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scale+structure

  • 41 Gebührenrahmen

    Gebührenrahmen
    scale of fees, fee structure;
    • Gebührenrechnung note of fees, fee note (sheet) (Br.), bill of charges (US), (Anwalt) bill of costs;
    • Gebührenrechnung überprüfen und anerkennen to tax the costs (Br.);
    • Gebührenrückerstattung reimbursement of charges, return of duties;
    • Gebührensatz tariff [rate], billing rate;
    • amtliche Gebührensätze official scales of fees;
    • höchste Gebührensätze costs on the highest scale;
    • Gebührensenkung cut in rates;
    • Gebührenstaffel tariff (fee, duty) scale;
    • verbindliche Gebührenstaffel compulsory fee scale;
    • Gebührenstempel tax (revenue) stamp;
    • festes Gebührensystem (Agenturgeschäft) fee system;
    • Gebührentabelle scale of charges, schedule (table) of fees;
    • Gebührentarif tariff [of fees], (telecom.) phone rate;
    • Gebührenteilung (Spediteur) division of rates;
    • Gebührenüberhöhung (Verwaltung) overcharging;
    • Gebührenübernahme absorption of charges;
    • Gebührenvereinbarung (Anwalt) fee arrangement;
    • Gebührenvereinheitlichung (Post) postalization;
    • Gebührenverzeichnis tariff, table of charges, (Gericht) cost book, (telecom.) charge book;
    • Gebührenvorschuss fees paid in advance, advance offered, (Anwalt) retainer, retaining fee;
    • Gebührenzahler fee payer;
    • Gebührenzeit (telecom.) charging period;
    • Gebührenzone tariff area, (telecom.) area [location];
    • Gebührenzuschlag additional charge, excess fee (charge), surcharge.

    Business german-english dictionary > Gebührenrahmen

  • 42 структура

    1) General subject: breakdown, composition, conformation, economy, fabric, frame, framework, framing, grain, grain (дерева, камня), machinery (драмы, поэмы), ordonnance, scheme, state, structure, texture, outfit (http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/hyderabad/jiam-shadow-outfit-im-ib-359), pattern, entity, (в силу договорённости) arrangement, (долга) profile
    3) Military: mechanism
    4) Engineering: architecture, architecture (конфигурация), construction, morphology, structural arrangement
    5) Agriculture: consistence
    7) Railway term: make up (вещества)
    8) Economy: hierarchy, makeup, profile
    9) Diplomatic term: (экономическая) formation
    11) German: Gestalt
    12) Psychology: anatomy
    13) Electronics: geometry
    16) Silicates: arrangement, network
    17) Patents: format
    18) Business: mix, setup
    19) Education: design
    20) Microelectronics: array, composite
    21) Polymers: skeleton
    22) Programming: (инфра) framework
    23) Quality control: structure (напр. уравнения)
    24) Robots: architecture (напр. ЭВМ), array (правильная), construct
    25) Marine science: setup (ам)
    26) General subject: grain (металла, дерева и т.д.), grain pattern (металла)
    27) Aviation medicine: texture (ткани, поверхности)
    28) Makarov: arrangement (напр. кристалла), consistency, contexture, fluorspar structure, marker, mix (напр. продукции), mixture, morphology (какого-либо объекта), ordonnance (особ. литературного материала, отдельных частей и деталей в произведении искусства), set, structure (organization at atomic scale) (организация на атомном уровне), system
    29) Security: layout
    30) SAP.tech. structure object
    31) SAP.fin. grouping
    32) General subject: pattern (букв. узор)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > структура

  • 43 Gebäude

    Gebäude n GEN, GRUND building
    * * *
    n <Geschäft, Grund> building
    * * *
    Gebäude
    building, house, construction, structure, edifice, architecture, fabric, (Geschäftshaus) premises;
    • abgerissenes Gebäude wrecked building;
    • abschreibungsfähiges Gebäude qualifying building;
    • nicht abschreibungsfähiges Gebäude non-qualifying structure;
    • bankeigenes Gebäude bank’s premises;
    • baufälliges Gebäude dilapidated building;
    • hoch besteuertes Gebäude heavily rated building;
    • bewohntes Gebäude occupied building;
    • gut erhaltenes Gebäude building in good repair (preservation);
    • feuergefährdetes Gebäude fire trap;
    • gewerblich genutztes Gebäude industrial (commercial) building, building in use for the purpose of trade;
    • nicht für die Produktion genutztes Gebäude non-productive building;
    • standardisiertes gewerbliches Gebäude advance factory (Br.);
    • landwirtschaftliches Gebäude farm building;
    • öffentliches Gebäude public building;
    • städtisches Gebäude municipal building;
    • leer stehendes Gebäude building standing empty;
    • vermietetes Gebäude let property;
    • Gebäude nach Abschreibungen (Bilanz) buildings less depreciation;
    • Gebäude abreißen to take (pull) down a building;
    • Gebäude abschätzen to assess a building;
    • Gebäude aufstocken to raise a building;
    • Gebäude im Submissionsweg ausschreiben to invite tenders for a building;
    • Gebäude zu hoch (übermäßig) bewerten to set too high a valuation on a building;
    • Gebäude niedriger bewerten to reduce the assessment of a building;
    • Gebäude in gutem Zustand erhalten to keep a building in good repair;
    • Gebäude errichten to set up a building;
    • Gebäude rasch errichten (hochziehen) to run up a building;
    • Gebäude zu bewachen haben to have the care of a building;
    • Gebäude für Versicherungszwecke schätzen lassen to rate a building for insurance purposes;
    • Gebäude niederreißen to destroy a building;
    • Gebäude seiner Bestimmung übergeben to inaugurate a building;
    • Gebäude unterhalten to keep a building in good repair;
    • Gebäude untersuchen to examine a building;
    • gewerblich Gebäude vermieten to carry on a trade of plant hire;
    • Gebäude wiederherstellen to restore a ruined building;
    • Gebäude maßstabsgerecht zeichnen to scale a building;
    • das Gebäude ist versichert building is covered;
    • Gebäudeabnahme final architect’s certificate;
    • Gebäudeabnutzung depreciation of buildings;
    • Gebäudeabnutzungsfonds premises redemption fund;
    • Gebäudeabschätzer building (quantity, Br.) surveyor;
    • Gebäudeabschätzung assessment of a building, quantity surveying (Br.);
    • Gebäudeabschreibung depreciation of buildings;
    • Gebäudeaufführung building construction;
    • Gebäude aufwand, Gebäudeausgaben building outlay;
    • Gebäudebewertung building survey (Br.);
    • zu hohe (niedrige) Gebäudebewertung vornehmen to set too high (low) a valuation on a building;
    • Gebäudeeigentümer owner of a building;
    • Gebäudeeinsturz collapse of a building;
    • Gebäudeerhaltung maintenance of structure;
    • Gebäudeerhaltungsauflage preservation order;
    • Gebäudeerneuerung renewal of a building;
    • Gebäude errichtung, Gebäudeerstellung housebuilding, construction of a building;
    • Gebäudeertragswert annual value of a building;
    • Gebäudefläche [building] floor area;
    • Gebäudehaftung houseowner's liability;
    • Gebäudehauptbuch building ledger;
    • Gebäudeherstellungskosten cost of construction;
    • Gebäudeinstandhaltung maintenance of a building;
    • Gebäudeinstandsetzung repairs to (restoration of) a building;
    • Gebäudekomplex mass (group) of buildings, pile;
    • Gebäudekonto building account;
    • Gebäudemiete rent of a structure;
    • Gebäudenutzfläche useful area of a building;
    • Gebäudereparaturen building repairs, repairs of structure;
    • Gebäudereparaturrücklage provision for building repairs;
    • Gebäudesanierung restoration project;
    • auf Nässe zurückzuführende Gebäudeschäden injuries to a building due to the wet;
    • Gebäudeschätzung building survey (Br.);
    • allgemein zugängliche Gebäudeteile common parts of a building;
    • Gebäudeunterhaltung building (property) maintenance;
    • wertsteigernde Gebäudeverbesserung beneficial improvement;
    • Gebäudeversicherung insurance of structure, (Wohngebäude) residence insurance;
    • Gebäude- und Mobiliarversicherung insurance of structure and contents;
    • Gebäudewert property value;
    • Gebäudewerterhöhung improvement of buildings (US);
    • Gebäudezugang building approach.

    Business german-english dictionary > Gebäude

  • 44 adaptar

    v.
    1 to adapt.
    un modelo adaptado a condiciones desérticas a model adapted to suit desert conditions
    María adaptó el programa a su casa Mary adapted the program to her house.
    Ricardo adaptó el computador Richard adapted=ported his computer.
    2 to adapt (libro, obra de teatro).
    * * *
    1 (acomodar) to adapt
    2 (ajustar) to adjust, fit
    1 (persona) to adapt oneself (a, to); (cosa) to fit, adjust
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=acomodar) to adapt; (=encajar) to fit, make suitable ( para for)
    (=ajustar) to adjust
    2) (Inform) to convert ( para to)
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo <cortinas/vestido> to alter; < habitación> to convert; <pieza/motor> to adapt; (Inf) to convert

    adaptó la obra al or para el cine — he adapted the play for the screen

    2.
    adaptarse v pron to adapt

    adaptarse a algo/+ inf — to adapt to something/-ing

    * * *
    = adapt, customise [customize, -USA], gear (to/toward(s)/for), make + amenable, pitch, bend, fit together, tune, arrange, retrofit, scale, tweak, muck around/about, key + Nombre + to.
    Ex. Order forms A and B can be adapted for local use.
    Ex. The system has to be customised to suit any specific application so that it suits the demands of the microcomputer with which it is being used.
    Ex. Most of the main subject headings lists are geared to the alphabetical subject approach found in dictionary catalogues.
    Ex. This flexibility represents an attempt to make the code amenable to use in a variety of different library environments.
    Ex. Thus pitching instructions at the right level can be difficult.
    Ex. Each cluster or niche of interests in the end user field will have specific individual needs and innovations will bend information technology to meet them.
    Ex. The narrative may be unfamiliar in its structure so that they are unsure about the way different elements of the story fit together.
    Ex. Just as delivery must be tuned to suit the kind of material chosen, so must the language used to tell a story.
    Ex. A vocal score is a score showing all vocal parts, with accompaniment, if any, arranged for keyboard instrument.
    Ex. This model is attractive both for 'retrofitting' existing software as well as providing flexibility to new systems.
    Ex. To produce a statewide estimate, this framework would need to be scaled to accommodate all public libraries in a particular state.
    Ex. This book offers strategies for high school teachers that provide tools for creating, repairing, and tweaking all the discernible components of teaching.
    Ex. I have looked at the book and mucked around with the database and using switches but can't see a solution.
    Ex. The case study found that children do have the ability to use a classification scheme that is keyed to their developmental level.
    ----
    * adaptar a la música = set to + music.
    * adaptar a las necesidades de = tailor to + the needs of, gear to + the needs of.
    * adaptar a las preferencias de Uno = suit + Posesivo + own preferences.
    * adaptar al cine = adapt to + the screen.
    * adaptar a una aplicación concreta = harness.
    * adaptar a una exigencia = tailor to + requirement.
    * adaptar a una necesidad = time to + need, suit + requirement.
    * adaptar para la pantalla = adapt to + the screen.
    * adaptarse = come to + terms with, morph.
    * adaptarse a = accommodate, comport with, attune to.
    * adaptarse a las circunstancias = suit + circumstances.
    * adaptarse al cambio = accommodate to + change, adapt to + change.
    * adaptarse al entorno = adjust to + environment.
    * adaptarse a los cambios = flow with + the tides.
    * adaptarse a los tiempos = change with + the times, move with + the times, keep up with + the times, adapt to + the times.
    * adaptarse a una aplicación = suit + application.
    * adaptarse a una función = step up to + role.
    * adaptarse a una innovación = meet + development.
    * adaptarse a una necesidad = suit + need.
    * adaptarse a un formato = meet + format.
    * adaptarse a un interés = accommodate + interest.
    * capaz de adaptarse y superar adversidades = resilient.
    * modificar y adaptar = repackage [re-package], repack.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo <cortinas/vestido> to alter; < habitación> to convert; <pieza/motor> to adapt; (Inf) to convert

    adaptó la obra al or para el cine — he adapted the play for the screen

    2.
    adaptarse v pron to adapt

    adaptarse a algo/+ inf — to adapt to something/-ing

    * * *
    = adapt, customise [customize, -USA], gear (to/toward(s)/for), make + amenable, pitch, bend, fit together, tune, arrange, retrofit, scale, tweak, muck around/about, key + Nombre + to.

    Ex: Order forms A and B can be adapted for local use.

    Ex: The system has to be customised to suit any specific application so that it suits the demands of the microcomputer with which it is being used.
    Ex: Most of the main subject headings lists are geared to the alphabetical subject approach found in dictionary catalogues.
    Ex: This flexibility represents an attempt to make the code amenable to use in a variety of different library environments.
    Ex: Thus pitching instructions at the right level can be difficult.
    Ex: Each cluster or niche of interests in the end user field will have specific individual needs and innovations will bend information technology to meet them.
    Ex: The narrative may be unfamiliar in its structure so that they are unsure about the way different elements of the story fit together.
    Ex: Just as delivery must be tuned to suit the kind of material chosen, so must the language used to tell a story.
    Ex: A vocal score is a score showing all vocal parts, with accompaniment, if any, arranged for keyboard instrument.
    Ex: This model is attractive both for 'retrofitting' existing software as well as providing flexibility to new systems.
    Ex: To produce a statewide estimate, this framework would need to be scaled to accommodate all public libraries in a particular state.
    Ex: This book offers strategies for high school teachers that provide tools for creating, repairing, and tweaking all the discernible components of teaching.
    Ex: I have looked at the book and mucked around with the database and using switches but can't see a solution.
    Ex: The case study found that children do have the ability to use a classification scheme that is keyed to their developmental level.
    * adaptar a la música = set to + music.
    * adaptar a las necesidades de = tailor to + the needs of, gear to + the needs of.
    * adaptar a las preferencias de Uno = suit + Posesivo + own preferences.
    * adaptar al cine = adapt to + the screen.
    * adaptar a una aplicación concreta = harness.
    * adaptar a una exigencia = tailor to + requirement.
    * adaptar a una necesidad = time to + need, suit + requirement.
    * adaptar para la pantalla = adapt to + the screen.
    * adaptarse = come to + terms with, morph.
    * adaptarse a = accommodate, comport with, attune to.
    * adaptarse a las circunstancias = suit + circumstances.
    * adaptarse al cambio = accommodate to + change, adapt to + change.
    * adaptarse al entorno = adjust to + environment.
    * adaptarse a los cambios = flow with + the tides.
    * adaptarse a los tiempos = change with + the times, move with + the times, keep up with + the times, adapt to + the times.
    * adaptarse a una aplicación = suit + application.
    * adaptarse a una función = step up to + role.
    * adaptarse a una innovación = meet + development.
    * adaptarse a una necesidad = suit + need.
    * adaptarse a un formato = meet + format.
    * adaptarse a un interés = accommodate + interest.
    * capaz de adaptarse y superar adversidades = resilient.
    * modificar y adaptar = repackage [re-package], repack.

    * * *
    adaptar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 ‹cortinas/vestido› to alter; ‹habitación› to convert; ‹pieza/motor› to adapt
    adaptaron el dormitorio para usarlo como aula the bedroom was converted into a classroom o for use as a classroom
    adaptó la obra al or para el cine he adapted the play for the screen
    2 ( Inf) to convert
    to adapt adaptar A algo/ + INF to adapt TO sth/ -ING
    hay que saber adaptarse a las circunstancias you have to learn to adapt to circumstances
    un coche que se adapta a cualquier terreno a car which is well suited to any terrain
    no se adapta a vivir sola she can't adapt to living alone
    * * *

     

    adaptar ( conjugate adaptar) verbo transitivo ‹cortinas/vestido› to alter;
    ‹ habitación› to convert;
    ‹pieza/motor› to adapt;
    ‹obra/novela› to adapt;
    (Inf) to convert
    adaptarse verbo pronominal
    to adapt;
    adaptarse a algo/hacer algo to adapt to sth/doing sth;

    adaptar verbo transitivo
    1 to adapt: esa obra de teatro fue adaptada al cine, this play was adapted for the screen
    2 (ajustar) to adjust

    ' adaptar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acomodar
    - escenificar
    English:
    adapt
    - gear
    - suit
    - tailor
    - customize
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [modificar]
    un modelo adaptado a condiciones desérticas a model adapted to suit desert conditions;
    el edificio no ha sido aún adaptado a su nueva función the building still hasn't been modified to suit its new function
    2. [libro, obra de teatro] to adapt (a for);
    adaptó la novela al cine she adapted the novel for film o the screen
    * * *
    v/t adapt
    * * *
    1) modificar: to adapt
    2) : to adjust, to fit
    * * *
    adaptar vb (acomodar) to adapt

    Spanish-English dictionary > adaptar

  • 45 ayuntamiento

    m.
    1 town council (British), city council (United States) (corporation).
    2 town hall (British), city hall (United States) (edificio).
    * * *
    1 (corporación) town council, city council
    2 (edificio) town hall, city hall
    \
    ayuntamiento carnal formal sexual intercourse
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) city council, town council
    2) city hall, town hall
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=corporación) district council, town council, city council
    2) (=Casa Consistorial) town hall, city hall
    3) (=cópula) sexual intercourse
    * * *
    masculino ( corporación) town/city council; ( edificio) town/city hall
    * * *
    = local authority, town hall, local government, municipal government, local council, town council, city hall, municipal authority, city council.
    Ex. The interplay of forces outside their individual control -- government, local authority, trade union, parent institution -- plays havoc with planning exercises.
    Ex. Most CACs occupied office-type accommodation in town halls, libraries and consumer protection departments.
    Ex. With local government reorganization in 1974 came changes in the boundaries of public library authorities.
    Ex. The library's own publications and documents recording the activities of important institutions such as municipal governments, corporations, or the university where the library is located, represent another category of material which often requires indexing by reference librarians.
    Ex. During the last 10 years the service level in the City has fallen and music has stagnated, since the local council library committee froze all expenditure on music in 1984.
    Ex. The aim was to reach as many people as possible; more unusual venues included a meeting of the town council, a church, the market square, and a prison.
    Ex. Among other buildings afire or still smoldering in eastern Baghdad today were the city hall and the National Library which was so thoroughly burned that heat still radiated 50 paces from its front doors.
    Ex. Municipal authorities themselves decide the objectives, scale and structure of their library services.
    Ex. This is because the chief librarian is personally accountable to the next higher level of authority such as the mayor, the city council, the hospital director, or the university president.
    ----
    * a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.
    * Centro de Información sobre el Ayuntamiento = Kommune Information Centre.
    * concejal del ayuntamiento = local councillor.
    * del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.
    * funcionario del ayuntamiento = city official, city worker.
    * gestionado por el ayuntamiento = city-administered.
    * sala de juntas del ayuntamiento = town council meeting room.
    * * *
    masculino ( corporación) town/city council; ( edificio) town/city hall
    * * *
    = local authority, town hall, local government, municipal government, local council, town council, city hall, municipal authority, city council.

    Ex: The interplay of forces outside their individual control -- government, local authority, trade union, parent institution -- plays havoc with planning exercises.

    Ex: Most CACs occupied office-type accommodation in town halls, libraries and consumer protection departments.
    Ex: With local government reorganization in 1974 came changes in the boundaries of public library authorities.
    Ex: The library's own publications and documents recording the activities of important institutions such as municipal governments, corporations, or the university where the library is located, represent another category of material which often requires indexing by reference librarians.
    Ex: During the last 10 years the service level in the City has fallen and music has stagnated, since the local council library committee froze all expenditure on music in 1984.
    Ex: The aim was to reach as many people as possible; more unusual venues included a meeting of the town council, a church, the market square, and a prison.
    Ex: Among other buildings afire or still smoldering in eastern Baghdad today were the city hall and the National Library which was so thoroughly burned that heat still radiated 50 paces from its front doors.
    Ex: Municipal authorities themselves decide the objectives, scale and structure of their library services.
    Ex: This is because the chief librarian is personally accountable to the next higher level of authority such as the mayor, the city council, the hospital director, or the university president.
    * a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.
    * Centro de Información sobre el Ayuntamiento = Kommune Information Centre.
    * concejal del ayuntamiento = local councillor.
    * del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.
    * funcionario del ayuntamiento = city official, city worker.
    * gestionado por el ayuntamiento = city-administered.
    * sala de juntas del ayuntamiento = town council meeting room.

    * * *
    (corporación) town/city council; (edificio) town/city hall
    Compuesto:
    ( ant); carnal knowledge ( arch)
    * * *

     

    ayuntamiento sustantivo masculino ( corporación) town/city council;
    ( edificio) town/city hall
    ayuntamiento sustantivo masculino
    1 (institución) town/city council
    2 (edificio) GB town hall, US city hall
    ' ayuntamiento' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    concejo
    - drogodependencia
    - fortificación
    - insonorización
    - municipio
    - nido
    English:
    city hall
    - clout
    - corporation
    - council
    - local council
    - town council
    - town hall
    - wedding reception
    - city
    - housing
    - town
    - township
    * * *
    1. [corporación] Br town council, US city council
    2. [edificio] Br town hall, US city hall
    3. Anticuado
    ayuntamiento (carnal) sexual congress
    * * *
    m city council, town council; edificio city hall, town hall
    * * *
    1) : town hall, city hall
    2) : town or city council
    * * *
    1. (institución) council
    2. (edificio) town hall

    Spanish-English dictionary > ayuntamiento

  • 46 cascarrabias

    adj.
    crabby, crotchety.
    m.&f. s&pl.
    1 grouch, misery guts.
    2 crabby person, bad-tempered person, grouch, grumpy person.
    * * *
    1 familiar grumpy person, bad-tempered person
    * * *
    SMF INV grouch *
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo invariable (fam) cantankerous, grumpy
    II
    masculino y femenino (pl cascarrabias) (fam) cantankerous o grumpy person
    * * *
    = grouchy [grouchier -comp., grouchiest -sup.], grumpy [grumpier -comp., grumpiest -sup.], curmudgeon, curmudgeonly, cantankerous, bad-tempered, crabby [crabbier -comp., crabbiest, -sup.], ornery, misery guts, grouch, sour puss.
    Ex. The book 'The Grouchy Ladybug' describes how a ladybug can be used to teach entomology, natural selection, comparative anatomy, food chains and symbiotic relationships.
    Ex. That's despite grumpy comments like those of William Hartston who said it was 'surely one of the ugliest words ever to slither its way into our dictionaries'.
    Ex. The most common problem suffered by curmudgeons turns out to be their circumscribed social life.
    Ex. Offended by the idea of an addict selling sneakers to kids, he launched into a curmudgeonly rant.
    Ex. To attain this order within the structure of chaos, Eros divided himself into two parts: Eros as amicable, social love and Eros as cantankerous, divisive discord.
    Ex. He was a brave novelist but also bad-tempered, churlish and subject to fits of rage.
    Ex. The normally perky and intrepid Cristina is flat out crabby these days.
    Ex. My mama says that alligators are ornery because they got all them teeth and no toothbrush.
    Ex. At the other end of the scale are misery guts, who are neither happy with their job role nor their employer.
    Ex. We all have a grouch in our lives and if we wake up on the wrong side of the bed or take our daily mean pill, at the very nicest, we have been described as a ' grouch'.
    Ex. It is no fun being around you when you are being such a sour puss.
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo invariable (fam) cantankerous, grumpy
    II
    masculino y femenino (pl cascarrabias) (fam) cantankerous o grumpy person
    * * *
    = grouchy [grouchier -comp., grouchiest -sup.], grumpy [grumpier -comp., grumpiest -sup.], curmudgeon, curmudgeonly, cantankerous, bad-tempered, crabby [crabbier -comp., crabbiest, -sup.], ornery, misery guts, grouch, sour puss.

    Ex: The book 'The Grouchy Ladybug' describes how a ladybug can be used to teach entomology, natural selection, comparative anatomy, food chains and symbiotic relationships.

    Ex: That's despite grumpy comments like those of William Hartston who said it was 'surely one of the ugliest words ever to slither its way into our dictionaries'.
    Ex: The most common problem suffered by curmudgeons turns out to be their circumscribed social life.
    Ex: Offended by the idea of an addict selling sneakers to kids, he launched into a curmudgeonly rant.
    Ex: To attain this order within the structure of chaos, Eros divided himself into two parts: Eros as amicable, social love and Eros as cantankerous, divisive discord.
    Ex: He was a brave novelist but also bad-tempered, churlish and subject to fits of rage.
    Ex: The normally perky and intrepid Cristina is flat out crabby these days.
    Ex: My mama says that alligators are ornery because they got all them teeth and no toothbrush.
    Ex: At the other end of the scale are misery guts, who are neither happy with their job role nor their employer.
    Ex: We all have a grouch in our lives and if we wake up on the wrong side of the bed or take our daily mean pill, at the very nicest, we have been described as a ' grouch'.
    Ex: It is no fun being around you when you are being such a sour puss.

    * * *
    ( fam); cantankerous, grumpy
    cantankerous o grumpy person
    es un viejo cascarrabias he's a cantankerous old devil ( o sod etc) ( colloq)
    * * *

    cascarrabias adjetivo invariable (fam) cantankerous, grumpy
    ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino (pl
    ◊ cascarrabias) grouch (colloq)

    cascarrabias
    I mf inv familiar bad-tempered person
    familiar misery
    II adjetivo grumpy: no seas cascarrabias, don't be such a misery guts o don't be such a stick in the mud

    ' cascarrabias' also found in these entries:
    English:
    grouch
    - irascible
    - crank
    * * *
    ♦ adj inv
    grouchy, cranky;
    un viejo cascarrabias an old grouch, Br an old misery-guts
    ♦ nmf inv
    grouch, Br misery-guts,
    * * *
    m/f inv fam
    grouch fam
    * * *
    cascarrabias nmfs & pl, fam : grouch, crab

    Spanish-English dictionary > cascarrabias

  • 47 de un golpe

    all at once, in one go
    * * *
    = at one blow, at one whack, at one pull, in one shot, in one lump, in one action, in one go, in one fell swoop, at one fell swoop
    Ex. This approach eliminates, at one blow, both the problems which exercise the designer of a pre-co-ordinate index, that is citation order and reference structure.
    Ex. I am involved with systematic reviews which routinely result in 4,000+ citations at one whack.
    Ex. In this way the whole forme was printed at one pull.
    Ex. Then in one second ten programs could work consecutively, and it will look like the computer is doing all ten in one shot.
    Ex. LCSH revision is continuous, and may be quite large scale, though this is less obvious because it does not take place in one lump every few years.
    Ex. To remove the borrower from all routing lists in one action, enter the code for delete.
    Ex. He jumped in with both feet, opening five stores in one go and declaring his intention to open 30 more within five years.
    Ex. He fired them all, in one fell swoop when he took office as do most all Presidents.
    Ex. Life on board ship is not easy for anyone, least of all for a small child, who is deprived of nursery and toys at one fell swoop.
    * * *
    = at one blow, at one whack, at one pull, in one shot, in one lump, in one action, in one go, in one fell swoop, at one fell swoop

    Ex: This approach eliminates, at one blow, both the problems which exercise the designer of a pre-co-ordinate index, that is citation order and reference structure.

    Ex: I am involved with systematic reviews which routinely result in 4,000+ citations at one whack.
    Ex: In this way the whole forme was printed at one pull.
    Ex: Then in one second ten programs could work consecutively, and it will look like the computer is doing all ten in one shot.
    Ex: LCSH revision is continuous, and may be quite large scale, though this is less obvious because it does not take place in one lump every few years.
    Ex: To remove the borrower from all routing lists in one action, enter the code for delete.
    Ex: He jumped in with both feet, opening five stores in one go and declaring his intention to open 30 more within five years.
    Ex: He fired them all, in one fell swoop when he took office as do most all Presidents.
    Ex: Life on board ship is not easy for anyone, least of all for a small child, who is deprived of nursery and toys at one fell swoop.

    Spanish-English dictionary > de un golpe

  • 48 distorsión

    f.
    1 distortion, deformation.
    2 distorsion.
    3 distorsion.
    * * *
    1 distortion
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) [de sonido, imagen] distortion
    2) [de los hechos] distortion, twisting
    3) (Med) twisting
    * * *
    femenino (de la verdad, los hechos) distortion, twisting; ( de las facciones) distortion; (Tec) distortion
    * * *
    = distortion, misrepresentation, dithering, whitewashing, buckle, buckling effect, dither.
    Ex. To say, however, that the Library of Congress subject headings and the application of the subject heading list serves no users is a distortion and an exaggeration.
    Ex. But more to the point, the claim that 2 1/2 million jobs depend on slashing red tape is a misrepresentation of a CBI survey carried out in advance of the UK general election of 1983.
    Ex. The most common settings relate to Grey Scale, Dithering, Brightness, Contrast and Resolution = Las funciones más comunes son las Escala de Grises, Distorsión, Brillo, Contraste y Resolución.
    Ex. Critics condemn the whitewashing of African American characters and storylines in daytime television serials.
    Ex. The thermal deflection increased little or kept invariable with the continuous increase in temperature after the thermal buckle had occurred.
    Ex. For example, a model of an aircraft wing can be 'opened-up' on the screen to examine the buckling effects of the simulated loading on the wing's internal structure.
    Ex. This article also discusses dither and/or noise shaping technology = Este artículo también trata de la tecnología para editar el sonido y la distorsión de imágenes.
    * * *
    femenino (de la verdad, los hechos) distortion, twisting; ( de las facciones) distortion; (Tec) distortion
    * * *
    = distortion, misrepresentation, dithering, whitewashing, buckle, buckling effect, dither.

    Ex: To say, however, that the Library of Congress subject headings and the application of the subject heading list serves no users is a distortion and an exaggeration.

    Ex: But more to the point, the claim that 2 1/2 million jobs depend on slashing red tape is a misrepresentation of a CBI survey carried out in advance of the UK general election of 1983.
    Ex: The most common settings relate to Grey Scale, Dithering, Brightness, Contrast and Resolution = Las funciones más comunes son las Escala de Grises, Distorsión, Brillo, Contraste y Resolución.
    Ex: Critics condemn the whitewashing of African American characters and storylines in daytime television serials.
    Ex: The thermal deflection increased little or kept invariable with the continuous increase in temperature after the thermal buckle had occurred.
    Ex: For example, a model of an aircraft wing can be 'opened-up' on the screen to examine the buckling effects of the simulated loading on the wing's internal structure.
    Ex: This article also discusses dither and/or noise shaping technology = Este artículo también trata de la tecnología para editar el sonido y la distorsión de imágenes.

    * * *
    1 (de la verdad, los hechos) distortion, twisting
    2 (de las facciones) distortion
    3 ( Tec) distortion
    * * *

    distorsión sustantivo femenino
    1 (deformación, alteración) distortion
    2 Med sprain
    ' distorsión' also found in these entries:
    English:
    distortion
    * * *
    1. [de imágenes, sonidos] distortion
    distorsión acústica acoustic distortion;
    distorsión óptica optical distortion
    2. [de palabras] twisting;
    [de hechos, realidad] distortion, misrepresentation;
    en su relato había una clara distorsión de los hechos his account seriously distorted o misrepresented the facts
    * * *
    f
    1 distortion
    2 MED sprain
    * * *
    distorsión nf, pl - siones : distortion

    Spanish-English dictionary > distorsión

  • 49 gradualmente

    adv.
    gradually, by degrees.
    * * *
    1 gradually
    * * *
    * * *
    = gradually, stepwise, little by little, bit by bit.
    Ex. The indexing changes gradually with time, as the natural language of the documents covered by the index evolves.
    Ex. Object knowledge progresses stepwise from the object as a whole to its parts, subparts, etc, and can be visualised as an object-specific tree structure.
    Ex. Little by little his heath improved and he was able to walk further and further each day.
    Ex. I love movies like that -- where slowly, gradually, bit by bit, all the characters realize that the villain was really disastrously mendacious and criminal.
    ----
    * acercarse gradualmente (a) = edge (toward(s)).
    * alejar gradualmente de = wean away from.
    * apartar gradualmente de = wean away from.
    * avanzar gradualmente (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).
    * desaparecer gradualmente = fade into + the sunset.
    * introducir gradualmente = phase in.
    * reducir gradualmente = scale down.
    * separar gradualmente de = wean away from.
    * * *
    = gradually, stepwise, little by little, bit by bit.

    Ex: The indexing changes gradually with time, as the natural language of the documents covered by the index evolves.

    Ex: Object knowledge progresses stepwise from the object as a whole to its parts, subparts, etc, and can be visualised as an object-specific tree structure.
    Ex: Little by little his heath improved and he was able to walk further and further each day.
    Ex: I love movies like that -- where slowly, gradually, bit by bit, all the characters realize that the villain was really disastrously mendacious and criminal.
    * acercarse gradualmente (a) = edge (toward(s)).
    * alejar gradualmente de = wean away from.
    * apartar gradualmente de = wean away from.
    * avanzar gradualmente (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).
    * desaparecer gradualmente = fade into + the sunset.
    * introducir gradualmente = phase in.
    * reducir gradualmente = scale down.
    * separar gradualmente de = wean away from.

    * * *
    gradually
    * * *

    gradualmente adverbio gradually
    ' gradualmente' also found in these entries:
    English:
    degree
    - gradually
    * * *
    gradually
    * * *
    adv gradually
    * * *
    gradualmente adv gradually

    Spanish-English dictionary > gradualmente

  • 50 gruñón

    adj.
    grumpy, cranky, grouchy, gruff.
    m.
    grouch, grumbler, grump, snarler.
    * * *
    1 grumbling, grumpy
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 grumbler, grouch
    * * *
    gruñón, -ona
    1.
    ADJ grumpy, grumbling
    2.
    SM / F grumbler
    * * *
    I
    - ñona adjetivo (fam) grumpy (colloq)
    II
    - ñona masculino, femenino (fam) grump (colloq), grouse (colloq)
    * * *
    = grumpy [grumpier -comp., grumpiest -sup.], cranky [crankier -comp., crankiest -sup.], curmudgeon, curmudgeonly, cantankerous, bad-tempered, crusty [crustier -comp., crustiest -sup.], irascible, crabby [crabbier -comp., crabbiest, -sup.], ornery, misery guts, grouch, sour puss, testy [testier -comp., testiest -sup.].
    Ex. That's despite grumpy comments like those of William Hartston who said it was 'surely one of the ugliest words ever to slither its way into our dictionaries'.
    Ex. For example, you already know that living in a windowless room will make you cranky and out of sorts.
    Ex. The most common problem suffered by curmudgeons turns out to be their circumscribed social life.
    Ex. Offended by the idea of an addict selling sneakers to kids, he launched into a curmudgeonly rant.
    Ex. To attain this order within the structure of chaos, Eros divided himself into two parts: Eros as amicable, social love and Eros as cantankerous, divisive discord.
    Ex. He was a brave novelist but also bad-tempered, churlish and subject to fits of rage.
    Ex. For this crusty author as well as for that young one having fun being famous is what matters = Tanto para este autor hosco como para aquel autor joven, ser famoso es lo que importa.
    Ex. He was a rag-and-bone man living with his irascible father in a junkyard with only their horse for company.
    Ex. The normally perky and intrepid Cristina is flat out crabby these days.
    Ex. My mama says that alligators are ornery because they got all them teeth and no toothbrush.
    Ex. At the other end of the scale are misery guts, who are neither happy with their job role nor their employer.
    Ex. We all have a grouch in our lives and if we wake up on the wrong side of the bed or take our daily mean pill, at the very nicest, we have been described as a ' grouch'.
    Ex. It is no fun being around you when you are being such a sour puss.
    Ex. We're assailed by doubts, mortified by our own shortcomings, surrounded by freaks, testy over silly details.
    ----
    * vieja gruñona = grumpy old woman.
    * viejo gruñón = grumpy old man, grumpy old sod.
    * * *
    I
    - ñona adjetivo (fam) grumpy (colloq)
    II
    - ñona masculino, femenino (fam) grump (colloq), grouse (colloq)
    * * *
    = grumpy [grumpier -comp., grumpiest -sup.], cranky [crankier -comp., crankiest -sup.], curmudgeon, curmudgeonly, cantankerous, bad-tempered, crusty [crustier -comp., crustiest -sup.], irascible, crabby [crabbier -comp., crabbiest, -sup.], ornery, misery guts, grouch, sour puss, testy [testier -comp., testiest -sup.].

    Ex: That's despite grumpy comments like those of William Hartston who said it was 'surely one of the ugliest words ever to slither its way into our dictionaries'.

    Ex: For example, you already know that living in a windowless room will make you cranky and out of sorts.
    Ex: The most common problem suffered by curmudgeons turns out to be their circumscribed social life.
    Ex: Offended by the idea of an addict selling sneakers to kids, he launched into a curmudgeonly rant.
    Ex: To attain this order within the structure of chaos, Eros divided himself into two parts: Eros as amicable, social love and Eros as cantankerous, divisive discord.
    Ex: He was a brave novelist but also bad-tempered, churlish and subject to fits of rage.
    Ex: For this crusty author as well as for that young one having fun being famous is what matters = Tanto para este autor hosco como para aquel autor joven, ser famoso es lo que importa.
    Ex: He was a rag-and-bone man living with his irascible father in a junkyard with only their horse for company.
    Ex: The normally perky and intrepid Cristina is flat out crabby these days.
    Ex: My mama says that alligators are ornery because they got all them teeth and no toothbrush.
    Ex: At the other end of the scale are misery guts, who are neither happy with their job role nor their employer.
    Ex: We all have a grouch in our lives and if we wake up on the wrong side of the bed or take our daily mean pill, at the very nicest, we have been described as a ' grouch'.
    Ex: It is no fun being around you when you are being such a sour puss.
    Ex: We're assailed by doubts, mortified by our own shortcomings, surrounded by freaks, testy over silly details.
    * vieja gruñona = grumpy old woman.
    * viejo gruñón = grumpy old man, grumpy old sod.

    * * *
    ( fam); grumpy ( colloq)
    masculine, feminine
    ( fam); grump ( colloq), grouch ( colloq), misery ( BrE colloq), moaner ( BrE colloq)
    * * *

    gruñón
    ◊ - ñona adjetivo (fam) grumpy (colloq)

    gruñón,-ona adjetivo grumpy

    ' gruñón' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    gruñona
    English:
    grouch
    - grouchy
    - grump
    - grumpy
    - nag
    - nagging
    * * *
    gruñón, -ona Fam
    ♦ adj
    grumpy
    ♦ nm,f
    old grump
    * * *
    I adj fam
    grumpy
    II m, gruñona f fam
    grouch fam
    * * *
    gruñón, - ñona adj, mpl gruñones fam : grumpy, crabby
    gruñón, - ñona n, mpl gruñones fam : grumpy person, nag
    * * *
    gruñón1 adj grumpy [comp. grumpier; superl. grumpiest]
    gruñón2 n moaner

    Spanish-English dictionary > gruñón

  • 51 replanteamiento

    m.
    1 restatement, reconsideration.
    2 new proposal, re-statement, reassessment, restatement.
    * * *
    SM rethink, reconsideration
    * * *
    = recasting, rethinking [re-thinking], rethink [re-think], reconfiguration, redefinition, reconceptualisation [reconceptualization, -USA], reconceptualising [reconceptualizing, USA], reframing, redeployment, repurposing.
    Ex. This kind of large-scale recasting offers an opportunity for the scheme to go forward rather than stagnate until it is completely taken by events.
    Ex. To enable librarians to face this challenge requires a radical re-thinking of library school syllabuses.
    Ex. In this article a re-think about the nature of university education is given.
    Ex. The task allocation and reconfiguration is carried out dynamically.
    Ex. The next institution to change drastically will be libraries and the change will be no less than a redefinition of purpose.
    Ex. A reconceptualisation of collection development would embrace key factors such as selectivity, evaluation, user needs and the library budget.
    Ex. Reconceptualizing the role librarians and publishers play may enable us, in the digital environment, to structure relationships that allow both to accomplish their important goals.
    Ex. This paper attempts to provide such a reframing.
    Ex. What I would like to see would be the redeployment of staffs of libraries.
    Ex. The author talks about the current state of Web site usability, repurposing content, and the importance of the end users' natural habitat.
    ----
    * replanteamiento de los fondos = stock revision.
    * * *
    = recasting, rethinking [re-thinking], rethink [re-think], reconfiguration, redefinition, reconceptualisation [reconceptualization, -USA], reconceptualising [reconceptualizing, USA], reframing, redeployment, repurposing.

    Ex: This kind of large-scale recasting offers an opportunity for the scheme to go forward rather than stagnate until it is completely taken by events.

    Ex: To enable librarians to face this challenge requires a radical re-thinking of library school syllabuses.
    Ex: In this article a re-think about the nature of university education is given.
    Ex: The task allocation and reconfiguration is carried out dynamically.
    Ex: The next institution to change drastically will be libraries and the change will be no less than a redefinition of purpose.
    Ex: A reconceptualisation of collection development would embrace key factors such as selectivity, evaluation, user needs and the library budget.
    Ex: Reconceptualizing the role librarians and publishers play may enable us, in the digital environment, to structure relationships that allow both to accomplish their important goals.
    Ex: This paper attempts to provide such a reframing.
    Ex: What I would like to see would be the redeployment of staffs of libraries.
    Ex: The author talks about the current state of Web site usability, repurposing content, and the importance of the end users' natural habitat.
    * replanteamiento de los fondos = stock revision.

    * * *
    rethinking, reconsideration
    * * *
    1. [de situación, problema] restatement
    2. [de cuestión] [parafraseo] rephrasing;
    el replanteamiento de una cuestión raising an issue again

    Spanish-English dictionary > replanteamiento

  • 52 sección

    f.
    1 section.
    2 section, division, department.
    3 section, district.
    4 cross-section.
    5 article.
    6 section, cutting, incision.
    * * *
    1 (corte) section, cut
    2 (geometría) section
    3 (departamento) section, department
    4 (en periódico, revista) page, section
    5 MILITAR section
    \
    sección transversal cross-section
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Arquit, Mat) section
    2) (=parte) [gen] section; [de almacén, oficina] department

    sección de contactos — personal column ( containing offers of marriage {etc}4})

    sección deportiva — sports page, sports section

    sección económica — financial pages pl, city pages pl

    3) (Mil) section, platoon
    * * *
    1) ( corte) section

    sección longitudinal/transversal — longitudinal/cross section

    2)
    a) (división, área - en general) section; (- de empresa) department, section; (- en grandes almacenes) department
    b) (de periódico, orquesta) section
    3) (Mil) platoon
    * * *
    = frame, piece, portion, section, section, unit, area, chapter, arm, tranche, pod.
    Ex. Please return to frame 244 and read again about the use of the / (oblique stroke), paying particular attention to the examples given.
    Ex. Within one main class the same piece of notation may be used to signify different concepts.
    Ex. An extract is one o more portions of a document selected to represent the whole document.
    Ex. Plainly such representative sections may not be present in many documents, but sometimes an extract from the results, conclusions or recommendations of a document may serve to identify the key issues covered by the entire document.
    Ex. Cartographic materials are all the materials that represent, in whole or in part, the earth or any celestial body at any scale and include globes; block diagrams; sections; atlases; bird's eye views, etc.
    Ex. Therefore, during the concluding phase of the revision project, the representatives of ALA units and other organizations will function as a single group.
    Ex. Libraries usually arrange separate areas where current periodicals, maps, government publications, early printed books and manuscripts are housed.
    Ex. For example, the American Library Association and its chapters usually include a subsidiary group designed for library trustees.
    Ex. The author discusses the roles that various arms of the proposed structure can play to promote free flow of information = El autor describe las funciones que los diferentes departamentos de la estructura propuesta puede desempeñar para promover la libre circulación de la información.
    Ex. The first tranche of NATO enlargement -- adding Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic next year -- will help stabilize an historically unstable region.
    Ex. There are 3 ' pods' designed to separate areas from the main library for children's activities, the African and Caribbean literature centres and for meeting rooms.
    ----
    * bibliotecario encargado de la sección infantil = children's librarian.
    * bibliotecario encargado de la sección juvenil = young adult librarian.
    * de sección = sectional.
    * división en secciones = departmentation.
    * en sección = sectional.
    * jefe de sección = section head.
    * sección alfabética = alphabetical section.
    * sección central = midsection [mid-section].
    * sección de adquisiciones = acquisitions department, order department.
    * sección de adultos = adult section, adult department, adult services section.
    * sección de apoyo a los programas de estudios = curriculum material center.
    * Sección de Automatización y Documentación de ALA (IASD) = Information Science and Automation Division (IASD).
    * sección de catalogación = cataloguing division, cataloguing department.
    * sección de comentarios = comments section.
    * sección de compras = acquisitions department, order department.
    * sección de fondos locales = local studies department, local studies library, local studies collection.
    * Sección de Garantía del Asesoramiento Agrícola y del Fondo de Garantía Europ = Guarantee Section of the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF).
    * sección de la biblioteca = library section.
    * sección de libros en rústica = paperback rack.
    * sección de literatura narrativa = fiction section.
    * sección de nóminas = payroll department, salaries section.
    * sección de personal = personnel department, personnel office.
    * sección de préstamo = lending collection, lending stock.
    * sección de publicaciones periódicas = serial department, periodicals area.
    * sección de referencia = reference section, reference department, reference division, reference area.
    * sección de temas locales = local studies department, local studies library, local studies collection.
    * sección de últimos números de publicaciones periódicas = current periodicals area.
    * sección de vídeos = video collection.
    * sección infantil = children's department.
    * sección juvenil = young adult department.
    * sección para el fondo de consulta en sala = reserve room.
    * subsección = subsection [sub-section].
    * * *
    1) ( corte) section

    sección longitudinal/transversal — longitudinal/cross section

    2)
    a) (división, área - en general) section; (- de empresa) department, section; (- en grandes almacenes) department
    b) (de periódico, orquesta) section
    3) (Mil) platoon
    * * *
    = frame, piece, portion, section, section, unit, area, chapter, arm, tranche, pod.

    Ex: Please return to frame 244 and read again about the use of the / (oblique stroke), paying particular attention to the examples given.

    Ex: Within one main class the same piece of notation may be used to signify different concepts.
    Ex: An extract is one o more portions of a document selected to represent the whole document.
    Ex: Plainly such representative sections may not be present in many documents, but sometimes an extract from the results, conclusions or recommendations of a document may serve to identify the key issues covered by the entire document.
    Ex: Cartographic materials are all the materials that represent, in whole or in part, the earth or any celestial body at any scale and include globes; block diagrams; sections; atlases; bird's eye views, etc.
    Ex: Therefore, during the concluding phase of the revision project, the representatives of ALA units and other organizations will function as a single group.
    Ex: Libraries usually arrange separate areas where current periodicals, maps, government publications, early printed books and manuscripts are housed.
    Ex: For example, the American Library Association and its chapters usually include a subsidiary group designed for library trustees.
    Ex: The author discusses the roles that various arms of the proposed structure can play to promote free flow of information = El autor describe las funciones que los diferentes departamentos de la estructura propuesta puede desempeñar para promover la libre circulación de la información.
    Ex: The first tranche of NATO enlargement -- adding Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic next year -- will help stabilize an historically unstable region.
    Ex: There are 3 ' pods' designed to separate areas from the main library for children's activities, the African and Caribbean literature centres and for meeting rooms.
    * bibliotecario encargado de la sección infantil = children's librarian.
    * bibliotecario encargado de la sección juvenil = young adult librarian.
    * de sección = sectional.
    * división en secciones = departmentation.
    * en sección = sectional.
    * jefe de sección = section head.
    * sección alfabética = alphabetical section.
    * sección central = midsection [mid-section].
    * sección de adquisiciones = acquisitions department, order department.
    * sección de adultos = adult section, adult department, adult services section.
    * sección de apoyo a los programas de estudios = curriculum material center.
    * Sección de Automatización y Documentación de ALA (IASD) = Information Science and Automation Division (IASD).
    * sección de catalogación = cataloguing division, cataloguing department.
    * sección de comentarios = comments section.
    * sección de compras = acquisitions department, order department.
    * sección de fondos locales = local studies department, local studies library, local studies collection.
    * Sección de Garantía del Asesoramiento Agrícola y del Fondo de Garantía Europ = Guarantee Section of the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF).
    * sección de la biblioteca = library section.
    * sección de libros en rústica = paperback rack.
    * sección de literatura narrativa = fiction section.
    * sección de nóminas = payroll department, salaries section.
    * sección de personal = personnel department, personnel office.
    * sección de préstamo = lending collection, lending stock.
    * sección de publicaciones periódicas = serial department, periodicals area.
    * sección de referencia = reference section, reference department, reference division, reference area.
    * sección de temas locales = local studies department, local studies library, local studies collection.
    * sección de últimos números de publicaciones periódicas = current periodicals area.
    * sección de vídeos = video collection.
    * sección infantil = children's department.
    * sección juvenil = young adult department.
    * sección para el fondo de consulta en sala = reserve room.
    * subsección = subsection [sub-section].

    * * *
    A (corte) section
    sección longitudinal/transversal longitudinal/cross section
    B
    1 (división, área — en general) section; (— de una empresa) department, section; (— en los grandes almacenes) department
    la sección del edificio que va a ser demolida the part of the building that is going to be demolished
    Compuestos:
    ● sección de cuerdas/vientos
    string/wind section
    sports page
    C ( Mil) platoon
    * * *

     

    sección sustantivo femenino
    1 ( corte) section
    2
    a) (división, área — en general) section;

    (— de empresa, en grandes almacenes) department
    b) (de periódico, orquesta) section

    3 (Mil) platoon
    sección sustantivo femenino
    1 (parte, apartado, tramo) section
    Com sección de bisutería, costume jewellery department
    2 (de un plano) cross-sección
    3 (incisión) cut
    4 Mat section
    5 Mil (una unidad del ejército) platoon
    ' sección' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    corte
    - oportunidad
    - unidad
    - acomodar
    - caballero
    - cónico
    - encima
    - fumador
    - incluir
    - jefe
    - menaje
    - parte
    - repartición
    - reunir
    - suceso
    English:
    cross-section
    - department
    - departmental
    - division
    - platoon
    - section
    - block
    - complement
    - cross
    - desk
    - personnel
    - scratch
    * * *
    1. [parte] section;
    [departamento] department;
    la sección de discos the record department
    sección de cuerda(s) string section;
    sección de necrológicas [en periódico] obituary section;
    sección rítmica rhythm section;
    sección de viento(s) wind section
    2. [corte] section
    sección longitudinal longitudinal section;
    sección transversal cross-section
    3. Geom section
    4. Mil section
    * * *
    f
    1 GEOM section
    2 BOT cutting
    3 de documento, organización section
    4 MIL platoon
    * * *
    1) : section
    sección transversal: cross section
    2) : department, division
    * * *
    1. (en general) section
    2. (en una tienda, empresa) department

    Spanish-English dictionary > sección

  • 53 économie

    économie [ekɔnɔmi]
    1. feminine noun
       a. ( = science) economics sg ; ( = système) economy
       b. ( = gain) saving
       c. ( = épargne) par économie to save money
    2. plural feminine noun
    économies ( = gains) savings
    * * *
    ekɔnɔmi
    1.
    1) (de pays, région) economy
    2) ( discipline) economics (+ v sg)
    3) ( somme économisée) saving
    4) ( action d'économiser) economy
    5) ( sobriété) economy

    2.
    économies nom féminin pluriel savings

    faire des économies — ( épargner) to save up; ( dépenser moins) to cut back on spending

    Phrasal Verbs:
    ••
    * * *
    ekɔnɔmi
    1. nf
    1) (= vertu) economy, thrift
    2) (= gain) [argent, temps] saving

    Ce serait une économie de temps si nous prenions l'autoroute. — It would save us a lot of time if we went on the motorway.

    3) (= science) economics sg
    4) (= système économique) economy, (= situation économique) economy
    2. économies nfpl
    (= pécule) savings
    * * *
    A nf
    1 (de pays, région) economy;
    2 ( discipline) economics (+ v sg); étudiant en économie economics student;
    3 ( somme économisée) saving; réaliser une économie de 20 euros sur qch to save 20 euros on sth; faire l'économie de to save the cost of [repas, voyage]; l'économie de temps/de fatigue est minime the time/energy saved is minimal;
    4 ( action d'économiser) economy; par économie elle ne sort pas to save money she doesn't go out; avoir le sens de l'économie to be careful with money;
    5 ( sobriété) economy; s'exprimer avec une grande économie de paroles to express oneself succinctly; enseigner aux acteurs une économie de geste to teach actors to be economical in their movements.
    B économies nfpl savings; avoir des économies to have savings; prendre sur ses économies to break ou to dip into one's savings; faire des économies to save up; faire des économies d'électricité/de chauffage/de papier to save on electricity/heating/paper; ⇒ chandelle.
    économie dirigée controlled economy; économie domestique home economics; économie d'entreprise managerial economics; économie libérale = économie de marché; économie de marché free market (economy), (free) market economy; économie de marché contrôlée controlled market economy; économie mixte mixed economy; économie parallèle black economy; économie planifiée planned economy; économie politique political economy; économie d'échelle economy of scale; économies d'énergie energy savings; inciter les gens à faire des économies d'énergie to encourage people to save energy.
    il n'y a pas de petites économies every little (bit) helps, every penny counts GB.
    [ekɔnɔmi] nom féminin
    1. [système] economy
    économie libérale/socialiste free-market/socialist economy
    2. [discipline] economics
    3. [épargne] economy, thrift
    par économie, il y va a pied he walks to save money
    ce sera une économie de temps/d'argent it'll save time/money
    une économie ou des économies de bouts de chandelles (péjoratif) cheeseparing
    4. [structure]
    ————————
    économies nom féminin pluriel

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > économie

  • 54 схема

    chart, circuit, connection, circuit design, design, device, diagram, drawing, element, ( расчетная или эквивалентная) model, net, network, outline, pattern, plan, plot, project, ( логическая структура данных) schema, schematic, scheme, setup, sheet, structure
    * * *
    схе́ма ж.
    1. (графическое изображение, чертёж) diagram
    2. ( совокупность элементов и цепей связи) circuit; (разновидность какой-л. схемы) circuit design
    возбужда́ть схе́му — drive a circuit
    запуска́ть схе́му — trigger a circuit
    подгота́вливать схе́му — arm a circuit, set up a circuit in readiness for operation
    … со́бран по схе́ме ё́мкостной трёхто́чки … — connected in the Hartley oscillator circuit
    составля́ть схе́му — draw (up) a circuit
    существу́ет не́сколько схем супергетероди́нного приё́мника — superhets come in several circuit designs
    3. (изображение, образ действия последовательность событий) scheme, plan
    автоди́нная схе́ма — autodyne circuit
    схе́ма автомати́ческой подстро́йки частоты́ [АПЧ] — automatic frequency control [AFC] circuit
    анало́говая схе́ма — analog circuit
    схе́ма ано́дного повтори́теля — see-saw circuit
    схе́ма антисовпаде́ний — anticoincidence circuit
    бала́нсная схе́ма — balanced circuit
    схе́ма Берну́лли ( в теории вероятностей) — Bernoulli trials
    ве́нтильная схе́ма — gate (circuit)
    схе́ма вентиля́ции — ventilation (system), ventilation plan
    схе́ма вентиля́ции, за́мкнутая — closed-circuit ventilation (system)
    схе́ма вентиля́ции, осева́я — axial ventilation (system)
    схе́ма вентиля́ции, протяжна́я — open-circuit ventilation (system)
    схе́ма вентиля́ции, радиа́льная — radial ventilation (system)
    схе́ма включа́ющее ИЛИ — inclusive OR circuit
    схе́ма вычисле́ния — computational scheme, pattern of calculation
    схе́ма вычита́ния — subtract(ion) circuit
    схе́ма гаше́ния луча́ — blanking circuit
    герметизи́рованная схе́ма — potted circuit
    гибри́дная схе́ма — hybrid circuit
    двухта́ктная схе́ма — push-pull circuit
    двухта́ктная схе́ма с о́бщим като́дным сопротивле́нием — long-tailed pair
    схе́ма деле́ния — dividing circuit
    схе́ма деле́ния на два — divide-by-two circuit, binary scaler
    дифференци́рующая схе́ма — differentiating circuit
    схе́ма заде́ржки — delay circuit
    схе́ма замеще́ния — equivalent circuit
    заостря́ющая схе́ма — peaking circuit
    запомина́ющая схе́ма — memory [storage] circuit
    схе́ма запре́та ( логический элемент) — NOT-AND [NAND] circuit, NOT-AND [NAND] gate, inhibitor circuit, inhibit gate
    схе́ма за́пуска — trigger circuit
    схе́ма засве́та развё́ртки рлк. — intensifier gate circuit
    схе́ма И — AND circuit, AND gate
    схе́ма И-И — AND-to-AND circuit
    схе́ма И-ИЛИ — AND-to-OR circuit
    схе́ма ИЛИ — OR circuit, OR gate
    схе́ма ИЛИ-И — OR-to-AND circuit
    схе́ма ИЛИ-ИЛИ — OR-to-OR circuit
    и́мпульсная схе́ма — pulse circuit
    схе́ма И-НЕТ — NOT-AND [NAND] circuit, NOT-AND [NAND] gate
    интегра́льная схе́ма — integrated circuit
    помеща́ть интегра́льную схе́му в ко́рпус — encase an integrated circuit
    интегра́льная, больша́я схе́ма [БИС] — large-scale integrated [LSI] circuit
    интегра́льная, гибри́дная схе́ма — hybrid integrated circuit, hybrid IC, HIC
    интегра́льная, моноли́тная схе́ма — monolithic integrated circuit, MIC
    интегра́льная, осаждё́нная схе́ма — deposited integrated circuit
    интегра́льная, плана́рная эпитаксиа́льная схе́ма — planex integrated circuit
    интегра́льная, полупроводнико́вая схе́ма — semiconductor integrated circuit
    интегра́льная схе́ма СВЧ диапазо́на — microwave integrated circuit
    интегра́льная схе́ма с инжекцио́нным возбужде́нием — integrated-injection-logic [I2 L] circuit
    интегра́льная, толстоплё́ночная схе́ма — thick-film integrated circuit
    интегри́рующая схе́ма — integrating circuit, integrating network
    схе́ма исключа́ющее ИЛИ — exclusive OR circuit, exclusive or [nonequivalent] element
    каско́дная схе́ма — cascode circuit
    квадрату́рная схе́ма — quadrature network
    кинемати́ческая схе́ма — mechanical diagram
    кольцева́я схе́ма — ring circuit
    коммутацио́нная схе́ма — diagram of connections; wiring diagram
    компоно́вочная схе́ма — lay-out diagram
    схе́ма корре́кции часто́тной характери́стики — compensating network
    схе́ма корре́кции часто́тной характери́стики, проста́я — series frequency compensating network
    схе́ма корре́кции часто́тной характери́стики, сло́жная — shunt frequency compensating network
    криотро́нная схе́ма — cryotron circuit
    логи́ческая схе́ма — ( материальный объект) logic(al) (circuit); ( совокупность логических элементов) logic system
    стро́ить логи́ческую схе́му на ба́зе реле́ — mechanize the logic system with relays
    логи́ческая схе́ма без па́мяти — combinational logic network
    логи́ческая, дио́дная схе́ма — diode logic circuit
    логи́ческая, дио́дно-транзи́сторная схе́ма — diode-transistor logic, DTL
    логи́ческая, микроминиатю́рная схе́ма — micrologic circuit
    логи́ческая схе́ма на магни́тных серде́чниках — core logic
    логи́ческая схе́ма на параметро́нах — parametron logic
    схе́ма логи́ческая схе́ма на поро́говых элеме́нтах — threshold logic
    логи́ческая схе́ма на транзи́сторах и рези́сторах — resistor-transistor logic
    логи́ческая, потенциа́льная схе́ма — level logic
    логи́ческая, рези́сторно-транзи́сторная схе́ма — resistor-transistor logic
    логи́ческая схе́ма с па́мятью — sequential logic circuit, sequential logic network
    логи́ческая, транзи́сторная схе́ма с непосре́дственными свя́зями — direct-coupled transistor logic
    маке́тная схе́ма — breadboard model
    ма́тричная схе́ма — matrix circuit
    микроминиатю́рная схе́ма — microminiature [micromin] circuit
    микроэлектро́нная схе́ма — microelectronic circuit
    мнемони́ческая схе́ма — mimic diagram
    многофункциона́льная схе́ма — multifunction circuit
    модели́рующая схе́ма — analog circuit
    мо́дульная схе́ма — modular(ized) circuit
    молекуля́рная схе́ма — molecular circuit
    монта́жная схе́ма — wiring diagram, wiring lay-out
    мостова́я схе́ма эл. — bridge circuit
    схе́ма набо́ра зада́чи, структу́рная вчт. — problem set-up
    нагля́дная схе́ма — pictorial diagram
    схе́ма нака́чки — pump(ing) circuit
    схе́ма на не́скольких криста́лликах — multichip circuit
    схе́ма на не́скольких чи́пах — multichip circuit
    схе́ма на то́лстых плё́нках — thick-film circuit
    схе́ма на то́нких плё́нках — thin-film circuit
    схе́ма на транзи́сторах — transistor circuit
    схе́ма НЕ — NOT circuit, NOT gate
    невзаи́мная схе́ма — unilateral [nonreciprocal] network
    схе́ма НЕ И — NOT AND [NAND] circuit, NOT AND [NAND] gate
    схе́ма НЕ ИЛИ — NOT OR circuit, NOT OR circuit, NOT OR gate
    нелине́йная схе́ма — non-linear circuit, non-linear network
    схе́ма несовпаде́ния — non-coincidence [anticoincidence] circuit
    схе́ма образова́ния дополне́ния (числа́) вчт. — complementer
    схе́ма образова́ния дополни́тельного ко́да (числа́) вчт. — 2's complementer
    схе́ма образова́ния обра́тного ко́да (числа́) вчт. — 1's complementer
    схе́ма обра́тной корре́кции радио — deemphasis circuit
    схе́ма обра́тной свя́зи — feedback circuit
    схе́ма объедине́ния — OR circuit, OR gate
    однолине́йная схе́ма эл. — single-line diagram, single-line scheme
    однота́ктная схе́ма — single-ended circuit
    опти́ческая схе́ма (напр. микроскопа) — optical train
    переключа́ющая схе́ма — switch(ing) [commutation] circuit
    переключа́ющая схе́ма на криотро́нах — cryotron switching [commutation] circuit
    пересчё́тная схе́ма — scaler, scaling circuit
    пересчё́тная, бина́рная схе́ма — scale-of-two circuit, binary scaler
    пересчё́тная, дека́дная схе́ма — scale-of-ten circuit, decade scaler
    пересчё́тная, кольцева́я схе́ма — ring scaler
    пересчё́тная схе́ма с коэффицие́нтом пересчё́та — N scale-of-N circuit, modulo-N scaler
    печа́тная схе́ма — printed circuit
    печа́тная, микроминиатю́рная схе́ма — microprinted circuit
    схе́ма пита́ния, однони́точная тепл. — single-run feeding system
    схе́ма пита́ния, паралле́льная радио — parallel feed
    схе́ма пита́ния ано́дной це́пи ла́мпы, паралле́льная — parallel feed is used in the anode circuit
    плана́рная схе́ма — planar circuit
    пневмати́ческая схе́ма — pneumatic circuit
    схе́ма повтори́теля ( логический элемент) — OR circuit, OR gate
    поро́говая схе́ма — threshold circuit
    потенциа́льная схе́ма — level circuit
    принципиа́льная схе́ма
    1. ( изображение) schematic (diagram); (неэлектрическая, напр. механического устройства) (simplified) line diagram; ( пневматического или гидравлического устройства) flow diagram (of an apparatus)
    2. ( материальный объект) fundamental [basic] circuit arrangement
    схе́ма прове́рки — test set-up
    собра́ть схе́му прове́рки по рис. 1 — establish the test set-up shown in Fig. 1
    схе́ма прове́рки чё́тности — parity checker
    схе́ма произво́дственного проце́сса, маршру́тная — plant flow diagram, route sheet
    схе́ма прока́тки — rolling schedule
    противоколеба́тельная схе́ма — antihurt circuit
    противоме́стная схе́ма тлф. — antisidetone circuit
    схе́ма проце́сса, технологи́ческая
    1. ( диаграмма) flow chart, flow sheet, flow diagram
    схе́ма пупиниза́ции свз. — loading scheme
    пускова́я схе́ма
    1. тепл. start-up system
    2. элк. trigger circuit
    пускова́я, однора́зовая схе́ма элк. — single-shot trigger circuit
    развя́зывающая схе́ма свз. — isolation network
    схе́ма разделе́ния — separation circuit
    схе́ма разноимё́нности — exclusive OR circuit; exclusive OR [non-equivalence] element
    схе́ма распа́да физ. — decay [disintegration] scheme
    схе́ма расположе́ния — lay-out diagram
    схе́ма расположе́ния ламп радио — tube-location diagram
    схе́ма распределе́ния па́мяти — memory allocation scheme
    регенерати́вная схе́ма — regenerative [positive feedback] circuit
    реже́кторная схе́ма — rejector circuit
    релаксацио́нная схе́ма — relaxation circuit
    реле́йно-конта́ктная схе́ма — (relay) switching circuit
    схе́ма самолё́та, аэродинами́ческая — airplane configuration
    схе́ма с двумя́ усто́йчивыми состоя́ниями — bistable circuit
    схе́ма селе́кции дви́жущихся це́лей — moving target indicator [MTI] canceller
    схе́ма с заземлё́нной се́ткой — grounded-grid [common-grid] circuit
    схе́ма с заземлё́нным като́дом — grounded-cathode [common-emitter] circuit
    схе́ма с заземлё́нным колле́ктором — grounded-collector [common-collector] circuit
    схе́ма с заземлё́нным эми́ттером — grounded-emitter [common-emitter] circuit
    симметри́чная схе́ма — symmetrical circuit
    схе́ма синхрониза́ции — sync(hronizing) circuit
    схе́ма синхрониза́ции, гла́вная — master clock
    схе́ма с като́дной свя́зью — cathode-coupled circuit
    скеле́тная схе́ма — skeleton diagram
    схе́ма сма́зки — lubrication diagram, lubrication chart
    схе́ма смеще́ния це́нтра развё́ртки — off-centring circuit
    собира́тельная схе́ма — OR circuit, OR gate
    схе́ма с о́бщей като́дной нагру́зкой, парафа́зная — long-tail-pair circuit
    схе́ма совпаде́ния — AND [coincidence] circuit, AND gate
    схе́ма с одни́м усто́йчивым состоя́нием — monostable circuit
    схе́ма соедине́ний — (diagram of) connections
    схе́ма соедине́ния трансформа́тора — winding connection(s)
    спускова́я схе́ма элк. — trigger circuit
    схе́ма сравне́ния — comparison circuit
    схе́ма с разделе́нием сигна́лов по частоте́ ( форма организации связи или системы) — frequency-division multiplex [FDM] working
    стабилизи́рующая схе́ма — stabilizing circuit
    структу́рная схе́ма — block diagram
    сумми́рующая схе́ма — ( дискретных сигналов) add(ing) circuit; ( аналоговых сигналов) summing circuit
    счё́тная схе́ма — counting circuit
    твердоте́льная схе́ма — solid-state circuit
    твердоте́льная, эпитаксиа́льная схе́ма — epitaxial solid circuit
    Т-обра́зная схе́ма — T-circuit, T-network
    схе́ма токопрохожде́ния — signal-flow diagram
    толстоплё́ночная схе́ма — thick-film circuit
    тонкоплё́ночная схе́ма — thin-film circuit
    транзи́сторная схе́ма — transistor(ized) circuit
    схе́ма трёхто́чки, ё́мкостная — Colpitts oscillator (circuit)
    схе́ма трёхто́чки, индукти́вная — Hartley oscillator (circuit)
    схе́ма удвое́ния — doubling circuit, doubler
    схе́ма удлине́ния и́мпульсов — pulse stretcher
    схе́ма умноже́ния — multiply(ing) circuit
    схе́ма умноже́ния на два — multiply-by-2 circuit
    схе́ма управле́ния — control circuit
    усредня́ющая схе́ма — averaging circuit, averager
    схе́ма фа́зовой автомати́ческой подстро́йки частоты́ [ФАПЧ] — phase-lock loop, PLL
    фазовраща́тельная схе́ма — phase-shifting network
    фикси́рующая схе́ма — clamp(ing) circuit, clamper
    формиру́ющая схе́ма — shaping circuit, shaper
    функциона́льная схе́ма — functional (block) diagram; вчт. logic diagram
    цепна́я схе́ма — ladder circuit, ladder [recurrent] network
    эквивале́нтная схе́ма — equivalent circuit
    схе́ма экскава́ции горн. — excavation scheme
    электри́ческая схе́ма — circuit diagram
    электро́нная схе́ма — electronic circuit
    схе́ма электропрово́дки — wiring diagram
    схе́ма энергети́ческих у́ровней — energy-level diagram
    * * *
    1) circuit design; 2) diagram

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > схема

  • 55 Lohngefüge

    Lohngefüge n PERS wage structure, wage pattern
    * * *
    f < Person> wage structure, wage pattern
    * * *
    Lohngefüge
    pay (wage) structure;
    • sein Lohngefüge rationalisieren to rationalize its pay structure;
    • einbehaltene Lohngelder holdback pay (US);
    • Lohngerangel wage scramble;
    • eisernes Lohngesetz (Lasalle) iron law of wages;
    • Lohngleichheit wage adequacy, equality in wages (of pay);
    • Lohngleichheitsgesetz Equal Pay Act (Br.);
    • Lohngleitformel escalator formula;
    • Lohngleitklausel escalator clause, cost-of-living escalator;
    • Lohngleitregelung wage escalation;
    • Lohngrundlage time standard;
    • Lohngruppe wage-rate group, wage scale (bracket);
    • höhere Lohngruppen upper pay brackets;
    • Lohngruppierung wage classification;
    • Lohnguthaben unclaimed wages;
    • Lohnherabsetzung cutting (reduction) of wages, pay reduction;
    • Lohnhöhe wage level;
    • Lohnindex wage index;
    • Lohnindexierung wage indexation;
    • Lohninflation wage[-push] inflation;
    • Lohninstanz wage tribunal;
    • Lohnintensität wage impact.

    Business german-english dictionary > Lohngefüge

  • 56 мелкая структура

    1) Computers: small scale
    2) Medicine: minute structure

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > мелкая структура

  • 57 Gilbert, Cass

    [br]
    b. 24 November 1859 Zanesville, Ohio, USA
    d. 17 May 1934 Brockenhurst, Hampshire, England
    [br]
    American architect who designed a variety of high-quality, large-scale public buildings in eclectic mode.
    [br]
    Gilbert travelled widely in Europe before returning to the USA to join the well-known firm of McKim, Mead \& White, for whom he designed the Minnesota State Capitol at Saint Paul (1896–1903). This building, like the majority of Gilbert's work, was in classical form, the great dome modelled on that of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. Other designs, on similar classical themes, included his large US Customs House in New York (1907). The structure for which Gilbert is best known, however, was an adaptation of French Gothic style to a sixty-storeyed skyscraper. This was the Woolworth Building, an office tower of romantic silhouette in downtown New York (1913). In contra-distinction to the high-rise designs of Louis Sullivan, who broke new ground in relating the design of the building to the verticality of the structure, Gilbert continued the skyscraper pattern of earlier years by clothing the steel structure in eclectic manner unrelated to the form beneath. The result, if backward-looking, is an elegant, attractive and familiar part of the New York skyline.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    W.H.Jordy, 1976, American Buildings and their Architects, Vol. 3, Garden City, New York: Anchor.
    W.Weisman, 1970, The Rise of American Architecture, New York: Praeger.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Gilbert, Cass

  • 58 Paxton, Sir Joseph

    [br]
    b. 3 August 1801 Milton Bryant, Bedfordshire, England
    d. 8 June 1865 Sydenham, London, England
    [br]
    English designer of the Crystal Palace, the first large-scale prefabricated ferrovitreous structure.
    [br]
    The son of a farmer, he had worked in gardens since boyhood and at the age of 21 was employed as Undergardener at the Horticultural Society Gardens in Chiswick, from where he went on to become Head Gardener for the Duke of Devonshire at Chatsworth. It was there that he developed his methods of glasshouse construction, culminating in the Great Conservatory of 1836–40, an immense structure some 277 ft (84.4 m) long, 123 ft (37.5 m) wide and 67 ft (20.4 m) high. Its framework was of iron and its roof of glass, with wood to contain the glass panels; it is now demolished. Paxton went on to landscape garden design, fountain and waterway engineering, the laying out of the model village of Edensor, and to play a part in railway and country house projects.
    The structure that made Paxton a household name was erected in Hyde Park, London, to house the Great Exhibition of 1851 and was aptly dubbed, by Punch, the Crystal Palace. The idea of holding an international exhibition for industry had been mooted in 1849 and was backed by Prince Albert and Henry Cole. The money for this was to be raised by public subscription and 245 designs were entered into a competition held in 1850; however, most of the concepts, received from many notable architects and engineers, were very costly and unsuitable, and none were accepted. That same year, Paxton published his scheme in the Illustrated London News and it was approved after it received over-whelming public support.
    Paxton's Crystal Palace, designed and erected in association with the engineers Fox and Henderson, was a prefabricated glasshouse of vast dimensions: it was 1,848 ft (563.3 m) long, 408 ft (124.4 m) wide and over 100 ft (30.5 m) high. It contained 3,300 iron columns, 2,150 girders. 24 miles (39 km) of guttering, 600,000 ft3 (17,000 m3) of timber and 900,000 ft2 (84,000 m) of sheet glass made by Chance Bros, of Birmingham. One of the chief reasons why it was accepted by the Royal Commission Committee was that it fulfilled the competition proviso that it should be capable of being erected quickly and subsequently dismantled and re-erected elsewhere. The Crystal Palace was to be erected at a cost of £79,800, much less than the other designs. Building began on 30 July 1850, with a labour force of some 2,000, and was completed on 31 March 1851. It was a landmark in construction at the time, for its size, speed of construction and its non-eclectic design, and, most of all, as the first great prefabricated building: parts were standardized and made in quantity, and were assembled on site. The exhibition was opened by Queen Victoria on 1 May 1851 and had received six million visitors when it closed on 11 October. The building was dismantled in 1852 and reassembled, with variations in design, at Sydenham in south London, where it remained until its spectacular conflagration in 1936.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1851. MP for Coventry 1854–65. Fellow Linnaean Society 1853; Horticultural Society 1826. Order of St Vladimir, Russia, 1844.
    Further Reading
    P.Beaver, 1986, The Crystal Palace: A Portrait of Victorian Enterprise, Phillimore. George F.Chadwick, 1961, Works of Sir Joseph Paxton 1803–1865, Architectural Press.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Paxton, Sir Joseph

  • 59 Rondelet, Jean-Baptiste

    [br]
    b. 1734 Lyons, France d. 1829
    [br]
    French architect particularly interested in the scientific and mathematical basis of architectural structure, and who at an early date introduced reinforced concrete into supporting piers in his buildings.
    [br]
    From 1795 Rondelet was Professor at the Ecole Centrale des Travaux Publics and while there was responsible for a major treatise on building construction: this was his Traité théorique et pratique de l'art de bâtir, published in four volumes in 1802–17. From 1806 he taught at the Ecole Spéciale d'Architecture, which was soon afterwards merged with the Ecole Polytechnique. It was when Rondelet took over the work of com-pleting the Panthéon in Paris, after the death of Jacques-Germain Soufflot, that he had the opportunity of putting some of his particular structural ideas into practice. In 1755 the King had appointed Soufflot architect of the great new church to be dedicated to the patron saint of the city, Sainte Geneviève. In this neo-classical structure based upon Greek cross plan, Soufflot intended four slender piers, each encased in three engaged columns, to support the pendentives for the dome to rise over the crossing. It was a fine and elegant building on a large scale, but by the early nineteenth century, when the church had become a pantheon, cracks were appearing in the masonry. When Rondelet succeeded as architect after Soufflot's death, he strengthened and enlarged the piers, employing a faced concrete structure reinforced with metal. He used a metalreinforced mortar with rubble aggregate.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    An article by Rondelet appears in: 1989, Le Panthéon: Symbole des Révolutions, pp. 308–10 (book of the Exhibition at the Hôtel de Sully, Paris), ed. Picard, Caisse Nationale des Monuments Historiques et des Sites en France.
    Further Reading
    M.N.Mathuset-Bandouin, 1980, "Biographie de Jean Rondelet", Soufflot et son temps, Caisse Nationale des Monuments Historiques et des Sites en France, 155ö7.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Rondelet, Jean-Baptiste

  • 60 Steuersenkungsantrag

    Steuersenkungsantrag
    tax-cut proposal;
    • Steuersenkungszusicherung pledge to cut taxes;
    • Steuersituation tax position;
    • Steuersitz taxable situs;
    • Steuerskala scale of taxation, tax scale;
    • Steuerskandal tax scandal;
    • Steuersoll tax due (liability);
    • Steuerstaffelung graduated taxation;
    • Steuerstatus tax status (statement);
    • Steuerstempel revenue (inland-revenue, Br.) stamp;
    • Steuerstrafe tax (fiscal) penalty, surcharge, fine;
    • Steuerstrafsatz tax penalty rate;
    • Steuerstraftat tax offence;
    • Steuerstreik taxpayer’s strike, civil disobedience;
    • Steuerstreitfrage tax argument (dispute);
    • Steuerstruktur tax structure;
    • harmonisierte Steuerstrukturen (EU) harmonised tax structures;
    • Steuerstufe tax bracket;
    • höchste Steuerstufe top bracket;
    • in einer höheren Steuerstufe sein to be in the higher income brackets;
    • Steuerstundung tax deferment (-deferral, US);
    • Steuerstundungserfordernisse deferred tax needs;
    • Steuersubjekt subject for taxation, taxing unit;
    • Steuersünderfonds conscience fund (US).

    Business german-english dictionary > Steuersenkungsantrag

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