rhet

συμπλοκή, ἡ,

A intertwining, complication, combination,

τῇ [τῶν ἀτόμων] συμπλοκῇ.. πάντα γεννᾶσθαι Democr.

ap. Arist.Cael. 303a7, cf. Thphr.Sens.66, Sor.2.4; used by Pl. as a generic term for weaving and its kindred arts, Plt. 281a, cf. 306a, al.; ἡ ἁπάντων πρὸς ἄλληλα ς. Plb.1.4.11, cf. Phld.Sign.37, D.3.8 (pl.); συνέχεια καὶ ς. Plot.3.1.4; εἱμαρμένη defined as σ. αἰτιῶν, Stoic.2.284.

2 struggle, esp. of wrestlers, ἡ ἐν ταῖς σ. μάχη a close struggle, Pl.Lg. 833a, cf. Plb. 1.15.3, Gal.15.126,197; of ships, close engagement, Plb.1.27.12, 1.28.11, SIG567.11 (Calymna, iii B.C.); of cavalry, Onos.10.6.

3 embrace, sexual intercourse, Pl.Smp. 191c, Arist.HA 540b21, Corn. ND24, Sor.1.31, al.

4 combination of letters to form a word or of words to form a proposition, Pl.Plt. 278b sq.; λόγος ἐγένετο.. ἡ πρώτη ς. Id.Sph. 262c, cf. Tht. 202b, D.H.Pomp.6;

σ. τῶν ὀνομάτων Demetr.Lac.Herc.1113.2

, cf. Phld.Po.2.33, al.; also combination of mental acts so as to form one entity,

οὐδὲ σ. δόξης καὶ αἰσθήσεως φαντασία ἂν εἴη Arist.de An. 428a25

, cf. PA 643b16; combination of subject and predicate,

σ. γὰρ νοημάτων ἐστὶ τὸ ἀληθὲς ἢ ψεῦδος Id.de An. 432a11

, cf. Top. 113a1; κατὰ συμπλοκὴν λέγεσθαι, opp. ἄνευ συμπλοκῆς, Id.Cat. 1a16, cf. Stoic.2.69, etc.

5 Gramm., the copula, D.H.Dem.9.

6 Rhet., interweaving of various styles, Id.Rh.8.8: but also name of a rhet. figure, Alex.Fig.p.30S.

7 Medic., of ingredients, μετὰ τῆς πρὸς τοὺς φοίνικας ς. in combination with.., Sor.1.50, cf. 115.

πιστεύω (Trag.+) impf. ἐπίστευον; 1 aor. ἐπίστευσα; pf. πεπίστευκα; plpf. πεπιστεύκειν Ac 14:23 (on the omission of the augment s. B-D-F §66, 1; Mlt-H. 190). Pass.: fut. 3 pl. πιστευθήσονται Gen 42, 20; 1 aor. ἐπιστεύθην; pf. πεπίστευμαι (the word does not occur in Phlm, 2 Pt, 2 and 3J, Rv, MPol, or D. But it is a special favorite of J and 1J, where it is found 96 times and 9 times respectively; πίστις is not found in the gospel at all, and occurs in 1J only once, 5:4. Our lit. uses it quite predominantly in a transcendent sense, or at least w. transcendent coloring).

① to consider someth. to be true and therefore worthy of one’s trust, believe

ⓐ believe (in) someth., be convinced of someth., w. that which one believes (in) indicated

α. by acc. of thing (Soph., Oed. Rex 646 τάδε; Aristot., Analyt. Pr. 2, 23, 68b, 13 ἅπαντα; PSI 494, 14 μηθέν; UPZ 70, 29 [152/151 B.C.] π. τὰ ἐνύπνια; ApcEsdr 7:12 p. 32, 26 τὸ βιβλίον τοῦτο) ἡ ἀγάπη πάντα πιστεύει 1 Cor 13:7. πεπιστεύκαμεν τὴν ἀγάπην we believe in the love 1J 4:16. πιστεύεις τοῦτο; J 11:26b. Cp. Ac 13:41 (Hab 1:5). Pass. ἐπιστεύθη τὸ μαρτύριον ἡμῶν our testimony was believed 2 Th 1:10b (cp. Aristot., EN 10, 2 p. 1172b, 15 ἐπιστεύοντο οἱ λόγοι; Gen 42:20).

β. by means of a ὅτι-clause believe that (Plut., Mor. 210d; Aelian, VH 1, 16 p. 8, 9; Herm. Wr. 4, 4: Porphyr., Ad Marcellam 24; PLond III, 897, 12 p. 207 [I A.D.]; Tob 10:8 S; Job 9:16; 15:31; 39:12; La 4:12; 4 Macc 7:19; TestAbr A 18 p. 100, 18 [Stone p. 48]; ParJer 6:7; Just., A I, 18, 2 al.; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 89, 16) μακαρία ἡ πιστεύσασα ὅτι ἔσται τελείωσις Lk 1:45 (ὅτι here may=for: s. ὅτι 4b).—Mk 11:23; cp. vs. 24; J 8:24 (ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι as Is 43:10); 11:27, 42; 13:19; 14:10; 16:27, 30; 17:8, 21; 20:31a; Ac 9:26; Ro 6:8; 10:9; 1 Th 4:14; Hb 11:6; Js 2:19a; 1J 5:1, 5; Hv 3, 8, 4; 4, 2, 4; m 1:1; 6, 2, 10b; Hs 2:5.—[ὅτι εἷς θεός] καὶ εἷς χριστός AcPl Ha 1, 17; AcPlCor 1:8. π. περί τινος ὅτι believe concerning someone that J 9:18 (M. Ant. 1, 15, 5 πιστεύειν περὶ ὧν λέγοι ὅτι οὕτως φρονεῖ=believe concerning whatever he might say, that it was what he actually thought; Just., D. 10, 1 π. ἡμῶν• ὅτι ἐσθίομεν ἀνθρώπους.—π. περί τινος as Plut., Lyc. 19, 4; Jos., Ant. 14, 267).

γ. by the acc. and inf. (pres. Pla., Gorg. 524a; PTebt 314, 3 [II A.D.]; 4 Macc 5:25; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 160; Just., A I, 8, 2 al.; Ath. 20, 3) πιστεύω τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ εἶναι τὸν Ἰησοῦν Ac 8:37b.—GMary 463, 8.—IRo 10:2.—By the inf. (Thu 2, 22, 1; Job 15:22; AscIs 2:10 εἰς οὐρανὸν ἀναβῆναι) πιστεύομεν σωθῆναι Ac 15:11 (difft. JNolland, NTS 27, ’80, 112f [inf. of result: ‘we believe (in order) to be saved’]).—By the acc. and ptc. ἐν σαρκὶ αὐτὸν πιστεύω ὄντα I believe that he was in the flesh ISm 3:1.

δ. by means of the dat. of thing give credence to, believe (Aeschyl., Pers. 786 θεῶν θεσφάτοισιν; Soph., Phil. 1374 τοῖς ἐμοῖς λόγοις, El. 886; Pla., Phd. 88c, Leg. 7, 798d; Polyb. 5, 42, 9; 9, 33, 1; Herodian 7, 5, 5 ἐλπίδι κρείττονι; BGU 674, 6 τῷ λόγῳ; 2 Ch 9:6 τοῖς λόγοις; Ps 105:24; Pr 14:15; Sir 19:15; En 104:13 ταῖς βίβλοις; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 229 τοῖς κενοῖς λογισμοῖς, Virt. 68 the sayings of God; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 286, Ant. 10, 39 τ. λόγοις; Tat. 18, 2 ὕλης οἰκονομία; Ath. 30, 2 ταῖς γοναῖς τοῦ Διό; Iren. 1, 10, 2 [Harv. I 92, 4] ἡ ἐκκλησία … π. τούτοις [sc. κήρυγμα and πίστις]) οὐκ ἐπίστευσας τοῖς λόγοις μου Lk 1:20 (cp. Iambl., ViPyth. 28, 148 περὶ θεῶν μηδὲν θαυμαστὸν ἀπιστεῖν ‘concerning the gods nothing is so marvelous that it should occasion unbelief’). τῇ γραφῇ καὶ τῷ λόγῳ J 2:22. Cp. 4:50; 5:47ab. τοῖς γεγραμμένοις Ac 24:14 (Diod S 16, 52, 7 πιστεύσαντες τοῖς γεγραμμένοις). τῇ ἐπαγγελίᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Cl 11:1 (Diod S 1, 53, 10 τῇ τοῦ προρρήσει πιστεύειν; 19, 90, 3). τῷ ψεύδει, τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 2 Th 2:11, 12. τῇ καταλαλιᾷ Hm 2:2. τῇ ἀκοῇ ἡμῶν (Is 53:1; cp. Jos., C. Ap. 2, 14 π. ἀκοῇ πρεσβυτέρων) J 12:38; Ro 10:16; 1 Cl 16:3. τοῖς ἔργοις J 10:38b (=their testimony); Hm 6, 2, 10a (that they are good and must be followed).—Pass. ἐπιστεύθη τῷ λόγῳ μου they believed my word Hm 3:3.

ε. w. prepositional expressions: εἰς Ro 4:18, if εἰς τὸ γενέσθαι αὐτόν here is dependent on ἐπίστευσεν. πιστεύειν εἰς τὴν μαρτυρίαν believe in the witness 1J 5:10c. ὁ Χριστιανισμὸς οὐκ εἰς Ἰουδαϊσμὸν ἐπίστευσεν the Christian way of life/Christianity did not commit itself to the Judean way/Judaism (s. Hdb. ad loc.) I Mg 10:3a; cp. b (Χριστιανισμόν, εἰς ὸ̔ν πᾶσα γλῶσσα πιστεύσασα). On πιστεύειν εἰς τὸ ὄνομά τινος s. 2aβ below. πιστεύετε ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ believe in the gospel (so Ps 105:12 ἐπίστευσαν ἐν τοῖς λόγοις αὐτοῦ. Rather in the sense ‘put one’s trust in’ Sir 32:21 μὴ πιστεύσῃς ἐν ὁδῷ ἀπροσκόπῳ. See B-D-F §187, 6; Rob. 540. ALoisy, Les Évangiles synopt. I 1907, 430; 434; comm.) Mk 1:15 (Hofmann understands it as ‘on the basis of’, Wohlenberg ‘bei’; Lohmeyer is undecided; Dssm. and Mlt. 67f ‘in the sphere of’; s. p. 235). ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ οὐ πιστεύω IPhld 8:2 (s. Bihlmeyer ad loc.).—ἐπί τινι: πιστεύειν ἐπὶ πᾶσιν οἷς ἐλάλησαν οἱ προφῆται Lk 24:25; Ro 9:33 (Is 28:16).

ⓑ w. the pers. to whom one gives credence or whom one believes, in the dat. (Demosth. 18, 10; Aristot., Rhet. 2, 14 p. 1390a, 32; Polyb. 15, 26, 6 τοῖς εἰδόσι τὴν ἀλήθειαν; Herodian 2, 1, 10; PHib 72, 18; POxy 898, 29; PTebt 418, 15; Ex 4:1, 5; 3 Km 10:7; 2 Ch 32:15; Tob 2:14; Jer 47:14; JosAs 13:10; Philo, Praem. 49; Just., A I, 33, 5, D 7, 2 al.) τοῖς θεασαμένοις αὐτὸν ἐγηγερμένον οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν they did not believe those who saw him after he was raised from the dead Mk 16:14. Cp. Mt 21:25, 32abc; Mk 11:31; 16:13; Lk 20:5; J 5:46a; Ac 8:12; 26:27a (τ. προφήταις as Jos., Ant. 11, 96); 1J 4:1; Hm 6, 1, 2ab.—Also of Jesus and God whom one believes, in that one accepts their disclosures without doubt or contradiction: Jesus: Mt 27:42 v.l.; J 5:38, 46b; 6:30; 8:45, 46; 10:37, 38a. God: J 5:24; Ro 4:3 (Gen 15:6), 17 κατέναντι οὗ ἐπίστευσεν θεοῦ (= κατέναντι θεοῦ ᾧ ἐπίστευσεν); Gal 3:6; Js 2:23; 1 Cl 10:6 (all three Gen 15:6). ὁ μὴ πιστεύων τῷ θεῷ ψεύστην πεποίηκεν αὐτόν 1J 5:10b. AcPl Ha 3, 7.

ⓒ w. pers. and thing added π. τινί τι believe someone with regard to someth. (X., Apol. 15 μηδὲ ταῦτα εἰκῇ πιστεύσητε τῷ θεῷ) Hm 6, 2, 6.—W. dat. of pers. and ὅτι foll. (ApcEsdr 4:35 p. 29, 12 Tdf.): πιστεύετέ μοι ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ πατρί J 14:11a. Cp. 4:21; Ac 27:25.

ⓓ abs. (in which case the context supplies the obj., etc.; cp. ParJer 7:19 γέγονε δὲ τοῦτο, ἵνα πιστεύσωσιν) ἐάν τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ• ἰδοὺ ὧδε ὁ Χριστός, μὴ πιστεύσητε do not believe (him or it [the statement]) Mt 24:23; cp. vs. 26; Mk 13:21; Lk 22:67; J 3:12ab; 10:25f; 12:47 v.l.; 14:29; 16:31; 19:35; 20:8, 25; cp. GJs 19:3. J 20:29ab πιστεύσαντες those who have nevertheless believed (it=the fact of the Resurrection); Ac 4:4; 26:27b; 1 Cor 11:18 πιστεύω I believe (it=that there are divisions among you); 15:11; Js 2:19b even the daemons believe this; Jd 5. Pass. καρδίᾳ πιστεύεται with (or in) the heart men believe (it=that Jesus was raised fr. the dead) Ro 10:10.

ⓔ believe = let oneself be influenced κατά τινος against someone Pol 6:1.

ⓕ πιστεύομαι I am believed, I enjoy confidence (X., An. 7, 6, 33; Diod S 5, 80, 4 τοῖς μάλιστα πιστευομένοις ἐπηκολουθήσαμεν; 17, 32, 1; 1 Km 27:12; Jos., Ant. 10, 114; PGM 12, 279 πιστευθήσῃ=you will be believed) of Eve παρθένος πιστεύεται people believe that she is a virgin Dg 12:8, or perh. a virgin is entrusted (to someone without fear). S. 3 below.

② to entrust oneself to an entity in complete confidence, believe (in), trust, w. implication of total commitment to the one who is trusted. In our lit. God and Christ are objects of this type of faith that relies on their power and nearness to help, in addition to being convinced that their revelations or disclosures are true. The obj. is

ⓐ given

α. in the dat. (cp. Soph., Philoct. 1374 θεοῖς πιστ.; X., Mem. 1, 1, 5; Ps.-Pla., Epinom. 980c πιστεύσας τοῖς θεοῖς εὔχου; Ptolem. Lagi [300 B.C.]: 138 Fgm. 8 Jac.; Maximus Tyr. 3, 8k τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι; Epict., app. E, 10 p. 488 Sch. θεῷ; Himerius, Or. 8 [=23], 18 πῶς Διονύσῳ πιστεύσω; how can I trust D.?; UPZ 144, 12 [164 B.C.] τ. θεοῖς; Jdth 14:10; Wsd 16:26; 4 Macc 7:21 al. in LXX; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 229 πιστεύειν θεῷ, Rer. Div. Her. 92 μόνῳ θεῷ, Op. M. 45, Sacr. Abel. 70 τῷ σωτήρι θεῷ, Abr. 269, Mos. 1, 225, Virt. 216 [on faith in Philo s. Bousset, Rel.³ 446ff; EHatch, Essays in Biblical Gk. 1889, 83ff; ASchlatter, D. Glaube im NT⁴ 1927; EBréhier, Les idées philosophiques et religieuses de Philon d’Alexandrie 1908, ²1925; HWindisch, Die Frömmigkeit Philos 1909, 23ff; HWolfson, Philo ’47 I, 143–56, esp. II, 215–18; WPeisker, D. Glaubensbegriff bei Philon, diss. ’36]; Jos., Ant. 2, 117; 333; 3, 309; 20, 48, Bell. 3, 387 [s. ASchlatter, D. Theol. d. Judentums nach d. Bericht des Jos. ’32, 104ff]; Just., A I, 18, 6 al.). Some of the passages referred to in 1b above, end, are repeated, since they may be classified here or there w. equal justification. Of God: π. τῷ θεῷ (Orig., C. Cels. 4, 89, 15) Ac 16:34; 13:12 D; Tit 3:8; PtK 4 p. 16, 2; B 16:7; Hm 12, 6, 2; Hs 5, 1, 5. Cp. m 1:2; AcPl Ha 10, 13f. τῷ κυρίῳ (Sir 11:21; 2:8) Hv 4, 2, 6. οἱ πιστεύσαντες τῷ κυρίῳ διὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ Hs 9, 13, 5. τῷ θεῷ w. ὅτι foll. m 9:7; cp. Hs 1:7.—Of Christ: Mt 27:42 v.l. (for ἐπʼ αὐτόν); J 6:30 (σοί=vs. 29 εἰς ὸ̔ν ἀπέστειλεν ἐκεῖνος); J 8:31 (αὐτῷ=vs. 30 εἰς αὐτόν, but see Mlt. 67f; JSwetnam argues for a plpf. sense here: Biblica 61, ’80, 106–9); Ac 5:14; 18:8a (both τῷ κυρίῳ); Ro 10:14b (οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν = τούτῳ [about equivalent to εἰς τοῦτον; cp. vs. 14a] οὗ οὐκ ἤκ.); 2 Ti 1:12; ITr 9:2; Hs 8, 3, 2.—Pass. be believed in (X., Cyr. 4, 2, 8; 6, 1, 39; Pla., Lach. 181b; Ps.-Demosth. 58, 44 al.; 1 Km 27:12; Just., D. 7, 3; Tat. 10, 2. S. B-D-F §312, 1; also s. Rob. 815f) ἐπιστεύθη ἐν κόσμῳ 1 Ti 3:16.—π. τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ υἱοῦ believe in the name of the Son, i.e. believe in the Son and accept what his name proclaims him to be 1J 3:23.

β. w. εἰς (cp. Hippol., Elench. 6, 19, 7 W. οἱ εἰς τὸν Σίμωνα καὶ τὴν Ἑλένην πεπιστευκότες; Just., D. 35, 8 al.) God (BGU 874, 11 π. εἰς τὸν θεόν): J 12:44b; 14:1a (cp. ET 21, 1910, 53–57; 68–70; 138f); 1 Pt 1:21 v.l.=Pol 2:1.—Christ: Mt 18:6; Mk 9:42; J 2:11; 3:15 v.l., 16, 18a, 36; 4:39; 6:29, 35, 40, 47 v.l.; 7:5, 31, 38f, 48; 8:30; 9:35f; 10:42; 11:25, 26a, 45, 48; 12:11, 36 (εἰς τὸ φῶς), 37, 42, 44a, 46; 14:1b, 12; 16:9; 17:20; Ac 10:43; 14:23; 18:8 D; 19:4; Ro 10:14a; Gal 2:16; Phil 1:29; 1 Pt 1:8; 1J 5:10a; AcPlCor 2:31; Hs 8, 3, 2.—εἰς τὸ ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ (or αὐτοῦ, etc.) J 1:12; 2:23; 3:18c; 1J 5:13 (s. ὄνομα 1dβ and s. 2aα above, end). π. εἰς τὸν θάνατον αὐτοῦ ITr 2:1. π. εἰς τὸ αἷμα Χριστοῦ ISm 6:1.

γ. w. ἐπί and dat., of God Ac 11:17 D. Of Christ: Mt 27:42 v.l.; J 3:15 v.l.; Ro 9:33; 10:11; 1 Pt 2:6 (the last three Is 28:16); 1 Ti 1:16.

δ. w. ἐπί and acc. (Wsd 12:2; Just., D. 46, 1 al.) of God: Ac 16:34 D; Ro 4:5, 24; PtK 3 p. 15, 12. Of Christ: Mt 27:42; J 3:15 v.l.; Ac 9:42; 11:17; 16:31; 22:19.

ε. π. ἔν τινι believe in someone (Jer 12:6; Da 6:24 Theod.; Ps 77:22) is questionable in our lit.: in J 3:15 the best rdg. is ἐν αὐτῷ and is prob. to be construed w. ἔχῃ (in J πιστεύω usually takes the prep. εἰς when expressing the obj. of belief, as in 3:16); in Eph 1:13 both occurrences of ἐν ᾧ are prob. to be construed w. ἐσφραγίσθητε (=‘in connection with whom you have been sealed’ [cp. 4:30]); the acts of hearing and believing are coordinate, and πιστεύσαντες, along w. ἀκούσαντες, is used abs. (so REB; less clearly NRSV). But s. 1aε above: π. ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ Mk 1:15; IPhld 8:2.

ⓑ not expressed at all (the abs. πιστεύειν in a transcendent sense: Aeschin., In Ctesiph. 1 ἐγὼ πεπιστευκὼς ἥκω πρῶτον τοῖς θεοῖς; Aristot., Rhet. 2, 17, 1391b, 1ff; Plut., Mor. 170f; Porphyr., Ad Marcellam 24 πιστεῦσαι δεῖ, ὅτι [=because] μόνη σωτηρία ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ἐπιστροφή; Herm. Wr. 9, 10ab ἐπίστευσε καὶ ἐν τῇ καλῇ πίστει ἐπανεπαύσατο; cp. 1, 32 πιστεύω καὶ μαρτυρῶ=PapBerl 9795 [RReitzenstein, Studien z. antiken Synkretismus 1926, p. 161, 2]; Num 20:12; Ps 115:1; Is 7:9; Sir 2:13; 1 Macc 2:59; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 14; 101, Deus Imm. 4, Mut. Nom. 178; τότε πιστεύσεις θέλων καὶ μὴ θέλων Theoph. Ant. 1, 8 [p. 74, 7]) Mk 15:32; 16:16f; Lk 8:12f; J 1:7, 50; 3:15, 18b; 4:41f, 48, 53; 5:44; 6:36, 47, 64ab, perh. 69 (MEnslin, The Perf. Tense in the Fourth Gosp.: JBL 55, ’36, 121–31, esp. 128); 9:38; 10:26; 11:15, 40; 12:39; 20:31b; Ac 4:4; 8:13, 37a; 11:21; 13:12, 39, 48; 14:1; 15:5, 7; 17:12, 34; 18:8b, 27; 19:2; 21:25; Ro 1:16; 3:22; 4:11; 10:4; 13:11; 15:13; 1 Cor 1:21; 3:5; 15:2; Gal 3:22; Eph 1:13, 19; 1 Th 2:10, 13; Hb 4:3; 1 Pt 2:7; 1 Cl 12:7; 2 Cl 17:3; 20:2; B 9:3; B 11:11; ISm 3:2; Hs 8, 10, 3; 9, 17, 4; 9, 22, 3. τὸ πιστεύειν faith IMg 9:2. ἐν ἀγάπῃ πιστεύειν IPhld 9:2 (ἐν ἀγάπῃ is here used adv.).—Participles in the var. tenses are also used almost subst.: (οἱ) πιστεύοντες (the) believers, (the) Christians (Orig., C. Cels. 1, 13, 34; Did., Gen. 106, 6) Ac 2:44; Ro 3:22; 1 Cor 14:22ab (opp. οἱ ἄπιστοι); 1 Th 1:7; Hs 8, 3, 3. (οἱ) πιστεύσαντες (those) who made their commitment = (those) who became believers, (the) Christians, Ac 2:44 v.l.; 4:32; 2 Th 1:10a; 2 Cl 2:3; Hs 9, 19, 1. οἱ πεπιστευκότες those who became (and remained) believers Ac 19:18; 21:20 (Just., D. 122, 2).—οἱ μέλλοντες πιστεύειν future believers 1 Cl 42:4; Hm 4, 3, 3a. οἱ νῦν πιστεύσαντες those who have just come to believe ibid. 4, 3, 3b.

ⓒ A special kind of this faith is the confidence that God or Christ is in a position to help suppliants out of their distress, have confidence (some of the passages already mentioned might just as well be classified here) abs. ὡς ἐπίστευσας γενηθήτω σοι may it be done to you in accordance with the confidence you have Mt 8:13. ὅσα ἂν αἰτήσητε πιστεύοντες whatever you pray for with confidence 21:22. Cp. Mk 5:36; 9:23f; Lk 8:50; 2 Cor 4:13a (Ps 115:1), b. W. ὅτι foll.: πιστεύετε ὅτι δύναμαι τοῦτο ποιῆσαι; do you have confidence that I am able to do this? Mt 9:28.—Mk 11:23.

③ entrust τινί τι someth. to someone (X., Mem. 4, 4, 17; Plut., Mor. 519e; Athen. 8, 341a; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 25, 1; SIG² 845, 7, see for numerous other examples index VI p. 384b. Cp. Wsd 14:5; 1 Macc 8:16; 4 Macc 4:7; TestJob 11:11; Jos., Bell. 4, 492; Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 6) τὸ ἀληθινὸν τίς ὑμῖν πιστεύσει; Lk 16:11. αὐτῷ τοσούτων πιστευο̣μ̣έ̣ν̣ω̣ν̣ since so many (or so much) were ( was) entrusted to him AcPl Ha 7, 21 (connection uncertain). αὐτόν (so N. and Tdf.; v.l. ἑαυτόν) τινι trust oneself to someone (Brutus, Ep. 25; Plut., Mor. 181d ἀνδρὶ μᾶλλον ἀγαθῷ πιστεύσας ἑαυτὸν ἢ ὀχυρῷ τόπῳ=entrusting himself to a good man rather than to a stronghold; EpArist 270; Jos., Ant. 12, 396) J 2:24 (EStauffer, CDodd Festschr., ’56, 281–99.—Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 39a οὐ τοῖς τυχοῦσι φίλοις ἑαυτὸν ἐπίστευσεν=he did not trust himself to casual friends).—Pass. πιστεύομαί τι (B-D-F §159, 4) I am entrusted with someth. (Pla., Ep. 1, 309a; Polyb. 8, 17, 5; 31, 26, 7; Diod S 20, 19, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 136 §568 ἃ ἐπιστεύθην; ins; pap [e.g. PLond I, 121, 608 p. 203]; Jos., Bell. 5, 567, Vi. 137; Ath. 24, 3. Cp. Esth 8:12e.—Dssm., LO 320f [LAE 379]). ἐπιστεύθησαν τὰ λόγια τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 3:2. πεπίστευμαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον Gal 2:7 (PGM 13, 140 ὁ ὑπό σου πάντα πιστευθείς; 446); cp. 1 Th 2:4; 1 Ti 1:11.—Tit 1:3. οἰκονομίαν πεπίστευμαι 1 Cor 9:17; cp. Dg 7:1. S. also 7:2; IMg 6:1; IPhld 9:1ab. πιστεύομαί τι παρά τινος I am entrusted by someone with someth. (Polyb. 3, 69, 1; Jos., Bell. 1, 667): οἱ πιστευθέντες παρὰ θεοῦ ἔργον τοιοῦτο 1 Cl 43:1.

④ be confident about, a unique use found in ὸ̔ς μὲν πιστεύει φαγεῖν πάντα, someth. like the one is confident about eating anything Ro 14:2 (a combination of two ideas: ‘the pers. is so strong in the faith’ and: ‘the pers. is convinced that it is permissible to eat anything’; in brief: not cultically fussy. See Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc.; but also B-D-F §397, 2). Another probability is the sense

⑤ think/consider (possible), in Ro 14:2 perh. holds everything possible; cp. J 9:18 οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν they refused to entertain the possibility, and Ac 9:26. S. 4 above.—For lit. s. πίστις, end. DELG s.v. πείθομαι. M-M. EDNT. TW.

προορίζω 1 aor. προώρισα, pass. προωρίσθην (Demosth. 31, 4 codd.; Heliod. 7, 24, 4; TestSol 12:3; Sopater Rhet. [V A.D.]: Rhet. Gr. V p. 152, 20; var. pap fr. VI A.D. in non-Christian usage) decide upon beforehand, predetermine, of God (Iren. 2, 33, 5 [Harv. I 380, 5]) τινά someone Ro 8:30. Foll. by acc. w. inf. Ac 4:28. W. final εἰς foll.: τὶ someth. 1 Cor 2:7; τινά someone Eph 1:5. τινά τι someone as someth., to be someth. Ro 8:29. Pass. w. inf. foll. IEph ins Foll. by εἰς τὸ εἶναι Eph 1:11 (12).—RLiechtenhan, D. göttl. Vorherbestimmung bei Pls u. in d. posidonianischen Philosophie 1922; HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT II, ’66, 243–50. S. also προγινώσκω.—DELG s.v. ὅρος. TW.

ψευδομαρτυρέω impf. ἐψευδομαρτύρουν; fut. ψευδομαρτυρήσω; 1 aor. ἐψευδομαρτύρησα (ψεῦδος + μάρτυς, s. next entry; X., Mem. 4, 4, 11; Pla., Rep. 9, 575b, Leg. 11, 939c; Aristot., Rhet. 1, 14, 6, 1365a, 12, Rhet. ad Alex. 16, 1432a, 6; Jos., Ant. 3, 92; 4, 219; Ar. 15, 4; Just.) bear false witness, give false testimony Mt 19:18; Mk 10:19; Lk 18:20; Ro 13:9 v.l.; GJs 15:4 (all fr. the decalogue Ex 20:16; Dt 5:20; cp. Philo, Dec. 138; 172); D 2:3. κατά τινος against someone (so in the two decalogue passages in the OT; also Vi. Aesopi G 99 P.; schol. on Soph. Aj. 238 p. 24 Papag. [1888]) Mk 14:56f.—DELG s.v. ψεύδομαι and μάρτυς. M-M. EDNT. TW.

Θησεύς son of Poseidon, king of Athens. test., v. Ἀμαζών fr. 174, Πειρίθοος fr. 175, Δημοφῶν fr. 176. Tryph. (Rhet. Gr. 3. 202. 30 Speng.) Πίνδαρος δὲ ἐποίησε καὶ γαμβρὸν τοῖς Διοσκούροις Θησέα εἶναι βουλόμενον (Calderini: - ενος codd.: < ἁρπασθεῖσαν τὴν Ἑλένην διαφυλάξαι> add. Schr.) ἐς ὃ ἀπελθεῖν αὐτὸν Πειρίθῳ τὸν λεγόμενον γάμον ξυμπράξοντα fr. 258 ad fr. 243.

Πᾱν the god Pan.

αὐξ-ητικός, ή, όν,

A growing, of growth,

ἡ αὐ. ζωή Arist.EN 1098a1

;

ψυχή Id.Juv. 469a26

;

αὐ. εἰς μῆκος Thphr. HP1.9.1

. Adv.

-κῶς, κινεῖσθαι Ph.1.492

.

II [voice] Act., promoting growth, c. gen.,

σπληνός Hp.Acut.62

;

μεγέθους S.E.M.3.24

: abs.,

τροφή Arist.GA 745a3

; -κόν, τό, Id.Cael. 310a29.

2 metaph., amplificatory, in Rhet., Id.Rh. 1368a10, Longin.11.2, etc. Adv.

- κῶς Id.38.2

, Sch.Il.Oxy.221 ix 31.

III productive, Aq.Is.32.12.

αὔξ-ησις, εως, ἡ,

A growth, increase, Hp.VM6;

τῶν ἐχθρῶν Th.1.69

, cf. Plu.TG13;

κατὰ τὸ ποσόν Arist.Metaph. 1069b11

; of the Delta, Hdt.2.13: in Pl., increments, Pl.R. 546b; multiplications, Ascl.Tact.2.7.

2 amplification, in Rhet., Arist.Rh. 1368a27, 1413b34;

μετ' αὐξήσεως ἐξαγγέλλειν Plb.10.27.8

, cf. D.H.Th.19 (pl.).

3 Gramm., the augment, EM338.47.

βᾰρύτης [ῠ], ητος, ἡ, ([etym.] βαρύς)

A weight, heaviness,

νεῶν Th.7.62

, cf. Plb.1.51.9; opp. κουφότης, Thphr.HP5.3.1; heaviness of limb,

β. ναρκώδης Plu.2.978c

; of digestion, ἀπεψία καὶ β. ib.128b.

II of men, troublesomeness, importunity,

ἀηδίαι καὶ βαρύτητες Isoc.12.31

; disagreeableness, D.18.35, Plu.Cor.30, al.;

β. φρονήματος Id.Cat.Mi. 57

.

2 arrogance, Arist.Rh. 1391a28; gravity,

τοῦ ἤθους Plu. Fab.

I codd.

III of sound, depth, low pitch, opp. ὀξύτης, Pl.Prt. 316a, Arist.GA 778a19, de An. 422b30, Aristox.Harm.p.3M., D.H. Comp.11, etc.; the grave accent, opp. ὀξύτης, Arist.Po. 1456b33; absence of accent, A.D.Pron.38.15, al.

IV Rhet., adoption of an injured tone, Aps.p.331 H.

βάσις [ᾰ], εως, ἡ, ([etym.] βαίνω)

A stepping, step, and collectively, steps, A. Eu.36, S.Aj.8, etc.: metaph.,

ἡσύχῳ φρενῶν βάσει A.Ch. 452

(lyr.);

οὐκ ἔχων β.

power to step,

S.Ph. 691

(lyr.); τροχῶν βάσεις the rolling of the wheels, the rolling wheels, Id.El. 718; ἀρβύλης β. the print of the sandal, E.El. 532;

ποίμναις τήνδ' ἐπεμπίπτει βάσιν S.Aj.42

.

2 measured stepor movement,

β. χορείας Ar.Th. 968

, cf. Pi.P.1.2: hence, rhythmical or metrical movement, Pl.R. 399e, Lg. 670d: in Rhet., rhythmical close of a sentence, Hermog.Id.1.6, al.; clause forming transition from πρότασις to ἀπόδοσις, Id.Inv.1.5: and in Metric, metrical unit, monometer, Arist.Pol. 1263b35, Metaph. 1087b36, Heph.11, Longin.Proll.Heph.3, Mar. Vict.p.47.3 K., etc.

3 order, sequence,

θέσις καὶ β. Epicur.Ep.1p.10U.

II that with which one steps, a foot, Pl.Ti. 92a, Arist.GA 750a4;

ποδῶν β. E.Hec. 837

; θηλύπους β. their women's feet, Id.IA 421; β. δίχηλος, of the ostrich, D.S.3.28.3: abs.,

αἱ βάσεις Ph.1.226

, Act.Ap.3.7;

σφὶγξ εἶχε β. λέοντος Apollod.3.5.8

; leg, Id.1.3.5;

βάσεων ἀποκοπαί Diog.Oen.39

.

III that whereon one stands, base, pedestal, [ κρατῆρος] Alex.119; of statues, OGI705.6, etc.;

τρία ἔργα.. ἐπὶ μιᾶς β. Str.14.1.14

, cf. Luc.Philops. 19;

λεβήτων Plb.5.88.5

; of an engine, Hero Bel.88.1, al.; of a column, PLond.3.755v6 (iv A. D.): Medic.,

τοῦ ἐγκεφάλου Herophil.

ap. Placit.4.5.4, cf. Plu.Per.6;

τραχήλου Id.Pyrrh.34

;

κοῖλαι βλεφάρων ἰοτυπεῖς βάσιες AP5.86

(Rufin.);

αἱ ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς β. Sor. 1.27

, cf. Archig. ap. Aët. 16.101(91); of the heart, Gal.UP6.13;

ἐπανόρθωσις τὴν τοῦ κενουμένου βάσιν ἀναπληροῦσα Id.1.474

; foundation, basement,

ῥίζα πάντων καὶ β. ἁ γᾶ ἐρήρεισται Ti.Locr.97e

; so, of the soil,

πεδίων σπορίμα β. Hymn.Is.162

.

2 Geom., base of a solid or plane figure, Pl.Ti. 55b, Arist.APr. 41b15,al.; [ κώνου] Democr.155;

πυραμίδος Speus.

ap. Theol.Ar.63.

IV position, fixedness, opp. φορά, etym. of βέβαιος, Pl.Cra. 437a.

V Astrol., = ὡροσκόπος, Vett.Val.88.6, Paul.Al.T.2, Cat.Cod.Astr.8(4).132.

βρᾰχύτης [ῠ], ητος, ἡ,

A shortness, opp. μῆκος, Pl.Plt. 283c; μελέτης βραχύτητι with shortness of practice, Th.1.138; narrowness, deficiency,

μετὰ βραχύτητος γνώμης Id.3.42

.

2 smallness,

τοῦ βάθους Arist.Mete. 354a18

.

3 shortness of a syllable, in prosody, Pl.R. 400c (pl.), Arist.Po. 1456b32, Plu.2.947e, S.E.M.1.100.

4 scantiness,

τῶν ὄντων Lib.Or.62.59

.

5 shallowness,

θαλάττης Scyl. 112

.

6 Rhet., use of a condensed or allusive expression, Trypho Trop.p.202 S.

βρύττειν· ἐσθίειν, Hsch.; also,

A = πυρέττειν, EM216.25; = ὀρύττειν, Lex.Rhet.ib.28. [full] βρύττιον· πόμα ἐκ κριθῆς, Hsch.

γυμν-ᾰσία, ἡ,

A right to use γυμνάσιον, Arist.Pol. 1297a17 (s.v.l.); exercise,

σωματικὴ γ. 1 Ep.Ti.4.8

: pl., IG22.1006.65, SIG1073.19 (Olympia, ii A. D.); of military exercises,

ἡ ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις γ. Plb.4.7.6

; generally, struggle, Str.3.2.7;

αἱ καθ' ἡμέραν γ.

lessons,

D.H.Comp.20

: metaph. of mental exercise, Iamb.Comm.Math.24; freq. of disputation, Pl.Tht. 169c, Arist. Top. 101a27, al.; training,

γ. πρὸς τὰς πολιτικὰς πράξεις Plb.1.1.2

.

2 Rhet., practice: hence, arrangement, disposition, τοῦ διηγήματος Theo Prog.4, cf. Aphth.Prog.6.

δεινο-ποιέω, in Rhet.,

A amplify, D.H.Th.23, Nicol. Prog.p.42F.; use terrifying expressions, Porph.Chr.30.

δεινότης, ητος, ἡ,

A terribleness, Th.3.59,4.10; harshness, severity,

νόμων Id.3.46

.

II cleverness, shrewdness, D.18.144, Arist. EN 1144a23; opp. ἀλήθεια, Antipho5.5; esp. in an orator, Th.3.37, D.18.242,277;

ἡ ἐν τοῖς λόγοις δ. Isoc.1.4

;

δεινότητα λόγου ἐπιδείκνυσθαι Plu.Pomp.77

.

III Rhet., intensity, forcefulness, D.H. Comp.18, Th.53, al., Longin.34.4, Hermog.Id.2.9, al.: pl., Demetr. Eloc. 243.

δειν-ωτικός, ή, όν, Rhet.,

A pertaining to

δείνωσις 1

,

ὗλαι Corn.Rh.p.394H.

διάβᾰσις, εως, ἡ,

A crossing over, passage,

δ. ποιεῖσθαι Hdt.1.186

, etc.; act of crossing,

αἱ δ. τῶν ὀχετῶν διασπῶσι τὰς φάλαγγας Arist. Pol. 1303b12

.

2 means or place of crossing, Hdt.1.205;

δ. ποταμῶν

fords,

Th.7.74

, cf. X.An.1.5.12, etc.; bridge, ib.2.3.10; passage along a ship's deck, gangway, Hp.Ep.14, Plu.Cim.12; ferry-boat, LXX 2 Ki.19.18.

II the Jewish Passover, Ph.1.117.

III ἡ τῶν ὡρῶν δ. transition of the seasons, Ael.NA9.46.

IV in Gramm., transitive force of Verbs,

τὰ ἐν δ. τοῦ προσώπου ῥήματα A.D. Synt.202.7

, al.

V in Rhet. of intervals or pauses in pronunciation caused by long syllables and the like ,

ῥυθμοὶ πλείστην ἔχοντες δ. D.H.Comp.20

; cf.

διαβαίνω 1

.

διαίρ-εσις, εως, ἡ,

A divisibility, Arist.Metaph. 1016b4, al.

2 Medic., dissection,

ζῴων Gal.4.664

.

b venesection, Antyll. ap. Orib.7.9.2.

c surgical operation, Phld.Lib.p.56O.

d pl., wounds, Diod.Rh.p.53H.

II dividing, distribution, of money, Hdt.7.144; of spoil, X.Cyr.4.5.55; ἐν διαιρέσει [ψήφων] in the reckoning of the votes on either side, A. Eu. 749;

ἀντίγραφον διαιρέσεως BGU1013.1

(i A.D.).

III distinction,

ἀγνωσίας τε καὶ γνώσεως Pl.Sph. 267b

; [τῆς δημοκρατίας καὶ τῆς ὀλιγαρχίας] Arist.Pol. 1294a34.

IV in Logic, division of genus into species,

τῶν γενῶν κατ' εἴδη δ. Pl.Sph. 267d

;

ἡ διὰ τῶν γενῶν δ. Arist.APr. 46a31

; opp. συναγωγαί, Pl.Phdr. 266b.

b separation of subject and predicate,

περὶ σύνθεσιν καὶ δ. ἐστι τὸ ψεῦδος καὶ τὸ ἀληθές Arist.Int. 16a12

.

2 ὁ παρὰ τὴν δ. [λόγος] the fallacy of division (cf. σύνθεσις), Id.SE 177a33.

V Rhet., division or distribution into heads, Hermog.Prog.7, Stat.1, Onos.2 tit., etc.

VI Gramm., resolution of a diphthong into two syllables, A.D.Pron.87.2, al.; of one word into two,

κατὰ διαίρεσιν ἀναγνωστέον Ath.11.492a

, cf. Trypho Trop.1.8.

VII in Metric, division of a line at the close of a foot, diaeresis, Aristid.Quint.1.24.

VIII Math., δ. λόγου transformation of a ratio dividendo, Euc. 5Def.15;

κατὰ διαίρεσιν Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.6

.

IX division of troops, of the Roman cohors, J.AJ7.14.9.

διαιρ-ετικός, ή, όν,

A logically distinguishable, Pl.Sph. 226c.

2 able to divide, separative, Arist.Pr. 884b35;

δ. δύναμις Plu.2.1026d

, cf. 952b.

3 given to resolving diphthongs,

- κώτατοι οἱ Ἴωνες A.D.Pron.95.4

.

4 suited for breaking up,

λίθων Gal.19.694

.

II in Logic, by means of division,

ὅροι Arist.APo. 91b39

; διαιρετική, ἡ, as a branch of Dialectic, Ammon.in APr.7.31, cf. Iamb.Comm.Math.20;

δ. μέθοδος Gal.10.115

; δ. συλλογισμός disjunctive syllogism, with contradictory alternatives, Stoic.2.87. Adv.

- κῶς Plu.2.802f

.

III Rhet., concerned with distribution under heads,

τέχνη Hermog.Inv.3.4

, cf. Stat.6, Lib. Decl.49Intr.2.

διαίρω, [tense] aor.

A

διῆρα D.H.1.35

:—raise up, lift up,

δ. ἄνω τὸν αὐχένα X.Eq.10.3

: metaph., exaggerate,

τὰ πράγματα Ph.2.575

:—[voice] Med., rise, become prominent, of the breasts, Hp.Gland.16; lift up oneself,

πρὸς τὴν τῶν ὅλων θέαν Arist.Mu. 391a3

: c. acc., lift up what is one's own,

δ. τὴν βακτηρίαν Plu.Lys.15

;

τοὺς ἄκοντας Luc.Tox.40

; τόσον δ. take so much on oneself, dub. l. in Pl.Ax. 370b:—[voice] Pass., δ. πρός, εἰς ὕψος, Ph.2.510, 619: metaph.,

πρὸς ἀλαζονείαν Plu.2

. 116e.

II separate, remove,

τὸν πόλεμον ἀπό.. Plu.Ages.15

:— [voice] Med., διαράμενος (sc. τοὺς πόδας) with long strides, Thphr.Char.3.6.

2 δ. τὸ στόμα open one's mouth, D.19.112,207: hence Rhet.,

διηρμένος

lofty, sublime,

D.H.Rh.6.6

, Vett.Cens.5.3, Longin.2.2, Hermog. Id.2.9; λέξις ib.1.1;

ποιητική Luc.Hist.Conscr.45

.

III intr. (sc. ἑαυτόν, etc.), lift oneself over, cross, τὸ πέλαγος, of swans, Arist.Fr. 344;

τὸν πόρον Plb.1.37.1

; εἰς Σαρδόνα ib.24.5, etc.;

τὴν ἀκτήν D.H.

l.c.