søster

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(en, søstre) sister.

сестра

-a/-en, søstre(r), søstrene

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sister, sis

sister

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adj merciful,

( godgørende, overbærende) charitable,

( medfølende) compassionate;

[ barmhjertige Gud!] merciful God! my God!

[ den barmhjertige samaritan] the good Samaritan;

[ barmhjertig søster] sister of mercy.

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a) (personligt pron) it,

( om skibe og lande ofte) she,

( henvisende til tidligere nævnte personer) he, she, they,

(se ndf),

( henvisende til en hel sætning) so ( fx Will he come? I hope so);

( NB ofte uoversat, fx jeg ved det I know; hvorfor det? why?);

b) (demonstrativt pron) that ( fx that house over there),

( foran henførende bisætning oftest) the ( fx the house which you see over there);

c) ( adj's bestemte artikel) the ( fx the big house);

[ det at rejse] travelling;

[ det at du vandt] your winning, the fact that you won;

[ ikke det?] se ikke;

[ og hvem har ikke det?] and who has not?

[ ikke det jeg kan huske] not that I remember;

[ det regner] it is raining;

[ det som vi så] what we saw;

(se også dets);

[ i forbindelse med verbet være:]

[ hvem er den dame? det er min søster] who is that lady? she is my sister;

[ hvem er de herrer? det er mine brødre] who are those gentlemen? they are my brothers;

[det er hr. C.]

( ved præsentation) this is Mr C.;

[ er det dig?] is that you?

[ er det din moder?] is that your mother?

[ er det dine brødre?] are those your brothers?

[ det var hans ord] those were his words;

[ det er det også] so it is;

[ hun er rig og det er han også] she is rich and so is he.

a) (personligt pron) it,

( om dyr ofte) he, she;

b) (demonstrativt pron) that ( fx look at that man),

( foran henførende bisætning oftest) the ( fx the book which is on the table);

c) ( adj's bestemte artikel) the ( fx the poor fellow);

(se også det, de, dem);

[ den og den] so and so, such and such a person;

[ til den og den pris] at such and such a price;

[ giv mig den dér] give me that one;

[ den idiot!] the fool!

[ den som (el. der)]

( om person) the man (, woman) who, anybody who,

T the one who,

(F og i ordsprog) he (, she) who;

[ den der slog den rude ud må betale den] whoever smashed that windowpane must pay for it;

[ den bog du viste mig er ikke den jeg så i går] the book you showed me is not the one I saw yesterday;

[ du er den]

( i leg) you are it;

[ fordi han var dén han var] because he was what (el. the man) he was;

(se også dens).

1) слу́шать

2) слы́шать

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* hear ( fx I don't hear well; I heard him speak; I hear from England every week);

( lytte) listen,

( lytte til) listen to ( fx the music, the radio, his speech),

( bønhøre) hear ( fx hear my prayer);

( erfare) hear, learn;

( i skole: eksaminere) examine;

( forhøre sig) enquire;

( rådspørge) consult;

[ hør!]

(dvs hør engang) look here!

( bifaldsråb = det er hørt!) hear, hear!

(dvs hør efter) listen!

[ lade en noget høre] throw something in somebody's teeth;

[ de har ikke noget at lade hinanden høre] there is nothing to choose between them;

( ofte =) it is the pot calling the kettle black;

[ det lader sig høre!]

T that's something like;

[ man havde aldrig hørt ham le] he had never been heard to laugh; nobody had ever heard him laugh;

[ høre tale om], se I. tale;

[ med præp og adv:]

[ høre ad] enquire;

[ nu skal jeg høre ad] I will enquire;

[ jeg har hørt det af min søster] I (have) heard it from my sister;

[ høre dårligt] be hard of hearing ( med højre øre in the right ear);

[ høre ` efter] listen, pay attention;

[ høre efter hvad der bliver sagt] listen to what is said;

[ høre efter telefonen (, døren)] answer the telephone (, the door);

[ høre sig for] enquire;

[ høre fra en] hear from somebody;

[ hvor hører disse ting hen?] where do these things belong?

[ høre hjemme], se hjemme;

[ ilde hørt], se sandhed;

[ høre én i historie]

(etc) test somebody in history (etc);

[ høre ind under] come within, fall under;

[ det hører med til bestillingen] it is all part of the job; it is all in the (el. a) day's work;

[ nu har jeg hørt det med!] well, I never!

[ høre om] hear about ( fx I have heard a lot about you);

( erfare at noget eksisterer) hear of ( fx have you ever heard of Clive? have you heard of their new house? I first heard of it a week ago);

[ høre op] stop, leave off;

[ høre op med at] stop (el. leave off) -ing;

[ høre på] listen to;

(med.) auscultate;

[ jeg kan høre på dig at] I can tell by your voice (, by what you say) that;

[ høre sammen] belong together;

[ høre til]

( være en ( del) af, høre ind under) belong to ( fx this belongs to a different category, to my favourite reading),

( være en af) be among ( fx this question is among the most

important problems of today); be one of ( fx this cup is one of

a new tea set; the lion is one of the carnivores);

( høre om) hear of ( fx I haven't heard anything of that),

( høre fra) hear from;

( spørge til) ask (, F: enquire) after;

[ høre ` til] belong ( fx where does it belong?);

[ der hører meget mod (, tålmodighed) til at] it takes (, F: requires) a lot of courage (, patience) to;

[ det hører sig til] it is always done; it is customary;

T it is the done thing;

[ høre til dagens orden], se dag;

[ høre tilfældigt] happen to hear, overhear;

[ høre ( ind) under] belong under ( fx another Ministry); fall under (

fx this falls under the next item on the agenda).

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vb (er, var, været) be;

(som hjælpeverbum ved bevægelsesverber etc) have ( fx has he come? he has gone; he has been killed);

[ at være eller ikke være] to be or not to be;

[ af en dreng at være] for a boy;

[ hvad er der at gøre?] what is to be done?

[ han er og bliver dum] he is and always will be stupid;

[ det er ham (, hende, mig etc)] it is him (, her, me etc),

F it is he (, she, I etc);

[ det var ham (etc) der gjorde det] he (etc) did it; it was he (etc) who did it;

[ det er min søster], se det;

[ det er det sjove ved det], se ved j;

[ hvis han ikke havde været (el. hvis det ikke havde været for ham), ville

jeg være blevet dræbt] if it had not been for him (el. without him el.

but for him) I should have been killed;

[ det kan ( godt) være at han ikke kommer] he may not come;

[ det kan nok være at], se nok;

[ hvor kan det være at], se hvor;

[ kan være i], se ndf;

[ lade være], se II. lade;

[ ingen, det være sig gammel eller ung] nobody, whether old or young;

[ skulle være], se skulle;

[ vær så god, værsgo], se værsgo;

[ med præp & adv:]

[ hvad er den af?] what's the big idea?

[ bordet er af træ] the table is made of wood;

[ stykket er af Shaw] the play is by Shaw;

[ være af med] be rid of;

[ være efter én]

(dvs hakke på) be on at somebody, go on at somebody, be getting at somebody,

( være ude efter) be down on somebody;

(se også politi);

[ der kan være 300 mennesker i salen] the hall will hold 300 people;

[ alle de ting kan ikke være i kufferten] these things won't all go into the suitcase;

(se også noget);

[ være imod], se imod;

[ være med], se III. med;

[ være... om], se om g & alene, II. længe, noget;

[ bogen er på 300 sider] the book has 300 pages; the book is 300 pages long;

[ han er på den]

T he is in the soup (el. in a spot);

[ være ` til] exist, be;

[ hvad er den dims til?] what is that gadget for?

[ være ude om (, på, til)], se ude;

[ være ved], se II. ved.

(-ar, -ir), m.

1) lot;

bera (leggja) hluti í skaut, to throw the lots into a cloth (lap of a garment);

skera (marka) hluti, to mark the lots;

2) amukt, talisman (hlutr er horfinn or pússi þínum);

3) share, allotment, portion (hann fœrði Ølvi skip sin ok kallar þat vera hans hlut);

4) part (of a whole);

höggva í tvá hluti, to cut in two parts;

mestr hlutr liðs, the most part of the company;

meiri hlutr dómanda, the majority of the judges;

tveim hlutum dýrra, twice as dear;

5) participation;

eiga hlut í e-u or at e-u, to have part in, be concerned in (mér uggir, at hér muni eigi gæfumenn hlut í eiga);

þar er þú ættir hlut at, wherein thou wast concerned;

6) condition, position, lot;

eiga hlut e-s, to be in one’s place (position);

ef þú ættir minn hlut, if thou wert in my place;

láta hlut sinn, to be worsted;

sitja yfir hlut e-s, to oppress, weigh a person down;

leggja hlut sinn við e-t, to cast in one’s lot with, to espouse a cause;

hafa (fá) hærra, meira (lægra) hlut, to get the best (worst) of it;

7) thing;

allir hlutir, all things;

kynligr hlutr, a strange thing;

um alla hluti, in all things, in all respects.

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m., the original form was diphthongal, hlautr, like the Gothic, as is borne out by the kindred and derivative words hlaut, hleyti, q. v.; the acc. was weakened into o, hlotr, Fms. xi. 128; and lastly into u, hlutr; old nom. pl. hlotar, Jómsv. S. l. c., but commonly hlutir; gen. sing. hlutar: [Goth. hlauts = κληρος, Mark xv. 24, Col. i. 12, Ephes. i. 11, Luke i. 9; A. S. and Hel. hlot; Engl. lot; Germ. loos; Dan. lod; Swed. lott; the Goth., Germ., and earliest Scandin. have a long vowel, and prob. also A. S. and O. H. G. (hlôt, not hlot); the Ormul. spells lott with a short vowel, as is the case also in Icel., Dan., Swed., and Engl.]

A. A lot; the ceremony of drawing lots was like that described in Homer; each party marked his lot (skera or marka hluti), which was then thrown into a sheet (lap of a garment, bera or leggja hluti í skaut), and a third person came and drew a lot out; (it was not thrown out by shaking.) This drawing of lots was originally a sacred ceremony; it was used in sacrifices (by way of augury, see below), in sharing booty or an inheritance; in law the order in which suits came on was decided by lot, in banquets the seats of honour were so assigned (e. g. who was to sit next to the daughter of the house), etc. Many words in the language refer to this old rite, and the ceremony is thus described: en hluti skyldi skera ok í skaut bera, Fms. vii. 140; kom þat ásamt með þeim at hluti skyldi bera í skaut, … skyldi því hvárir-tveggju una sem hlutr segði, vóru þá hlutir markaðir; þá mælti Norðbrikt til Gyrgis: ‘lát mik sjá hversu þú markar þinn hlut at vit markim eigi báðir einn veg;’ hann gerði svá; síðan markaði Norðbrikt sinn hlut, ok kastaði í skaut ok svá báðir þeir; síðan gékk sá maðr at er til (upp, v. l.) skyldi taka, ok tók upp annan hlutinn milli fingra sér …; síðan var at hugat þeim hlutinum ok kenndu þar allir mark Gyrgis, vi. 136, 137: hverr maðr er sök hefir með at fara í dóm, þá skal hlut bera í skaut, einn, þótt hann hafi fleiri sakar í dóm þann, hverr maðr skal merkja hlut sinn ok bera alla saman í skaut, ok skal maðr taka fjóra hluti senn upp, Grág. i. 37; bjóða til hlutfalla ok bera þar hluti í skaut, 74; menn báru þá hluti sína í skaut ok tók jarlinn upp; … svá sagði hlutr til, at Egill skyldi sitja hjá jarls-dóttur um kveldit, Eg. 247; en þá er tólfmenningr var skipaðr til at sitja ok settir hlutir til hverr næst skyldi sitja Ástríði, dóttur Vigfúss hersis, ok hlaut Eyjólfr ávalt at sitja hjá henni, Glúm. 331: nú ræða þeir um goðorðit ok verða eigi ásáttir, vildi hverr sinn hlut ( case) fram draga; þá leggja þeir hluti í skaut, ok kom jafnan upp hlutr Silfra, Fs. 68; þeir lögðu hluti á, ok hlaut Þrándr, Fær.

2. of sacrifice; vóru þá görvir hlutir af vísinda-mönnum ( soothsayers), ok feldr blótspánn til, en svá gékk fréttin, at …, Fas. i. 452; cp. hristu teina ok á hlaut sá, Hym. 1; and, þá kná Hænir hlautvið kjósa (= taka upp hluti), Vsp. l. c.; see also hlaut, hlauttein, p. 270.

II. the hlutir were talismans or little images, which people used to wear on their persons; síðan tekr jarl skálar ( scales) góðar … ok fylgðu tvau met ( weights), annat af gulli en annat af silfri; þar var á líkneskja manns, ok hétu þat hlutar (hlotar sem fornmönnum var títt at hafa, add. in v. l.), ok fylgði sú náttúra, at þá er jarl lagði þá í skálarnar, ok kvað á hvat hvárr skyldi merkja, ok ef sá kom upp ( turned up) er hann vildi, þá breylti sá í skálinni svá at varð glamm af. Jarl gaf Einari skálarnar ok varð hann glaðr við ok síðan kallaðr Einarr Skálarglam, Jómsv. S. (1824) 37, 38; hlutr er horfinn ór pússi þínum sá er Haraldr konungr gaf þér í Hafrsfirði, ok er hann nú kominn í holt þat er þú munt byggja, ok er á hlutnum markaðr Freyr af silfri, Fs. 19; ok vili Freyr þar láta sinn hlut niðr koma er hann vill sitt sæmdar-sæti setja, 22; cp. Landn., hann sendi Finna tvá í hamförum til Íslands eptir hlut sínum, 174; hann hefir líkneski Þórs í pungi sínum af tönn gört …; nú fannsk engi sá ‘hlutr’ í hans valdi, Fs. 97: the ‘gumna heillir’ or talismans, mentioned in Sdm., were prob. hlutir.

B. Metaph., without the actual drawing of lots:

I. a share, allotment, portion; skal þat þeirra er biskup lofar skilnað, hafa slíkan hlut fjár ( portion) við annat, Grág. i. 329: of booty, hann færði Ölvi skip sín ok kallar þat vera hlut hans, Nj. 46: of a finder’s share, heimtir hlut af sauðunum, Háv. 40; halda til hlutar, id.

β. esp. of a fisherman’s share of the catch, Band. 4, cp. Höfuðl. 1; a fishing boat has one or two hundred … í hlut, each of the crew (hásetar) taking his ‘hlutr,’ and besides this there was a færis-hlutr ( line share) or netja-hlutr ( net share), skips-hlutr (ship’s share), and lastly for-manns-hlutr (foreman’s share, he getting double); see the remarks on aflausn.

γ. a share, lot, portion, of inheritance, often in early Dan. law, where the daughter received a half, the brother a whole portion, sun til ful lot, oc dotær til half lot, Wald. Sjæll. Lov., p. 1;—whence in Dan. broder-lod, söster-lod, = a brother’s, sister’s portion; en komi jafnmikit fé á hlut hvers þeirra, Grág. (Kb.) i. 220: of duty, kom þat á hlut Andreas postula, 625. 64.

2. metaph. phrases; láta hlut sinn, to let go one’s share, be worsted, Fms. i. 74, Fb. ii. 62; þeirra h. brann við, got singed, Hkr. ii. 178; þinn hlutr má ekki verða betri en góðr, thy case cannot be better than good, is as good as it can be, Nj. 256; ella muntú finna á þínum hlut, thou shalt find it to thy cost, Ld. 98; þeirra h. varð æ minni ok minni, their lot grew ever worse and worse, Fms. x. 250; eigi skyldi hennar h. batna við þat, her case should not mend with that, Nj. 52; sitja yfir hlut e-s, to oppress, weigh a person down, Eg. 512, Nj. 89, Fb. iii. 450; mínka sinn hlut, to yield one’s lot ( right), 451; láta sinn (hlut) undir liggja, to let one’s lot be the nethermost, Bárð.; leggja hlut sinn við e-t, to throw in one’s lot with a thing, to espouse a cause, run a risk, Lv. 45 (twice), Fb. iii. 166, Sturl. i. 162 C; eigi mundi svá Sverrir gera, ef hann ætti várn hlut, S. would not do so if he had our lot, our cards in his hand, Fms. viii. 392; eigi mundir þú svá renna frá þínum manni, ef þú ættir minn hlut, xi. 72; hafa (fá) hærra (meira, lægra) hlut, to get the better ( less) share, to get the best ( worst) of it, to win or lose, Eb. 194, Fs. 32, 113, Nj. 90, 224, Fas. i. 252, Fms. vi. 412, viii. 284, Hkv. 2. 19; hafa allan hlut mála, Bs. i. 82; eiga hlut at e-u, to own a share in, take part ( interest) in, interfere ( meddle) in a thing, be concerned about, Eb. 124, Nj. 27, 101, 119, Fms. xi. 83; þar er þú ættir hlut at, wherein thou wast concerned, Nj. 54; nú mun eigi mega sitjanda hlut í eiga, to take a sitter’s part in it, i. e. not stir in the matter, 110; hér munu eigi gæfu-menn í hlut eiga, 179; hafa inn vesta hlut af, to behave meanly, Eg. 271.

II. a part, Lat. pars; enn efra hlut Hrunamanna-hrepps, Landn. 312: mestr h. liðs, the most part of the body, Eg. 275; meiri hlutr, búa, dómanda …, the majority of the neighbours, judges …, Nj. 237, Grág. i. 79; tíundi h. eyrir, a tenth part of an ounce, 357: byggja jörð til hlutar, to lease an estate in shares, N. G. L. i. 137: sjau hlutum ljósari, seven times brighter, Eluc. 44; tveim hlutum dýrra, twice as dear, Landn. 243; eins hlutar ( on the one hand) … annars hlutar ( on the other hand), 625. 172.

III. a case, thing, Lat. res; hvern hlut, everything, Nj. 53; á engum hlut, in nothing, Fms. ii. 27; í öllum hlutum, in everything, passim; allir hlutir, all things, Edda 147 (pref.); aðra hluti, other things, Fms. i. 213; alla hluti þá er …, all things whatsoever, Ld. 18; allir þeirra hlutir, all their things, Fms. x. 250; fjórir eru þeir hlutir ( cases) er menn ber í átt, Grág. i. 361; hverngi hlut ( reason) er maðr vill til þess færa, 179; fyrir tengda sakir ok annarra stórra hluta er hér hvarfla í milli, Nj. 147; undarlegr, kynlegr h., a strange thing, Ld. 200, Fms. x. 169; iðna slíka hluti, Grág. i. 149; eru þér stórir hlutir á höndum, Fms. vii. 30: a deed, fact, orðinn h., a bygone thing, Fr. fait accompli, Nj. 20; einn lítill h., a little thing, small matter, Fms. ix. 448.

β. with neg. adv. = Engl. naught; görðit hlut þiggja, Am. 94; ekki lyt (lyf MS.), Skv. 1. 9; engi hluta(r), noways, 656 C. 25.

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(gen., acc., dat. systur, pl. systr), f.

1) sister;

2) sister of charity, nun.

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f., gen. acc. and dat. systur, pl. nom. and acc. systr, gen. systra, dat. systrum; [Goth. swistar; A. S. swuster; Engl. sister; O. H. G. swestar; Germ. schwester; Dan. söster; Swed. syster; Lat. soror]:—a sister, Nj. 30, Grág. i. 288, passim; s. samfeðra, sammæðra, 170; al-systir, hálf-systir, a half-sister; móður-systir (Dan. moster), a mothers-sister, aunt; föður-s. (Dan. faster), a father’s-sister, aunt; afa-s., ömmu-s., a great aunt.

II. metaph. in addressing; eigi má ek hljóð vera, sæl systirin, segir griðkona, Grett. 170 new Ed.; allra-s., all men’s sister, a nickname, Landn.; leik-s., stall-s., a play-sister; fóstur-s., a foster-sister: eccl., Guð vakti þik, systir, Bs. i. 438; bræðr ok systr, Hom. 32.

2. a sister of charity, nun, Ann. 1343; systra-klaustr, a nunnery, H. E. i. 470; systra lifnaðr, lag, id., 470, 476.

COMPDS: systurbarn, systrabörn, systurdóttir, systradætr, systursonr, systrasynir.