saul

V 0-1-0-0-0=1 1 Chr 12,30

to keep watch; ἀπεσκόπει τὴν φυλακὴν οἴκου Σαουλ he kept the guard of the house of Saul; see

ἀποσκοπεύω

⁺ ὁ N 3 103-1591-384-805-593=3476 Gn 14,1(quater).2(quinquies)

king Gn 14,1

κατέστησαν αὐτὸν εἰς βασιλέα they made him king, appointed him as king 2 Chr 36,1; ἔχρισεν Σαμουηλ τὸν Σαουλ εἰς βασιλέα Samuel anointed Saul to be king, as king 1 Sm 11,15

*Jgs^A 5,6 βασιλεῖς corr. βάσεις? bases for MT ארחות ways, ground; *1 Kgs 11,5 τῷ βασιλεῖ αὐτῶν for their king-ם/מלכ for MT מלכם Milkom, see also 1 Kgs 11,33; *Is 14,32 βασιλεῖς kings-מלכי for MT מלאכי messengers

Cf. LUST 1991b, 194-196; SPICQ 1982 88.94-96; WALTERS 1973 137(Jgs^A 5,6); →NIDNTT; TWNT

κῡριοκτόνος, ον,

A slaying a sovereign lord, κ. πράξεις, of those who killed the son of Saul, J.AJ7.2.1.

Saul

γεύομαι fut. γεύσομαι, 1 aor. ἐγευσάμην (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX; TestReub 1:10 [v.l. ἔφαγον]; TestZeb 4:2; TestJos 6:3; JosAs 10:20; ApcEsdr 7:1 p. 32, 8 Tdf.; ApcMos, Philo, Joseph.) to have perception of someth. either by mouth or by experience, esp. in ref. to relatively small quantity.

① to partake of someth. by mouth, taste, partake of w. acc. (rarely in Gk. lit. with this verb [for acc. w. verbs of consumption, but not γεύομαι, s. Kühner-G. I 356, 2]: Anth. Pal. 6, 120 ἔρσης ἰκμάδα γευόμενος ‘tasting the juicy dew’; also Sb 1106 οἱ συμπόσιον γευόμενοι; 1 Km 14:43; Job 12:11; 34:3; Tob 7:12 BA) water J 2:9. μηδὲν εἰ μὴ ἄρτον καὶ ὕδωρ Hs 5, 3, 7. W. gen. of thing (Crates, Ep. 14 ἰχθύος κ. οἴνου; Dio Chrys. 2, 47; POxy 658, 12; 1576, 4 τοῦ οἴνου; 1 Km 14:24; 2 Km 3:35 al.): a meal=take part in it Lk 14:24. μηδενός (Jos., Ant. 7, 42) Ac 23:14; poisonous plants ITr 11:1. The obj. of the verb is indicated by the context Mt 27:34; Ac 20:11. μὴ ἅψῃ μηδὲ γεύσῃ μηδὲ θίγῃς Col 2:21 (s. ἅπτω 3).—Abs. with apparent ref. to the initial phase of dining γεύομαι= eat (ins Sb 1944; Tob 2:4 BA ‘left his meal untouched’; Jos., Ant. 6, 119 ‘taste’ in contrast to ‘eat’ [ἐσθίω]; 338 the witch of Endor urges Saul to ‘take some food’ [in contrast to his fasting]; cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 98 §407 ‘dine’) Ac 10:10.

② to experience someth. cognitively or emotionally, come to know someth. fig. ext. of 1 (Hom. et al.; Pr 31:18; Pfuhl-Möbius II, 1310, 8 ‘taste of words’, or lit.). W. gen. of thing (Pind., N. 6, 24 πόνων; Hdt. 6, 5 ἐλευθερίης; Lycophron vs. 1431 φυγῆς [of Xerxes]; Dio Chrys. 15 [32], 72 πολέμου; Ael. Aristid. 28, 60 K.=49 p. 510 D.: ἀλαζονείας; Maximus Tyr. 33, 4c ἡδονῶν): θανάτου (analogous to rabb. טָעַם מִיתָה [Billerb. I 751f; 4 Esdr 6:26]; Leonidas in Anth. Pal. 7, 662 ἀδελφὸν ἀστόργου γευσάμενον θανάτου; cp. γ. ζωῆς IGUR III, 1216, 1; s. HRüger, ZNW 59, ’68, 113f) Mt 16:28; Mk 9:1; Lk 9:27; J 8:52; Hb 2:9; Ox 654, 5 (where θανάτου is supplied)=ASyn. 247, 20; partake of knowledge 1 Cl 36:2 (cp. Herm. Wr. 10, 8 γ. ἀθανασίας; Philo, Virt. 188 σοφίας al.; Jos., Bell. 2, 158); obtain a gift Hb 6:4. W. acc. of thing (B-D-F §169): a word of God vs. 5. W. ὅτι foll.: γεύσασθαι ὅτι χρηστὸς ὁ κύριος experience the Lord’s kindness 1 Pt 2:3 (Ps 33:9); RPerdelwitz, D. Mysterienrel. u. d. Problem des 1 Pt 1911, 65ff.—B. 1030. DELG. M-M. New Docs 4, 41. TW.

Δαυίδ, ὁ indecl. (Δαυείδ is another spelling, in late mss. also Δαβίδ, s. B-D-F §38; 39, 1; Mlt-H. 110; on the abbrev. Δᾱδ s. LTraube, Nomina Sacra 1907) David (דָּוִד) (LXX; SibOr index; Eupolemus the Jew [II B.C.]: 723 Fgm. 2b, 3ff Jac., in Eus., PE 30, 5 and 7f [Δαβίδ]; Philo, Conf. Lingu. 149 [Δαβίδ]; Just.; Mel. [Δαυίδ B, Δαυείδ Ch].—In Joseph. Ant. 6, 199; also 7, 101 in a quot. fr. Nicol. Dam. Δαυίδης, ου or Δαβίδης), king of Israel, in genealogy of Jesus Mt 1:6, 17; Lk 3:31. Acc to Mt 1:20; Lk 1:27; 2:4 Joseph was of Davidic descent. Jesus is called υἱὸς Δ.. Mt 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30f; 21:9, 15; Mk 10:47f; 12:35; Lk 18:38f; ἐκ σπέρματος Δ.. Ro 1:3; 2 Ti 2:8; IEph 18:2; IRo 7:3; AcPlCor 2:5; ἐκ γένους Δ.. IEph 20:2; ITr 9:1; ISm 1:1; cp. Rv 22:16.—ἕως τῶν ἡμερῶν Δ.. Ac 7:45. David called to be king 13:22 (conflation of Ps 88:21, 1 Km 13:14 and Is 44:28); beneficiary of divine promises 13:34 (Is 55:3). David eating showbread (1 Km 21:1–6) Mt 12:3; Mk 2:25; Lk 6:3. His fidelity to Saul and clemency to Nabal AcPl Ha 6, 21ff (1 Km 25). His wars 1 Cl 4:13. His death Ac 13:36 (3 Km 2:10). His grave Ac 2:29 (cp. Jos., Bell. 1, 61; Ant. 16, 179). As singer of psalms Mk 12:36f; Lk 20:42, 44; Ac 2:25; Ro 4:6; 11:9; Hb 4:7; B 10:10; AcPl Ha 7, 11; also inspired Mt 22:43, 45; Ac 1:16; 2:34; 4:25; prophesying B 12:10. Ancestor of the Messiah Mt 22:42; Mk 12:35; Lk 20:41; B 12:10. The messianic reign described as kgdm. of David Mk 11:10; the restoration of the ‘fallen tent of David’ Ac 15:16 (Am 9:11). David’s throne Lk 1:32 (Is 9:6). The Messiah has the key, i.e. sovereignty, of David Rv 3:7 (Is 22:22 v.l.). Bethlehem is the city of David Lk 2:4, 11; J 7:42. On ἡ ῥίζα Δ.. Rv 5:5; 22:16 s. ῥίζα 2. On λίμνη τοῦ Δ.. Ox 840, 25 s. λίμνη 1b.—D. is exemplar of faith Hb 11:32; described as μεμαρτυρημένος 1 Cl 18:1; ἐκλεκτός 52:2.—The mng. of ἄμπελος Δ.. in the eucharistic prayer D 9:2 is debated (s. ἄμπελος b).—EDNT. RAC III 594–603. TW.

Κίς, ὁ indecl. (also Κείς, קִישׁ) Kish, father of Saul (1 Km 9:1 al.; Jos., Ant. 6, 45f; 130 [Κείς]; 56; 62 [Κείσαιος]; 268 [Κεῖσος]) Ac 13:21.

λυμαίνω 1 aor. inf. λυμᾶναι; impf. mid. ἐλυμαινόμην; fut. 3 sg. λυμανεῖται LXX; quite predom., in earlier times exclusively, used as a mid. dep. (cp. λῦμα ‘filth left from washing’; Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; En 19:1; EpArist 164; Philo; Jos., Bell. 2, 271; 4, 534 al.; Ath., R. 1 p. 49, 8 [w. dat.]) to cause harm to, injure, damage, spoil, ruin, destroy (so Thu. et al.) τὶ someth. Σαῦλος ἐλυμαίνετο τὴν ἐκκλησίαν Saul was making it hard for the (Christian) community Ac 8:3. Of gluttons who, by their intemperance, damage τὴν σάρκα αὐτῶν their bodies Hv 3, 9, 3a (Epict. 3, 22, 87 τὸ σῶμα λυμαίνεται=he injures his body).—Also used as a passive (UPZ 187, 20 [127/126 B.C.]; M-M s.v. λυμαίνομαι) λυμαίνεται ἡ σὰρξ αὐτῶν their bodies become injured Hv 3, 9, 3b (cp. Jos., Ant. 12, 256 λ. τὰ σώματα).—The act. λυμαίνω appears quite late (Libanius, Decl. 13, 6 vol. VI p. 10, 13 F.; PGM 13, 302 πῦρ, οὐ μή μου λυμάνῃς σάρκα; Herm. Wr. 10, 20; TestAbr A). It has the same mng. πόλιν λυμᾶναι destroy a city Hv 4, 1, 8. τινά hurt someone 4, 2, 4.—B. 760. DELG s.v. λῦμα. TW.

Παῦλος, ου, ὁ Paul, a Roman surname (never a praenomen), found in lit. (e.g. Diod S 14, 44, 1; 15, 76, 1), ins, pap; Mel., HE 4, 26, 3)

① Sergius Paulus s. Σέργιος.

② Paul, the apostle of Jesus Christ; fr. the beginning he bore the Israelite name Saul as well as the Graeco-Roman Paul (difft. e.g. HDessau, Her 45, 1910, 347–68 and EMeyer III 197; s. GHarrer, HTR 33, ’40, 19–33.—Σαούλ 2 and Σαῦλος), prob. born in Tarsus (s. Ταρσός), and perh. brought up there (but s. WvUnnik, Tarsus or Jerusalem, ’62), born a Roman citizen. He was educated in Mosaic tradition, but was not untouched by the syncretistic thought-world in which he lived. At first he was a zealous Pharisee and as such a vehement foe of Christians, but his perspective was changed by a vision of Jesus Christ (OKietzig, D. Bekehrg. d. Pls ’32; EPfaff, Die Bekehrg. d. hl. Pls in d. Exegese des 20. Jahrh. ’42; CBurchard, Der Dreizehnte Zeuge, ’70, 126 n. 278 [lit. since ’54]). Most prominent of the apostles to the nations/gentiles. As such he worked in Nabataean Arabia, Syria, and Cilicia, traveled through Cyprus, Asia Minor, Macedonia, and Greece, and planned a missionary journey via Italy to Spain (s. Σπανία). He was prevented fr. carrying out this plan (at least at this time) by his subsequent arrest in Jerusalem and the lawsuit connected w. it (NVeldhoen, Het Proces van den Ap. Pls 1924; ESpringer, D. Proz. des Ap. Pls: PJ 218, 1929, 182–96; HCadbury, Roman Law and the Trial of Paul: Beginn. I/5, ’33, 297–338). He reached Rome only as a prisoner (on the journey FDavies, St. Paul’s Voyage to Rome ’31), and was prob. executed there: Ac 9 and 13–28; Ro 1:1; 1 Cor 1:1, 12f; 3:4f, 22; 16:21; 2 Cor 1:1; 10:1; Gal 1:1; 5:2; Eph 1:1; 3:1; Phil 1:1; Col 1:1, 23; 4:18; 1 Th 1:1; 2:18; 2 Th 1:1; 3:17; 1 Ti 1:1; 2 Ti 1:1; Tit 1:1; Phlm 1, 9, 19; 2 Pt 3:15; Pol 9:1; (11:2, 3). AcPl Ant 13, 9 recto and 15 verso (= Aa I 237, 1f) and 66 times AcPl Ha, including once ὁ μακάριος Π. AcPl Ha 3, 27; the same 4 times in AcPlCor. ὁ μακάριος Π. ὁ ἀπόστολος 1 Cl 47:1. Π. ὁ ἡγιασμένος, ὁ μεμαρτυρημένος, ἀξιομακάριστος IEph 12:2. ὁ μακάριος καὶ ἔνδοξος Π. Pol 3:2. Mentioned w. Peter 1 Cl 5:5; IRo 4:3.—S. also ApcEsdr 5:22 p. 30, 24 Tdf.; with John ApcEsdr 1:19 p. 25, 13 Tdf.—CClemen, Paulus 1904, where the older lit. is given. Other lit. in RBultmann, TRu n.s. 6, ’34, 229–46; 8, ’36, 1–22; WLyons and MParvis, NT Literature 1943–45, ’48, 225–39; GBornkamm, RGG³ V, ’61, 189f; ABD s.v.—ADeissmann, Pls² 1925 (Eng. tr. WWilson 1926); EvDobschütz, Der Ap. Pls I 1926; LMurillo, Paulus 1926; KPieper, Pls., Seine missionarische Persönlichkeit u. Wirksamkeit^2,3 1929; EBaumann, Der hl. Pls 1927; PFeine, Der Ap. Pls 1927; RLiechtenhan, Pls 1928; HLietzmann, Gesch. d. Alten Kirche I ’32, 102–31; JStewart, A Man in Christ ’36; CScott, St. Paul, the Man and the Teacher ’36; ANock, St. Paul ’38; TGlover, Paul of Tarsus ’38; CYver, S. Paul ’39; VGrÿnbech, Paulus ’40; WvLoewenich, Pls ’40; DRiddle, Paul, Man of Conflict ’40; EBuonaiuti, San Paolo ’41; JBover, San Pablo ’41; EAllo, Paul ’42; JKlausner, Fr. Jesus to Paul ’43; EGoodspeed, Paul ’47; JKnox, Chapters in a Life of Paul ’50; MDibelius, Paulus ’51; ²’56, with WKümmel (Eng. tr. FClarke ’53); EFascher, Pauly-W. Suppl. VIII 431–66, ’57.—FPrat, La théologie de S. Paul 1924f (Eng. tr. JStoddard ’57); CScott, Christianity Acc. to St. Paul 1928; OMoe, Apostolen Pls’ Forkyndelse og Laere 1928; AKristoffersen, Åpenbaringstanke og misjonsforkynnelse hos Pls, diss. Upps. ’38; RGuardini, Jes. Chr. I (in Paul) ’40; ChGuignebert, Le Christ ’43, 3 (Paulinisme).—A Schweitzer, D. Mystik des Ap. Pls 1930 (Eng. tr. WMontgomery ’31); MGoguel, La Mystique Paulin.: RHPhr 11, ’31, 185–210; MDibelius, Pls u. d. Mystik ’41; AFaux, L’ Orphisme et St. Paul: RHE 27, ’31, 245–92; 751–91; HWindisch, Pls u. Christus, E. bibl.-rel. gesch. Vergleich ’34.—EEidem, Det kristna Livet enligt Pls I 1927; MEnslin, The Ethics of Paul 1930; LMarshall, The Challenge of NT Ethics ’46; DWhiteley, The Theol. of St. Paul, ’64.—APuukko, Pls u. d. Judentum: Studia Orientalia 2, 1928, 1–86; HWindisch, Pls u. d. Judentum ’35; NMansson, Paul and the Jews ’47; WKnox, St. Paul and the Church of the Gentiles ’39.—ASteinmann, Z. Werdegang des Pls. Die Jugendzeit in Tarsus 1928; EBarnikol, D. vorchristl. u. früchristl. Zeit des Pls 1929; AOepke, Probleme d. vorchristl. Zeit des Pls: StKr 105, ’33, 387–424; GBornkamm, D. Ende des Gesetzes, Paulusstudien ’52.—WKümmel, Jes. u. Pls: ThBl 19, ’40, 209–31; ASchlatter, Jes. u. Pls ’40; WDavies, Paul and Rabbinic Judaism ⁴’80.—GRicciotti, Paul the Apostle (Eng. tr. AlZizzamia) ’53; JSevenster, Paul and Seneca, ’61; H-JSchoeps, Paulus ’59 (Engl. tr. HKnight, ’61); BMetzger, Index to Periodical Lit. on Paul ’60; Wv Loewenich, Paul: His Life and Works (transl. GHarris), ’60; WSchmithals, Paul and James (transl. DBarton), ’65; EGüttgemanns, D. Leidende Apostel, ’66; HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT ’66, 165–80; SPorter, The Paul of Acts ’99; additional lit. HBetz, ABD V 199–201.—LGPN I. M-M. EDNT. TW.

Σαῦλος, ου, ὁ Saul, Grecized form of שָׁאוּל (Joseph. mentions several Judeans w. this name; s. index s.v. Σαοῦλος), the Hebrew name of the Apostle Paul (s. Παῦλος 2 and Σαούλ) Ac 7:58; 8:1, 3; 9:1, 8, 11, 22, 24; 11:25, 30; 12:25; 13:1f, 7, 9; 22:7 D (Σαῦλε); 26:14 v.l. (Σαῦλε).—M-M.

Σιλᾶς, α or Σίλας, ᾶ (still other spellings are attested for the NT; s. B-D-F §53, 2; 125, 2), ὁ (several times in Joseph. as a Semitic name; OGI 604, 4; IGR III 817, 1. Evidently=שְׁאִילָא, the Aram. form [in Palmyrene inscriptions] of שָׁאוּל Saul) Silas. This name, which occurs only in Ac, is borne by a respected member of the church at Jerusalem who was prophetically gifted 15:22, 27; he was sent to Antioch and stayed there vss. 32, 33 [34] v.l.; later he accompanied Paul on his so-called second missionary journey 15:40–18:5 (mentioned nine times). Despite CWeizsäcker, Das apost. Zeitalter² 1892, 247 et al., incl. LRadermacher, ZNW 25, 1926, 295, it is hardly to be doubted that this Silas is the same pers. as the Σιλουανός who is mentioned in Paul and 1 Pt. See the next entry and s. AStegmann, Silvanus als Missionär u. ‘Hagiograph’ 1917. S. also s.v. Ἰωάν(ν)ης 6.—TRE III 609. M-M.

Στέφανος, ου, ὁ (since Andocides 1, 18; Pla, Meno 94c; Demosth.; ins, pap; Jos., Bell. 2, 228) a name freq. found, Stephen, one of the seven ‘assistants’ in Jerusalem. Ac relates that he performed miracles and became esp. prominent as a proclaimer. Religious differences w. certain synagogues (s. Λιβερτίνος) brought him before the Sanhedrin, where he made a speech which so incited his audience that they stoned him in the presence of Saul (Paul) Ac 6:5, 8f; 7:1 v.l., 59; 8:2; 11:19; 22:20.—KPahncke, StKr 85, 1912, 1–38; WMundle, ZNW 20, 1921, 133–47; EMeyer III 154ff; JRopes, StKr 102, 1930, 307–15; AFridrichsen, Le Monde oriental 25, ’32, 44–52; RSchumacher, Der Diakon Stephanus 1910; MSimon, St. Stephen and the Hellenists in the Primitive Church ’58; JBihler, D. Stephanusgeschichte etc. ’63; CBarrett, Stephen and the Son of Man, EHaenchen Festschr. ’64, 32–38; MScharlemann, Stephen, a Singular Saint ’68; MHengel, ZTK 72, ’75, 151–206.—Kl. Pauly V 360f [no. 11]; BHHW III 1864f; Haenchen ad loc.—LGPN I. M-M. EDNT.

φθόνος, ου, ὁ (Pind., Hdt. et al.; Demosth. 20, 165 opp. of φιλανθρωπία; Ael. Aristid. 29, 5 K.=40 p. 752 D.: φθ. as ἔσχατον τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων ἁμαρτημάτων; pap; ins freq. associated with ‘evil eye’ [s. Elliott s.v. βασκαίνω 1], reff. SEG XLI, 1526; LXX, pseudep.; Philo; Jos., Vi. 80; 122; Just.; Tat. 32, 3) envy, jealousy, w. ζῆλος (1 Macc 8:16; TestSim 4:5) 1 Cl 3:2; 4:7; 5:2. διὰ ζῆλος Δαυὶδ φθόνον ἔσχεν … ὑπὸ Σαοὺλ Saul envied David out of jealousy. W. κακία (TestBenj 8:1) Tit 3:3. In catalogues of vices (in some of which κακία also occurs; s. also Herm. Wr. 13, 7) Ro 1:29 (μεστοὺς φθόνου φόνου ἔριδος. The wordplay φθόν. φόν. as Eur., Tro. 766ff); 1 Ti 6:4 (w. ἔρις); φθόνοι Gal 5:21 (v.l. + φόνοι); 1 Pt 2:1. διὰ φθόνον out of envy (Anaximenes [IV B.C.]: 72 Fgm. 33 Jac.; Philo, Mos. 1, 2; Jos., Vi. 204 ἐπιγνοὺς διὰ φθόνον ἀναιρεθῆναί με προστάξαι, C. Ap. 1, 222) Mt 27:18; Mk 15:10; Phil 1:15 (w. ἔρις). On the difficult and perh. textually damaged pass. πρὸς φθόνον (Demosth. 20, 165) ἐπιποθεῖ τὸ πνεῦμα Js 4:5 s. ἐπιποθέω; πρός 3f, and also FSpitta, Der Brief des Jk (=Zur Gesch. und Lit. des Urchristentums II) 1896, 118ff; PCorssen, GGA 1893, 596f; OKirn, StKr 77, 1904, 127ff; 593ff; CBruston, RTQR 11, 1907, 368–77; JFindlay, ET 37, 1926, 381f; AMeyer, D. Rätsel des Jk 1930, 258f; LJohnson, NovT 25, ’83, 327–47 (Js 3:13–4:10; Gr-Rom. lit.)—B. 1139. DELG. M-M. Spicq. Sv.

ἀναίρεσις, εως, ἡ (αἱρέω ‘grasp, seize’, s. also next entry; var. aspects of ‘removal’: Eur., Thu. et al.; TestSol 13:4; TestJud 23:3; TestGad 2:4; Philo, Aet. M. 5 al.) murder, killing (X., Hell. 6, 3, 5; Plut., Mor. 1051d; Herodian 2, 13, 1; Num 11:15; Jdth 15:4; 2 Macc 5:13; Jos., Ant. 5, 165, Vi. 21; TestJud 23:3; GrBar 4:9; Tat. 10, 3) ἦν συνευδοκῶν τῇ ἀναιρέσει αὐτοῦ (Saul) consented to his murder Ac 8:1 (22:20 v.l. infl. by 8:1); 13:28 D.—M-M.

 

эхин
Архитектурная деталь капители колонны, круглая в плане, с выпуклым профилем, поддерживающая абаку
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]

Тематики

• архитектура, основные понятия

EN

• echinus

DE

• Echinus
• Saul' nwulst

FR

• échine