ep. 79, 13.—Esp. of fame, to trumpet abroad:

fama facta atque infecta canit,

Verg. A. 4, 190:

fama digna atque indigna canit,

Val. Fl. 217 al. —And prov., to sing or preach to the deaf:

non canimus surdis,

Verg. E. 10, 8: praeceptorum, quae vereor ne vana surdis auribus cecinerim. Liv. 40, 8, 10.—

Since the responses of oracles were given in verse, to prophesy, foretell, predict.

In poetry:

Sibylla, Abdita quae senis fata canit pedibus,

Tib. 2, 5, 16; cf.:

horrendas ambages,

Verg. A. 6. 99; 3, [p. 280] 444:

fera fata,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 4; cf. id. Epod. 13, 11; id. S. 2, 5, 58; Tib. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. 3, 3, 36; 1, 6, 50; Hor. C. S. 25:

et mihi jam multi crudele canebant Artificis scelus,

Verg. A. 2, 124; Hor. S. 1, 9, 30.—

In prose:

ut haec quae nunc fiunt, canere di inmortales viderentur,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 18:

non haec a me tum tamquam fata... canebantur?

id. Sest. 21, 47:

eum, qui ex Thetide natus esset, majorem patre suo futurum cecinisse dicuntur oracula,

Quint. 3, 7, 11; Just. 11, 7, 4; 7, 6, 1; Tac. A. 2, 54; id. H. 4, 54:

cecinere vates, idque carmen pervenerat ad antistitem fani Dianae,

Liv. 1, 45, 5; 5, 15, 4 sq.; 1, 7, 10; Tac. A. 14, 32; Liv. 30, 28, 2; cf. Nep. Att. 16, 4; cf.

of philosophers, etc.: ipsa memor praecepta Canam,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 11 Orell. ad loc.; cf.:

quaeque diu latuere, canam,

Ov. M. 15, 147.

In milit. lang., t. t., both act. and neutr., of signals, to blow, to sound, to give; or to be sounded, resound.

Act.:

bellicum (lit. and trop.) canere, v. bellicus: classicum, v. classicus: signa canere jubet,

to give the signal for battle, Sall. C. 59, 1; id. J. 99, 1:

Pompeius classicum apud eum (sc. Scipionem) cani jubet,

Caes. B. C. 3, 82.— Absol. without signum, etc.: tubicen canere coepit, Auct. B. Afr. 82; cf. Flor. 4, 2, 66.—

Neutr.:

priusquam signa canerent,

Liv. 1, 1, 7:

ut attendant, semel bisne signum canat in castris,

id. 27, 47, 3 and 5; 23, 16, 12;

24, 46 (twice): repente a tergo signa canere,

Sall. J. 94, 5; Liv. 7, 40, 10; Verg. A. 10, 310; Flor. 3, 18, 10:

classicum apud eos cecinit,

Liv. 28, 27, 15.—

Receptui canere, to sound a retreat:

Hasdrubal receptui propere cecinit (i. e. cani jussit),

Liv. 27, 47, 2; Tac. H. 2, 26.— Poet.:

cecinit jussos receptus,

Ov. M. 1, 340.—And in Livy impers.:

nisi receptui cecinisset,

if it had not sounded a counter-march, Liv. 26, 44, 4:

ut referrent pedem, si receptui cecinisset,

id. 3, 22, 6.—

Trop.:

revocante et receptui canente senatu,

Cic. Phil. 12, 3, 8:

ratio abstrahit ab acerbis cogitationibus a quibus cum cecinit receptui,

id. Tusc. 3, 15, 33:

antequam (orator) in has aetatis (sc. senectutis) veniat insidias, receptui canet,

Quint. 12, 11, 4.

to practice magic, to charm, etc., found in the derivv. cantus, canto, etc., are entirely wanting in this verb.

cē̆drus, i, f., = kedros, the cedar, juniper-tree:

Juniperus oxycedrus, Linn., which has a very fragrant wood, and furnishes an oil that protects from decay,

Plin. 13, 5, 11, § 52; 16, 40, 76, § 203; Col. 9, 4, 3; Vitr. 2, 9, 13.—Of cedar-wood, Verg. G. 3, 414; id. A. 7, 13; 7, 178; Curt. 5, 7, 5; 8, 10, 8; Suet. Calig. 37.—Hence,

Meton., cedar-oil (with which the backs of books were usually anointed to preserve them from moths and decay):

liber flavus cedro,

Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 13:

perunctus cedro,

Mart. 3, 2, 7; cf. Becker, Gall. 2, p. 219.— Hence, poet.:

carmina linenda cedro,

i. e. worthy of immortality, Hor. A. P. 332:

cedro digna locutus,

Pers. 1, 42.

cognĭtĭo, ōnis, f. [cognosco].

In gen., a becoming acquainted with, learning to know, acquiring knowledge, knowledge as a consequence of perception or of the exercise of our mental powers, knowing, acquaintance, cognition (in good prose; esp. freq. in Cic. and Quint.).

Abstr.:

cognitio contemplatioque naturae,

Cic. Off. 1, 43, 153:

rerum occultarum,

id. ib. 1, 4, 13:

rerum,

id. Fin. 3, 5, 17:

animi,

id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71:

deorum,

id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

urbis,

id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 40:

in studiis sententiae cognitionisque versabitur,

id. Off. 1, 6, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 44, 158; id. Fin. 5, 12, 34:

illi, quorum studia vitaque omnis in rerum cognitione versata est,

id. Off. 1, 44, 155; cf. id. ib. §

157: quorum ego copiam magnitudinem cognitionis atque artis non contemno,

culture, id. de Or. 1, 51, 219; Quint. 1, 10, 10; 12, 11, 17 al.:

omnia, quae cognitione digna sunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 43, 153; 2, 2, 5:

cognitione atque hospitio dignus,

id. Arch. 3, 5; id. Fin. 3, 11, 37; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 90:

cognitio et aestimatio rerum,

id. 2, 18, 1; 4, 2, 40.—

Concr.

( = notio, katalêpsis.) A conception, notion, idea:

intellegi necesse est esse deos, quoniam insitas eorum vel potius innatas cognitiones habemus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 17, 44; 1, 14, 36; id. Fin. 2, 5, 16 Madv.; 3, 5, 17.—

Knowledge, a branch of learning (late Lat.):

studiosus cognitionum omnium princeps,

Amm. 21, 1, 7: 25, 4, 7.—

Specif., a legal t. t., a judicial examination, inquiry, cognizance, trial (very freq.):

ne quod judicium, neve ipsius cognitio illo absente de existimatione ejus constitueretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 60:

lex earum rerum consulibus cognitionem dedit,

id. Att. 16, 16, C, 11; cf. id. ib. §

12: captorum agrorum,

id. Agr. 2, 22, 60; so,

principum et senatūs,

Quint. 3, 10, 1; 7, 2, 20:

patrum,

Tac. A. 1, 75:

magistratuum,

Suet. Claud. 12:

praetoria,

Quint. 3, 6, 70:

rerum capitalium,

Liv. 1, 49, 4:

falsi testamenti,

Suet. Claud. 9:

caedis,

id. Rhet. 6:

vacantium militiae munere,

Liv. 4, 26, 12:

de Christianis,

Plin. Ep. 10, 97:

de famosis libellis,

Tac. A. 1, 72:

de ejusmodi criminibus ac reis,

Suet. Tib. 28:

de Votieno Montano,

Tac. A. 4, 42:

inter patrem et filium,

Liv. 1, 50, 9:

dies cognitionis,

the day of trial, Cic. Brut. 32, 87.—

In Terence twice for agnitio, recognition, discovery (cf. cognosco), Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 33; id. Eun. 5, 3, 12.

confĕro, contŭli, collātum (conl-), conferre, v. a.

To bring, bear, or carry together, to collect, gather (freq. and class.).

In gen.:

ligna circa casam,

Nep. Alcib. 10, 4:

arma,

Vell. 2, 114, 4:

cibos ore suo (aves),

Quint. 2, 6, 7:

undique collatis membris,

Hor. A. P. 3 al.:

sarcinas in unum locum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; cf. id. ib. 2, 25:

collatis militaribus signis,

id. ib. 7, 2:

ut premerer sacrā Lauroque collatāque myrto,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 19:

quo (sc. in proximum horreum) omne rusticum instrumentum,

Col. 1, 6, 7:

illuc (sc. in castella) parentes et conjuges,

Tac. A. 4, 46 fin.:

dentes in corpore (canes),

Ov. M. 3, 236:

materiam omnem, antequam dicere ordiamur,

Quint. 3, 9, 8:

summas (scriptorum) in commentarium et capita,

id. 10, 7, 32:

plura opera in unam tabulam,

id. 8, 5, 26:

quae in proximos quinque libros conlata sunt,

id. 8, prooem. 1: res Romanas Graeco peregrinoque sermone in historiam, Just. pr. 1; cf. Suet. Caes. 44; cf. I. B. 5. infra.; Quint. 4, 1, 23:

rogus inimicis collatus manibus,

Petr. 115 fin. —

In partic.

To collect money, treasures, etc., for any object, to bring offerings, contribute:

dona mihi,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 20:

contulit aes populus,

Ov. F. 4, 351;

so freq. on monuments: AERE CONLATO,

Inscr. Orell. 3648; 74; Suet. Aug. 59:

EX AERE CONLATO,

Inscr. Orell. 3991:

aurum argentumque in publicum,

Liv. 28, 36, 3:

munera ei,

Nep. Ages. 7, 3:

tributa quotannis ex censu,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131:

conferre eo minus tributi,

Liv. 5, 20, 5:

in commune,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 145; id. Quint. 3, 12:

quadringena talenta quotannis Delum,

Nep. Arist. 3, 1:

(pecunia) ad ejus honores conlata,

Cic. Fl. 25, 59:

ad honorem tuum pecunias maximas contulisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 65, § 157:

sextantes in capita,

Liv. 2, 33, 11:

pecunias,

Suet. Caes. 19; id. Aug. 57; 30; Just. 3, 6:

vinum alius, alius mel,

Dig. 41, 1, 7; 47, 7, 3 pr.:

sua bona in medium,

ib. 37, 6, 1 pr.:

magnam partem patrimonii alicui rei,

ib. 50, 4, 5:

cum et Socrati collatum sit ad victum,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.— Absol.:

nos dabimus, nos conferemus, nostro sumptu, non tuo,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 39.—Hence,