sanctĭtas

sanctĭtas, ātis, f. [sanctus].

Inviolability, sacredness, sanctity:

tribunatūs,

Cic. Sest. 37, 79: regum, Caes. ap. Suet. Caes. 6; cf.: regii nominis, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. G. 4, 211:

sanctitas templi insulaeque,

Liv. 44, 29:

templo sanctitatem tribuere,

Tac. A. 3, 62 fin.; cf.:

augusti atque inviolati soli,

Liv. 45, 5:

fori,

Quint. 11, 3, 58:

mecum deorum et hominum sanctitates omnes et religiones afuerunt,

Cic. Red. in Sen. 14, 34: propter sanctitatem aliquam, Massur. Sabin. ap. Gell. 4, 9, 8: patria sanctitas, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2.—

(Acc. to sanctus, B.) Moral purity, holiness, sanctity, virtue, piety, integrity, honor, purity, chastity, etc.:

omnes cives sic existimant, quasi lumen aliquod exstinctis ceteris elucere sanctitatem et prudentiam et dignitatem tuam,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 2; cf.:

exemplum veteris sanctitatis,

id. Phil. 3, 6, 15:

deos ipsos innocentiā et sanctitate laetari,

Plin. Pan. 3 fin.:

si pudor, si modestia, si pudicitia, si temperantia poenae metu coercebuntur, non sanctitate suā se tuebuntur?

virtue, Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 73:

deos placatos pietas efficiet et sanctitas,

id. Off. 2, 3, 11; cf.:

sanctitas est scientia colendorum deorum,

id. N. D. 1, 41, 116:

quae potest esse pietas? quae sanctitas? quae religio?... cum quā (pietate) simulet sanctitatem et religionem tolli necesse est,

id. ib. 1, 2, 3; cf. id. Top. 23, 90.— Plur.:

deorum cultus religionumque sanctitates,

Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 5:

matronarum,

id. Cael. 13, 32; cf. Inscr. Orell. 2739; and:

pudorem sanctitatemque feminarum abrogare,

Liv. 34, 6; so,

dominae,

Tac. A. 14, 60:

docentis,

towards his pupils, Quint. 2, 2, 3:

ducis,

Flor. 2, 6, 40. —Of a man, chastity, Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 5; Vell. 2, 29, 3; Sid. Ep. 6, 10:

vir summae sanctitatis,

Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 21:

sanctitas (orationis) Calvi,

Quint. 12, 10, 11; cf.:

sanctitas et ut sic dicam virilitas ab his (sc. veteribus Latinis) petenda,

id. 1, 8, 9 (v. sanctus, near the end).—As the title of a bishop, Cassiod. Var. 3, 37.

* * *

pĭĕtas, ātis, f. [pius], dutiful conduct towards the gods, one's parents, relatives, benefactors, country, etc., sense of duty.

Lit.

With respect to the gods, piety:

est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 115; 1, 2, 3; cf.: aequitas tripartita dicitur esse;

una ad superos deos, altera ad manes, tertia ad homines pertinere. Prima pietas, secunda sanctitas, tertia justitia aut aequitas nominatur,

id. Top. 23, 90: pietas adversus deos, id. [p. 1375] Fin. 3, 22, 73:

deos placatos pietas efficiet et sanctitas,

id. Off. 2, 3, 11; id. Rep. 1, 2, 2:

senex fretus pietate deum,

Naev. B. Punic. 3, 1; Enn. ap. Non. 160, 2 (Trag. v. 369 Vahl.): nec pietas ulla est, velatum saepe videri Vortier ad lapidem atque omnes accedere ad aras, etc., that is not piety, to incline with veiled head to the marble, etc., Lucr. 5, 1198.—

Conscientiousness, scrupulousness, Ov. F. 6, 607.—So of love and duty towards God (eccl. Lat.;

freq.),

Vulg. 2 Macc. 3, 1; id. 2 Pet. 1, 6.— Plur., Vulg. 2 Pet. 3, 11.—

With respect to one's parents, children, relatives, country, benefactors, etc., duty, dutifulness, affection, love, loyalty, patriotism, gratitude, etc.: Pa. Salve, mi pater insperate. Tr. Volup est, quom istuc ex pietate vestrā nobis contigit, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 132:

patrem tuom si percoles per pietatem,

dutifully, id. Trin. 2, 2, 3:

justitia erga deos religio, erga parentes pietas nominatur,

Cic. Part. 22, 78:

quid est pietas, nisi voluntas grata in parentes?

id. Planc. 33, 80:

justitiam cole et pietatem, quae cum sit magna in parentibus et propinquis, tum in patriā maxima est,

id. Rep. 6, 15, 15; cf.:

pietas, quae erga patriam aut parentes, aut alios sanguine conjunctos officium conservare monet,

id. Inv. 2, 22, 65; id. Rosc. Am. 13, 37:

pietas in matrem,

id. Lael. 3, 11; id. Att. 13, 39:

mi mater, tua pietas plane nobis auxilio fuit,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 122; cf.

v. 99: felix nati pietate,

Verg. A. 3, 480:

solemnia pietatis,

the last offices, Tac. Agr. 7:

egregium narras mirā pietate parentem,

Cat. 66, 29:

pietas erga aliquem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1:

in aliquem,

id. ib. 1, 9, 1:

hic tui omnes valent summāque pietate te desiderant,

id. ib. 6, 20, 2:

nec publicae pietatis intererat, quid vocarere,

to the affection of the citizens, Plin. Pan. 21, 3:

militiae,

Luc. 4, 499.—Towards a husband (rare):

neque id (officium nostrum) magis facimus quam nos monet pietas,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 6; cf.:

scelus est pietas in conjuge Tereo,

Ov. M. 6, 635.—The formula PIETATIS CAVSA or EX PIETATE (opp. EX TESTAMENTO), in epitaphs, denotes that the heir raised the monument to the deceased, not because compelled by the latter's last will, but out of affection and respect, Inscr. Orell. 4692; Inscr. Fabr. p. 710, n. 314.—

Transf., in gen. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose).

Justice:

at tibi... pro talibus ausis Di, si qua est caelo pietas, quae talia curet, Persolvant grates dignas, etc.,

Verg. A. 2, 536; cf. Sil. 6, 410; so Verg. A. 5, 688:

summa deum pietas,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 1; cf. Liv. 4, 42.—

Gentleness, kindness, tenderness, pity, compassion:

permittite Patres Conscripti a pietate vestrā impetrari, ut damnatis liberum mortis arbitrium indulgeatis,

Suet. Dom. 11:

senatus,

Plin. Pan. 79, 4; Dig. 48, 9, 5.—In addressing a person:

mea pietas,

my kind friend, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 57.—

Pĭĕtas, personified, a goddess, Piety, who had two temples at Rome, Liv. 40, 34, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 2, 11, 28; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 121; Val. Max. 5, 4, 7; Fest. p. 209 Müll.; Inscr. Orell. 1824 sq.; 3291.

Pĭĕtas, ātis, f., a Roman surname, Inscr. Marin. Atti, p. 329.—

Also, the name of a ship, Inscr. Orell. 3608.—

Pietas Julia, a Roman colony in Istria, the mod. Pola, Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 129.

pĭĕtas, ātis, f. [pius], dutiful conduct towards the gods, one's parents, relatives, benefactors, country, etc., sense of duty.

Lit.

With respect to the gods, piety:

est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 115; 1, 2, 3; cf.: aequitas tripartita dicitur esse;

una ad superos deos, altera ad manes, tertia ad homines pertinere. Prima pietas, secunda sanctitas, tertia justitia aut aequitas nominatur,

id. Top. 23, 90: pietas adversus deos, id. [p. 1375] Fin. 3, 22, 73:

deos placatos pietas efficiet et sanctitas,

id. Off. 2, 3, 11; id. Rep. 1, 2, 2:

senex fretus pietate deum,

Naev. B. Punic. 3, 1; Enn. ap. Non. 160, 2 (Trag. v. 369 Vahl.): nec pietas ulla est, velatum saepe videri Vortier ad lapidem atque omnes accedere ad aras, etc., that is not piety, to incline with veiled head to the marble, etc., Lucr. 5, 1198.—

Conscientiousness, scrupulousness, Ov. F. 6, 607.—So of love and duty towards God (eccl. Lat.;

freq.),

Vulg. 2 Macc. 3, 1; id. 2 Pet. 1, 6.— Plur., Vulg. 2 Pet. 3, 11.—

With respect to one's parents, children, relatives, country, benefactors, etc., duty, dutifulness, affection, love, loyalty, patriotism, gratitude, etc.: Pa. Salve, mi pater insperate. Tr. Volup est, quom istuc ex pietate vestrā nobis contigit, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 132:

patrem tuom si percoles per pietatem,

dutifully, id. Trin. 2, 2, 3:

justitia erga deos religio, erga parentes pietas nominatur,

Cic. Part. 22, 78:

quid est pietas, nisi voluntas grata in parentes?

id. Planc. 33, 80:

justitiam cole et pietatem, quae cum sit magna in parentibus et propinquis, tum in patriā maxima est,

id. Rep. 6, 15, 15; cf.:

pietas, quae erga patriam aut parentes, aut alios sanguine conjunctos officium conservare monet,

id. Inv. 2, 22, 65; id. Rosc. Am. 13, 37:

pietas in matrem,

id. Lael. 3, 11; id. Att. 13, 39:

mi mater, tua pietas plane nobis auxilio fuit,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 122; cf.

v. 99: felix nati pietate,

Verg. A. 3, 480:

solemnia pietatis,

the last offices, Tac. Agr. 7:

egregium narras mirā pietate parentem,

Cat. 66, 29:

pietas erga aliquem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1:

in aliquem,

id. ib. 1, 9, 1:

hic tui omnes valent summāque pietate te desiderant,

id. ib. 6, 20, 2:

nec publicae pietatis intererat, quid vocarere,

to the affection of the citizens, Plin. Pan. 21, 3:

militiae,

Luc. 4, 499.—Towards a husband (rare):

neque id (officium nostrum) magis facimus quam nos monet pietas,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 6; cf.:

scelus est pietas in conjuge Tereo,

Ov. M. 6, 635.—The formula PIETATIS CAVSA or EX PIETATE (opp. EX TESTAMENTO), in epitaphs, denotes that the heir raised the monument to the deceased, not because compelled by the latter's last will, but out of affection and respect, Inscr. Orell. 4692; Inscr. Fabr. p. 710, n. 314.—

Transf., in gen. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose).

Justice:

at tibi... pro talibus ausis Di, si qua est caelo pietas, quae talia curet, Persolvant grates dignas, etc.,

Verg. A. 2, 536; cf. Sil. 6, 410; so Verg. A. 5, 688:

summa deum pietas,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 1; cf. Liv. 4, 42.—

Gentleness, kindness, tenderness, pity, compassion:

permittite Patres Conscripti a pietate vestrā impetrari, ut damnatis liberum mortis arbitrium indulgeatis,

Suet. Dom. 11:

senatus,

Plin. Pan. 79, 4; Dig. 48, 9, 5.—In addressing a person:

mea pietas,

my kind friend, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 57.—

Pĭĕtas, personified, a goddess, Piety, who had two temples at Rome, Liv. 40, 34, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 2, 11, 28; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 121; Val. Max. 5, 4, 7; Fest. p. 209 Müll.; Inscr. Orell. 1824 sq.; 3291.

Pĭĕtas, ātis, f., a Roman surname, Inscr. Marin. Atti, p. 329.—

Also, the name of a ship, Inscr. Orell. 3608.—

Pietas Julia, a Roman colony in Istria, the mod. Pola, Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 129.

1) Religion: Beatitudo Vestra ("Your Holiness", сокр. B.V.), Sanctitas Vestra ("Your Holiness", сокр. S.V.)

2) Christianity: the Most Holy Father, Your Holiness (речевая формула обращения к Патриарху РПЦ, а также к Папе Римскому)

* * *

* * *

caerĭmōnĭa ( cērĭ-; scanned cĕrīmōnĭa, Prud. c. Symm. praef. 1, 5), ae, f. (collat. form caerĭmōnĭum, ii, n., Gloss. Lat. pp. 50, 69 Hild.; Inscr. Orell. 3188) [kindr. with Sanscr. root kri, = facere; cf. also creo. cerus, Ceres. strictly sacred work, divine rite; cf. Bopp, Gloss. p. 79, a; Pott, I. p. 219; Mommsen, Unterit. Dial.], the sacred. the divine, that which has reference to the Deity (in class. prose)

Lit.

Objectively, sacredness, sanctity (in this sense rare, and only in sing.): sanctitas regum, et caerimonia deorum. Caes. ap. Suet. Caes. 6: legationis. Cic. Rosc. Am. 39, 113; Tac. A. 4, 64 fin.: 3, 61: loci. id. ib. 14, 22 fin. —

Subjectively, a holy dread, awe, reverence, veneration of the Deity (external; while religio has regard both to internal and external reverence for God; rare except in sing.). Cic. Inv 2. 22, 66; id. Verr. 2, 5, 14. § 36; id. Leg. 2, 22. 55; 2, 53, 161: sacra summā religione caerimoniāque conficere. id. Balb. 24. 55: so id. Har Resp. 10, 21; 17, 37: Nep. Them. 8, 4; Liv. 29. 18, 2; 40, 4, 9; Gell. 4. 9. 9; Tac. A. 4, 55' esse in magnā caerimoniā. to be held in great veneration, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 135; also plur.: habere aliquid in caerimoniis. id. 37, 7, 28, § 100.—

Meton. (abstr. pro concr.), a religious usage, a sacred rite, religious ceremony (while ritus designates both religious and profane rites: so esp. freq. in the histt. and mostly in plur.): Ceres et Libera. quarum sacra... longe maximis atque occultissimis caerimoniis continentur. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 187: religiones vero caerimoniaeque omnium sacrorum fanorumque violatae. id. ib. 2. 1. 3. § 7: in sacerdotio caerimoniisque diligentissimus. id. Rab. Perd. 10, 27:

sepulcrorum,

id. Tusc. 1, 12, 27: caelestes. Liv 1, 20, 4 and 7' polluere. id. 6, 41, 9; Tac. H. 1, 2; Suet. Caes. 74: fetiales. Liv. 9, 11, 8:

auspiciaque,

id. 22, 9, 7; Flor. 1, 2, 2:

novae,

Tac. A. 1, 54: vetustissimae. id. ib. 1. 62:

deorum,

id. ib. 3, 60; 16, 28;

publicae,

id. H. 2, 91; Suet. Caes. 6: an tiquae. id. Aug. 31:

peregrinae, veteres ac praeceptae,

id. ib. 93:

externae,

id. Tib. 36. —In sing.:

collatis militaribus signis, quo more eorum gravissima caerimonia continetur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 2; Suet. Aug. 94 med.

caerĭmōnĭa ( cērĭ-; scanned cĕrīmōnĭa, Prud. c. Symm. praef. 1, 5), ae, f. (collat. form caerĭmōnĭum, ii, n., Gloss. Lat. pp. 50, 69 Hild.; Inscr. Orell. 3188) [kindr. with Sanscr. root kri, = facere; cf. also creo. cerus, Ceres. strictly sacred work, divine rite; cf. Bopp, Gloss. p. 79, a; Pott, I. p. 219; Mommsen, Unterit. Dial.], the sacred. the divine, that which has reference to the Deity (in class. prose)

Lit.

Objectively, sacredness, sanctity (in this sense rare, and only in sing.): sanctitas regum, et caerimonia deorum. Caes. ap. Suet. Caes. 6: legationis. Cic. Rosc. Am. 39, 113; Tac. A. 4, 64 fin.: 3, 61: loci. id. ib. 14, 22 fin. —

Subjectively, a holy dread, awe, reverence, veneration of the Deity (external; while religio has regard both to internal and external reverence for God; rare except in sing.). Cic. Inv 2. 22, 66; id. Verr. 2, 5, 14. § 36; id. Leg. 2, 22. 55; 2, 53, 161: sacra summā religione caerimoniāque conficere. id. Balb. 24. 55: so id. Har Resp. 10, 21; 17, 37: Nep. Them. 8, 4; Liv. 29. 18, 2; 40, 4, 9; Gell. 4. 9. 9; Tac. A. 4, 55' esse in magnā caerimoniā. to be held in great veneration, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 135; also plur.: habere aliquid in caerimoniis. id. 37, 7, 28, § 100.—

Meton. (abstr. pro concr.), a religious usage, a sacred rite, religious ceremony (while ritus designates both religious and profane rites: so esp. freq. in the histt. and mostly in plur.): Ceres et Libera. quarum sacra... longe maximis atque occultissimis caerimoniis continentur. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 187: religiones vero caerimoniaeque omnium sacrorum fanorumque violatae. id. ib. 2. 1. 3. § 7: in sacerdotio caerimoniisque diligentissimus. id. Rab. Perd. 10, 27:

sepulcrorum,

id. Tusc. 1, 12, 27: caelestes. Liv 1, 20, 4 and 7' polluere. id. 6, 41, 9; Tac. H. 1, 2; Suet. Caes. 74: fetiales. Liv. 9, 11, 8:

auspiciaque,

id. 22, 9, 7; Flor. 1, 2, 2:

novae,

Tac. A. 1, 54: vetustissimae. id. ib. 1. 62:

deorum,

id. ib. 3, 60; 16, 28;

publicae,

id. H. 2, 91; Suet. Caes. 6: an tiquae. id. Aug. 31:

peregrinae, veteres ac praeceptae,

id. ib. 93:

externae,

id. Tib. 36. —In sing.:

collatis militaribus signis, quo more eorum gravissima caerimonia continetur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 2; Suet. Aug. 94 med.

custōdĭo, īvi, or ĭi, ītum, 4 ( fut. pass. custodibitur, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 71), v. a. [id.], to watch, protect, keep, defend, guard (freq. and class.).

In gen.

With material objects: Q. Caepio Brutus pro consule provinciam Macedoniam, tueatur, defendat, custodiat incolumemque conservet, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 26:

tuum corpus domumque,

id. Mil. 25, 67:

quod me receperit, juverit, custodierit,

id. Planc. 10, 26; cf.:

in meā salute custodiendā,

id. ib. 1, 1:

me non solum amicorum fidelitas, sed etiam universae civitatis oculi custodiunt,

id. Phil. 12, 9, 22:

ut haec insula ab eā (Cerere)... incoli custodirique videatur,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107:

urbes,

Quint. 7, 10, 13:

maritimam oram viginti navibus longis,

Liv. 36, 2, 11 (cf. tueri, id. 36, 2, 7):

officinam diligentiā,

Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 59:

castra nocte, ne quis elabi posset,

Liv. 9, 42, 6:

amictum,

Quint. 5, 14, 31:

poma in melle,

to lay up, preserve, Col. 12, 45, 3:

paries, qui laevum marinae Veneris latus Custodit,

Hor. C. 3, 26, 6:

tua,

id. S. 2, 3, 151:

hic stilus... me veluti custodiet ensis,

id. ib. 2, 1, 40.—Esp.: se, to be on the watch:

quanto se opere custodiant bestiae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 126:

fac ut diligentissime te ipsum custodias,

id. Att. 14, 17, A, 8.—

With ab:

Gortynii templum magnā curā custodiunt non tam a ceteris quam ab Hannibale,

Nep. Hann. 9, 4:

poma ab insomni dracone,

Ov. M. 9, 190:

cutem a vitiis,

Plin. 28, 8, 25, § 89.—

With immaterial objects (freq. in postAug. prose), to keep, preserve, regard, take heed, observe, maintain:

id quod tradatur posse percipere animo et memoriā custodire,

Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 127:

dicta litteris,

id. ib. 2, 2, 7; cf.:

ex his (arboribus) quas memoria hominum custodit,

Plin. 16, 44, 85, § 234:

illa quae scriptis reposuimus, velut custodire desinimus,

Quint. 11, 2, 9;

opp. mutare,

id. 12, 8, 6:

modum ubique,

id. 4, 2, 35:

regulam loquendi,

id. 1, 7, 1:

praecepta,

Col. 1, 8, 15:

eam rationem,

id. 4, 29, 11:

ordinem,

id. 12, 4, 1:

quae custodienda in olearam curā... praecipiemus,

Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 125:

morem,

id. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

religiose quod juraveris,

id. Pan. 65, 2 et saep.—

With ab:

teneriores annos ab injuriā sanctitas docentis custodiat,

Quint. 2, 2, 3.—

With ut or ne:

in aliis quoque propinquitatibus custodiendum est, ut inviti judicemur dixisse,

Quint. 11, 1, 66:

quo in genere id est praecipue custodiendum, ne, etc.,

id. 8, 3, 73; 8, 5, 7; Col. 4, 24, 11:

ut custoditum sit ne umquam veniret, etc.,

Suet. Tib. 7.—

With the access. idea of hindering free motion, in a good or bad sense.

In gen., to hold something back, to preserve, keep:

multorum te oculi et aures non sentientem... speculabuntur atque custodient,

Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 6:

aliquem, ne quid auferat,

to watch, observe, id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 51:

ejus (sc. epistulae) custodiendae et proferendae arbitrium tuum,

Cic. Att. 15, 13, 1:

librum,

id. Fam. 6, 5, 1:

codicillos,

Suet. Tib. 51:

prodit se quamlibet custodiatur simulatio,

Quint. 12, 1, 29.—

Esp., to hold in custody, hold captive:

noctu nervo vinctus custodibitur,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 71; Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 50:

ducem praedonum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 68:

obsides,

Caes. B. G. 6, 4:

Domitium,

id. B. C. 1, 20:

bovem,

Verg. A. 8, 218 et saep.—Hence, * cu-stōdītē, adv. (acc. to I.), cautiously, carefully:

ut parce custoditeque ludebat!

Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 3.

custōdĭo, īvi, or ĭi, ītum, 4 ( fut. pass. custodibitur, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 71), v. a. [id.], to watch, protect, keep, defend, guard (freq. and class.).

In gen.

With material objects: Q. Caepio Brutus pro consule provinciam Macedoniam, tueatur, defendat, custodiat incolumemque conservet, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 26:

tuum corpus domumque,

id. Mil. 25, 67:

quod me receperit, juverit, custodierit,

id. Planc. 10, 26; cf.:

in meā salute custodiendā,

id. ib. 1, 1:

me non solum amicorum fidelitas, sed etiam universae civitatis oculi custodiunt,

id. Phil. 12, 9, 22:

ut haec insula ab eā (Cerere)... incoli custodirique videatur,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107:

urbes,

Quint. 7, 10, 13:

maritimam oram viginti navibus longis,

Liv. 36, 2, 11 (cf. tueri, id. 36, 2, 7):

officinam diligentiā,

Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 59:

castra nocte, ne quis elabi posset,

Liv. 9, 42, 6:

amictum,

Quint. 5, 14, 31:

poma in melle,

to lay up, preserve, Col. 12, 45, 3:

paries, qui laevum marinae Veneris latus Custodit,

Hor. C. 3, 26, 6:

tua,

id. S. 2, 3, 151:

hic stilus... me veluti custodiet ensis,

id. ib. 2, 1, 40.—Esp.: se, to be on the watch:

quanto se opere custodiant bestiae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 126:

fac ut diligentissime te ipsum custodias,

id. Att. 14, 17, A, 8.—

With ab:

Gortynii templum magnā curā custodiunt non tam a ceteris quam ab Hannibale,

Nep. Hann. 9, 4:

poma ab insomni dracone,

Ov. M. 9, 190:

cutem a vitiis,

Plin. 28, 8, 25, § 89.—

With immaterial objects (freq. in postAug. prose), to keep, preserve, regard, take heed, observe, maintain:

id quod tradatur posse percipere animo et memoriā custodire,

Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 127:

dicta litteris,

id. ib. 2, 2, 7; cf.:

ex his (arboribus) quas memoria hominum custodit,

Plin. 16, 44, 85, § 234:

illa quae scriptis reposuimus, velut custodire desinimus,

Quint. 11, 2, 9;

opp. mutare,

id. 12, 8, 6:

modum ubique,

id. 4, 2, 35:

regulam loquendi,

id. 1, 7, 1:

praecepta,

Col. 1, 8, 15:

eam rationem,

id. 4, 29, 11:

ordinem,

id. 12, 4, 1:

quae custodienda in olearam curā... praecipiemus,

Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 125:

morem,

id. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

religiose quod juraveris,

id. Pan. 65, 2 et saep.—

With ab:

teneriores annos ab injuriā sanctitas docentis custodiat,

Quint. 2, 2, 3.—

With ut or ne:

in aliis quoque propinquitatibus custodiendum est, ut inviti judicemur dixisse,

Quint. 11, 1, 66:

quo in genere id est praecipue custodiendum, ne, etc.,

id. 8, 3, 73; 8, 5, 7; Col. 4, 24, 11:

ut custoditum sit ne umquam veniret, etc.,

Suet. Tib. 7.—

With the access. idea of hindering free motion, in a good or bad sense.

In gen., to hold something back, to preserve, keep:

multorum te oculi et aures non sentientem... speculabuntur atque custodient,

Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 6:

aliquem, ne quid auferat,

to watch, observe, id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 51:

ejus (sc. epistulae) custodiendae et proferendae arbitrium tuum,

Cic. Att. 15, 13, 1:

librum,

id. Fam. 6, 5, 1:

codicillos,

Suet. Tib. 51:

prodit se quamlibet custodiatur simulatio,

Quint. 12, 1, 29.—

Esp., to hold in custody, hold captive:

noctu nervo vinctus custodibitur,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 71; Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 50:

ducem praedonum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 68:

obsides,

Caes. B. G. 6, 4:

Domitium,

id. B. C. 1, 20:

bovem,

Verg. A. 8, 218 et saep.—Hence, * cu-stōdītē, adv. (acc. to I.), cautiously, carefully:

ut parce custoditeque ludebat!

Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 3.

mātrōna, ae, f. [id.], a married woman, wife, matron (whether she was in manu or not; consequently more general in its application than mater familias, which always denoted one who was in manu).

In gen.: matronam dictam esse proprie, quae in matrimonium cum viro convenisset, quoad in eo matrimonio maneret, etiamsi liberi nondum nati forent: dictamque esse ita a matris nomine non adepto jam sed cum spe et omine mox adipiscendi: unde ipsum quoque matrimonium dicitur;

matrem autem familias appellatam esse eam solam, quae in mariti manu mancipioque, aut in ejus, in cujus maritus, manu mancipicque esset: quoniam non in matrimonium tantum, sed in familiam quoque mariti, et in sui heredis locum venisset,

Gell. 18, 6, 8 and 9:

convocatis plebeis matronis,

Liv. 10, 23, 6.—Only rarely of a married woman, woman in general:

ut matronarum hic facta pernovit probe,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 30:

quae (dea) quia partus matronarum tueatur,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 47; cf.: et fetus matrona dabit, * Tib. 2, 5, 91:

cum prole matronisque nostris,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 27:

tyranni,

id. ib. 3, 2, 7: matronae muros complent, Enn. ap. Serv ad Verg. G. 1, 18 (Ann. v 376 Vahl.): tum muros variā cinxere coronā Matronae, * Verg. A. 11, 476: matronae tacitae spectent, tacitae rideant Plaut. Poen. prol. 32 [p. 1120] Suet. Ner. 27:

matronas prostratae pudicitiae,

id. Tib. 35:

dilectae adulter matronae,

Juv. 10, 319.—

Esp.

The word very early acquired the accessory idea of (moral or social) dignity, rank. Matronae is thus used even by Ennius of women of quality, ladies: matronae opulentae, optimates, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6 (Trag. v. 294 Vahl.); cf.

, in like manner, in Plautus: ubi istas videas summo genere natas Summates matronas,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 26;

so Cicero applies to the noble women carried off from the Sabines the term matronae,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:

matrona laris,

the lady of the house, Juv. 3, 110.—

With the accessory idea of estimable, virtuous, chaste, etc.: nominis matronae sanctitudinem, Afran. ap. Non. 174, 9:

eam hic ornatam adducas ad matronarum modum,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 196 Brix ad loc.; cf.:

matronarum sanctitas,

Cic. Cael. 13, 32:

VETERIS SANCTITATIS MATRONA,

Inscr. Orell. 2739. So opp. meretrix, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. Most. 1, 3, 33; id. Cas. 3, 3, 22:

ut matrona meretrici dispar erit atque Discolor,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 3; Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 48:

matronae praeter faciem nil cernere possis, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 94:

capitis matrona pudici,

Juv. 6, 49.—

Hence, an appellation of Juno:

hinc matrona Juno (stetit),

Hor. C. 3, 4, 59:

MATRONIS IVNONIBVS,

Inscr. Orell. 2085;

and of other protecting goddesses of places,

ib. 2081 sq. (But not of vestals; v. Drak. ad Liv. 29, 14, 12.)

Matrŏna, ae, m. (f., Aus. Mos. 462; Sid. Pan. 812), a river in Gaul, now the Marne, Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 2; Amm. 15, 11, 3; Aus. Mos. 462; Sid. Carm. 5, 208.

mātrōna, ae, f. [id.], a married woman, wife, matron (whether she was in manu or not; consequently more general in its application than mater familias, which always denoted one who was in manu).

In gen.: matronam dictam esse proprie, quae in matrimonium cum viro convenisset, quoad in eo matrimonio maneret, etiamsi liberi nondum nati forent: dictamque esse ita a matris nomine non adepto jam sed cum spe et omine mox adipiscendi: unde ipsum quoque matrimonium dicitur;

matrem autem familias appellatam esse eam solam, quae in mariti manu mancipioque, aut in ejus, in cujus maritus, manu mancipicque esset: quoniam non in matrimonium tantum, sed in familiam quoque mariti, et in sui heredis locum venisset,

Gell. 18, 6, 8 and 9:

convocatis plebeis matronis,

Liv. 10, 23, 6.—Only rarely of a married woman, woman in general:

ut matronarum hic facta pernovit probe,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 30:

quae (dea) quia partus matronarum tueatur,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 47; cf.: et fetus matrona dabit, * Tib. 2, 5, 91:

cum prole matronisque nostris,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 27:

tyranni,

id. ib. 3, 2, 7: matronae muros complent, Enn. ap. Serv ad Verg. G. 1, 18 (Ann. v 376 Vahl.): tum muros variā cinxere coronā Matronae, * Verg. A. 11, 476: matronae tacitae spectent, tacitae rideant Plaut. Poen. prol. 32 [p. 1120] Suet. Ner. 27:

matronas prostratae pudicitiae,

id. Tib. 35:

dilectae adulter matronae,

Juv. 10, 319.—

Esp.

The word very early acquired the accessory idea of (moral or social) dignity, rank. Matronae is thus used even by Ennius of women of quality, ladies: matronae opulentae, optimates, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6 (Trag. v. 294 Vahl.); cf.

, in like manner, in Plautus: ubi istas videas summo genere natas Summates matronas,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 26;

so Cicero applies to the noble women carried off from the Sabines the term matronae,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:

matrona laris,

the lady of the house, Juv. 3, 110.—

With the accessory idea of estimable, virtuous, chaste, etc.: nominis matronae sanctitudinem, Afran. ap. Non. 174, 9:

eam hic ornatam adducas ad matronarum modum,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 196 Brix ad loc.; cf.:

matronarum sanctitas,

Cic. Cael. 13, 32:

VETERIS SANCTITATIS MATRONA,

Inscr. Orell. 2739. So opp. meretrix, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. Most. 1, 3, 33; id. Cas. 3, 3, 22:

ut matrona meretrici dispar erit atque Discolor,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 3; Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 48:

matronae praeter faciem nil cernere possis, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 94:

capitis matrona pudici,

Juv. 6, 49.—

Hence, an appellation of Juno:

hinc matrona Juno (stetit),

Hor. C. 3, 4, 59:

MATRONIS IVNONIBVS,

Inscr. Orell. 2085;

and of other protecting goddesses of places,

ib. 2081 sq. (But not of vestals; v. Drak. ad Liv. 29, 14, 12.)

Matrŏna, ae, m. (f., Aus. Mos. 462; Sid. Pan. 812), a river in Gaul, now the Marne, Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 2; Amm. 15, 11, 3; Aus. Mos. 462; Sid. Carm. 5, 208.

rĕlĭgĭo (in poetry also rellĭgĭo, to lengthen the first syllable), ōnis, f. [Concerning the etymology of this word, various opinions were prevalent among the ancients. Cicero (N. D. 2, 28, 72) derives it from relĕgere, an etymology favored by the verse cited ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1, religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas; whereas Servius (ad Verg. A. 8, 349), Lactantius (4, 28), Augustine (Retract. 1, 13), al., assume religare as the primitive, and for this derivation Lactantius cites the expression of Lucretius (1, 931; 4, 7): religionum nodis animos exsolvere. Modern etymologists mostly agree with this latter view, assuming as root lig, to bind, whence also lic-tor, lex, and ligare; hence, religio sometimes means the same as obligatio; v. Corss. Aussprache, 1, 444 sq.; cf. Munro ad Lucr. 1, 109.]

Reverence for God ( the gods), the fear of God, connected with a careful pondering of divine things; piety, religion, both pure inward piety and that which is manifested in religious rites and ceremonies;

hence the rites and ceremonies, as well as the entire system of religion and worship, the res divinae or sacrae, were frequently called religio or religiones (cf. our use of the word religion): qui omnia, quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, ut elegantes ex elegendo, tamquam a diligendo diligentes, ex intellegendo intellegentes: his enim in verbis omnibus inest vis legendi eadem, quae in religioso,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72:

religione id est cultu deorum,

id. ib. 2, 3, 8:

religio est, quae superioris cujusdam naturae (quam divinam vocant) curam caerimoniamque affert,

id. Inv. 2, 53, 161:

(Pompilius) animos ardentes consuetudine et cupiditate bellandi religionum caeremoniis mitigavit, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 14, 26;

with which cf.: illa diuturna pax Numae mater huic urbi juris et religionis fuit,

id. ib. 5, 2, 3:

de auguriis, responsis, religione denique omni,

Quint. 12, 2, 21:

unde enim pietas? aut a quibus religio?

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2; cf. id. Leg. 2, 11, 26:

aliquem a pietate, religione deducere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12:

horum sententiae omnium non modo superstitionem tollunt, in quā inest timor inanis deorum, sed etiam religionem, quae deorum cultu pio continetur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 42, 117:

quis enim istas (Democriti) imagines... aut cultu aut religione dignas judicare?

id. ib. 1, 43, 121; cf.:

cum animus cultum deorum et puram religionem susceperit,

id. Leg. 1, 23, 60:

sacra Cereris summa majores nostri religione confici caerimoniaque voluerunt,

id. Balb. 24, 55; cf. id. Leg. 2, 22, 55:

in quibus erant omnia, quae sceleri propiora sunt quam religioni,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

nec vero superstitione tollenda religio tollitur,

id. Div. 2, 72, 148; cf. id. Part. 23, 31:

medemini religioni sociorum, judices, conservate vestram. Neque enim haec externa vobis est religio (sc. Cereris) neque aliena, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 114:

istorum religio sacrorum,

id. Fl. 28, 69; id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 8, §

18: religio deorum immortalium,

id. Lael. 25, 96; cf.:

per deos immortales! eos ipsos, de quorum religione jam diu dicimus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:

religio divum,

Lucr. 6, 1276:

mira quaedam totā Siciliā privatim ac publice religio est Cereris Hennensis... quantam esse religionem convenit eorum, apud quos eam (Cererem) natam esse constat?... tanta erit enim auctoritas illius religionis, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

99: qui (Mercurius) apud eos summā religione coleretur,

id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 84; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 85;

2, 4, 44, § 96: (simulacrum Dianae) translatum Carthaginem locum tantum hominesque mutarat: religionem quidem pristinam conservabat,

id. ib. 2, 4, 33, § 72; cf.

, of the same,

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, §

78: fanum Junonis tantā religione semper fuit, ut... semper inviolatum sanctumque fuit,

enjoyed such honor, was held in such reverence, id. ib. 2, 4, 46, § 103;

2, 4, 58, § 129: hac (panacea) evulsā scrobem repleri vario genere frugum religio est,

is a religious custom, Plin. 25, 4, 11, § 30; cf.:

et obrui tales religio est,

id. 30, 5, 14, § 42:

hi (barbari) ignari totius negotii ac religionis,

of religious belief, of religion, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf.:

venit mihi fani, loci, religionis illius in mentem,

id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §

110: de religione queri,

id. ib. 2, 4, 51, § 113.—In late and eccl. Lat., a religious ordinance, ceremony, rite:

quae est ista religio?

Vulg. Exod. 12, 26:

ista est religio victimae,

id. Num. 19, 2.—In plur.:

expertes religionum omnium,

Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 119:

qui in bello religionum et consuetudinis jura continent,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; cf.:

a quibus (rebus) etiam oculos cohibere te religionum jura cogebant,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: religiones expiare,

id. Mil. 27, 73:

ceterae (nationes) pro religionibus suis bella suscipiunt, istae contra omnium religiones,

id. Font. 9, 30: Druides religiones interpretantur, religious matters, religion, Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

scientia morum ac religionum ejus rei publicae,

Quint. 12, 3, 1:

civitas religionibus dedita,

Plin. Pan. 74, 5:

liberum a religionibus matutinum,

Col. 6, 2, 3.

Transf.

Subject., conscientiousness, scrupulousness arising from religion, religious scruples, scruples of conscience, religious awe, etc. (cf. sanctimonia):

refrenatus religione,

Lucr. 5, 1114:

oppressa gravi sub religione vita,

id. 1, 64:

sese cum summā religione, tum summo metu legum et judiciorum teneri,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75; cf.:

ut eam non metus, non religio contineret,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: memini perturbari exercitum nostrum religione et metu, quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

id. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

tantā religione obstricta tota provincia est, tanta superstitio ex istius facto mentes omnium Siculorum occupavit, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 113; cf.:

obstrinxisti religione populum Romanum,

id. Phil. 2, 33, 83:

recitatis litteris oblata religio Cornuto est, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

ad oblatam aliquam religionem,

id. Agr. 1, 2, 5:

non recordabantur, quam parvulae saepe causae vel falsae suspicionis vel terroris repentini vel objectae religionis magna detrimenta intulissent,

Caes. B. C. 3, 72:

obicere religionem,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 40; cf.:

inicere religionem alicui,

Cic. Caecin. 33, 97:

vide ne quid Catulus attulerit religionis,

id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:

Gracchus cum rem illam in religionem populo venisse sentiret, ad senatum retulit,

id. N. D. 2, 4, 10:

nec eam rem habuit religioni,

id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

ut quae religio C. Mario non fuerat, quo minus C. Glauciam praetorem occideret, eā nos religione in privato P. Lentulo puniendo liberaremur,

id. Cat. 3, 6, 15:

tunc quoque, ne confestim bellum indiceretur, religio obstitit,

Liv. 4, 30:

cum ibi quoque religio obstaret, ne, etc... augures consulti eam religionem eximere,

id. 4, 31:

cum plenā religione civitas esset,

id. 7, 28; 21, 62:

nihil esse mihi, religio'st dicere,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; cf.:

ut velut numine aliquo defensa castra oppugnare iterum, religio fuerit,

Liv. 2, 62; 6, 27:

rivos deducere nulla Religio vetuit (with fas et jura sinunt),

Verg. G. 1, 270:

nulla mihi Religio est,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 71:

nullā religione, ut scelus tegat, posse constrin gi,

Curt. 6, 7, 7:

quosdam religio ceperit ulterius quicquam eo die conandi,

Liv. 28, 15; cf.:

movendi inde thesauros incussa erat religio,

id. 29, 18:

religio fuit, denegare nolui,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 71.—In plur.: non demunt animis curas ac religiones Persarum montes, Varr. ap. Non. 379, 11:

artis Religionum animum nodis exsolvere,

Lucr. 1, 932; 4, 7:

religionibus atque minis obsistere vatum,

id. 1, 109:

plerique novas sibi ex loco religiones fingunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

natio est omnis Gallorum admodum dedita religionibus,

id. ib. 6, 16:

religionibus impediri,

id. ib. 5, 6; Auct. B. Alex. 74; Phaedr. 4, 10, 4:

plenis religionum animis, prodigia insuper nunciata,

Liv. 41, 16:

nullus locus non religionum deorumque est plenus,

id. 5, 52, 2:

pontifices flaminesque neglegentiores publicarum religionum esse,

id. 5, 52, 5.—

Meton. ( effect. pro causā), a religious offence, giving rise to scruples of conscience:

ut si profectus non esset, nullā tamen mendacii religione obstrictus videretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11:

liberaret religione templum,

Liv. 45, 5:

se domumque religione exsolvere,

id. 5, 23.—In plur.:

inexpiabiles religiones in rem publicam inducere,

Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13.—

In partic.: religio jurisjurandi, or absol., scrupulousness in the fulfilment of an oath, the obligation of an oath, plighted faith:

religione jurisjurandi ac metu deorum in testimoniis dicendis commoveri,

Cic. Font. 9, 20; so,

jurisjurandi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 3, 28; cf.:

nec Achaeos religione obstringerent,

Liv. 39, 37; Just. 1, 9, 18; 18, 6, 11. — Absol., Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

nocturna proelia esse vitanda, quod perterritus miles in civili dissensione timori magis quam religioni consulere consuerit,

id. ib. 1, 67:

religionem servare,

Nep. Ages. 2, 5.—

In gen., a strict scrupulousness, anxiety, punctiliousness, conscientiousness, exactness, etc.: Atheniensium semper fuit prudens sincerumque judicium, nihil ut possent nisi incorruptum audire et elegans. Eorum religioni cum serviret orator, nullum verbum insolens, [p. 1557] nullum odiosum ponere audebat, Cic. Or. 8, 25; cf. id. ib. 11, 36; id. Brut. 82, 283:

fide et religione vitae defendi,

id. Deiot. 6, 16; cf.:

propter fidem et religionem judicis,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 45; and:

testimoniorum religionem et fidem,

id. Fl. 4, 9:

homo sine ullā religione ac fide,

Nep. Chabr. 8, 2:

sin est in me ratio rei publicae, religio privati officii, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 3, 10; so,

officii,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:

religio in consilio dando,

id. Fam. 11, 29, 1:

alicujus facta ad antiquae religionis rationem exquirere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10; so,

antiqua,

id. Caecin. 10, 28:

nefas est religionem decipi judicantis,

Amm. 30, 4, 10.—In plur.:

judicum religiones,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 31.—

Object.

Abstr., the holiness, sacredness, sanctity inhering in any religious object (a deity, temple, utensils, etc.; cf.

sanctitas): quae (fortissimorum civium mentes) mihi videntur ex hominum vitā ad deorum religionem et sanctimoniam demigrasse,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 30:

propter singularem ejus fani religionem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 96:

in sacerdotibus tanta offusa oculis animoque religio,

Liv. 2, 40, 3; so,

fani,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 110; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

sacrarii,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5:

templorum,

Tac. H. 1, 40:

signi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127:

jam tum religio pavidos terrebat agrestes Dira loci,

Verg. A. 8, 349.—

Concr., an object of religious veneration, a sacred place or thing:

uno tempore Agrigentini beneficium Africani (sc. signum Apollinis), religionem domesticam, ornamentum urbis, etc.... requirebant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93; cf.:

religionem restituere,

id. ib. 2, 4, 36, §

80: sacrorum omnium et religionum hostis praedoque,

id. ib.; cf.:

praedo religionum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 43, §

95: quem tibi deum tantis eorum religionibus violatis auxilio futurum putas?

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; cf.:

est sceleris, quod religiones maximas violavit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 41, § 88.— Poet.:

quae religio aut quae machina belli, of the Trojan horse,

Verg. A. 2, 151.—

A system of religious belief, a religion (late Lat.):

Christiana,

Christianity, Eutr. 10, 16 fin.; Leo M. Serm. 66, 2 init.:

Christianam religionem absolutam et simplicem anili superstitione confundens,

Amm. 21, 16, 18; Lact. 5, 2, 8.

rĕlĭgĭo (in poetry also rellĭgĭo, to lengthen the first syllable), ōnis, f. [Concerning the etymology of this word, various opinions were prevalent among the ancients. Cicero (N. D. 2, 28, 72) derives it from relĕgere, an etymology favored by the verse cited ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1, religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas; whereas Servius (ad Verg. A. 8, 349), Lactantius (4, 28), Augustine (Retract. 1, 13), al., assume religare as the primitive, and for this derivation Lactantius cites the expression of Lucretius (1, 931; 4, 7): religionum nodis animos exsolvere. Modern etymologists mostly agree with this latter view, assuming as root lig, to bind, whence also lic-tor, lex, and ligare; hence, religio sometimes means the same as obligatio; v. Corss. Aussprache, 1, 444 sq.; cf. Munro ad Lucr. 1, 109.]

Reverence for God ( the gods), the fear of God, connected with a careful pondering of divine things; piety, religion, both pure inward piety and that which is manifested in religious rites and ceremonies;

hence the rites and ceremonies, as well as the entire system of religion and worship, the res divinae or sacrae, were frequently called religio or religiones (cf. our use of the word religion): qui omnia, quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, ut elegantes ex elegendo, tamquam a diligendo diligentes, ex intellegendo intellegentes: his enim in verbis omnibus inest vis legendi eadem, quae in religioso,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72:

religione id est cultu deorum,

id. ib. 2, 3, 8:

religio est, quae superioris cujusdam naturae (quam divinam vocant) curam caerimoniamque affert,

id. Inv. 2, 53, 161:

(Pompilius) animos ardentes consuetudine et cupiditate bellandi religionum caeremoniis mitigavit, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 14, 26;

with which cf.: illa diuturna pax Numae mater huic urbi juris et religionis fuit,

id. ib. 5, 2, 3:

de auguriis, responsis, religione denique omni,

Quint. 12, 2, 21:

unde enim pietas? aut a quibus religio?

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2; cf. id. Leg. 2, 11, 26:

aliquem a pietate, religione deducere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12:

horum sententiae omnium non modo superstitionem tollunt, in quā inest timor inanis deorum, sed etiam religionem, quae deorum cultu pio continetur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 42, 117:

quis enim istas (Democriti) imagines... aut cultu aut religione dignas judicare?

id. ib. 1, 43, 121; cf.:

cum animus cultum deorum et puram religionem susceperit,

id. Leg. 1, 23, 60:

sacra Cereris summa majores nostri religione confici caerimoniaque voluerunt,

id. Balb. 24, 55; cf. id. Leg. 2, 22, 55:

in quibus erant omnia, quae sceleri propiora sunt quam religioni,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

nec vero superstitione tollenda religio tollitur,

id. Div. 2, 72, 148; cf. id. Part. 23, 31:

medemini religioni sociorum, judices, conservate vestram. Neque enim haec externa vobis est religio (sc. Cereris) neque aliena, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 114:

istorum religio sacrorum,

id. Fl. 28, 69; id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 8, §

18: religio deorum immortalium,

id. Lael. 25, 96; cf.:

per deos immortales! eos ipsos, de quorum religione jam diu dicimus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:

religio divum,

Lucr. 6, 1276:

mira quaedam totā Siciliā privatim ac publice religio est Cereris Hennensis... quantam esse religionem convenit eorum, apud quos eam (Cererem) natam esse constat?... tanta erit enim auctoritas illius religionis, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

99: qui (Mercurius) apud eos summā religione coleretur,

id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 84; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 85;

2, 4, 44, § 96: (simulacrum Dianae) translatum Carthaginem locum tantum hominesque mutarat: religionem quidem pristinam conservabat,

id. ib. 2, 4, 33, § 72; cf.

, of the same,

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, §

78: fanum Junonis tantā religione semper fuit, ut... semper inviolatum sanctumque fuit,

enjoyed such honor, was held in such reverence, id. ib. 2, 4, 46, § 103;

2, 4, 58, § 129: hac (panacea) evulsā scrobem repleri vario genere frugum religio est,

is a religious custom, Plin. 25, 4, 11, § 30; cf.:

et obrui tales religio est,

id. 30, 5, 14, § 42:

hi (barbari) ignari totius negotii ac religionis,

of religious belief, of religion, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf.:

venit mihi fani, loci, religionis illius in mentem,

id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §

110: de religione queri,

id. ib. 2, 4, 51, § 113.—In late and eccl. Lat., a religious ordinance, ceremony, rite:

quae est ista religio?

Vulg. Exod. 12, 26:

ista est religio victimae,

id. Num. 19, 2.—In plur.:

expertes religionum omnium,

Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 119:

qui in bello religionum et consuetudinis jura continent,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; cf.:

a quibus (rebus) etiam oculos cohibere te religionum jura cogebant,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: religiones expiare,

id. Mil. 27, 73:

ceterae (nationes) pro religionibus suis bella suscipiunt, istae contra omnium religiones,

id. Font. 9, 30: Druides religiones interpretantur, religious matters, religion, Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

scientia morum ac religionum ejus rei publicae,

Quint. 12, 3, 1:

civitas religionibus dedita,

Plin. Pan. 74, 5:

liberum a religionibus matutinum,

Col. 6, 2, 3.

Transf.

Subject., conscientiousness, scrupulousness arising from religion, religious scruples, scruples of conscience, religious awe, etc. (cf. sanctimonia):

refrenatus religione,

Lucr. 5, 1114:

oppressa gravi sub religione vita,

id. 1, 64:

sese cum summā religione, tum summo metu legum et judiciorum teneri,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75; cf.:

ut eam non metus, non religio contineret,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: memini perturbari exercitum nostrum religione et metu, quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

id. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

tantā religione obstricta tota provincia est, tanta superstitio ex istius facto mentes omnium Siculorum occupavit, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 113; cf.:

obstrinxisti religione populum Romanum,

id. Phil. 2, 33, 83:

recitatis litteris oblata religio Cornuto est, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

ad oblatam aliquam religionem,

id. Agr. 1, 2, 5:

non recordabantur, quam parvulae saepe causae vel falsae suspicionis vel terroris repentini vel objectae religionis magna detrimenta intulissent,

Caes. B. C. 3, 72:

obicere religionem,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 40; cf.:

inicere religionem alicui,

Cic. Caecin. 33, 97:

vide ne quid Catulus attulerit religionis,

id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:

Gracchus cum rem illam in religionem populo venisse sentiret, ad senatum retulit,

id. N. D. 2, 4, 10:

nec eam rem habuit religioni,

id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

ut quae religio C. Mario non fuerat, quo minus C. Glauciam praetorem occideret, eā nos religione in privato P. Lentulo puniendo liberaremur,

id. Cat. 3, 6, 15:

tunc quoque, ne confestim bellum indiceretur, religio obstitit,

Liv. 4, 30:

cum ibi quoque religio obstaret, ne, etc... augures consulti eam religionem eximere,

id. 4, 31:

cum plenā religione civitas esset,

id. 7, 28; 21, 62:

nihil esse mihi, religio'st dicere,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; cf.:

ut velut numine aliquo defensa castra oppugnare iterum, religio fuerit,

Liv. 2, 62; 6, 27:

rivos deducere nulla Religio vetuit (with fas et jura sinunt),

Verg. G. 1, 270:

nulla mihi Religio est,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 71:

nullā religione, ut scelus tegat, posse constrin gi,

Curt. 6, 7, 7:

quosdam religio ceperit ulterius quicquam eo die conandi,

Liv. 28, 15; cf.:

movendi inde thesauros incussa erat religio,

id. 29, 18:

religio fuit, denegare nolui,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 71.—In plur.: non demunt animis curas ac religiones Persarum montes, Varr. ap. Non. 379, 11:

artis Religionum animum nodis exsolvere,

Lucr. 1, 932; 4, 7:

religionibus atque minis obsistere vatum,

id. 1, 109:

plerique novas sibi ex loco religiones fingunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

natio est omnis Gallorum admodum dedita religionibus,

id. ib. 6, 16:

religionibus impediri,

id. ib. 5, 6; Auct. B. Alex. 74; Phaedr. 4, 10, 4:

plenis religionum animis, prodigia insuper nunciata,

Liv. 41, 16:

nullus locus non religionum deorumque est plenus,

id. 5, 52, 2:

pontifices flaminesque neglegentiores publicarum religionum esse,

id. 5, 52, 5.—

Meton. ( effect. pro causā), a religious offence, giving rise to scruples of conscience:

ut si profectus non esset, nullā tamen mendacii religione obstrictus videretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11:

liberaret religione templum,

Liv. 45, 5:

se domumque religione exsolvere,

id. 5, 23.—In plur.:

inexpiabiles religiones in rem publicam inducere,

Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13.—

In partic.: religio jurisjurandi, or absol., scrupulousness in the fulfilment of an oath, the obligation of an oath, plighted faith:

religione jurisjurandi ac metu deorum in testimoniis dicendis commoveri,

Cic. Font. 9, 20; so,

jurisjurandi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 3, 28; cf.:

nec Achaeos religione obstringerent,

Liv. 39, 37; Just. 1, 9, 18; 18, 6, 11. — Absol., Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

nocturna proelia esse vitanda, quod perterritus miles in civili dissensione timori magis quam religioni consulere consuerit,

id. ib. 1, 67:

religionem servare,

Nep. Ages. 2, 5.—

In gen., a strict scrupulousness, anxiety, punctiliousness, conscientiousness, exactness, etc.: Atheniensium semper fuit prudens sincerumque judicium, nihil ut possent nisi incorruptum audire et elegans. Eorum religioni cum serviret orator, nullum verbum insolens, [p. 1557] nullum odiosum ponere audebat, Cic. Or. 8, 25; cf. id. ib. 11, 36; id. Brut. 82, 283:

fide et religione vitae defendi,

id. Deiot. 6, 16; cf.:

propter fidem et religionem judicis,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 45; and:

testimoniorum religionem et fidem,

id. Fl. 4, 9:

homo sine ullā religione ac fide,

Nep. Chabr. 8, 2:

sin est in me ratio rei publicae, religio privati officii, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 3, 10; so,

officii,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:

religio in consilio dando,

id. Fam. 11, 29, 1:

alicujus facta ad antiquae religionis rationem exquirere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10; so,

antiqua,

id. Caecin. 10, 28:

nefas est religionem decipi judicantis,

Amm. 30, 4, 10.—In plur.:

judicum religiones,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 31.—

Object.

Abstr., the holiness, sacredness, sanctity inhering in any religious object (a deity, temple, utensils, etc.; cf.

sanctitas): quae (fortissimorum civium mentes) mihi videntur ex hominum vitā ad deorum religionem et sanctimoniam demigrasse,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 30:

propter singularem ejus fani religionem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 96:

in sacerdotibus tanta offusa oculis animoque religio,

Liv. 2, 40, 3; so,

fani,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 110; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

sacrarii,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5:

templorum,

Tac. H. 1, 40:

signi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127:

jam tum religio pavidos terrebat agrestes Dira loci,

Verg. A. 8, 349.—

Concr., an object of religious veneration, a sacred place or thing:

uno tempore Agrigentini beneficium Africani (sc. signum Apollinis), religionem domesticam, ornamentum urbis, etc.... requirebant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93; cf.:

religionem restituere,

id. ib. 2, 4, 36, §

80: sacrorum omnium et religionum hostis praedoque,

id. ib.; cf.:

praedo religionum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 43, §

95: quem tibi deum tantis eorum religionibus violatis auxilio futurum putas?

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; cf.:

est sceleris, quod religiones maximas violavit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 41, § 88.— Poet.:

quae religio aut quae machina belli, of the Trojan horse,

Verg. A. 2, 151.—

A system of religious belief, a religion (late Lat.):

Christiana,

Christianity, Eutr. 10, 16 fin.; Leo M. Serm. 66, 2 init.:

Christianam religionem absolutam et simplicem anili superstitione confundens,

Amm. 21, 16, 18; Lact. 5, 2, 8.

sanctĭtūdo, ĭnis, f. [sanctus].

Mostly ante-class. for sanctitas, sacredness, sanctity: Jovis, Att. ap. Non. 173, 33:

Apollinis,

Turp. ib. 174, 5:

nominis matronae sanctitudinem,

Afran. ib. 174, 9: fani, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 19 sq.: sepulturae, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Non. 174, 7 (4, 8 Mos.).—In plur., Att. ap. Non. 174, 2.—

In the postclass. per., transf., uprightness, purity, Capitol. Ver. 8:

domum tuam decet sanctitudo, Domine,

Vulg. Psa. 92, 5.