rŭt-

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a wheel rut

ac-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. n. ( perf. sync., accēstis, Verg. A. 1, 201), to go or come to or near, to approach (class.).

Lit.

In gen., constr. with ad, in, the local adverbs, the acc., dat., infin., or absol.

With ad:

accedam ad hominem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 14; so,

ad aedīs,

id. Amph. 1, 1, 108:

ad flammam,

Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 103:

omnīs ad aras,

to beset every altar, Lucr. 5, 1199:

ad oppidum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

ad ludos,

Cic. Pis. 27, 65:

ad Caesarem supplex,

id. Fam. 4, 4, 3: ad manum, to come to their hands (of fishes), id. Att. 2, 1, 7:

ad Aquinum,

id. Phil. 2, 41, 106; so,

ad Heracleam,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129.— Impers.:

ad eas (oleas) cum accederetur,

Cic. Caecin. 8, 22.—

With in:

ne in aedīs accederes,

Cic. Caecin. 13, 36:

in senatum,

id. Att. 7, 4, 1:

in Macedoniam,

id. Phil. 10, 6:

in funus aliorum,

to join a funeral procession, id. Leg. 2, 26, 66 al. —

With local adv.:

eodem pacto, quo huc accessi, abscessero,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 84:

illo,

Cic. Caecin. 16, 46:

quo,

Sall. J. 14, 17.—

With acc. (so, except the names of localities, only in poets and historians, but not in Caesar and Livy):

juvat integros accedere fontīs atque haurire,

Lucr. 1, 927, and 4, 2:

Scyllaeam rabiem scopulosque,

Verg. A. 1, 201:

Sicanios portus,

Sil. 14, 3; cf. id. 6, 604:

Africam,

Nep. Hann. 8:

aliquem,

Sall. J. 18, 9; 62, 1; Tac. H. 3, 24:

classis Ostia cum magno commeatu accessit,

Liv. 22, 37, 1:

Carthaginem,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 3.—

With dat. ( poet.):

delubris,

Ov. M. 15, 745:

silvis,

id. ib. 5, 674: caelo (i. e. to become a god), id. ib. 15, 818, and 870.—

With inf.:

dum constanter accedo decerpere (rosas),

App. M. 4, p. 143 med. —

Absol.:

accedam atque hanc appellabo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 17:

deici nullo modo potuisse qui non accesserit,

Cic. Caecin. 13, 36:

accessit propius,

ib. 8, 22:

quoties voluit blandis accedere dictis,

Ov. M. 3, 375 al. — Impers.: non potis accedi, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38 (Trag. v. 17 ed. Vahl.):

quod eā proxime accedi poterat,

Cic. Caecin. 8, 21.

In partic.

To approach a thing in a hostilemanner (like aggredior, adorior), to attack:

acie instructa usque ad castra hostium accessit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 51:

sese propediem cum magno exercitu ad urbem accessurum,

Sall. C. 32 fin.:

ad manum,

to fight hand to hand, to engage in close combat, Nep. Eum. 5, 2; Liv. 2, 30, 12:

ad corpus alicujus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2: Atque accedit muros Romana juventus, Enn. ap. Gell. 10, 29 (Ann. v. 527 ed. Vahl.): hostīs accedere ventis navibus velivolis, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 5 (Ann. v. 380 ib.);

and, in malam part.,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 22.—

Mercant. t. t.:

accedere ad hastam,

to attend an auction, Nep. Att. 6, 3; Liv. 43, 16, 2.—

In late Lat.: ad manus (different from ad manum, B. 1), to be admitted to kiss hands, Capit. Maxim. 5.

Fig.

In gen., to come near to, to approach:

haud invito ad aurīs sermo mi accessit,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 32; so,

clemens quidam sonus aurīs ejus accedit,

App. M. 5, p. 160:

si somnus non accessit,

Cels. 3, 18; cf.:

febris accedit,

id. 3, 3 sq.:

ubi accedent anni,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 85; cf.:

accedente senectā,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 211.

In partic.

To come to or upon one, to happen to, to befall (a meaning in which it approaches so near to accĭdo that in many passages it has been proposed to change it to the latter; cf. Ruhnk. Rut. Lup. 1, p. 3; 2, p. 96; Dictat. in Ter. p. 222 and 225); constr. with ad or (more usually) with dat.:

voluntas vostra si ad poëtam accesserit,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 29:

num tibi stultitia accessit?

have you become a fool? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 77:

paulum vobis accessit pecuniae,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 56:

dolor accessit bonis viris, virtus non est imminuta,

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9:

quo plus sibi aetatis accederet,

id. de Or. 1, 60, 254 al.

With the accessory idea of increase, to be added = addi; constr. with ad or dat.: primum facie (i. e. faciei) quod honestas accedit, Lucil. ap. Gell. 1, 14; so ap. Non. 35, 20:

ad virtutis summam accedere nihil potest,

Cic. Fin. 4, 24:

Cassio animus accessit,

id. Att. 5, 20; 7, 3; id. Clu. 60 al.:

pretium agris,

the price increases, advances, Plin. Ep. 6, 19, 1.— Absol.:

plura accedere debent,

Lucr. 2, 1129:

accedit mors,

Cic. Fin. 1, 18, 60; id. de Or. 2, 17, 73:

quae jacerent in tenebris omnia, nisi litterarum lumen accederet,

id. Arch. 6, 14 (so, not accenderet, is to be read).—If a new thought is to be added, it is expressed by accedit with quod ( add to this, that, etc.) when it implies a logical reason, but with ut ( beside this, it happens that, or it occurs that) when it implies an historical fact (cf. Zumpt, §

621 and 626): accedit enim, quod patrem amo,

Cic. Att. 13, 21: so Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 2; Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; id. Att. 1, 92 al.; Caes. B. G. 3, 2; 4, 16; Sall. C. 11, 5;

on the other hand: huc accedit uti, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 192, 215, 265 al.:

ad App. Claudii senectutem accedebat etiam ut caecus esset,

Cic. de Sen. 6, 16; so id. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; id. Rosc. Am. 31, 86; id. Deiot. 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 3, 13; 5, 16 al. When several new ideas are added, they are introduced by res in the plur.: cum ad has suspiciones certissimae res accederent: quod per fines Sequanorum Helvetios transduxisset; quod obsides inter eos dandos curāsset;

quod ea omnia, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19. Sometimes the historical idea follows accedit, without ut:

ad haec mala hoc mihi accedit etiam: haec Andria... gravida e Pamphilo est,

Ter. Andr. 1, 3, 11:

accedit illud: si maneo... cadendum est in unius potestatem,

Cic. Att. 8, 3, 1.

To give assent to, accede to, assent to, to agree with, to approve of; constr. with ad or dat. (with persons only, with dat.):

accessit animus ad meam sententiam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 13; so Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 28, § 69; Nep. Milt. 3, 5:

Galba speciosiora suadentibus accessit,

Tac. H. 1, 34; so Quint. 9, 4, 2 al.

To come near to in resemblance, to resemble, be like; with ad or dat. (the latter most freq., esp. after Cic.):

homines ad Deos nulla re propius accedunt quam salutem hominibus dando,

Cic. Lig. 12:

Antonio Philippus proximus accedebat,

id. Brut. 147; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 3; id. de Or. 1, 62, 263; id. Ac. 2, 11, 36 al.

To enter upon, to undertake; constr. with ad or in:

in eandem infamiam,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 84:

ad bellorum pericula,

Cic. Balb. 10:

ad poenam,

to undertake the infliction of punishment, id. Off. 1, 25, 89:

ad amicitiam Caesaris,

Caes. B. C. 1, 48:

ad vectiǵalia,

to undertake their collection as contractor, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 42:

ad causam,

the direction of a lawsuit, id. ib. 2, 2, 38; id. de Or. 1, 38, 175 al. But esp.:

ad rem publicam,

to enter upon the service of the state, Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28; id. Rosc. Am. 1 al.,‡

līra, ae, f. [perh. fr. lisa; O. H. Germ. Leisa; Germ. Geleise, a track or rut; cf. delirus], the earth thrown up between two furrows, a ridge:

liras rustici vocant easdem porcas, cum sic aratum est, ut inter duos latius distantes sulcos medius cumulus siccam sedem frumentis praebeat,

Col. 2, 4, 8:

patentes liras facere,

id. 2, 8, 3:

proscissa lira,

id. 2, 10; cf. id. 11, 3.—

Transf., a furrow, acc. to Non. 17, 32; cf. lira, aulax, Gloss. Philox.

orbĭta, ae, f. [orbis].

A track or rut made in the ground by a wheel.

Lit. (class.):

impressa orbita,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 6; Verg. G. 3, 293; Liv. 32, 17.—

Trop., a track, course, path (ante-class. and poet.): neque id ab orbitā matrum familias instituti, quod, etc., Varr. ap. Non. 542, 28; Plin. 8, 58, 83, § 227; a beaten path, Quint. 2, 13, 16:

veteris culpae,

i. e. bad example, Juv. 14, 37.—

An impression, mark left by a ligature:

vinculi,

Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 210.—

A circuit, orbit:

orbita lunae,

Auct. Aetn. 230:

lunaris illa orbita,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 10, 2.

prae-lēgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to bequeath beforehand, i. e. to bequeath a thing to be given before the inheritance is divided (post-Aug.):

eam coronam testamento ei praelegavit,

Plin. 33, 2, 11, § 38: peculia [p. 1422] filiis, Dig. 33, 8, 26:

fundum,

ib. 31, 1, 69:

uxori dotem,

Paul. Sent. 4, 1, 1.

prae-lĕgo, lēgi, lectum, 3, v. a.

To read any thing to others, as a teacher, to show how it should be read, to set an example in reading, to lecture upon an author (post-Aug.):

auctores,

Quint. 1, 5, 11:

Vergilium et alios poëtas,

Suet. Gram. 16.—

To pick or choose out, to select (post-class.):

praelectus hircus,

App. M. 7, p. 192, 29.—

To sail by or along a place (post-Aug. for praetervehor); with acc.:

Campaniam,

Tac. A. 6, 1; 2, 79 init.: Alsia praelegitur tellus, is sailed by, Rut. Itin. 1, 223.

prae-lūdo, si, sum, 3, v. a., to play beforehand, by way of practice or trial; to prelude, rehearse (post - Aug.).

Lit.:

Nero Pompeiano praeludit,

sings beforehand, preludes, Plin. 37, 2, 7, § 19:

tragoediis,

Gell. 19, 11, 2.—With acc.: pugnam praeludere, to prepare one's self for fighting, Rut. Itin. 1, 257.—

Trop.:

aliquid operibus suis praeludere,

to premise, preface, Stat. S. 1 praef.:

ac Mariana quidem rabies intra Urbem praeluserat, quasi experiretur,

had only made a prelude, Flor. 4, 2, 2:

sic maria bello quasi tempestate praeluserant,

id. 3, 6, 1.

rŏtundus ( rŭt-), a, um, adj. [rota], wheel-shaped, i. e. round, circular, spherical, rotund (very freq. and class.; cf. teres).

Lit.:

cur ea, quae fuerint juxtim quadrata, procul sint Visa rotunda,

Lucr. 4, 502; cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

stellae globosae et rotundae,

id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:

mundum rotundum esse volunt,

id. N. D. 1, 10, 24.— Comp.:

mundum ita tornavit, ut nihil effici possit rotundius,

Cic. Univ. 6; so,

bacae,

Hor. Epod. 8, 13; cf.:

capita rotundiora... rotundissima,

Cels. 8, 1 fin.:

locus infimus in rotundo,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69:

togae,

hanging evenly all round, Quint. 11, 3, 139.—

Prov.: diruit, aedificat, mutat quadrata rotundis,

i. e. turns every thing upside down, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 100.—

Trop., round, rounded.

In gen.:

sapiens Fortis et in se ipse totus, teres atque rotundus,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 86:

illa rotunda et undique circumcisa,

Quint. 8, 5, 27.—

In partic., of speech (opp. rough, unpolished), round, well turned, smooth, polished, elegant (in Cic. with quasi or ut ita dicam added; but v. infra, adv. b.):

erat verborum et delectus elegans et apta et quasi rotunda constructio,

Cic. Brut. 78, 272; cf.:

Thucydides praefractior nec satis, ut ita dicam, rotundus,

id. Or. 13, 40:

Graiis dedit ore rotundo Musa loqui,

Hor. A. P. 323;

celeris ac rotunda distributio,

Quint. 3, 4, 16:

rotunda volubilisque sententia,

Gell. 11, 13, 4:

rotundi numeri (with brevis),

id. 17, 20, 4:

verba,

id. 16, 1, 1.—Hence, adv.: rŏtun-dē.

(Acc. to I.) Roundly:

ut in orbem quam rotundissime formetur,

Col. Arb. 5, 2.—

(Acc. to II.) Roundly, smoothly, elegantly:

a te quidem apte ac rotunde,

Cic. Fin. 4, 3, 7.

rŏtundus ( rŭt-), a, um, adj. [rota], wheel-shaped, i. e. round, circular, spherical, rotund (very freq. and class.; cf. teres).

Lit.:

cur ea, quae fuerint juxtim quadrata, procul sint Visa rotunda,

Lucr. 4, 502; cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

stellae globosae et rotundae,

id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:

mundum rotundum esse volunt,

id. N. D. 1, 10, 24.— Comp.:

mundum ita tornavit, ut nihil effici possit rotundius,

Cic. Univ. 6; so,

bacae,

Hor. Epod. 8, 13; cf.:

capita rotundiora... rotundissima,

Cels. 8, 1 fin.:

locus infimus in rotundo,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69:

togae,

hanging evenly all round, Quint. 11, 3, 139.—

Prov.: diruit, aedificat, mutat quadrata rotundis,

i. e. turns every thing upside down, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 100.—

Trop., round, rounded.

In gen.:

sapiens Fortis et in se ipse totus, teres atque rotundus,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 86:

illa rotunda et undique circumcisa,

Quint. 8, 5, 27.—

In partic., of speech (opp. rough, unpolished), round, well turned, smooth, polished, elegant (in Cic. with quasi or ut ita dicam added; but v. infra, adv. b.):

erat verborum et delectus elegans et apta et quasi rotunda constructio,

Cic. Brut. 78, 272; cf.:

Thucydides praefractior nec satis, ut ita dicam, rotundus,

id. Or. 13, 40:

Graiis dedit ore rotundo Musa loqui,

Hor. A. P. 323;

celeris ac rotunda distributio,

Quint. 3, 4, 16:

rotunda volubilisque sententia,

Gell. 11, 13, 4:

rotundi numeri (with brevis),

id. 17, 20, 4:

verba,

id. 16, 1, 1.—Hence, adv.: rŏtun-dē.

(Acc. to I.) Roundly:

ut in orbem quam rotundissime formetur,

Col. Arb. 5, 2.—

(Acc. to II.) Roundly, smoothly, elegantly:

a te quidem apte ac rotunde,

Cic. Fin. 4, 3, 7.

sulcus, a, um, adj., only ficus sulca, an unknown species of fig-tree, Col. 5, 10, 11.

sulcus, i, m. [Gr. holkos, from helkô], a furrow made by the plough (cf.: lira, porca): sulci appellantur, quā aratrum ducitur, vel sationis faciendae causā vel urbis condendae, vel fossura rectis lateribus, ubi arbores serantur: quod vocabulum quidam ex Graeco fictum, quia illi dicant holkon, Fest. p. 302 Müll.: quā aratrum vomere lacunam striam facit, sulcus vocatur: quod est inter duos sulcos elata terra, dicitur [p. 1797] porca, Varr. R. R. 1, 29, 3:

sulco vario ne ares,

Cato, R. R. 61, 1:

cum sulcus altius esset impressus,

Cic. Div. 2, 23, 50:

ducere... infodere sulcum,

Col. 2, 2, 27; Juv. 7, 48:

duci sarculo sulcum,

Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327:

proscindere jugerum sulco,

id. 18, 19, 49, § 178:

sulco tenui arare,

id. 18, 18, 47, § 170:

sulcum patefacere aratro,

Ov. M. 3, 104:

sulcis committere semina,

Verg. G. 1, 223:

mandare hordea sulcis,

id. E. 5, 36:

telluri infindere sulcos,

id. ib. 4, 33:

semina longis Cerealia sulcis Obruere,

Ov. M. 1, 123:

herba Cerealibus obruta sulcis,

id. Tr. 3, 12, 11.—

Transf. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

A ploughing:

hordeum altero sulco seminari debet,

Col. 2, 9, 15:

quarto,

id. 2, 12, 8:

quinto,

Plin. 18, 20, 49, § 181:

nono,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 10.—

Of things resembling a furrow.

A long, narrow trench, a ditch, Cato, R. R. 33, 4; 43, 1; Col. 2, 8, 3; Plin. 19, 4, 20, § 60; Verg. G. 2, 24; 2, 289; id. A. 1, 425 et saep.—

A rut, track, in gen.:

cursu rotarum saucia clarescunt nubila sulco, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olymp. 102.—Esp., of the furrow cut by a vessel: infindunt sulcos,

Verg. A. 5, 142:

delere sulcos,

Stat. Th. 6, 415:

canebant aequora sulco,

Val. Fl. 3, 32.—Of a wrinkle of the skin, Mart. 3, 72, 4:

genarum,

Claud. in Eutr. 1, 110.—Of the trail of a meteor, Verg. A. 2, 697; Luc. 5, 562.—Of wounds:

in pectore,

Claud. Rapt. Prov. 3, 425.—Of the private parts of a woman, Lucr. 4, 1272; Verg. G. 3, 136; App. Anech. 16.