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1 Crælius, Per Anton
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 2 November 1854 Stockholm, Swedend. 7 August 1905 Stockholm, Sweden[br]Swedish mining engineer, inventor of the core drilling technique for prospecting purposes.[br]Having completed his studies at the Technological Institute in Stockholm and the Mining School at Falun, Crælius was awarded a grant by the Swedish Jernkontoret and in 1879 he travelled to Germany, France and Belgium in order to study technological aspects of the mining, iron and steel industries. In the same year he went to the United States, where he worked with an iron works in Colorado and a mining company in Nevada. In 1884, having returned to Sweden, he obtained an appointment in the Norberg mines; two years later, he took up employment at the Ängelsberg oilmill.His mining experience had shown him the demand for a reliable, handy and cheap method of drilling, particularly for prospecting purposes. He had become acquainted with modern drilling methods in America, possibly including Albert Fauck's drilling jar. In 1886, Crælius designed his first small-diameter drill, which was assembled in one unit. Its rotating boring rod, smooth on the outside, was fixed inside a hollow mandrel which could be turned in any direction. This first drill was hand-driven, but the hydraulic version of it became the prototype for all near-surface prospecting drills in use worldwide in the late twentieth century.Between 1890 and 1900 Crælius was managing director of the Morgårdshammar mechanical workshops, where he was able to continue the development of his drilling apparatus. He successfully applied diesel engines in the 1890s, and in 1895 he added diamond crowns to the drill. The commercial exploitation of the invention was carried out by Svenska Diamantbergborrings AB, of which Crælius was a director from its establishment in 1886.[br]Further ReadingG.Glockemeier, 1913, Diamantbohrungen für Schürf-und Aufschlußarbeiten über und unter Tage, Berlin (examines the technological aspects of Crælius's drilling method).A.Nachmanson and K.Sundberg, 1936, Svenska Diamantbergborrings Aktiebolaget 1886–1936, Uppsala (outlines extensively the merits of Crælius's invention).See also: Fauvelle, Pierre-PascalWK -
2 Laelia
Laelĭus, a, name of a Roman gens.— So esp.,1.C. Lælius, a friend of Scipio Africanus: in quo Laeliu' clamores, sophos ille, solebat Edere, Lucil. ap. Cic. de Fin. 2, 8, 24; cf.:2.nec dubitare illum (C. Laelium) in omni sermone appellare sapientem,
Cic. Lael. 1, 1; id. Brut. 21, 82; cf. Hor. S. 2, 1, 65; 72. Cicero's treatise on Friendship is named after him.—D. Lælius, a writer of moderate abilities, Lucil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 6, 25.—3.Another D. Lælius, perh. a son of the preceding, an adherent of Pompey, Caes. B. C. 3, 40.—In fem.: Laelĭa, ae, daughter of C. Lælius, and mother-in-law of L. Crassus, celebrated for her intellectual culiure, Cic. Brut. 58, 211.—Another Lælia, a Vestal, Tac. A. 15, 22.—Hence, Laelĭā-nus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Lælius, Lælian: naves, i. e. of Pompey's commander, D. Lælius, Caes. B. C. 3, 100, 2. -
3 Laelianus
Laelĭus, a, name of a Roman gens.— So esp.,1.C. Lælius, a friend of Scipio Africanus: in quo Laeliu' clamores, sophos ille, solebat Edere, Lucil. ap. Cic. de Fin. 2, 8, 24; cf.:2.nec dubitare illum (C. Laelium) in omni sermone appellare sapientem,
Cic. Lael. 1, 1; id. Brut. 21, 82; cf. Hor. S. 2, 1, 65; 72. Cicero's treatise on Friendship is named after him.—D. Lælius, a writer of moderate abilities, Lucil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 6, 25.—3.Another D. Lælius, perh. a son of the preceding, an adherent of Pompey, Caes. B. C. 3, 40.—In fem.: Laelĭa, ae, daughter of C. Lælius, and mother-in-law of L. Crassus, celebrated for her intellectual culiure, Cic. Brut. 58, 211.—Another Lælia, a Vestal, Tac. A. 15, 22.—Hence, Laelĭā-nus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Lælius, Lælian: naves, i. e. of Pompey's commander, D. Lælius, Caes. B. C. 3, 100, 2. -
4 Laelius
Laelĭus, a, name of a Roman gens.— So esp.,1.C. Lælius, a friend of Scipio Africanus: in quo Laeliu' clamores, sophos ille, solebat Edere, Lucil. ap. Cic. de Fin. 2, 8, 24; cf.:2.nec dubitare illum (C. Laelium) in omni sermone appellare sapientem,
Cic. Lael. 1, 1; id. Brut. 21, 82; cf. Hor. S. 2, 1, 65; 72. Cicero's treatise on Friendship is named after him.—D. Lælius, a writer of moderate abilities, Lucil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 6, 25.—3.Another D. Lælius, perh. a son of the preceding, an adherent of Pompey, Caes. B. C. 3, 40.—In fem.: Laelĭa, ae, daughter of C. Lælius, and mother-in-law of L. Crassus, celebrated for her intellectual culiure, Cic. Brut. 58, 211.—Another Lælia, a Vestal, Tac. A. 15, 22.—Hence, Laelĭā-nus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Lælius, Lælian: naves, i. e. of Pompey's commander, D. Lælius, Caes. B. C. 3, 100, 2. -
5 Aelianus
Aelĭānus, a, um, adj., originating from an Ælius:oratiunculae,
composed by the Stoic philosopher L. Ælius, Cic. Brut. 56 fin.:studia, of the same,
id. de Or. 1, 43, 193: jus, a code of laws, now lost, compiled by Sext. Ælius Pœtus, in the sixth century A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 7; cf. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 114. -
6 Maeliani
Maelĭus, a, the name of a Roman gens, of which the most celebrated member is Sp. Maelius, who, under suspicion of aiming at kingly power, was slain, at the command of the dictator L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, by the magister equitum C. Servilius Ahala, Liv. 4, 13 sq.; Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3; id. Sen. 16, 56; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; cf. Aequimaelium.—Hence,II.Maelĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Mælius, Mælian: caedes, i. e. the murder of Sp. Maelius, Liv. 4, 16.— Subst.: Maelĭāni, ōrum, m., the partisans of Mælius, Mælians, Liv. 4, 14. -
7 Maelius
Maelĭus, a, the name of a Roman gens, of which the most celebrated member is Sp. Maelius, who, under suspicion of aiming at kingly power, was slain, at the command of the dictator L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, by the magister equitum C. Servilius Ahala, Liv. 4, 13 sq.; Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3; id. Sen. 16, 56; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; cf. Aequimaelium.—Hence,II.Maelĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Mælius, Mælian: caedes, i. e. the murder of Sp. Maelius, Liv. 4, 16.— Subst.: Maelĭāni, ōrum, m., the partisans of Mælius, Mælians, Liv. 4, 14. -
8 móna
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9 Лактанций, Люций Целий Фирман
(ок. 250-325; христ. апологет, церк. писатель) Lactantius, Lucius Cae(ci)lius FirmianusРусско-английский словарь религиозной лексики > Лактанций, Люций Целий Фирман
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10 adopto
I.In gen.:II.sociam te mihi adopto ad meam salutem,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 78:qui manstutorem me adoptavit bonis,
who has chosen me as a guardian of his property, id. Truc. 4, 4, 6:quem sibi illa (provincia) defensorem sui juris adoptavit,
Cic. Div. in Caecin. 16 fin.: eum sibi patronum, id ib. 20, 64: quem potius adoptem aut invocem, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 9: Frater, Pater, adde; Ut cuique est aetas, ita quemque facetus adopta (i. e. adscisce, adjunge, sc. tuo alloquio, Cruqu.), make him by thy greeting a father, brother, etc., i. e. call him, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 55:Etruscas Turnus adoptat opes,
strives after, Ov. F. 4, 880.—Hence: adoptare se alicui, to give or attach one's self to:qui se potentiae causā Caesaris libertis adoptāsset,
Plin. 12, 1, 5, § 12.—Esp. as t. t., to take one in the place of a child or grandchild, to adopt (diff. from arrogo; v. adoptio).A.Lit., constr. with aliquem, also with ab aliquo aliquem (from the real father, a patre naturali), Plaut. Poen. prol. 74 (cf. id. ib. 4, 2, 82):B.adoptat illum puerum subreptitium sibi filium,
id. Men. prol. 60:filium senatorem populum Romanum sibi velle adoptare,
Cic. Dom. 14:adoptatus patricius a plebeio,
id. Att. 7, 7:is qui hunc minorem Scipionem a Paulo adoptavit,
id. Brut. 19, 77:adoptavit eum heredemque fecit ex dodrante,
Nep. Att. 5, 2:adoptatus testamento,
Suet. Tib. 6: adoptari a se Pisonem pronuntiat, Tac. H. 1, 18:Pisonem pro contione adoptavit,
Suet. Galb. 17:quem illa adoptavit,
Vulg. Exod. 2, 10.—With in and acc.:in regnum,
Sall. J. 22, 3:in familiam nomenque,
Suet. Caes. 83:in successionem,
Just. 9, 2.—Fig.:servi in bona libertatis nostrae adoptantur,
are, as it were, adopted into freedom, are made participants of freedom, Flor. 3, 20;and of ingrafting (cf. adoptivus): venerit insitio: fac ramum ramus adoptet,
Ov. R. Am. 195; so Col. 10, 38. Those who were adopted commonly received the family name of the adoptive father, with the ending -anus, e. g. Aemilianus, Pomponianus, etc.—Hence Cic. says ironic. of one who appropriated to himself the name of another:ipse se adoptat: et C. Stalenus, qui se ipse adoptaverat et de Staleno Aelium fecerat,
had changed himself from a Stalenus to an Ælius, Brut. 68, 241; and Vitruv.: Zoilus qui adoptavit cognomen, ut Homeromastix vocitaretur, had himself called, 7, 8. So:ergo aliquod gratum Musis tibi nomen adopta,
Mart. 6, 31; in Pliny, very often, adoptare aliquid (also with the addition of nomine suo or in nomen), to give a thing its name: Baetis Oceanum Atlanticum, provinciam adoptans, petit, while it gives to the province the name (Baetica). Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 9:A Zmyrna Hermus campos facit et nomini suo adoptat,
id. 5, 29, 31, § 119;so 25, 3, 7, § 22: in nomen,
id. 37, 3, 12, § 50; so also Statius, Theb. 7, 259. -
11 Aequimaelium
Aequĭmaelĭum (better than Aequĭmēl-), i, n., the open space in Rome below the Capitol, not far from the Carcer, where had stood the house of the turbulent tribune of the people, Sp. Mœlius, who was slain by Ahala during the dictatorship of Cincinnatus, now in the Via di Marforio:Aequimaelium, quod aequata Maeli (Meli) domus publico, quod regnum occupare voluit is,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 157 Müll.; so Liv. 4, 16, 1; 38, 28, 3. In Cicero's time a lamb-market seems to have been there, Cic. Div 2, 17, 39. Cf. on this locality, Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, 474; Amm. 28; and Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 485 sq. -
12 Aequimelium
Aequĭmaelĭum (better than Aequĭmēl-), i, n., the open space in Rome below the Capitol, not far from the Carcer, where had stood the house of the turbulent tribune of the people, Sp. Mœlius, who was slain by Ahala during the dictatorship of Cincinnatus, now in the Via di Marforio:Aequimaelium, quod aequata Maeli (Meli) domus publico, quod regnum occupare voluit is,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 157 Müll.; so Liv. 4, 16, 1; 38, 28, 3. In Cicero's time a lamb-market seems to have been there, Cic. Div 2, 17, 39. Cf. on this locality, Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, 474; Amm. 28; and Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 485 sq. -
13 Caeliana
I.A Roman gentile name.A.The orator M. Caelius Rufus, for whom Cicero made an oration, and whose letters to Cicero are contained in the 8th book of the Epp. ad Famil.; Cic. Brut. 79, 273; Caes. B. C. 3, 20 sqq.; Vell. 2, 68, 1; Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 4; Quint. 10, 1, 115; v. Teuffel, Röm. Litt. § 206, 5 sqq.—Hence, Caelĭānus, a, um, adj., Cœlian:B.orationes,
Tac. Or. 21.—L. Caelius Antipater, a distinguished historian and jurist in the time of the Gracchi, and teacher of Crassus, Cic. Brut. 26, 102; id. de Or. 2, 12, 53; id. Leg. 1, 2, 6.—Hence, Caelĭāna, ōrum, n., the writings of Cœlius, Cic. Att. 13, 8; v. Teuffel. Röm. Litt. § 142.—C.C. Caelius Caldus, an orator, contemporary with Crassus, Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117; id. Planc. 21, 52; id. Leg. 3, 16, 36.—D.Caelius Aurelianus, a physician of the post - classic period, v. Teuffel, Röm. Litt. § 456.—II.Caelius Mons, the Cœlian Hill at Rome, south of Palatinus, and east of Aventinus, named after the Tuscan Caeles Vibenna (pure Etrusc. Kaile Fipne), now the Lateran Mount, Varr L. L. 5, § 46 Müll.; Cic. Rep. 2, 18, 33; id. Off. 3, 16, 66; Tac. A. 4, 65.—Called Caelius Major, Mart. 12, 18, 16; cf. Caeliolus.— The soldiers of this Caeles are called Caelĭāni, Varr. L. L. 5, § 46 Müll.; cf.:CAELIANVS EXERCITVS,
Inscr. Grut. 502, 1, 20. -
14 Caeliani
I.A Roman gentile name.A.The orator M. Caelius Rufus, for whom Cicero made an oration, and whose letters to Cicero are contained in the 8th book of the Epp. ad Famil.; Cic. Brut. 79, 273; Caes. B. C. 3, 20 sqq.; Vell. 2, 68, 1; Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 4; Quint. 10, 1, 115; v. Teuffel, Röm. Litt. § 206, 5 sqq.—Hence, Caelĭānus, a, um, adj., Cœlian:B.orationes,
Tac. Or. 21.—L. Caelius Antipater, a distinguished historian and jurist in the time of the Gracchi, and teacher of Crassus, Cic. Brut. 26, 102; id. de Or. 2, 12, 53; id. Leg. 1, 2, 6.—Hence, Caelĭāna, ōrum, n., the writings of Cœlius, Cic. Att. 13, 8; v. Teuffel. Röm. Litt. § 142.—C.C. Caelius Caldus, an orator, contemporary with Crassus, Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117; id. Planc. 21, 52; id. Leg. 3, 16, 36.—D.Caelius Aurelianus, a physician of the post - classic period, v. Teuffel, Röm. Litt. § 456.—II.Caelius Mons, the Cœlian Hill at Rome, south of Palatinus, and east of Aventinus, named after the Tuscan Caeles Vibenna (pure Etrusc. Kaile Fipne), now the Lateran Mount, Varr L. L. 5, § 46 Müll.; Cic. Rep. 2, 18, 33; id. Off. 3, 16, 66; Tac. A. 4, 65.—Called Caelius Major, Mart. 12, 18, 16; cf. Caeliolus.— The soldiers of this Caeles are called Caelĭāni, Varr. L. L. 5, § 46 Müll.; cf.:CAELIANVS EXERCITVS,
Inscr. Grut. 502, 1, 20. -
15 Caelius
I.A Roman gentile name.A.The orator M. Caelius Rufus, for whom Cicero made an oration, and whose letters to Cicero are contained in the 8th book of the Epp. ad Famil.; Cic. Brut. 79, 273; Caes. B. C. 3, 20 sqq.; Vell. 2, 68, 1; Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 4; Quint. 10, 1, 115; v. Teuffel, Röm. Litt. § 206, 5 sqq.—Hence, Caelĭānus, a, um, adj., Cœlian:B.orationes,
Tac. Or. 21.—L. Caelius Antipater, a distinguished historian and jurist in the time of the Gracchi, and teacher of Crassus, Cic. Brut. 26, 102; id. de Or. 2, 12, 53; id. Leg. 1, 2, 6.—Hence, Caelĭāna, ōrum, n., the writings of Cœlius, Cic. Att. 13, 8; v. Teuffel. Röm. Litt. § 142.—C.C. Caelius Caldus, an orator, contemporary with Crassus, Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117; id. Planc. 21, 52; id. Leg. 3, 16, 36.—D.Caelius Aurelianus, a physician of the post - classic period, v. Teuffel, Röm. Litt. § 456.—II.Caelius Mons, the Cœlian Hill at Rome, south of Palatinus, and east of Aventinus, named after the Tuscan Caeles Vibenna (pure Etrusc. Kaile Fipne), now the Lateran Mount, Varr L. L. 5, § 46 Müll.; Cic. Rep. 2, 18, 33; id. Off. 3, 16, 66; Tac. A. 4, 65.—Called Caelius Major, Mart. 12, 18, 16; cf. Caeliolus.— The soldiers of this Caeles are called Caelĭāni, Varr. L. L. 5, § 46 Müll.; cf.:CAELIANVS EXERCITVS,
Inscr. Grut. 502, 1, 20. -
16 Castalia
Castălĭa, ae, f., = Kastalia, a fountain on Parnassus, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, Liv. Andron. ap. Fest. p. 310, b Müll.; Verg. G. 3, 293; Hor. C. 3, 4, 61; Stat. Th. 1, 698.—II.Hence the adjj.,A.Castă-lĭus, a, um, Castalian:B.fons,
Plin. 4, 3, 4, § 8; Sen. Oedip. 229; cf.fontes,
Stat. Th. 1, 565:arbor,
the laurel, Prop. 3 (4), 3, 13;hence, umbra,
Tib. 3, 1, 16:antrum,
i. e. the cave of the oracle at Delphi, Ov. M. 3, 14.— -
17 Castalis
Castălĭa, ae, f., = Kastalia, a fountain on Parnassus, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, Liv. Andron. ap. Fest. p. 310, b Müll.; Verg. G. 3, 293; Hor. C. 3, 4, 61; Stat. Th. 1, 698.—II.Hence the adjj.,A.Castă-lĭus, a, um, Castalian:B.fons,
Plin. 4, 3, 4, § 8; Sen. Oedip. 229; cf.fontes,
Stat. Th. 1, 565:arbor,
the laurel, Prop. 3 (4), 3, 13;hence, umbra,
Tib. 3, 1, 16:antrum,
i. e. the cave of the oracle at Delphi, Ov. M. 3, 14.— -
18 Castalius
Castălĭa, ae, f., = Kastalia, a fountain on Parnassus, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, Liv. Andron. ap. Fest. p. 310, b Müll.; Verg. G. 3, 293; Hor. C. 3, 4, 61; Stat. Th. 1, 698.—II.Hence the adjj.,A.Castă-lĭus, a, um, Castalian:B.fons,
Plin. 4, 3, 4, § 8; Sen. Oedip. 229; cf.fontes,
Stat. Th. 1, 565:arbor,
the laurel, Prop. 3 (4), 3, 13;hence, umbra,
Tib. 3, 1, 16:antrum,
i. e. the cave of the oracle at Delphi, Ov. M. 3, 14.— -
19 Cimolius
Cĭmōlus, i, f., = Kimôlos, an island of the Cyclades, distinguished for its chalky soil, now Kimolo or Argentiera, Plin. 4, 12, 23, § 70; Ov. M. 7, 463.—Hence,II.Cĭmō-lĭus, a, um, adj., of or from Cimolus:creta (freq. used in medicine),
Cels. 2, 33; Col. 6, 17, 4; Scrib. Comp. 245; Veg. 2, 29; 3, 4; cf. Plin. 35, 17, 57, § 195 sq. -
20 Cimolus
Cĭmōlus, i, f., = Kimôlos, an island of the Cyclades, distinguished for its chalky soil, now Kimolo or Argentiera, Plin. 4, 12, 23, § 70; Ov. M. 7, 463.—Hence,II.Cĭmō-lĭus, a, um, adj., of or from Cimolus:creta (freq. used in medicine),
Cels. 2, 33; Col. 6, 17, 4; Scrib. Comp. 245; Veg. 2, 29; 3, 4; cf. Plin. 35, 17, 57, § 195 sq.
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