rīvālis

rīvālis, e, adj. [rivus].

Of or belonging to a brook, brook-:

alecula,

Col. 8, 15, 6. — Hence,

Subst.: rīvāles, ium, m., those who have or use the same brook, neighbors.

Lit.:

si inter rivales, id est qui per eundem rivum aquam ducunt, sit contentio de aquae usu,

Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 26; 43, 20, 3, § 5; Gell. 14, 1, 4.—

Trop.: rī-vālis, is, m., one who has the same mistress as another; a competitor in love, a rival: eadem est amica ambobus; plur.:

rivales sumus,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 30; 5, 4, 47; id. Bacch. Grex 4; Cat. 57, 9.— Sing., Naev. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Com. Rel. p. 10 Rib.); Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 37; 2, 3, 63:

militem ego rivalem recipiendum censeo,

id. ib. 5, 8, 42; Ov. Am. 2, 19, 60; id. A. A. 2, 539; Suet. Oth. 3 al.— Abl.:

rivale,

Ov. R. Am. 791.—

Of animals,

Col. 7, 3, 4.—

Prov.: se amare sine rivali, to be fond of one ' s self without a rival, i. e. to be alone in esteeming one ' s self:

o di, quam ineptus! quam se ipse amans sine rivali!

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 5; so,

sine rivali te et tua solus amares,

Hor. A. P. 444.

rīvālis, e, adj. [rivus].

Of or belonging to a brook, brook-:

alecula,

Col. 8, 15, 6. — Hence,

Subst.: rīvāles, ium, m., those who have or use the same brook, neighbors.

Lit.:

si inter rivales, id est qui per eundem rivum aquam ducunt, sit contentio de aquae usu,

Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 26; 43, 20, 3, § 5; Gell. 14, 1, 4.—

Trop.: rī-vālis, is, m., one who has the same mistress as another; a competitor in love, a rival: eadem est amica ambobus; plur.:

rivales sumus,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 30; 5, 4, 47; id. Bacch. Grex 4; Cat. 57, 9.— Sing., Naev. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Com. Rel. p. 10 Rib.); Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 37; 2, 3, 63:

militem ego rivalem recipiendum censeo,

id. ib. 5, 8, 42; Ov. Am. 2, 19, 60; id. A. A. 2, 539; Suet. Oth. 3 al.— Abl.:

rivale,

Ov. R. Am. 791.—

Of animals,

Col. 7, 3, 4.—

Prov.: se amare sine rivali, to be fond of one ' s self without a rival, i. e. to be alone in esteeming one ' s self:

o di, quam ineptus! quam se ipse amans sine rivali!

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 5; so,

sine rivali te et tua solus amares,

Hor. A. P. 444.

* * *

aemŭlus, a, um, adj. [cf. hamillaomai and hama, imitor, imago, Germ. ahmen (Eng. aim) in nachahmen = to imitate], striving after another earnestly, emulating, rivalling, emulous (cf. aemulatio and aemulor), in a good and bad sense; constr. with dat. or as subst. with gen.

In a good sense, Att. ap. Auct. Her, 2, 26, 42:

laudum,

Cic. Phil. 2, 12:

laudis,

id. Cael. 14:

aemulus atque imitator studiorum ac laborum,

id. Marc. 1:

Timagenis aemula lingua,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 15:

itinerum Herculis,

Liv. 21, 41.—With ne and subj.: milites aemuli, ne dissimiles viderentur, Aur. Vict Caes. 8, 3.—

In a bad sense, both of one who, with a hostile feeling, strives after the possessions of another, and of one who, on account of his strong desire for a thing, envies him who possesses it; envious, jealous, grudging. — With gen.: Karthago aemula imperii Romani, Sall C. 10; Vell. 2, 1:

Triton,

Verg. A. 6, 173:

quem remoto aemulo aequiorem sibi sperabat,

Tac. A. 3, 8:

Britannici,

Suet. Ner. 6.—

Subst., a rival = rivalis: mihi es aemula, you are my rival (i. e. you have the same desire as I), Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 20; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 9; cf. id. ib. 2, 1, 8;

si non tamquam virum, at tamquam aemulum removisset,

Cic. Verr 2, 5, 31: et si nulla subest aemula, languet amor, Ov A. A. 2, 436.—By meton. (eccl.), an enemy:

videbis aemulum tuum in templo,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 2, 32;

affligebat eam aemula,

ib. 1, 6.— In gen., mostly of things without life, vying with, rivalling a thing, i. e. comparable to, similar to, with dat., v. Rudd. II. p. 70 ( poet., and in prose after the Aug. per.):

tibia tubae Aemula,

Hor. A. P. 203:

labra rosis,

Mart. 4, 42:

Tuscis vina cadis,

id. 13, 118; Plin. 9, 17, 29, § 63; id. 15, 18, 19, § 68 al.:

Dictator Caesar summis oratoribus aemulus, i. e. aequiparandus,

Tac. A. 13, 3.

Fragm. Hist. 3 (cf. celatum indagator for indagans in Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 15, unless celatum be here a gen.).

dicto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. [2. dico], to say often; to pronounce, declare, or assert repeatedly.

In gen. (very rare):

rogarem te, ut diceres pro me tu idem, qui illis orationem dictavisses,

Cic. Fin. 4, 22 fin.:

mercemur servum qui dictet nomina,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 50; cf. Gell. 4, 1, 2.—Far more freq. and class.,

In partic.

To dictate to one for writing:

quod non modo Tironi dictare, sed ne ipse quidem audere scribere,

Cic. Att. 13, 9; 7, 13 b. fin.; 2, 23; Quint. 2, 4, 12; 10, 3, 18; Plin. Ep. 9, 36, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 49 et saep. So of the dictating of teachers (common for want of books):

memini quae mihi parvo Orbilium dictare,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 71; cf. id. Sat. 1, 10, 75.—

Transf. As the practice of dictating came, in the course of time, to be very general (v. Gesner upon Quint. 10, 3, 18), dictare, since the Aug. per., acquired the signif. to express in written language, make, compose:

elegidia,

Pers. 1, 52; so,

ducentos versus,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 10: carmina (for which, shortly before and after, scribere), id. Ep. 2, 1, 110:

codicillos,

to draw up, make, Suet. Tib. 22; cf.

testamentum,

id. Ner. 32;

hence also, summas,

i. e. to dispose of by will, Dig. 32, 95; and in the pass.:

non unus tibi rivalis dictabitur heres,

appointed, designated, Juv. 6, 218; so,

actionem,

to draw up a declaration, Suet. Rhet. 2;

and among jurists in gen.,

to bring an action, go to law, Dig. 15, 1, 50; also,

judicium,

ib. 9, 4, 22; 49, 9, 3 al.—

To prescribe, recommend, order, dictate (cf. 2. dico, no. I. B. 10;

in this sense the primitive of dictator, although no ante-Aug. examples occur): sportulam,

Quint. 11, 3, 131: dictataque jurant Sacramenta deis, Sil. 10, 448.—

Transf., of abstract subjects:

ita videtur ratio dictare,

Quint. 3, 4, 11; cf. Dig. 1, 2, § 11:

quibus sordet omne, quod natura dictavit,

Quint. 8 prooem. § 26; so with acc., id. 1, 3, 16; 2, 15, 6; Plin. 26, 4, 9, § 20.—Hence, dictāta, ōrum, n. (acc. to no. II. A.).

Things dictated by the master to his scholars, i. e. lessons, exercises, rules, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4; id. Fin. 4, 4, 10; id. N. D. 1, 26; id. Tusc. 2, 11, 96; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 55; 1, 18, 13; Pers. 1, 29 al.—Also, in gen.,

Precepts, rules, e. g. for gladiators, Suet. Caes. 26;

for mimes,

Juv. 5, 122.

făcētĭa, ae, f. [facetus; cf.: argutiae, deliciae], a jest, witticism; drollery, piece of humor.

Sing. (ante- and post-class.): haec facetiast, amare inter se rivalis duos, Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 47:

jocularis,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 1, 21:

facetia sermonis Plauto congruentis,

Gell. 3, 3, 3:

facetiae habere, res divinas deridere,

App. Mag. 56, p. 310, 27. —

Plur.: făcētĭae, ārum.

A witty or clever thing in action or behavior (Plautin.):

mulier, quoi facetiarum cor corpusque sit plenum et doli,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 186:

fecisti, here, facetias, quom, etc.,

id. Stich. 5, 2, 7.—

Wit, witty sayings, witticisms, pleasantry, drollery, humor, facetiousness (class.;

syn.: sal, dicacitas, cavillatio, lepos, urbanitas, comitas): (sales), quorum duo genera sunt, unum facetiarum, alterum dicacitatis,

Cic. Or. 26, 87:

cum duo genera sint facetiarum... illa a veteribus superior cavillatio, haec altera dicacitas nominata est,

id. de Or. 2, 54, 218:

facetiis autem maxime homines delectari, si quando risus conjuncte, re verboque moveatur,

id. ib. 2, 61, 248:

P. Scipio omnes sale facetiisque superabat,

id. Brut. 34, 128:

festivitate et facetiis C. Julius et superioribus et aequalibus suis omnibus praestitit,

id. ib. 48, 177:

sale tuo et lepore et politissimis facetiis pellexisti,

id. de Or. 1, 57, 243:

accedat oportet lepos quidam facetiaeque,

id. ib. 1, 5, 17; cf.:

dulces Latini leporis facetiae,

Vell. 1, 17, 1:

facetiarum quidam lepos,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 159:

facie magis quam facetiis ridiculus,

id. Att 1, 13, 2:

ego mirifice capior facetiis, maxime nostratibus (corresp. to sales),

id. Fam. 9, 15, 2:

asperis facetiis illusus,

sarcasms, Tac. A. 15, 68; cf.

acerbae,

id. ib. 5, 2:

per facetias incusare aliquem,

id. ib. 14, 1.

făcētĭa, ae, f. [facetus; cf.: argutiae, deliciae], a jest, witticism; drollery, piece of humor.

Sing. (ante- and post-class.): haec facetiast, amare inter se rivalis duos, Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 47:

jocularis,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 1, 21:

facetia sermonis Plauto congruentis,

Gell. 3, 3, 3:

facetiae habere, res divinas deridere,

App. Mag. 56, p. 310, 27. —

Plur.: făcētĭae, ārum.

A witty or clever thing in action or behavior (Plautin.):

mulier, quoi facetiarum cor corpusque sit plenum et doli,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 186:

fecisti, here, facetias, quom, etc.,

id. Stich. 5, 2, 7.—

Wit, witty sayings, witticisms, pleasantry, drollery, humor, facetiousness (class.;

syn.: sal, dicacitas, cavillatio, lepos, urbanitas, comitas): (sales), quorum duo genera sunt, unum facetiarum, alterum dicacitatis,

Cic. Or. 26, 87:

cum duo genera sint facetiarum... illa a veteribus superior cavillatio, haec altera dicacitas nominata est,

id. de Or. 2, 54, 218:

facetiis autem maxime homines delectari, si quando risus conjuncte, re verboque moveatur,

id. ib. 2, 61, 248:

P. Scipio omnes sale facetiisque superabat,

id. Brut. 34, 128:

festivitate et facetiis C. Julius et superioribus et aequalibus suis omnibus praestitit,

id. ib. 48, 177:

sale tuo et lepore et politissimis facetiis pellexisti,

id. de Or. 1, 57, 243:

accedat oportet lepos quidam facetiaeque,

id. ib. 1, 5, 17; cf.:

dulces Latini leporis facetiae,

Vell. 1, 17, 1:

facetiarum quidam lepos,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 159:

facie magis quam facetiis ridiculus,

id. Att 1, 13, 2:

ego mirifice capior facetiis, maxime nostratibus (corresp. to sales),

id. Fam. 9, 15, 2:

asperis facetiis illusus,

sarcasms, Tac. A. 15, 68; cf.

acerbae,

id. ib. 5, 2:

per facetias incusare aliquem,

id. ib. 14, 1.

sub-dūco, xi, ctum, 3 ( perf. sync. subduxti, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 25; inf. subduxe, Poët. ap. Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6), v. a., to draw from under or from below.

Without the idea of removal.

In gen., to draw or pull up; to lift up, raise (rare):

brassicam ad nasum admoveto: ita subducito susum animam, quam plurimum poteris,

Cato, R. R. 157, 15:

aliquid sursum,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 4:

cataractam funibus,

Liv. 27, 28, 10: subductis (tunicis) usque ad inguen, pulled up (opp. demissis), Hor. S. 1, 2, 26: supercilia, Turp. ap. Non. 399, 30; Varr. ib. 399, 33; Sen. Ep. 48, 5; id. Ben. 1, 1, 6 al.; cf.:

subducto voltu,

Prop. 2, 10 (3, 1), 9.—

In partic., naut. t. t., to draw or haul up on land (a ship out of the water;

class. and freq.): navim in pulvinarium,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 27:

longas naves in aridum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 29:

navis subducta in terrā,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 50:

naves regiae in campo Martio subductae sunt,

Liv. 45, 42:

ab classe, quae Corcyrae subducta erat,

id. 31, 22:

classis, quae subducta esset ad Gytheum,

Cic. Off. 3, 11, 49; so,

naves,

Caes. B. G. 5, 11; id. B. C. 2, 23; 3, 23 fin.; Liv. 27, 17, 6; 37, 10; 42, 27:

classem,

id. 45, 2 al.; Vulg. Luc. 5, 11.—

With the idea of removal implied, to draw away from among; to take away, lead away, carry off; to withdraw, remove, etc. (class.; syn. subtraho).

In gen.:

ubi bullabit vinum, ignem subducito,

Cato, R. R. 105, 1:

lapides ex turri,

Caes. B. C. 2, 11:

rerum fundamenta,

Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 42:

conjux fidum capiti subduxerat ensem,

Verg. A. 6, 524:

subduc cibum unum diem athletae,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 40:

et sucus pecori et lac subducitur agnis,

Verg. E. 3, 6:

pugnae Turnum,

id. A. 10, 615;

so,

id. ib. 10, 50:

aliquem manibus Graium,

id. ib. 10, 81:

aliquem praesenti periculo,

Vell. 2, 72, 5:

se pedibus (terra),

Lucr. 1, 1106:

se ab ipso Vulnere (fera),

Ov. M. 7, 781 et saep. —

Esp.

To purge, evacuate:

quoniam is cibus subduceret sensim alvum,

Gell. 4, 11, 4; so,

alvum,

Cels. 3, 4.—

Vela celeriter, to take in, furl, Auct. B. Alex. 45, 3:

rem de judicio,

Dig. 10, 2, 14.—

Milit. t. t., to draw off forces from one position to another (class.):

cohortes aliquot subductas ex dextro cornu post aciem circumducit,

Liv. 27, 48:

Numidas ex mediā acie,

id. 22, 48:

triarios ex postremā acie,

id. 44, 37:

subductis ordinibus,

id. 36, 18; cf. id. 40, 30:

ab his centuriones omnes lectos et evocatos... in primam aciem subducit,

Sall. C. 59, 3:

copias in proximum collem subducit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 1, 22:

milites pleno gradu in collem,

Sall. J. 98, 4:

agmen in aequiorem locum,

Liv. 7, 34.—

With the idea of stealth or secrecy.

To take away secretly or by stealth, to steal, hide: Atreus quam (pecudem auream) sibi Thyestem subduxe queritur, Poët. ap. Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6:

alicui anulum,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 81:

subducta viatica plorat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 54:

post ignem aethereā domo Subductum,

id. C. 1, 3, 30:

nec mihi rivalis subducit certos amores,

Prop. 1, 8, 45:

saccularii partem subducunt, partem subtrahunt,

Dig. 47, 11, 7:

obsides furto,

Liv. 9, 11:

cubiculum subductum omnibus ventis,

secured against, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 10.—

Esp., with se, me, etc., to take one's self away by stealth, withdraw, steal away:

tempus est subducere hinc me,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 62:

clam te subduxti mihi,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 25:

de circulo se subduxit,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 1:

modo se subducere ab ipso Vulnere visa fera est,

Ov. M. 7, 781:

se clam,

Nep. Alcib. 4, 4;

Auct. B. Afr. 93, 1: at nos quaerimus illa (verba), tamquam lateant semper seseque subducant,

Quint. 8, prooem. § 21.— Poet.:

neve terra se pedibus subducat,

Lucr. 1, 1106:

quā se subducere colles Incipiunt,

i. e. to slope down gradually, Verg. E. 9, 7; cf.

mid.: fons subducitur,

i. e. loses itself, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 39.—

Trop.

Rationem, to draw up, cast up, reckon, compute, calculate, or balance an account (by subtracting one set of items from another; class.;

esp. freq. in Cic.): subduxi ratiunculam, Quantum aeris mihi sit, quantumque alieni siet,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 1; cf.:

intus subducam ratiunculam, quantillum argenti mi siet,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 89:

subducamus summam,

Cic. Att. 5, 21, 11; cf.:

assidunt, subducunt: ad numum convenit,

id. ib. 5, 21, 12.—

In gen.: rationem, to deliberate, calculate:

rationibus subductis summam feci cogitationum mearum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

Medea et Atreus... initā subductāque ratione nefaria scelera meditantes,

id. N. D. 3, 29, 71; cf.: ineundis subducendisque rationibus, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 399, 16;

for which also, calculis subductis,

id. Fin. 2, 19, 60:

bene subductā ratione,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 1:

hoc quid intersit, si tuos digitos novi, certe habes subductum,

Cic. Att. 5, 21, 31. —Hence, subductus, a, um, P. a.

(Acc. to I. A.) Raised, elevated, upturned: quod vituperones suos subducti supercilii carptores appellavit (Laevius), Gell. 19, 7, 16.—

(Acc. to II. A. 1.) Withdrawn, removed, remote, = remotus (post-Aug. and very rare):

terra subductior,

Mart. Cap. 6, § 591.