-
41 ♦ bridge
♦ bridge (1) /brɪdʒ/n.1 ponte: a bridge across the Cam, un ponte sul Cam; a bridge over the motorway, un ponte sull'autostrada; bridge of boats, ponte di barche; railway bridge, ponte della ferrovia; toll bridge, ponte (soggetto) a pedaggio2 (fig.) ponte; collegamento; passaggio; trampolino di lancio3 (naut.) ponte di comando; plancia10 (elettr.) ponte; collegamento (o derivazione) in parallelo: bridge circuit, circuito a ponte (o a portale)● bridge crane, gru a ponte □ bridge-builder, pontiere; (fig.) mediatore □ bridge-building, construzione di ponti; (fig.) promozione di rapporti amichevoli, opera di mediazione □ (naut.) bridge deck, ponte di comando; plancia □ (fin. USA) bridge loan, prestito compensativo; finanziamento ponte □ (naut.) bridge house, cassero centrale □ (GB) bridge roll, panino morbido di forma allungata □ the Bridge of Sighs, il Ponte dei Sospiri ( a Venezia e a Cambridge) □ (mus.) bridge passage, passaggio □ to build bridges, stabilire relazioni amichevoli; fare da mediatore; fare da pontiere □ to burn one's bridges, bruciare (o tagliarsi) i ponti alle spalle □ We'll cross that bridge when we come to it, ci penseremo quando sarà il momento □ (prov.) Don't cross your bridges before you come to them, non fasciarti la testa prima d'essertela rotta.bridge (2) /brɪdʒ/n. [u]● bridge player, bridgista.(to) bridge /brɪdʒ/v. t.3 ( di passerella, ecc.) fare da ponte su; passare sopra a; attraversare: A plank bridged the stream, un'asse faceva da ponte sul ruscello5 (fig.) collegare; fare da ponte fra6 (fig.) colmare; superare: to bridge a gap, colmare un divario, una lacuna, un distacco; colmare le distanze -
42 build
[bɪld] 1. n( of person) budowa f (ciała)2. vt; pt, pp built,Phrasal Verbs:- build on- build up* * *[bild] 1. past tense, past participle - built; verb(to form or construct from parts: build a house/railway/bookcase.) budować2. noun(physical form: a man of heavy build.) budowa- builder- building
- building society
- built-in
- built-up
- build up -
43 build
[bild] 1. past tense, past participle - built; verb(to form or construct from parts: build a house/railway/bookcase.) celt; būvēt; montēt2. noun(physical form: a man of heavy build.) ķermeņa uzbūve- builder- building
- building society
- built-in
- built-up
- build up* * *konstrukcija, veidojums; ķermeņa uzbūve; būvēt, celt; veidot; montēt, konstruēt; vīt -
44 build
-
45 build
n. konstruktion; kroppsbyggnad--------v. bygga; grunda, anlägga; uppföra; forma* * *[bild] 1. past tense, past participle - built; verb(to form or construct from parts: build a house/railway/bookcase.) bygga2. noun(physical form: a man of heavy build.) kroppsbyggnad- builder- building
- building society
- built-in
- built-up
- build up -
46 build
[bild] 1. past tense, past participle - built; verb(to form or construct from parts: build a house/railway/bookcase.) stavět, budovat2. noun(physical form: a man of heavy build.) stavba, postava- builder- building
- building society
- built-in
- built-up
- build up* * *• vybudovat• postavit• sestavit• stavět• budovat• build/built/built -
47 build
-
48 build
-
49 model
n -
50 build
-
51 узел
1. м. маш. unit, assembly2. м. мор. knot3. м. физ. node, nodal pointкоммутационный узел имеет соединение от каждого к каждому — a switching centre is interconnected from each one to each other
узел нагрузки — load node; load centre
-
52 build
-
53 build
-
54 Baldwin, Matthias William
[br]b. 10 November 1795 Elizabethtown, New Jersey, USAd. 7 September 1866 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American builder of steam locomotives, founder of Baldwin Locomotive Works.[br]After apprenticeship as a jeweller, Baldwin set up a machinery manufacturing business, and built stationary steam engines and, in 1832, his first locomotive, Old Ironsides, for the then-new Philadelphia, Germantown \& Norristown Railroad. Old Ironsides achieved only 1 mph (1.6 km/h) on trial, but after experimentation reached 28 mph (45 km/h). Over the next ten years Baldwin built many stationary engines and ten more locomotives, and subsequently built locomotives exclusively.He steadily introduced detail improvements in locomotive design; standardized components by means of templates and gauges from 1838 onwards; introduced the cylinder cast integrally with half of the smokebox saddle in 1858; and in 1862 imported steel tyres, which had first been manufactured in Germany by Krupp of Essen in 1851, and began the practice in the USA of shrinking them on to locomotive wheels. At the time of Matthias Baldwin's death, the Baldwin Locomotive Works had built some 1,500 locomotives: it went on to become the largest locomotive building firm to develop from a single foundation, and by the time it built its last steam locomotive, in 1955, had produced about 75,000 in total.[br]Further ReadingJ.H.White Jr, 1979, A History of the American Locomotive—Its Development 1830–1880, New York: Dover Publications Inc.J.Marshall, 1978, A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.Dictionary of American Biography.PJGRBiographical history of technology > Baldwin, Matthias William
-
55 Eads, James Buchanan
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 23 May 1820 Lawrenceburg, Indiana, USAd. 8 March 1887 Nassau, Bahamas[br]American bridge-builder and hydraulic engineer.[br]The son of an immigrant merchant, he was educated at the local school, leaving at the age of 13 to take on various jobs, eventually becoming a purser on a Mississippi steamboat. He was struck by the number of wrecks lying in the river; he devised a diving bell and, at the age of 22, set up in business as a salvage engineer. So successful was he at this venture that he was able to retire in three years' time and set up the first glassworks west of the Ohio River. This, however, was a failure and in 1848 he returned to the business of salvage on the Ohio River. He was so successful that he was able to retire permanently in 1857. From the start of the American Civil War in 1861 he recommended to President Lincoln that he should obtain a fleet of armour-plated, steam-powered gunboats to operate on the western rivers. He built seven of these himself, later building or converting a further eighteen. After the end of the war he obtained the contract to design and build a bridge over the Mississippi at St Louis. In this he made use of his considerable knowledge of the river-bed currents. He built a bridge with a 500 ft (150 m) centre span and a clearance of 50 ft (15 m) that was completed in 1874. The three spans are, respectively, 502 ft, 520 ft and 502 ft (153 m, 158 m and 153 m), each being spanned by an arch. The Mississippi river is subject to great changes, both seasonal and irregular, with a range of over 41 ft (12.5 m) between low and high water and a velocity varying from 4 ft (1.2 m) to 12 1/2 ft (3.8 m) per second. The Eads Bridge was completed in 1874 and in the following year Eads was commissioned to open one of the mouths of the Mississippi, for which he constructed a number of jetty traps. He was involved later in attempts to construct a ship railway across the isthmus of Panama. He had been suffering from indifferent health for some years, and this effort was too much for him. He died on 8 March 1887. He was the first American to be awarded the Royal Society of Arts' Albert Medal.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRoyal Society of Arts Albert Medal.Further ReadingD.B.Steinman and S.R.Watson, 1941, Bridges and their Builders, New York: Dover Publications.T.I.Williams, Biographical Dictionary of Science.IMcN -
56 Sommeiller, Germain
[br]b. 15 March 1815 St Jeoire, Haute-Savoie, Franced. 11 July 1874 St Jeoire, Haute-Savoie, France[br]French civil engineer, builder of the Mont Cénis tunnel in the Alps.[br]Having been employed in railway construction in Sardinia, Sommeiller was working as an engineer at the University of Turin when, in 1857, he was commissioned to take charge of the French part in the construction of the 13 km (8 mile) tunnel under Mont Cénis between Modane, France, and Bardonècchia, Italy. This was to be the first long-distance tunnel through rock in the Alps driven from two headings with no intervening shafts; it is a landmark in the history of technology thanks to the use of a number of pioneering techniques in its construction.As steam power was unsuitable because of the difficulties in transmitting power over long distances, Sommeiller developed ideas for the use of compressed-air machinery, first mooted by Daniel Colladon of Geneva in 1855; this also solved the problems of ventilation. He also decided to adapt the principle of his compressed-air ram to supply extra power to locomotives on steep gradients. In 1860 he took out a patent in France for a combined compressor-pump, and in 1861 his first percussion drill, mounted on a carriage, was introduced. Although it was of little use at first, Sommeiller improved his drill through trial and error, including the use of the diamond drill-crowns patented by Georges Auguste Leschot in 1862. The invention of dynamite by Alfred Nobel contributed decisively to the speedy completion of the tunnel by the end of 1870, several years ahead of schedule.[br]Further ReadingA.Schwenger-Lerchenfeld, 1884, Die Überschienung der Alpen, Berlin; reprint 1983, Berlin: Moers, pp. 60–77 (explains how the use of compressed air for rock drilling in the Mont Cénis tunnel was a complex process of innovations to which several engineers contributed).W.Bersch, 1898, Mit Schlägel und Eisen, Vienna: reprint 1985 (with introd. by W.Kroker), Dusseldorf, pp. 242–4.WK -
57 عامل
عَامِل \ active: busy; not lazy; able to do things: My father is old but still active. He takes an active part in village affairs. agent: (esp. in science) sth. that acts on sth. else and produces an effect. hand: a worker: a factory hand. labourer, laborer: sb. who performs heavy unskilled work. man: an employed male: the builder’s men. worker: anyone who works, but esp. an employed person: Is she an office worker or a factory worker?. workman: sb. who works with his hands at a skilled job. \ See Also نشيط (نَشيط)، فعال (فَعّال) \ عَامِل الإشارات (في سِكّة الحَديد) \ signalman, signalmen: a signaller; sb. who sets signals on a railway. \ عَامِل الإشارة (في الجَيْش) \ signaller, signaler: a soldier whose job is to send and receive signals. \ عَامِل مُضْرِب عن العَمَل \ striker: sb. who stops work in support of some demand. \ عَامِلُ شَحْنِ وتفريغِ السُّفُن \ stevedore: sb. who loads or unloads a ship. \ عَامِل على آلة \ operator: sb. who controls a machine (esp. a radio or telephone): Pick up your telephone and ask the operator for the number that you want. \ See Also جهاز (جِهاز) \ عَامِل في مَنْجَم \ miner: sb. who works in a mine: a coal miner. \ عَامِل كهربائيّ \ electrician: sb. who looks after electrical supplies and instruments. \ عَامِل مَاهِر \ craftsman, craftsmen: sb. skilled with the hands. \ عَامِل مساعِد \ factor: any cause, condition, etc. that helps to produce a result: One’s age and experience are important factors in finding a job. \ عَامِل الميناء \ docker: sb. who works at loading or repairing ships.
См. также в других словарях:
builder — build‧er [ˈbɪldə ǁ ər] noun [countable] 1. PROPERTY JOBS a person or company that builds or repairs buildings: • He called in a local firm of builders. ˌcowboy ˈbuilder informal P … Financial and business terms
Bishops Castle Railway — The original plan behind the Bishops Castle Railway in 1861 was to build a line from Craven Arms to Montgomery, thus linking the Shrewsbury to Hereford line to the Oswestry to Newtown, Powys line (later called the Cambrian Line), linking Mid… … Wikipedia
South Maitland Railway — [v · East Greta No1 Tunnel Colliery coal loader Legend … Wikipedia
Empire Builder — Infobox Amtrak name = Empire Builder logo filename = logo size = logo caption = image size =300 image caption =Amtrak s Empire Builder stops in Minot, North Dakota in June, 2002. infobox rdt|Amtrak Empire Builder map size = map caption = numbers … Wikipedia
Great Northern Railway (U.S.) — Infobox SG rail railroad name=Great Northern Railway logo filename=Great Northern Herald.png logo size=100 system map size=300 map caption=Great Northern route map circa 1920. Red lines are GN; dotted lines are other railroads. marks=GN locale=St … Wikipedia
Great Northern Railway — Great Nothern RailWay (1900) Le Great Northern Railway est un ancien réseau de chemin de fer reliant les villes de St. Paul (Minnesota) à la ville de Seattle (Washington) aux États Unis. Le tracé long de 2 736 km, est développé au … Wikipédia en Français
Midwest Electric Railway — Reporting mark MERA[1][nb 1] Locale Mt. Pleasant, Henry County, Eastern Iowa Dates of operation 19xx … Wikipedia
Torbay and Brixham Railway — Infobox rail|railroad name=Torbay and Brixham Railway gauge=7 ft 0¼ in length=2.07 miles start year=1868 end year=1883 hq city=Brixham locale=England successor line=Great Western RailwayThe Torbay and Brixham Railway was a 7 ft 0¼ in broad gauge… … Wikipedia
South Devon Railway 0-4-0 locomotives — The South Devon Railway 0 4 0 locomotives were small 0 4 0 broad gauge locomotives operated on the South Devon Railway, Cornwall Railway, mainly on the dockside lines around Plymouth.On 1 February 1876 the South Devon Railway was amalgamated with … Wikipedia
Bristol and Exeter Railway 4-2-4T locomotives — The 14 Bristol and Exeter Railway 4 2 4T locomotives were broad gauge 4 2 4T steam locomotives built to three different designs. The first entered service in 1853 and the last was withdrawn in 1885. The Bristol and Exeter Railway was amalgamated… … Wikipedia
Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway — Romney, Hythe Dymchurch Railway Northern Chief at New Romney Overview Type Light railway Locale Ken … Wikipedia