ruo

* * *

rŭo, ŭi, ŭtum (ruiturus, a, um, Ov. M. 4, 459; Luc. 7, 404; Mart. 1, 88, 4; Plin. Ep. 7, 19, 8; gen. plur. part. ruentum, Verg. A. 11, 886), 3, v. n. and a., to fall with violence, rush down; to fall down, tumble down, go to ruin (cf.: labor, procumbo, cado).

Neutr. (very freq. and class.).

Lit. Rarely of persons:

caedebant pariter pariterque ruebant Victores victique,

Verg. A. 10, 756; so Val. Fl. 7, 642.—Of things:

ruere illa non possunt, ut haec non eodem labefacta motu concidant,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

spectacula runnt,

fell down, tumbled down, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47; cf.:

parietes ruunt,

id. Most. 1, 2, 36:

lateres veteres,

id. Truc. 2, 2, 50; so,

aedes,

id. Am. 5, 1, 43; id. Most. 1, 2, 69:

omnia tecta (supra aliquem),

Lucr. 4, 403; Liv. 4, 21, 5; Quint. 8, 3, 68 al.:

altae turres,

Lucr. 5, 307:

moles et machina mundi,

id. 5, 96:

murus,

Liv. 21, 11:

templa deum,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 104;

aulaea,

id. ib. 2, 8, 71:

acervus,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 47:

murus latius quam caederetur,

Liv. 21, 11:

tecta in agris,

id. 4, 21:

silices a montibus altis,

Lucr. 5, 314:

alto a culmine Troja,

Verg. A. 2, 290.— Poet.:

caeli templa,

Lucr. 1, 1105: ruit arduus aether, it rains, or the rain descends in torrents, Verg. G. 1, 324; cf. id. A. 8, 525:

caelum imbribus immodicis,

Mart. 3, 100, 3; cf.:

caelum in se,

Liv. 40, 58:

ruit imbriferum ver,

i.e. is ending, hastening to its close, Verg. G. 1, 313; cf.:

turbidus imber aquā,

id. A. 5, 695:

tempestas,

Tac. A. 1, 30.

Prov.: caelum ruit, the sky is falling; of any thing very improbable: Cl. Quid tum, quaeso, si hoc pater resciverit? Sy. Quid si nunc caelum ruat? Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41. —

Transf., of rapid, hasty movements, to hasten, hurry, run, rush (cf.:

volo, curro): id ne ferae quidem faciunt, ut ita ruant atque turbentur,

Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 34; cf. id. Att. 7, 7, 7:

(Pompeium) ruere nuntiant et jam jamque adesse,

id. ib. 7, 20, 1:

huc omnis turba ruebat,

Verg. A. 6, 305:

Aeneadae in ferrum ruebant,

id. ib. 8, 648:

per proelia,

id. ib. 12, 526:

quidam inermes ultro ruere ac se morti offerre,

Tac. Agr. 37:

contis gladiisque ruerent,

id. A. 6, 35:

in aquam caeci ruebant,

Liv. 1, 27 fin.:

in castra fugientes,

id. 24, 16, 2: in vulnera ac tela, id. 26, 44:

promiscue in concubitus,

id. 3, 47:

eques pedesque certatim portis ruere,

id. 27, 41:

ad urbem infesto agmine,

id. 3, 3:

ad portas,

Tac. A. 1, 66:

ad convivium,

id. H. 2, 68 fin.:

per vias,

id. ib. 5, 22:

destinatā morte in proelium,

Flor. 2, 18, 12:

ruebant laxatis habenis aurigae,

Curt. 4, 15, 3:

de montibus amnes,

Verg. A. 4, 164:

flumina per campos,

Ov. M. 1, 285:

in Galliam Rhenus,

Tac. H. 5, 19.— Poet., of time:

vertitur interea caelum et ruit Oceano Nox,

i.e. hastens up, sets in, Verg. A. 2, 250:

revoluta ruebat dies,

was advancing, hastening on, id. ib. 10, 256; cf. of the setting of the sun, Val. Fl. 1, 274; App. M. 3, p. 136, 19.— Of sound, to break forth:

antrum, unde ruunt totidem voces, responsa Sibyllae,

Verg. A. 6, 44.—

Trop.

(Acc. to A. 1.) To fall, fail, sink (very rare):

ratio ruat omnis,

Lucr. 4, 507:

quae cum accidunt nemo est quin intellegat, ruere illam rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 12:

Vitellium ne prosperis quidem parem, adeo ruentibus debilitatum,

by his falling fortunes, Tac. H. 3, 64:

tam florentes Atheniensium opes ruisse,

Just. 5, 1, 9.—

(Acc. to A. 2.) To rush, dash, hurry, hasten, run, etc. (freq. and class.):

tamquam ad interitum ruerem voluntarium,

Cic. Marcell. 5, 14:

emptorem pati ruere et per errorem in maximam fraudem incurrere,

to act hastily, commit an oversight, id. Off. 3, 13, 55; cf. Liv. 3, 11:

cum cotidie rueret,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133; id. Att. 2, 14, 1; Quint. 2, 20, 2:

compescere ruentes,

Tac. H. 1, 56; 2, 63 fin.; cf. id. ib. 2, 34:

ad seditiones et discordias et bella civilia,

id. ib. 1, 46:

crudelitatis odio in crudelitatem ruitis,

Liv. 3, 53:

in servitium,

Tac. A. 1, 7:

in exitium,

id. H. 1, 84:

in sua fata,

Ov. M. 6, 51:

omnia fatis In pejus,

Verg. G. 1, 200:

quo scelesti ruitis?

Hor. Epod. 7, 1:

quo ruis,

Verg. A. 10, 811; Ov. M. 9, 428:

multos video, quā vel impudentiā vel fames duxit, ruentes,

Quint. 2, 20, 2.— Poet., with inf.:

quo ruis imprudens, vage, dicere fata?

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 71:

scire ruunt,

Luc. 7, 751; Stat. Th. 7, 177; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 387.— Impers. pass.:

ut ferme fugiendo in media fata ruitur,

Liv. 8, 24.—

Act., to cast down with violence, to dash down, tumble down, hurl to the ground, prostrate (except the jurid. phrase ruta caesa, perh. only poet. and in post-Aug. prose, for in the passage, Cic. Att. 2, 15, 2, seu ruet seu eriget rem publicam, ruet might be neutr.)

Lit.:

imbres fluctusque... frangere malum, Ruere antennas, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 18:

naves (vis venti),

Lucr. 1, 272:

res impetibus crebris (venti),

id. 1, 293:

ceteros ruerem, agerem, raperem, funderem et prosternerem,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 21:

immanem molem volvuntque ruuntque,

Verg. A. 9, 516:

cumulos ruit pinguis harenae,

breaks down, levels, id. G. 1, 105: sese superne in praedam, to cast one ' s self upon, App. Flor. 1, p. 341, 6.—

Poet., transf., to cast up from the bottom, to turn up, throw up, rake up: cum mare permotum ventis, ruit intus harenam, casts up (syn. eruit), Lucr. 6, 726; cf.:

totum (mare) a sedibus imis (venti),

Verg. A. 1, 85:

spumas salis aere,

id. ib. 1, 35:

cinerem et confusa Ossa focis,

id. ib. 11, 211:

atram nubem ad caelum (ignis),

id. G. 2, 308:

unde Divitias aerisque ruam, dic, augur, acervos,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 22.—Hence, rŭtus, a, um, P. a., found only in the phrase rūta et caesa or rūta caesa (acc. to Varro, the u was pronounced long, although it is short in the compounds erutus, obrutus, etc.:

in venditionis lege fundi ruta caesa ita dicimus, ut U producamus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 104).—In jurid. lang., every thing dug up (ruta) and cut down (caesa) on an estate without being wrought, and which is reserved by the owner at a sale; the timber and minerals: si ruta et caesa excipiantur in venditione, ea placuit esse ruta, quae eruta sunt, ut harena, creta et similia;

caesa ea esse, ut arbores caesas, et carbones et his similia, etc.,

Dig. 19, 1, 17:

in rutis caesis ea sunt, quae terrā non tenentur, quaeque opere structili tectoriove non continentur,

ib. 50, 16, 241:

ruta caesa dicuntur, quae venditor possessionis sui usus gratiā concidit ruendoque contraxit,

Fest. p. 262 Müll.:

ut venditores, cum aedes fundumve vendiderint rutis caesis receptis, concedant tamen aliquid emptori, quod ornandi causā apte et loco positum esse videatur,

Cic. Top. 26, 100: dicet te ne in rutis quidem et caesis solium tibl fraternum recepisse, Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 226.

roar

rhuo

* * *

roar

eng. rhuo

parantheses

Sweden

rui

rutum

to rush, fall, be ruined.

Swedish (adj.: language)

Swedish (language)

in Swedish

Swede

pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

roj `swarm' [m jo], rója [Gens];

rôj `swarm' [m jo] \{1\}

roj `swarm' [m jo], rojá [Gens]

rij `swarm' [m jo], rojá [Gens]

roj `swarm' [m jo];

rôj (dial.) `swarm' [m jo]

rój `swarm' [m jo], roju [Gens]

rȏj `swarm' [m jo], rȍja [Gens];

Čak. r^uõj (r^uȏj) (Orbanići) `swarm' [m jo], rojȁ [Gens]

ròj `swarm' [m jo], rója [Gens]

Lat. rīvus `brook, stream'

;

OIr. ríathor `torrent' [m??]

\{1\} According to Zaliznjak (1985: 134), the Old Russian evidence points to AP (b), cf. rojá [Gens] in Deržavin (Illič-Svityč 1963: 52).

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to stir, to rise, to run out, to hurry' esp. `to excite, to incite, to revive (Il.).

Other forms: Aor. ὠρόμην, - ετο, often and older athem. ὦρτο, ptc. ὄρμενος etc., fut. ὀροῦμαι, ὀρεῖται, perf. ὄρωρα; act. ὄρνυμι, also - ύω, aor. ὦρσα, redupl. 3. sg. ὤρορε, fut. ὄρσω, aor. pass. 3. pl. ὦρθεν (Corinn.). Besides ὀρούω, fut. ὀρούσω, in Hom. only aor. ὀροῦσαι, often w. prefix, e.g. ἐπ, ἀν-, ἐν-, ἐξ- `rise quickly, rush on' (Il.).

Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. ἐπ-, ὑπ-, ἀν-. -- As 1. member in governing compp. like ὀρσο-τρίαινα m. `wielder of the trident' (Pi.), ὀρσί-αλος `stirring the sea' (B.), PN as Όρσέ-λαος (Boeot.), Όρσί-λοχος (Il.) besides certainly nominal Όρτί-λοχος (Dor.); s. Schwyzer 442, Bechtel Hist.PN 353 f., Wackernagel Unt. 236 n. 1. As 2. member in the comp. κονι-ορ-τός (s. κόνις), in verbal adj. like θέ-ορ-τος `sprung from the gods' (Pi., A.), νέ-ορ-τος `newly arisen' (S.).

Derivatives: Only ὄρου-σις f. `rise, ὅρμησις, ὁρμή' (Stoic.), ὀρούματα ὁρμή- ματα, πηδήματα H.; remarkable ὀρσό-της, - ητος f. = ὁρμή (Critias), ὀρσί-της m. name of a Cret. dance (Ath.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [326] * h₃reu- `rise, set in movement'

Etymology: Its general o-vowel reminds of ὄρνυμι and ὄλλυμι, στόρνυμι, κορέννυμι a.o. and points to * h₃-. Traces of an ε-grade have been supposed in ἔρετο ὡρμήθη H. a.o. (s. ἐρέθω) as well as in Λα-έρ-της (s. λαός; cf. below). The general structure of the IE nu-verbs as well as the comparison with Skt. r̥-nó-ti `rise, move (onself)' give an original *ὄ῎ρ-νυ-μι ( *h₃r̥-n-(e)u-; not *αρνυμι). An orig. *ἴρνυμι with ι as reduced vowel as in κίρνημι (s. on κεράννυμι) Fick BB 29, 197 finds support in the Zeusepithet Έπιρνύτιος Ζεὺς ἐν Κρήτῃ H., what in spite of widespread agreement (Bechtel Lex. 252, WP. 1, 137, Schwyzer 352 a. 695) is to be called quite arbitrary. -- An analysis ὄρ-ν-υ-μι gives the possibility, to connect the aorist ὀροῦ-σαι (to which the later and rare ὀρούω) as o-coloured full grade (* h₃rou-; Persson Beitr. 1, 285; 2, 738; s. also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 374 w. n. 1 a. lit.); cf. further κρούω, κολούω a.o. (Schwyzer 683 w. lit.). -- Comparisons outside Greek do not help much: beyond the pair ὄρ-νυ-μι: r̥-ṇó-ti are to be mentioned from Skt.: ὦρτο: ā́rta, ὤρ-ε-το: ā́r-a-ta (certainly innovations), ὄρ-ωρα: ā́ra, ὦρσε: ārṣ-īt (gramm.). Heth. ar-nu-mi `move on, away or here' is phonetically uncertain and can also be connected with ἄρνυμαι (s. v.). For ὀρούω we compare Lat. ruō `fall down, hurry'. -- Further material (but not from a root "of moving" er-) in WP. 1, 136ff. (w. rich lit.), Pok. 326ff., W.-Hofmann s. orior and 1. ruō; older lit. in Bq. -- Cf. ὀρίνω and ὄρος, also 1. οὖρος.

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