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1 keppni, kapphlaup
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2 kynòáttur/-stofn
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3 kynstofn/-òáttur
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4 òreyta kapphlaup
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5 taka òátt í hlaupi
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6 RÁS
* * *n. impetuosity, hurry (þegar eigi er of mikit ras á þér).* * *f. [perh. from renna; A. S. ræs; Engl. race], a race, running; hesta rás, Sighvat (Ó. H. 56); gullbitluð vart gör til rásar, Hkv. 1. 41; ef hestr bregðr rás, turns shy, N. G. L. ii. 132; of a man, ok hepta honum svá rás, and stop him thus, i. 68: the phrase, taka á rás, to take to one’s, heels, run off, Eg. 216, Nj. 253, Eb. 62; síðan tekr hann á mikilli rás ofan eptir götunum, Hrafn. 7; hefja á rás, id. Eg. 237:—metaph., of water, stóra læki stemmdi upp svá at eigi náðu sinni rás, Fms. vi. 67; tóku vötnin at bægja rás sinni, Landn. 251, v. l.; blóð-rás, vatns-rás, q. v.2. a course, channel; um leyniligar jarðarinnar rásir, Stj. 13; rás heyrnar, the channel of hearing, the ears, Edda i. 538; bruðr lætr eigi fram ór enni sömu ŕs bæði sætt vaða ok beiskt, Hom. (St.) James iii. 11: réttri rás Guðligra bóðorða, Fms. i. 304; lífs rás, the race of life, Hom. (St.)II. plur. a race, host; engla rásir, Lil. 40; rásir dægra, the course of the days, Lil. 67; rásir heilagra manna, Mar.; rita tvennar rásir stafanna, MS. 544. 2; vitr ok smá-smugull í rásum ritninganna, Mar.; cp. ‘ race of heaven,’ Shakesp. rásar-skeið, n. a race-course, Sks. 631. -
7 SKEIÐ
I)(pl. -ir), f.1) war-ship, galley (snekkjur ok skeiðir);2) a weaver’s reed, sley;3) pl. sheath (tók hann kníf sinn ór skeiðum).n.1) race, run;renna skeið við e-n, to run a race with one;ríða á skeið, to ride at full speed;hlaupa á skeið, to set off running (hann kastar niðr verkfœrum ok hleypr á skeið heim til bœjar);gera (or renna) skeið at e-u, to make a run at a thing;skapa (or skopa) skeið, to take a run;taka e-t á skeiði, to catch it on the move (G. tók knöttinn á skeiði);2) race-course (var þar gott skeið at renna eptir sléttum velli);3) a piece of way;skammt, langt skeið, a short, long way;4) space of time (þat var eitt skeið, at);nökkut skeið, for some time (Njáll þagnaði nökkut skeið);um skeið, for a while;annat skeið, after a while, every now and then (hann hafði niðri aðra höndina at jörðu ok bregðr henni annat skeið at nösum);vera á œsku skeiði, á léttasta skeiði aldrs, to be in the prime of life;vera af œsku skeiði, to be no longer a young man.* * *1.f., pl. skeiðr, Fb. i. 532. l. 1, ii. 42. l. 4, Fms. iv. 135, vi. 78, x. 54 (in a verse); the form skeiðar (see Lex. Poët.) seems to be erroneous: [akin to skíð and skeið, n.]:—a kind of swift-sailing ship of war of the class langskip, but distinguished from dreki, freq. in the Sagas; Erlingr átti skeið mikla, hón var tvau rúm ok þrjátigi, Fms. iii. 41, Ó. H. passim, cp. Fms. i. 46, vi. 308; tuttugu langskip, tvær skeiðr ok tvá knörru, v. 169, cp. snekkja.II. the slay or weaver’s rod, with which in former times the weft was beaten; sverð var fyrir skeið (cp. skulum slá sverðum sigrvef þenna), Nj. 275; vind-skeið, q. v.2. a spoon, Dan. skee, freq. in mod. usage; a spoon made of silver is skeið of horn spónn, of wood sleif; the word is mod., but occurs in D. N. i. 895, ii. 627 (of the begin, of the 15th century).COMPDS: skeiðar-kinn, skeiðar-nef, a nickname, from the beaks of swift ships, Landn. skeiðar-kylfi, n. a club or beak on the skeið, Ó. H. 40 (Fb. ii. 44, where kylfa, f., as also in Sighvat’s verse).2.n. a race; renna skeið við e-n, to run a race with one, Edda 31; ríða á skeið, to ride at full speed, Ísl. ii. 252; hleypa (hesti) á skeið, id.; renna at í einu skeiði, in one run, one bound, Glúm. 386; taka e-n á skeiði, to overtake, Karl. 431; þeir tóku þá skeið ( gallopped) ofan eptir ánni, Sturl. iii. 23; skapa skeið (or skopa skeið, Fas. ii. 283, Gísl. 69, FS. 51), to take a run, Fas. ii. 553, Al. 169, Edda 31; renna skeið at kastala vegginum, Sturl. ii. 144, Fær. 110; göra skeið at vegginum, Eb. 310; hann görði skeið at dyrunum, Sturl. i. 143; hlaupa á skeið, to take a run, Njarð. 370; taka skeið, Orkn. 416; reyna skeið, Fms. vii. 170.II. a course, of space; var þar gott skeið at renna eptir sléttum velli, … til skeiðs enda … á mitt skeiðit, Edda 31; er þeir kómu á skeið þat er síðan er kallað Dúfuness-skeið, … á miðju skeiði, Landn. 194; skamt skeið, a short way, Fms. viii. 34; fór hann nökkuð skeið með Rafni, Bs. i. 766: langt skeið, Edda 54: = Lat. stadium, Stj., Rb., Eluc.2. of a space of time; þat var eitt skeið, it was one space of time that …, Fas. ii. 408; Njáll þagnaði nokkut skeið, a while, Nj. 65; um skeið, for a while, Fms. vii. 339; hann hafði niðri aðra hendina á jörðu, ok bregðr henni annat skeið ( every now and then) at nösum sér, Fær. 170; hann lagði sverðit um kné sér ok dró annat skeið til hálfs, Eg. 304: of the time of day, um sólar upprásar-skeið, dagmála-skeið, lýsingar-skeið, miðmunda-skeið, nón-skeið, náttmála-skeið, sólarfalls-skeið, dagsetrs-skeið, miðnættis-skeið, passim; see dagmál, nón, miðmundi, etc.: of the seasons, miðsumars-skeið, vetrnátta-skeið, Leiðar-skeið, see miðsumar, etc.: of life, vera á æsku skeiði, in the prime of life; á léttasta skeiði aldrs, id., Eg. 536.III. in local names, Skeið, Skeiðar-á, Landn. Skeiða-menn, m. pl. the men of S., Sturl. -
8 ÞREYTA
(-tta, -ttr), v. to prosecute a thing stoutly to strive hard in a thing;þreyta leik, rás við e-n, to contend in a game, run a race with one;þreyta kapp-sigling, to sail a race;þreyta drykkju við e-n, to vie in drinking with one;þreyta á drykkjuna, to strive hard to drink;þreyta e-t með kappmælum, to dispute eagerly;þreyta lög um e-t, to contend at law;jarlarnir þreyttu þetta með sér, it came to high words between them;þeir þreyttu at komast inn í borgina, they tried hard to get into the burgh;þreyta hest sporum, to prick the horse with the spurs.* * *t, [þraut], to prosecute a case stoutly, to strive, struggle, in a race, task, labour; þreyta leik, rás, kapp-sigling við e-n, to contend in a game, run a race with one, or the like, Edda 34, Fms. vi. 269, 360; þ. á drykkjuna, to contend in drinking, have a drinking-bout, Edda 34; þ. rás, to run a race, id.: þ. e-t með kappmælum, to dispute eagerly, Fms. i. 11; þreyttu þeir þetta með kappmælum þar til er hvárir-tveggju vápnuðusk, vi. 136; er þér þreytið þetta mál svá mjök, vii. 169; meirr þreytti Rútr þat með kappi en með lögum … at þeir þreytti þat ekki með sér, Nj. 31; jarlarnir þreyttu þetta með sér, it came to high words between them, Hkr. i. 87; þ. lög inn e-t, to contend at law, Fms. vii. 132, 135; þeir þreyttu ( tried bard) at komask í borgina, Edda; þreya heim, to strive to get home, K. Þ. K. 94; ef þú þreytir vel á jarðríki, if thou strivest well in this life, Mar.; þreyta hest sporum, to prick the horse with the spurs, Karl. 92.2. hence in mod. usage, to wear out, exhaust; in old writers it seems not to occur in this sense, except as pass.; öflin þreyttusk, were exhausted, Bret. ch. 4: part., þótt hann sé mjök at þreyttr, sorely tried, Nj. 64. -
9 KAPP
n. contest, zeal, eagerness, ardour; deila kappi við e-n, brjóta kapp (halda til kapps) við e-n, to contend, contest, with one; með kappi, with ardour; meirr af kappi en forsjá, with more obstinacy than prudence; berjast af miklu kappi, with great ardour; renna í köpp við e-n, to run a race with.* * *n. [a word common to all Teut. languages; A. S. camp; O. H. G. champh; Germ. kampf; Swed. and Dan. kamp; in the Icel. the m is assimilated; and in Danish also kap]:—contest, zeal, eagerness, energy, but throughout with the notion of contest, which is the old sense; even in early Germ. kamph is still duellum, whence it came to mean bellum: deila kappi við e-n, to contend, contest with one; megu vér eigi deila kappi við Hrafnkel, Hrafn. 10; þungt get ek at deila kappi við Hrafnkel um múla-ferli, 11; er hann deildi kappi við Þorgrím goða á Þórness-þingi ok við sonu hans, Ísl. ii. 215; deila kappi við konunga, Fagrsk. 10; mikit er upp tekit, ef þú vill kappi deila við Ólaf Svía-konung ok við Knút, Ó. H. 33; ok ætla þér aldri síðan at deila kappi við oss bræðr, Fs. 57, cp. deila I. 4: brjóta kapp við e-n, to wage war against; hæfir þat ekki konungdómi yðrum at brjóta kapp við kvennmenn, Fagrsk. 10, Fms. vii. 45 (in a verse): at halda til kapps ok jafns við þá höfðingjana, Fb. ii. 46; sögðu honum þat betr sama, at halda eigi til kapps við þá Hofs-menn, Fs. 35: kosta kapps um e-t, to strive.2. a race; in the phrase, bað hann renna í köpp við ( run a race with) Þjálfa, Edda 31; at vit at köppum kenndar vórum, we were noted for our matches, Gs. 14; ekki dýr er þat, at renna mætti í köpp við hann, Karl. 514, cp. Dan. löbe omkaps med en = to run a race.II. eagerness, vehemence; er konungi mikit kapp á því, Eg. 16; eigi veit ek hvar kapp þitt er nú komit, Ld. 166; hann lætr engi mann þora at mæla við sik nema þat eitt er hann vill vera láta, ok hefir hann þar við allt kapp, Ó. H. 68; mæltu þá sumir at honum hlypi kapp í kinn, Sturl. iii. 232; at þat væri konungi vegsemd en eigi fyrir kapps sakir við hann, Eg. 44; honum görðisk svá mikit kapp á þessi veiði, at hann skreið þar eptir allan dag, Ó. H. 85; kapps lystr, eager, Hornklofi; lögðu þeir á þat it mesta kapp hverr betr reið eðr betri hesta átti, Hkr. i. 27; Önundr konungr lagði á þat kapp mikit ok kostnað, at ryðja markir ok byggja eptir ruðin, 44; með kappi ok ágirnd, D. N. i. 3; berjask af miklu kappi, Þiðr. 326; gangask þær tvennar fylkingar at móti með miklu kappi, 328; verja með kappi, Eg. 720; þessi ætlan er meir af kappi en forsjá, Ó. H. 32; var sú veizla gör með enu mesta kappi, 31; hón gékk at með öllu kappi at veita Ólafi konungi, 51; meir sækir þú þetta með fjár-ágirnd ok kappi ( obstinacy) heldr en við góðvild ok drengskap, Nj. 15.III. gen. kapps, intens. kapps-vel, mighty well, Bjarn. (in a verse), Fms. vii. 45 (in a verse); kapps-auðigr, mighty wealthy, Merl. 1. 9; kapps-hár, mighty high (cp. Dan. kjephöj), Lex. Poët.; kona kapps gálig, a very gentle woman, Akv. 6; or even singly.COMPDS: kappsfullr, kappsmaðr. -
10 ÁTT
* * *I) f.1) family, race;* * *1.f. a family, race, v. ætt and compds; for a fuller account of this word see ætt, p. 760.2.and ætt, f., pl. áttir and ættir [Germ. acht = Lat. ager, praedium, a rare and obsolete word in Germ.], plaga caeli, quarter; just as quarter refers to the number four, so átt seems to refer to eight: átt properly means that part of the horizon which subtends an arc traversed by the sun in the course of three hours; thus defined,—meðan sól veltist urn átta ættir, Sks. 54; ok þat eru þá þrjár stundir dags er sól veltist um eina sett, id.; the names of the eight áttir are, útnorðr á., north-west; norðr á., north; landnorðr á., north-east; austr a., east; landsuðr á., south-east; suðr á., south; útsuðr á., south-west; vestr á., west; four of which (the compounds) are subdivisions; átt is therefore freq. used of the four only, Loki görði þar hús ok fjórar dyrr, at hann mátti sjá ór húsinu í allar áttir, … to all (i. e. four) sides, Edda 39: or it is used generally, from all sides, þá drífr snær ór öllum áttum, Edda 40; drífa þeir til ór öllum áttum (= hvaðanæva), Hkr. i. 33; norðrætt, Edda 4, 23; hence a mod. verb átta, að; á. sik, to find the true quarter, to set oneself right, cp. Fr. s’orienter.COMPDS: áttaskipan, áttaskipti, áttaviltr. -
11 HROSS
n.1) horse;2) mare.* * *m., spelt hors, Stj. 178: [A. S. hors; Engl. horse; O. H. G. hros; Germ. ross]:— a horse, Hm. 70, Grág. i. 194, 432, 433, 599, Nj. 69, Sturl. iii. 227, Gþl. 190, Eb. 106, Fb. ii. 184, 313; stóð-h., a stud-horse, steed; mer-h., a mare; áburðar-h., a hackney.2. spec. a mare, opp. to hestr, a stallion; litföróttr hestr með ljósum hrossum, Gullþ. 14, Hrafn. 6; hestr eða h., N. G. L. ii. 68; ef maðr á hest ( a stallion), þá skal hann annathvárt kaupa hross ( a mare) til, eða fá at láni, 125.COMPDS:I. hrossa-bein, n. horse bone, horse flesh, Sturl. i. 184. hrossa-beit, f. bite or grazing for horses, Jm. 20, Pm. 38. hrossa-brestr, m. a rattle. hrossa-fellir, m. loss of horses, from hunger or disease, Ann. 1313. hrossa-fúlga, u, f. fodder or pay given to keep a horse, Grág. i. 432. hrossa-fætr, m. pl. horses’ hoofs, Rb. 348; troðin undir hrossa fótum, Fas. i. 227. hrossa-gaukr, see gaukr. hrossa-geymsla, u, f. horse keeping, Grett. 91. hrossa-hús, n. a stable, Fms. i. 108, xi. 407, Grett. 91, Orkn. 218, Bs. i. 285. hrossa-höfn, f. horse-keep, horse pasture, Íb. 6. hrossa-kjöt, n. horse flesh, horse meat, Fms. i. 36. hrossa-kyn, n. horse flesh, Fas. iii. 132. hrossa-letr, n. ‘horse-letters,’ a large coarse hand-writing. hrossa-maðr, m. a groom, Þorst. Stang. 48; Kjartan kvaðsk engi vera h. ok vildi eigi þiggja, Ld. 194. hrossa-móða, u, f. the dirt and loose hairs which come off the coat of an ungroomed horse. hrossa-móðugr, adj. covered with h. hrossa-reið, f. a horse-race, horse-riding, Grág. i. 432, 438. hrossa-skella, u, f. = hrossabrestr. hrossa-slátr, n. horse meat, Nj. 164, Hkr. i. 143, Fms. x. 300. hrossa-sótt, f. horse fever, a kind of horse’s disease. hrossa-stuldr, m. horse stealing, Fms. iii. 147. hrossa-taka, u, f. id., Eb. 56. hrossa-vöndr, m. a horse-whip, Art. hrossa-þjófr, m. a horse-stealer, Hbl. 8. hrossa-þöngull, m. a kind of seaweed, fucus digitatus. hross-bak, n. horse-back, Sturl. i. 146, ii. 219, Jb. 262. hross-bein, n. a horse’s bone, Sturl. i. 184. hross-eigandi, a, m. part. a horse owner, Grág. i. 437. hross-fellir, n. = hrossafellir. hross-fjöldi, a, m. a drove of horses, Glúm. 316. hross-fóðr, m. horse-fodder, N. G. L. i. 240. hross-gjöf, f. the gift of a horse, Sturl. i. 155. hross-görsemi, f. a ‘treasure of a horse,’ a valuable horse, Bs. i. 633. hross-hali, a, m. a horse’s tail, Fms. ix. 18. hross-hauss, m. a horse’s head, Fas. ii. 300: as a term of abuse, afgamall h. hross-hár, n. horse-hair. Hrosshárs-grani, a, m. one of the names of Odin, prob. from wearing a frock or hekla of horse-hair, hross-hófr, m. a horse’s hoof, Al. 156. hross-hvalr, m. [A. S. horshwæl = horse-whale; the Germ. form being wall-ross; Engl. wal-rus], a walrus, Edda (Gl.), Sks. 30 new Ed., Korm. 164, K. Þ. K. 138: ropes of walrus skin (svörðr) were used of old for rigging ships, see king Alfred’s Orosius. hross-höfuð, n. = hrosshauss, Eg. 389. hross-íss, m. (= hrossheldr íss), horse-ice, i. e. ice safe to ride on, Sturl. iii. 21. hross-klyf, f. a horse pack, Karl. 382. hross-lifr, f. a horse’s liver, Hkr. i. 144. hross-nautn, f. using a horse, Grág. i. 432, 441. hross-reið, f. horse-riding, a horse-race, Grág. i. 432, 433, 442. hross-rófa, u, f. a horse’s tail, Fas. iii. 473. hross-síða, u, f. a horse’s side, Orkn. 12. hross-spell, n. the damaging a horse, N. G. L. i. 176. hross-tagl, n. a horse’s tail, Art. hross-tönn, f. a horse’s tooth. hross-verð, n. the worth of a horse, Grág. i. 434, Jb. 273. hross-þjófr, m. a horse-stealer: name of a giant, Hdl. hross-æta, u, f. an eater of horse flesh, which by the old eccl. law might not be eaten.II. in pr. names, Hross-kell, Hross-björn, Landn.: local name, Hross-ey, in the Orkneys. -
12 RENNA
* * *I)(renn; rann, runnum; runninn), v.1) to run (rakkar þar renna);renna í köpp við e-n, to run a race with;hón á þann hest, er rennr lopt ok lög, that runs through the air and over the sea;renna e-m hvarf, to run out of one’s sight;2) to run away, flee (rennr þú nú Úlfr hinn ragi);renna undan e-m, to run away from one (ek get þess, at þú vilir eigi renna undan þeim);3) to run, flow (rennr þaðan lítill lœkr);4) to melt, dissolve (ok hafði runnit málmrinn í eldsganginum);reiði rennr e-m, anger leaves one;5) to arise (= renna upp);sól rennr, the sun rises;dagr rennr, it dawns;6) with preps.:renna af e-m, to leave one, pass away from one (reiði rann af honum);renna á e-n, to come over one;svefn, svefnhöfgi rennr á e-n, one falls asleep;reiði rennr á e-n, one gets angry;þá rann á byrr, then a fair wind arose;renna eptir e-m, to run after one (þá var runnit eptir þeim, er flóttann ráku);renna frá e-m, to run away from, leave one;renna í e-t, to run into;e-m rennr í skap, one is much (deeply) affected (er eigi trútt, at mér hafi eigi í skap runnit sonardauðinn);renna saman, to heal up (þá var saman runninn leggrinn);renna undir, to assist, give support (margar stoðir runnu undir, bæði frændr ok vinir);renna upp, to originate (var þess ván, at illr ávöxtr mundi upp renna af illri rót);of the sun or daylight, to rise;sól (dagr) rennr upp (cf. 5);7) recipr., rennast at (á), to attack one another, begin a fight.(-da, -dr), v.1) to make (let) run, with dat. (keyrði hann hestinn sporum ok renndi honum at);2) to put to flight (þeir renndu þeim tíu, er undan kómust);3) to prevent, thwart (eigi má sköpunum renna);er rennt þeim ráðahag, that match is thwarted;4) to slip, let loose;renna veiðarfœri, to let the fishing-line run out;Tjörvi renndi fyrir hann törgu, T. flung a target in his way;impers., atgeirinum renndi gegnum skjöldinn, the halberd was run through the shield;renna e-u niðr, to swallow;renna grunum á e-t, to suspect;5) renna augum, to direct the eyes, to look (renna ástaraugum til e-s);6) to pour (var gulli rennt í skurðina);7) with acc., renna mjólk, to run millk, by pouring out the thin milk;renna ór tunnu, to let the liquid out from a cask;8) with acc. to turn (renna tré, spánu);9) absol. to move quickly, slide, glide (konungsskipin renndu at þeim);þá renndi hringrinn af hendi mér, the ring slipped off my hand;10) refl., rennast augum til, to look to one another;þá renndust skipin hjá, the ships passed by one another.f. run, course;ok nú er skírðr allr Danaherr í þessi rennu, in one run, at one sweep.* * *(older form rinna, Hom. 125), pres. renn and rennr; pret. raun, rannt (mod. ranst), rann, pl. runnum; subj. rynni; imper. renn, renndú; part. runninn; with neg. suff. renni-a, Hkv. 2. 30: [Ulf. rinnan = τρέχειν, Mark ix. 25, = ρειν, John vii. 38; as also bi-rinnan, and-rinnan; a word common to all Teut. languages; the Engl. run is prob. formed from the pret. 3rd pers. plur.]:— to run = Lat. currere, of any swift, even, sliding motion (for hlaupa is to leap, bound), used not only of living things, but also of streams, water, wind, light, sun; rakkar þar renna, Am. 24; freki mun renna, Vsp. 41, Gm. 32; vargar runnu á ísi milli Noregs ok Daumerkr, Ann. 1047; rennia sá marr, Hkv. 2. 30; renni und vísa vígblær hinnig, Gh. 34; renni rökn bitluð, Hkv. i. 50; Grani rann at þingi, Gkv. 2. 4; hest inn hraðfæra láttú hinnig renna, Gh.18; þann hest er renn lopt ok lög, Edda 21; renna í köpp við e-n, 31; renna skeið, to run a race, id.; þeir runnu heim, Fas. ii. 101; r. at skeið, to take a run, 111; fór hann til ok rann bergit upp at manninum, 277; hann rennr upp vegginn, Nj. 202; r. e-m hvarf, to run out of one’s sight, Sturl iii. 50; mjúkr ok léttr bæði at ríða ok rinna, Hom. 125; renna ok ríða, Gþl 411; r. eptir e-m, to run after one, Nj. 275; runnit hefir hundr þinn, Pétr postuli, til Róms tysvar ok myndi renni it þriðja sinn ef þú leyfðir, id.; þat þolir hvergi, nema renn til trés eðr staurs, 655 xxx. 5; runnu þeir upp til bæjar með alvæpni. Eg. 388; hann rann þá fram í mót Bergönundi, 378; r. á hendr e-m, to use force, K. Á. 116, 150; margar stoðir runnu undir ( supported him) bæði frændr ok vinir, Ld. 18; renna á skíðum, to run in snow-shoes.2. to run, fly; þá spurði Kerþjálfaðr hví hann rynni eigi svá sem aðrir, Nj. 275; hvárt skal nú renna, 96, 247; ef maðr stígr öðrum fæti út um höslur, ferr hann á hæl, en rennr ef báðum stígr, Korm. 86; nú hefir þú runnit, ok beðit eigi Skútu, Glúm. 310; rennr þú nú Úlfr inn ragi, … lengra mundir þú r. …, Ó. H. 167; r. undan e-m, Nj. 95; reyndusk ílla menn Þóris ok runnu frá honum, Fms. vii. 11.II. of things; snara rennr at hálsi e-m, of a loop, Mar.; þat skal maðr eigi ábyrgjask at kýr renni eigi kálfi, ef hann hefir öxn í nautum sínum, N. G. L. i. 25:—of a weapon, hyrnan rann (= renndi) í brjóstið ok gékk á hol, Nj. 245:—of the sun, daylight, and the like, to arise, er sól rennr á fjöll Páska-dag, K. Þ. K. 124; sem leið móti degi ok sólin rann, Bév. 20; rennr dagr, rökkrið þrýtr, Úlf. 9. 83; renna upp, to rise; um mörguninn er sól rann upp ok var lítt farin, Fms. viii. 146; þat var allt senn, at dagrinn rann upp, ok konungr kom til eldanna, ix. 353; þá rann söl upp, ok litu allir bændr til sölarinnar, Ó. H. 109; en er hann vaknaði þa rann dagr upp, 207; dýr og fagr austri í upp er dagr renninn, a ditty; stjörnur renna upp ok setjask, Rb. 466; rennr ljós þat upp, 625. 66: less correctly of the setting sun, as, sólin rann, ljós leið, in a mod. hymn, (the Norsemen call the sunset sol-renning):—to run up, of plants, var þess ok ván, at íllr ávöxtr mundi upp renna af íllri rót, Fms. ii. 48; þar renna eigi upp þyrnar né íllgresi, 656 A. ii. 14; eru vér ok svá gamlir ok runnir bitar (?) upp, Fms. viii. 325, v. l.: the phrase, renna upp sem fífill í brekku (see fífill): to originate, æðar renna þar upp ok nætask, … renn ok rödd upp fyrir hverju orði, Skálda 169, Stj. 198, (upp-runi, origin):—of a stream, river, water, to flow, opin renna hón skal um aldrdaga, Vþm, 16; á hugða ek hér inn renna, Am. 25; rennr þaðan lítill lækr, Fms. i. 232; rennanda vatn, a running water, Bs. ii. 18; rennandi ár, Hom. 45: blóð rennr ór sári, a running sore, wound; þar rann blóð svá mjök at eigi varð stöðvat, Fms. i. 46; vatn, sjór rennr ór klæðum, etc.:—to run, lead, trend. þjóðvegir, er renna eptir endilöngum bygðum, ok þeir er renna frá fjalli ok til fjörn, Gþl. 413:—to run, melt, dissolve, ok hefði runnit málmrinn í eldsganginum, Orkn. 368; málmr rennr saman, Blas. 47; þat renn saman, blends together, 655, xxx. 5:—of wind, to arise, byrr rann á af landi, Eg. 389; þá rann á byrr, Nj. 135; en er Björn var albúinn ok byrr rann á, Eg. 158: hvergi var á runnit á klaæeth;i hans, his clothes were untouched, Fms. xi. 38:—of sleep or mental motion, rann á hann höfgi móti deginum, Ó. H. 207; þá rann á hann svemn, 240; rennr á hann svefnhöfgi, ok dreymir hann, Gísl. 67; þá rann á hann þegar reiði ok öfund, Sks. 154 new Ed.; rann þá úmegin á hann, he swooned, Fms. viii. 332: þá rann af Gretti úmegit, he recovered his senses, Grett. 114; lét hann r. af sér reiðina, Fms. i. 15, iii. 73; rann nú af konunginum reiði við mág sinn, xi. 13: e-m rennr í skap, to be affected to tears; er eigi trautt at mér hafi í skap runnit sonar-dauðinn, Þorst. Stang. 55 (cp. Gísl. 39, allt í skap ‘komit’): to be angry, var nú svá komit at honum rann í skap ok reiddisk hann, Fms. vi. 212, and so in mod. usage.III. recipr., rennask at (á), to attack one another, run together, fight; síðan rennask at hestarnir, … þá er á rynnisk hestarnir, Nj. 91; þeir runnusk á allsterkliga, of wrestlers, Ld. 158. -
13 RÖST
I)(gen. rastar, pl. rastir), f. a strong current in the sea, race.(gen. rastar, pl. rastir), f. a distance of four or five miles.* * *1.f., gen. rastar, pl. rastir, qs. vröst (?); [cp. reistr, rist; Engl. race; Norm. Fr. raz]:—a current, stream in the sea, such as the Pentland Firth; nú ef maðr hittir hval á röstum út, Gþl. 464; sigldu þeir í röst norðr fyrir Straumneskinum, … féll um sjórinn ok því næst vellti … hann lagðisk út í röstina, Fms. ix. 320; ok er þeir sigldu yfir Petlands-fjörð, var uppi röst mikil í firðinum, x. 145; vestr í röstum, Orkn. 154 (in a verse): in local names, Látra-röst in western Iceland. rasta-fullr, adj. full of currents, Sks. 223.2.f., gen. rastar, pl. rastir, [different from the preceding; Ulf. rasta = μίλιον, Matth. v. 41; A. S. and Engl. rest; O. H. G. rasta; Germ. rast]:—prop. rest, but used only in the metaph. sense of a mile, i. e. the distance between two ‘resting-places,’ or ‘baiting’ points: distances on land were counted by rasts, on sea by vika, which seem to have been of equal length, thus in the old Swed. law, rost at landi, vika at vatni, Schlyter. The ancient Scandinavian rast seems to have answered to the modern geographical mile, which agrees with the Latin mille only in name, its actual distance being that of the rast, not the Roman mille passus. The distances were not measured, but roughly guessed, and varied (like the Swiss stunde) according to the nature of the ground traversed, the rasts through mountains or deserts being shorter than those in an inhabited district; hence such phrases as, þat eru langar tvær rastir, it is two long rasts, Fms. ix. 393; þeir sóttu svá hart þessa eyðimörk, at skammar vóru þá þrettán rastir eptir, thirteen short rasts, viii. 33: the following instances may serve, in Norway the distance from Oslo (the present Christiania) to Eidsvold was counted at eight ‘rasts,’ ix. 376; by Captain Gerhard Munthe’s military map of Norway of A. D. 1827, the distance from Christiania to Eidsvold is about eight geographical miles; þeir fórusk svá nær at eigi var lengra til en röst, 371; þeir ríða síðan útta rastir … þrjár vikur eptir vötnum, 376; riðu þeir nökkura hálfa röst, 523; þat var eina nótt, at eigi var lengra milli náttstaða þeirra en röst, viii. 63; rastar langr, ix. 394, 402; rastar-djúpr, Hým.: of the old forests, Eiða-skógr er tólf rasta langr, Fms. ix. 354; skógr tólf rasta langr, … þann skóg er áttján rasta var yfir, viii. 30, 31; sá skógr er Tvíviðr heitir, hann er tólf rasta breiðr, Rb. 332; fjögurra rasta ok tuttugu, Gullþ. 52:—six ‘rasts’ done afoot in one night is recorded as something extraordinary, Ólafi kom njósnin um kveldit, en þeir gengu um nóttina sex rastir ok þótti mönnum þat furðu-mikit farit, þeir kómu á Ryðjökul um óttu-söng, Fms. vii. 317; átta röstum, Þkv.: an immense distance is given at ‘a hundred rasts,’ hundrað rasta á hverjan veg, Vþm. (Edda 41); hundrað rasta heyrði smell, Skíða R. 150: heim-röst, a homestead; út-röst, the outskirt. -
14 þreyta
(-tta, -ttr), v. to prosecute a thing stoutly to strive hard in a thing;þreyta leik, rás við e-n, to contend in a game, run a race with one;þreyta kapp-sigling, to sail a race;þreyta drykkju við e-n, to vie in drinking with one;þreyta á drykkjuna, to strive hard to drink;þreyta e-t með kappmælum, to dispute eagerly;þreyta lög um e-t, to contend at law;jarlarnir þreyttu þetta með sér, it came to high words between them;þeir þreyttu at komast inn í borgina, they tried hard to get into the burgh;þreyta hest sporum, to prick the horse with the spurs.* * *u, f. wear and tear, exhaustion, freq. in mod. usage. -
15 á-munr
adj. [á- intens. and munr, mens], eager, only in poetry; á. augu, piercing, greedy eyes, Vkv. 16; and á. e-m, eager for revenge, in a bad sense, Hkv. 2. 9; the explanation given in Lex. Poët. and p. 43 is to be cancelled; the word means like, equal, resembling; ámun ero augu ormi þeim enum frána, the eyes are like the flashing serpent’s. Vkv. 16; ámunir ossum niðjum, like to our kinsmen, Hkv. 2. 9. This sense is clearly seen from an old Icel. hymn of the 17th century,—nyti eg ei náðar þinnar … yrði rás æfi minnar ámynt og skuggi rýr, but for thy grace the race of my life would be like a vain shadow, Hymn-book (1746, p. 448).COMPD: ámunsaurar. -
16 ása-ætt
f. the race of Ases, Edda 7. -
17 á-sýn
f. countenance, presence; kasta e-m burt frá sinni á., Stj. 651: appearance, shape, Hom. 155; dat. pl. used as adv., hversu var hann ásýnum, how did he look? Hom. 91; ágætr at ætt ok á., fair of race and noble, Hkr. i. 214: gen. sing. used as adv., minna ásýnar, apparently less, Grág. ii. 29.2. metaph. a view, opinion; með rangri á., Sks. 344. -
18 á-vinnt
n. adj. a naval term, prob. from the phrase, vinda á e-n, to turn upon one in a rowing race, or of giving way in a sea-fight; ef Orminum skal því lengra fram leggja sem hann er lengri en önnur skip, þá mun á. um söxin, … then they in the bow will have a hard pull, will be hard put to it, Fms. ii. 308, Thom. 17, 58; þá görðist þeim á. er næstir lágu, their ranks begun to give way, Sturl. iii. 66 (of a sea-fight); ætla ek þat mund er ek renn frá Haraldi unga, at yðr afburðarmönnum mun á. þykkja eptir at standa, Orkn. 474. -
19 feti
m. blade of an axe.* * *1.a, m. a stepper, pacer, in compds, há-feti, létt-feti, mál-feti, a high-stepper, light-stepper, etc., poët. names of a race-horse.2.a, m. [fete, Ivar Aasen], the blade of an axe, Nj. 27, 209.2. a strand in the thread of the warp. -
20 FREISTA
* * *(að), v.1) to tempt, make trial of, with gen.;2) to try;freista íþróttar, to try a feat;freista sín í móti e-m, to try one’s strength against another;with infin., freista at renna skeið, to try to run a race.* * *að, [Ulf. frajsan = πειράζειν, A. S. frasjan, Hel. and O. H. G. fresan, old Frank. frasan,—all of them without t; Dan. friste; Swed. fresta]:—to try, with gen.; freista má ek þess, Eg. 606; freista sín, to try one’s prowess, Edda 31; freista sunds, Ld. 166; hafa ymiss við freistað, Ó. H. 34; freista þessar íþróttar, Edda 31; freista þessa, id.:—with um or inf., freista um fleiri leiki, 32; at hann mun f. at renna skeið, 31:—absol., bað þá f. ef …, Eg. 174, 279; freista hvé þat hlýddi, to try how, Íb. 7; freista at vér fáim drepit þá, Fms. i. 9.β. to tempt, make trial of, with gen., which sense occurs in Vsp. 22; freistum þeirra, Fms. vii. 193; ef hans f. fírar, Hm. 25:—esp. in the religious sense, to tempt, Rb. 82, Symb. 31, Stj. 145 passim, N. T., Pass., Vídal.
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