Перевод: с латинского на все языки

quid+pro+quo

121 ac

atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).
I.
In joining single words, which is its most common use.
A.
In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)
1.
The form atque.
a.
Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):
sociorum atque amicorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):
deposci atque expeti,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):
excitare atque inflammare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):
honestissimus atque ornatissimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):
Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—
b.
Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):
Gallorum atque Belgarum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,
Cassius atque Brutus,
Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):
in portubus atque custodiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):
superatam esse atque depressam,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):
vitiis atque flagitiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):
dignitate atque gloria,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:
virtute atque gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):
labore atque justitia,
Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):
hilari atque laeto,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):
multae atque magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):
adventu atque nomine,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):
magna atque praeclara,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):
se conlegit atque recreavit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):
provinciarum atque sociorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):
parietum atque tectorum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):
gravis atque vehemens,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—
2.
The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):
sentientes ac bene meritos,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:
feri ac barbari,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):
liberis ac conjugibus,
Liv. 21, 30:
Romae ac circa urbem,
id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):
periculum ac discrimen,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:
usus ac disciplina,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):
opima est ac fertilis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:
potentissimos ac firmissimos,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;
2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):
nobilitatis ac juventutis,
Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):
terrore ac metu,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):
insedit ac nimis inveteravit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:
gentes ac nationes,
id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):
celeberrimum ac plenissimum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):
firmamenti ac roboris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):
vectigalibus ac sociis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):
tantis rebus ac tanto bello,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):
armatos ac victores,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
inconsulte ac veluti etc.,
Sall. C. 42, 2:
opera ac vineae,
Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:
Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,
Tac. Agr. 35:
in se simul atque in Herculem,
id. G. 34:
suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,
id. ib. 30; so,
sociis pariter atque hostibus,
id. H. 4, 73:
innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,
id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:
verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,
Cic. Cael. 19, 45:
omnia honesta atque inhonesta,
Sall. C. 30, 4:
nobiles atque ignobiles,
id. ib. 20, 7:
caloris ac frigoris patientia par,
Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:
vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—
B.
Esp.
a.
In a hendiadys:
utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,
with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:
de conplexu ejus ac sinu,
of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:
me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,
Sall. C. 3 fin.:
clamore atque adsensu,
shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—
b.
In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).
(α).
Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:
Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,
and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:
rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,
and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:
magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,
and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:
hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:
ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,
and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:
fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,
and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:
intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,
id. C. 52, 35.—
(β).
With adeo, and that too, and even:
intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:
qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,
id. ib. 2, 12, 27:
insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,
id. Planc. 19 fin.:
non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,
Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:
atque adeo autem quor etc.,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—
(γ).
With etiam:
id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,
and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:
ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,
Liv. 3, 46.—
(δ).
With the dem. pron. hic, is:
negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,
and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:
maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 27:
Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,
id. ib. 2, 2:
duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,
id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:
flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,
id. B. G. 5, 18:
ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:
dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,
Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—
II.
In comparisons.
A.
Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:
si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:
Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:
pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:
neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:
parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 5:
magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,
id. Hann. 5, 3:
pariter patribus ac plebi carus,
Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:
In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:
equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:
cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:
Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,
Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:
et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,
id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:
similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,
Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:
contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,
Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:
faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:
cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—
B.
Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:
illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,
other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:
aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.
also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,
Cic. Att. 2, 3:
simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:
vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,
id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:
membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,
id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:
cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,
id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—
C.
Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;
once, however, non aliter, ac si,
Cic. Att. 13, 51;
v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,
Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:
nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,
id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:
quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,
id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:
si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,
id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:
Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,
just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:
tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:
reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,
id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:
quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,
id. Mur. 4 fin.:
haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,
Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —
D.
More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;
in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:
haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:
debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,
Cic. Cat. 4, 2:
pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,
id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:
non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,
nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:
neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:
num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?
id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—
E.
Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):
nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:
quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,
id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:
quae suco caret atque putris pumex,
Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—
F.
Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:
amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:
non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:
Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,
Cat. 61, 172:
haud minus ac jussi faciunt,
Verg. A. 3, 561:
Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:
nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,
id. ib. 2, 7, 96:
Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,
id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —
G.
In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:
principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,
as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:
judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,
Dig. 21, 1, 25:
quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,
ib. 16, 1, 24.—
III.
To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.
a.
Absol.:
Decipiam ac non veniam,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:
si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:
perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:
quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33:
si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?
id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:
nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,
id. Att. 1, 16:
si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,
id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:
si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,
id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:
velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,
Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:
si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,
Tac. Or. 1.—
b.
With potius:
Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):
quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?
id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:
concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —
IV.
In connecting clauses and beginning periods.
1.
In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:
atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:
cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:
multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,
Tac. A. 1, 47:
Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,
Tac. Or. 14:
ac similiter in translatione, etc.,
Quint. 3, 6, 77.—
2.
In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.
a.
Absol.:
maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,
and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —
b.
Often with etiam:
Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,
Cic. Or. 40, 139:
Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—
c.
Sometimes with quoque:
Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—
d.
And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—
3.
In narration:
aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,
Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:
completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,
Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —
4.
In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):
Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:
ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,
Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;
12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;
and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,
Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:
Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:
Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,
id. Lael. 15, 54.—
5.
In connecting two acts or events.
a.
In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;
ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,
And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:
Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,
and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:
dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:
lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,
and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:
dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,
Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:
tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,
id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:
cape hoc argentum atque defer,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:
abi domum ac deos comprecare,
id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:
tace modo ac sequere hac,
id. ib. 2, 4, 16:
Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,
Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:
Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,
id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—
b.
In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.
(α).
Absol.:
si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,
and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—
(β).
With ita or sic:
Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,
Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:
ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,
Quint. 12, 10, 67.—
c.
Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):
non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,
Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—
6.
(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:
Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:
hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;
ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:
Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,
And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—
7.
In expressing a wish, atque utinam:
Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!
Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:
Atque utinam pro decore etc.,
Liv. 21, 41, 13:
Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,
Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:
Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!
Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—
8.
To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.
a.
Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;
atque ipsis commentum placet,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):
ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,
id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:
ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,
and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:
observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,
Plin. Pan. 26.—
b.
With tamen:
nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:
discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,
id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:
Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,
id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):
ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;
14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,
id. H. 5, 16.—
9.
To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;
... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:
nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),
Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—
10.
In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).
a.
A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:
Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:
Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,
id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:
Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,
Cels. 8, 1:
Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:
Ac ne forte putes,
id. ib. 2, 1, 208:
Ac ne forte putes etc.,
Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—
b.
A positive purpose:
Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:
Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:
Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,
id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—
11.
a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:
atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,
id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—
b.
In introducing parentheses:
vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,
Liv. 21, 38:
omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,
Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —
c.
At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:
Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,
id. Off. 1, 6, 19:
Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,
id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—
V.
In particular connections and phrases.
A.
Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:
unae atque alterae scalae,
Sall. J. 60, 7:
quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,
id. ib. 93, 2:
unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,
Tac. H. 5, 6:
dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,
Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:
alius atque alius,
Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:
aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,
Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—
B.
Etiam atque etiam. again and again:
temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:
etiam atque etiam considera,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:
monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,
id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:
iterum atque iterum,
Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—
C.
Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—
D.
Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:
atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,
but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:
Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,
and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—
E.
Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:
Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,
Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:
quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,
id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:
nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:
Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,
Quint. 10, 2, 2.—
F.
With other conjunctions.
1.
After et:
equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:
Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,
id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:
vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,
Tac. Agr. 32.:
denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,
Liv. 21, 6, 4:
ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,
id. 21, 41, 2:
et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,
Quint. 8, 3, 3:
Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,
id. 12, 10, 67. —
2.
After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:
submoverique atque in castra redigi,
Liv. 26, 10:
terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,
id. 21, 52:
mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,
Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—
3.
Before et:
caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,
Tac. Agr. 32.—
4.
After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):
nec clavis nec canis atque calix,
Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:
mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,
Suet. Vesp. 12.—
G.
Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:
atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:
omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:
Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,
Cat. 68, 152:
Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,
Verg. G. 4, 463:
Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,
id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:
Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,
Tib. 2, 5, 73:
complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,
Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.

► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:
a.
In the second place:
Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,
Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:
Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,
id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):
Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,
Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—
b.
In the third place:
quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ac
122 adque

atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).
I.
In joining single words, which is its most common use.
A.
In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)
1.
The form atque.
a.
Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):
sociorum atque amicorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):
deposci atque expeti,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):
excitare atque inflammare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):
honestissimus atque ornatissimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):
Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—
b.
Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):
Gallorum atque Belgarum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,
Cassius atque Brutus,
Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):
in portubus atque custodiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):
superatam esse atque depressam,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):
vitiis atque flagitiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):
dignitate atque gloria,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:
virtute atque gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):
labore atque justitia,
Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):
hilari atque laeto,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):
multae atque magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):
adventu atque nomine,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):
magna atque praeclara,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):
se conlegit atque recreavit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):
provinciarum atque sociorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):
parietum atque tectorum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):
gravis atque vehemens,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—
2.
The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):
sentientes ac bene meritos,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:
feri ac barbari,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):
liberis ac conjugibus,
Liv. 21, 30:
Romae ac circa urbem,
id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):
periculum ac discrimen,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:
usus ac disciplina,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):
opima est ac fertilis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:
potentissimos ac firmissimos,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;
2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):
nobilitatis ac juventutis,
Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):
terrore ac metu,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):
insedit ac nimis inveteravit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:
gentes ac nationes,
id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):
celeberrimum ac plenissimum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):
firmamenti ac roboris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):
vectigalibus ac sociis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):
tantis rebus ac tanto bello,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):
armatos ac victores,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
inconsulte ac veluti etc.,
Sall. C. 42, 2:
opera ac vineae,
Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:
Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,
Tac. Agr. 35:
in se simul atque in Herculem,
id. G. 34:
suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,
id. ib. 30; so,
sociis pariter atque hostibus,
id. H. 4, 73:
innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,
id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:
verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,
Cic. Cael. 19, 45:
omnia honesta atque inhonesta,
Sall. C. 30, 4:
nobiles atque ignobiles,
id. ib. 20, 7:
caloris ac frigoris patientia par,
Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:
vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—
B.
Esp.
a.
In a hendiadys:
utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,
with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:
de conplexu ejus ac sinu,
of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:
me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,
Sall. C. 3 fin.:
clamore atque adsensu,
shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—
b.
In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).
(α).
Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:
Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,
and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:
rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,
and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:
magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,
and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:
hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:
ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,
and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:
fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,
and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:
intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,
id. C. 52, 35.—
(β).
With adeo, and that too, and even:
intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:
qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,
id. ib. 2, 12, 27:
insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,
id. Planc. 19 fin.:
non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,
Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:
atque adeo autem quor etc.,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—
(γ).
With etiam:
id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,
and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:
ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,
Liv. 3, 46.—
(δ).
With the dem. pron. hic, is:
negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,
and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:
maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 27:
Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,
id. ib. 2, 2:
duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,
id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:
flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,
id. B. G. 5, 18:
ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:
dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,
Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—
II.
In comparisons.
A.
Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:
si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:
Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:
pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:
neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:
parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 5:
magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,
id. Hann. 5, 3:
pariter patribus ac plebi carus,
Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:
In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:
equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:
cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:
Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,
Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:
et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,
id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:
similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,
Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:
contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,
Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:
faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:
cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—
B.
Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:
illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,
other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:
aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.
also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,
Cic. Att. 2, 3:
simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:
vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,
id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:
membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,
id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:
cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,
id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—
C.
Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;
once, however, non aliter, ac si,
Cic. Att. 13, 51;
v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,
Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:
nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,
id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:
quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,
id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:
si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,
id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:
Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,
just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:
tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:
reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,
id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:
quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,
id. Mur. 4 fin.:
haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,
Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —
D.
More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;
in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:
haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:
debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,
Cic. Cat. 4, 2:
pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,
id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:
non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,
nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:
neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:
num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?
id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—
E.
Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):
nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:
quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,
id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:
quae suco caret atque putris pumex,
Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—
F.
Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:
amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:
non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:
Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,
Cat. 61, 172:
haud minus ac jussi faciunt,
Verg. A. 3, 561:
Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:
nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,
id. ib. 2, 7, 96:
Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,
id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —
G.
In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:
principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,
as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:
judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,
Dig. 21, 1, 25:
quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,
ib. 16, 1, 24.—
III.
To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.
a.
Absol.:
Decipiam ac non veniam,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:
si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:
perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:
quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33:
si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?
id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:
nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,
id. Att. 1, 16:
si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,
id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:
si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,
id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:
velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,
Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:
si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,
Tac. Or. 1.—
b.
With potius:
Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):
quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?
id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:
concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —
IV.
In connecting clauses and beginning periods.
1.
In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:
atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:
cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:
multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,
Tac. A. 1, 47:
Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,
Tac. Or. 14:
ac similiter in translatione, etc.,
Quint. 3, 6, 77.—
2.
In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.
a.
Absol.:
maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,
and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —
b.
Often with etiam:
Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,
Cic. Or. 40, 139:
Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—
c.
Sometimes with quoque:
Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—
d.
And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—
3.
In narration:
aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,
Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:
completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,
Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —
4.
In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):
Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:
ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,
Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;
12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;
and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,
Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:
Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:
Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,
id. Lael. 15, 54.—
5.
In connecting two acts or events.
a.
In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;
ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,
And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:
Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,
and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:
dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:
lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,
and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:
dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,
Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:
tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,
id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:
cape hoc argentum atque defer,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:
abi domum ac deos comprecare,
id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:
tace modo ac sequere hac,
id. ib. 2, 4, 16:
Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,
Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:
Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,
id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—
b.
In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.
(α).
Absol.:
si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,
and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—
(β).
With ita or sic:
Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,
Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:
ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,
Quint. 12, 10, 67.—
c.
Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):
non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,
Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—
6.
(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:
Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:
hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;
ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:
Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,
And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—
7.
In expressing a wish, atque utinam:
Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!
Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:
Atque utinam pro decore etc.,
Liv. 21, 41, 13:
Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,
Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:
Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!
Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—
8.
To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.
a.
Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;
atque ipsis commentum placet,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):
ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,
id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:
ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,
and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:
observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,
Plin. Pan. 26.—
b.
With tamen:
nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:
discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,
id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:
Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,
id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):
ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;
14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,
id. H. 5, 16.—
9.
To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;
... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:
nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),
Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—
10.
In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).
a.
A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:
Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:
Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,
id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:
Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,
Cels. 8, 1:
Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:
Ac ne forte putes,
id. ib. 2, 1, 208:
Ac ne forte putes etc.,
Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—
b.
A positive purpose:
Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:
Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:
Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,
id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—
11.
a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:
atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,
id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—
b.
In introducing parentheses:
vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,
Liv. 21, 38:
omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,
Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —
c.
At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:
Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,
id. Off. 1, 6, 19:
Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,
id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—
V.
In particular connections and phrases.
A.
Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:
unae atque alterae scalae,
Sall. J. 60, 7:
quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,
id. ib. 93, 2:
unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,
Tac. H. 5, 6:
dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,
Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:
alius atque alius,
Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:
aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,
Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—
B.
Etiam atque etiam. again and again:
temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:
etiam atque etiam considera,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:
monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,
id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:
iterum atque iterum,
Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—
C.
Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—
D.
Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:
atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,
but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:
Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,
and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—
E.
Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:
Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,
Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:
quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,
id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:
nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:
Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,
Quint. 10, 2, 2.—
F.
With other conjunctions.
1.
After et:
equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:
Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,
id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:
vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,
Tac. Agr. 32.:
denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,
Liv. 21, 6, 4:
ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,
id. 21, 41, 2:
et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,
Quint. 8, 3, 3:
Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,
id. 12, 10, 67. —
2.
After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:
submoverique atque in castra redigi,
Liv. 26, 10:
terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,
id. 21, 52:
mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,
Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—
3.
Before et:
caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,
Tac. Agr. 32.—
4.
After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):
nec clavis nec canis atque calix,
Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:
mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,
Suet. Vesp. 12.—
G.
Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:
atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:
omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:
Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,
Cat. 68, 152:
Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,
Verg. G. 4, 463:
Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,
id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:
Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,
Tib. 2, 5, 73:
complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,
Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.

► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:
a.
In the second place:
Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,
Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:
Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,
id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):
Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,
Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—
b.
In the third place:
quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adque
123 atque

atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).
I.
In joining single words, which is its most common use.
A.
In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)
1.
The form atque.
a.
Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):
sociorum atque amicorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):
deposci atque expeti,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):
excitare atque inflammare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):
honestissimus atque ornatissimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):
Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—
b.
Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):
Gallorum atque Belgarum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,
Cassius atque Brutus,
Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):
in portubus atque custodiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):
superatam esse atque depressam,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):
vitiis atque flagitiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):
dignitate atque gloria,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:
virtute atque gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):
labore atque justitia,
Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):
hilari atque laeto,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):
multae atque magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):
adventu atque nomine,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):
magna atque praeclara,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):
se conlegit atque recreavit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):
provinciarum atque sociorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):
parietum atque tectorum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):
gravis atque vehemens,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—
2.
The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):
sentientes ac bene meritos,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:
feri ac barbari,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):
liberis ac conjugibus,
Liv. 21, 30:
Romae ac circa urbem,
id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):
periculum ac discrimen,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:
usus ac disciplina,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):
opima est ac fertilis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:
potentissimos ac firmissimos,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;
2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):
nobilitatis ac juventutis,
Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):
terrore ac metu,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):
insedit ac nimis inveteravit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:
gentes ac nationes,
id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):
celeberrimum ac plenissimum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):
firmamenti ac roboris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):
vectigalibus ac sociis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):
tantis rebus ac tanto bello,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):
armatos ac victores,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
inconsulte ac veluti etc.,
Sall. C. 42, 2:
opera ac vineae,
Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:
Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,
Tac. Agr. 35:
in se simul atque in Herculem,
id. G. 34:
suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,
id. ib. 30; so,
sociis pariter atque hostibus,
id. H. 4, 73:
innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,
id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:
verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,
Cic. Cael. 19, 45:
omnia honesta atque inhonesta,
Sall. C. 30, 4:
nobiles atque ignobiles,
id. ib. 20, 7:
caloris ac frigoris patientia par,
Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:
vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—
B.
Esp.
a.
In a hendiadys:
utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,
with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:
de conplexu ejus ac sinu,
of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:
me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,
Sall. C. 3 fin.:
clamore atque adsensu,
shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—
b.
In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).
(α).
Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:
Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,
and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:
rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,
and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:
magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,
and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:
hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:
ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,
and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:
fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,
and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:
intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,
id. C. 52, 35.—
(β).
With adeo, and that too, and even:
intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:
qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,
id. ib. 2, 12, 27:
insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,
id. Planc. 19 fin.:
non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,
Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:
atque adeo autem quor etc.,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—
(γ).
With etiam:
id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,
and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:
ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,
Liv. 3, 46.—
(δ).
With the dem. pron. hic, is:
negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,
and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:
maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 27:
Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,
id. ib. 2, 2:
duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,
id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:
flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,
id. B. G. 5, 18:
ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:
dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,
Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—
II.
In comparisons.
A.
Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:
si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:
Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:
pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:
neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:
parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 5:
magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,
id. Hann. 5, 3:
pariter patribus ac plebi carus,
Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:
In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:
equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:
cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:
Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,
Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:
et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,
id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:
similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,
Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:
contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,
Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:
faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:
cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—
B.
Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:
illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,
other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:
aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.
also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,
Cic. Att. 2, 3:
simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:
vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,
id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:
membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,
id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:
cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,
id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—
C.
Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;
once, however, non aliter, ac si,
Cic. Att. 13, 51;
v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,
Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:
nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,
id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:
quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,
id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:
si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,
id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:
Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,
just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:
tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:
reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,
id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:
quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,
id. Mur. 4 fin.:
haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,
Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —
D.
More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;
in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:
haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:
debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,
Cic. Cat. 4, 2:
pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,
id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:
non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,
nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:
neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:
num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?
id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—
E.
Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):
nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:
quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,
id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:
quae suco caret atque putris pumex,
Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—
F.
Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:
amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:
non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:
Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,
Cat. 61, 172:
haud minus ac jussi faciunt,
Verg. A. 3, 561:
Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:
nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,
id. ib. 2, 7, 96:
Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,
id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —
G.
In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:
principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,
as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:
judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,
Dig. 21, 1, 25:
quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,
ib. 16, 1, 24.—
III.
To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.
a.
Absol.:
Decipiam ac non veniam,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:
si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:
perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:
quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33:
si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?
id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:
nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,
id. Att. 1, 16:
si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,
id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:
si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,
id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:
velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,
Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:
si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,
Tac. Or. 1.—
b.
With potius:
Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):
quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?
id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:
concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —
IV.
In connecting clauses and beginning periods.
1.
In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:
atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:
cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:
multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,
Tac. A. 1, 47:
Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,
Tac. Or. 14:
ac similiter in translatione, etc.,
Quint. 3, 6, 77.—
2.
In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.
a.
Absol.:
maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,
and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —
b.
Often with etiam:
Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,
Cic. Or. 40, 139:
Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—
c.
Sometimes with quoque:
Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—
d.
And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—
3.
In narration:
aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,
Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:
completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,
Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —
4.
In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):
Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:
ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,
Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;
12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;
and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,
Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:
Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:
Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,
id. Lael. 15, 54.—
5.
In connecting two acts or events.
a.
In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;
ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,
And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:
Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,
and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:
dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:
lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,
and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:
dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,
Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:
tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,
id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:
cape hoc argentum atque defer,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:
abi domum ac deos comprecare,
id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:
tace modo ac sequere hac,
id. ib. 2, 4, 16:
Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,
Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:
Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,
id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—
b.
In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.
(α).
Absol.:
si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,
and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—
(β).
With ita or sic:
Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,
Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:
ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,
Quint. 12, 10, 67.—
c.
Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):
non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,
Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—
6.
(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:
Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:
hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;
ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:
Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,
And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—
7.
In expressing a wish, atque utinam:
Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!
Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:
Atque utinam pro decore etc.,
Liv. 21, 41, 13:
Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,
Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:
Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!
Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—
8.
To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.
a.
Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;
atque ipsis commentum placet,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):
ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,
id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:
ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,
and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:
observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,
Plin. Pan. 26.—
b.
With tamen:
nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:
discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,
id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:
Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,
id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):
ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;
14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,
id. H. 5, 16.—
9.
To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;
... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:
nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),
Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—
10.
In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).
a.
A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:
Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:
Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,
id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:
Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,
Cels. 8, 1:
Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:
Ac ne forte putes,
id. ib. 2, 1, 208:
Ac ne forte putes etc.,
Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—
b.
A positive purpose:
Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:
Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:
Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,
id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—
11.
a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:
atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,
id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—
b.
In introducing parentheses:
vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,
Liv. 21, 38:
omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,
Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —
c.
At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:
Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,
id. Off. 1, 6, 19:
Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,
id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—
V.
In particular connections and phrases.
A.
Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:
unae atque alterae scalae,
Sall. J. 60, 7:
quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,
id. ib. 93, 2:
unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,
Tac. H. 5, 6:
dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,
Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:
alius atque alius,
Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:
aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,
Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—
B.
Etiam atque etiam. again and again:
temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:
etiam atque etiam considera,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:
monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,
id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:
iterum atque iterum,
Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—
C.
Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—
D.
Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:
atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,
but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:
Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,
and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—
E.
Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:
Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,
Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:
quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,
id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:
nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:
Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,
Quint. 10, 2, 2.—
F.
With other conjunctions.
1.
After et:
equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:
Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,
id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:
vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,
Tac. Agr. 32.:
denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,
Liv. 21, 6, 4:
ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,
id. 21, 41, 2:
et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,
Quint. 8, 3, 3:
Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,
id. 12, 10, 67. —
2.
After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:
submoverique atque in castra redigi,
Liv. 26, 10:
terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,
id. 21, 52:
mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,
Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—
3.
Before et:
caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,
Tac. Agr. 32.—
4.
After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):
nec clavis nec canis atque calix,
Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:
mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,
Suet. Vesp. 12.—
G.
Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:
atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:
omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:
Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,
Cat. 68, 152:
Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,
Verg. G. 4, 463:
Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,
id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:
Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,
Tib. 2, 5, 73:
complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,
Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.

► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:
a.
In the second place:
Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,
Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:
Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,
id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):
Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,
Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—
b.
In the third place:
quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > atque
124 res

rēs, rei (rēi with e long; gen., Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236; rei, gen., monosyl. at the end of the verse, Lucr. 3, 918;
and in the middle of the verse,
id. 4, 885, and Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6), f. [ etym. dub.; perh. root ra- of reor, ratus; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. thing, from denken, to think; prop., that which is thought of; cf. also logos, Lid. and Scott, 9], a thing, object, being; a matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case, etc.; and sometimes merely = something (cf.: causa, ratio, negotium).
I.
In gen.:
unde initum primum capiat res quaeque movendi,
Lucr. 1, 383; cf. id. 1, 536:
in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur,
id. 2, 826: summe Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.):
versus, quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere conor,
Lucr. 1, 25; cf. id. 1, 126; 5, 54:
rerum natura creatrix,
id. 2, 1117:
divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei cognitio,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. divinus):
haeret haec res,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182:
profecto, ut loquor, ita res est,
id. ib. 2, 1, 19:
haud mentior, resque uti facta dico,
id. ib. 2, 1, 23:
de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius,
id. ib. prol. 110:
in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā),
Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.:
quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, quia sunt avibus contraria cunctis,
from the nature of the thing, Lucr. 6, 740; cf. id. 6, 424; Liv. 1, 17:
si res postulabit,
the condition of the case, Cic. Lael. 13, 44: scaena rei totius haec, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3:
fugam in se nemo convertitur Nec recedit loco, quin statim rem gerat,
does his duty, stands his ground, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84; so, res gerere, v. gero; hence, too, rerum scriptor, for a historian, v. scriptor, and cf. II. H. infra.—
B.
With adj. of quality, to express condition, etc.:
illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit,
is bringing a bad business on himself, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171; so,
res mala,
a wretched condition, Sall. C. 20, 13; and more freq. in plur.:
bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas,
circumstances, condition, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12:
res secundae,
good fortune, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30; cf. Liv. 3, 9:
res prosperae,
Nep. Dion, 6, 1; id. Eum. 5, 1:
in secundissimis rebus,
Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91:
adversae res,
id. ib. 1, 26, 90; Hor. S. 2, 2, 136; 2, 8, 73:
res belli adversae,
Liv. 10, 6:
res dubiae,
Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 7, 30;
v. bonus, florens, salvus, adversus, dubius, novus, arduus, etc.— Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem,
go to the bad, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37; id. And. 2, 1, 17:
malam rem hinc ibis?
id. Eun. 3, 3, 30.—
C.
With an adj. in a periphrasis:
abhorrens ab re uxoriā,
matrimony, Ter. And. 5, 1, 10:
in arbitrio rei uxoriae,
dowry, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 61:
rem divinam nisi compitalibus... ne faciat,
a religious act, act of worship, a sacrifice, Cato, R. R. 5, 4:
bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt,
Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6:
erat ei pecuaria res ampla et rustica,
Cic. Quint. 3, 12: res rustica, agriculture:
rei rusticae libro primo,
Col. 11, 1, 2; id. 1, praef. §
19: liber, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,
Cic. Sen. 15, 54:
navalis rei certamina,
naval battles, Amm. 26, 3, 5:
res militaris,
Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2:
rei militaris gloria,
id. Mur. 9, 22; Nep. Milt. 8, 4:
res frumentaria,
forage, Caes. B. C. 3, 16; id. B. G. 1, 23; 4, 7:
armatae rei scientissimus,
Amm. 25, 4, 7:
peritus aquariae rei,
id. 28, 2, 2:
res judicaria,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31:
res ludicra,
play, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180:
uti rebus veneriis,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47; Nep. Alc. 11, 4:
res Veneris,
Lucr. 2, 173; Ov. R. Am. 431; v. also familiaris, judiciaria, militaris, navalis, etc., and cf. II. G. infra. —
D.
With pronouns or adjectives, as an emphatic periphrase for the neutr.:
ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit,
this now, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16; cf.: De. Estne hoc, ut dico? Li. Rectam instas viam:
Ea res est,
it is even so, id. As. 1, 1, 40:
de fratre confido ita esse ut semper volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei,
of it, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5: quos (melittônas) alii melittotropheia appellant, eandem rem quidam mellaria. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12:
sunt ex te quae scitari volo, Quarum rerum, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13; cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 4:
quibus de rebus quoniam nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti,
Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:
quā super re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem,
every thing, all, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30:
nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat cito,
nothing, id. Am. 2, 2, 96; cf.:
neque est ulla res, in quā, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9; cf.
also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, quod ad valetudinem opus sit,
id. Fam. 16, 4, 2:
magna res principio statim bello,
a great thing, a great advantage, Liv. 31, 23 fin.:
nil admirari prope res est una Solaque, quae, etc.,
the only thing, only means, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep. — Emphatically with sup.:
scilicet rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma,
the most beautiful thing in the world, Verg. G. 2, 534; Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81. —
Of persons, etc.: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:
maxime rerum,
Ov. H. 9, 107; cf.:
maxima rerum Roma,
Verg. A. 7, 602; Ov. M. 13, 508:
fortissima rerum animalia,
id. ib. 12, 502:
pulcherrime rerum,
id. H. 4, 125; id. A. A. 1, 213; id. M. 8, 49:
dulcissime rerum,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.—
E.
In adverb. phrases:
e re natā melius fieri haud potuit,
after what has happened, Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8:
pro re natā,
according to circumstances, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2; 14, 6, 1:
pro tempore et pro re,
Caes. B. G. 5, 8:
factis benignus pro re,
according to circumstances, Liv. 7, 33, 3; Sall. J. 50, 2:
pro re pauca loquar,
Verg. A. 4, 337; Lucr. 6, 1280:
ex re et ex tempore,
Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3:
e re respondi,
Cat. 10, 8.
II.
In partic.
A.
Pregn., an actual thing, the thing itself, reality, truth, fact; opposed to appearance, mere talk, the mere name of a thing:
ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 10:
desiste dictis nunc jam miseram me consolari: Nisi quid re praesidium apparas, etc.,
id. Rud. 3, 3, 21: rem ipsam loqui. Ter. And. 1, 2, 31:
rem fabulari,
Plaut. Trin 2, 4, 87:
nihil est aliud in re,
in fact, Liv. 10, 8, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.:
se ipsa res aperit,
Nep. Paus. 3, 7:
ex re decerpere fructus,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 79;
opp. verbum, vox, opinio, spes, nomen, etc.: rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; cf.: te rogo, ut rem potiorem oratione ducas, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5:
non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,
Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:
qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt,
id. N. D. 3, 21, 53:
Peripateticos et Academicos nominibus differentes, re congruentes,
id. Ac. 2, 5, 15:
quod nos honestum, illi vanum... verbis quam re probabilius vocant,
Quint. 3, 8, 22; Sen. Ep. 120, 9:
eum, tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio suo confiteri,
id. Rosc. Am. 42, 123; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 15:
vides quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā atque a veritate,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44. — Hence, abl. sing., often strengthened by verā (sometimes as one word, reverā), in fact, really, in truth, indeed, in reality:
haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur,
Cic. Quint. 17, 56; so,
re quidem verā,
id. Clu. 19, 54; id. Sest. 7, 15:
re autem verā,
id. Fam. 1, 4, 2;
and simply re verā,
id. Quint. 2, 7; id. Div. 2, 54, 110; id. Balb. 3, 7:
re verāque,
Lucr. 2, 48; cf.:
et re verā,
indeed, in fact, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1; Liv. 33, 11, 3; 35, 31, 12; 36, 6, 1; Nep. Ages. 2, 3; id. Phoc. 3, 3; Curt. 3, 13, 5; 4, 16, 19; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1; Just. 5, 1, 8; 12, 13, 10; Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 1.—
B.
Effects, substance, property, possessions:
mihi Chrysalus Perdidit filium, me atque rem omnem Meam,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; cf.: Ph. Habuitne rem? Ly. Habuit. Ph. Qui eam perdidit... Mercaturamne an venales habuit, ubi rem perdidit? id. Trin. 2, 2, 49 sq.:
quibus et re salvā et perditā profueram,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 27:
rem talentum decem,
id. Phorm. 2, 3, 46; Juv. 3, 16:
avidior ad rem,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51:
rem facere,
to make money, Cic. Att. 2, 2, 12:
res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,
id. Cat. 2, 5, [p. 1576] 10:
qui duo patrimonia accepisset remque praeterea bonis et honestis rationibus auxisset,
id. Rab. Post. 14, 38:
libertino natum patre et in tenui re,
in narrow circumstances, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 20 et saep.; v. also familiaris.— In plur.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.):
privatae res,
Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5.—
2.
Hence, law t. t., whatever may be the subject of a right, whether corporeal or incorporeal (v. Sandars, Introd. to Just. Inst. p. 42 sqq.):
res corporales,
Just. Inst. 2, 2, 1 sq.; Gai. Inst. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 8, 1:
res in patrimonio, res extra patrimonium,
Just. Inst. 2, 1 pr.; Gai. Inst. 2, 1:
res sanctae,
Just. Inst. 2, 1, 10; v. also mancipium, privatus, etc.—
C.
Benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal:
res magis quaeritur, quam, etc.,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6:
melius illi consulas quam rei tuae,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 98:
haec tuā re feceris,
to your advantage, id. Capt. 2, 2, 46.— Most freq. with the prepositions in, ex, ob, ab, etc.:
quasi istic minor mea res agatur quam tua,
is interested, affected, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. ago):
si in rem tuam esse videatur,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2:
vide si hoc in rem deputas,
id. ib. 3, 3, 19:
quod in rem recte conducat tuam,
id. Capt. 2, 3, 26:
si in remst utrique,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 14:
quid mihi melius est, quid magis in rem est, quam? etc.,
useful, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1:
tamen in rem fore credens universos adpellare,
Sall. C. 20, 1:
omnia quae in rem videbantur esse,
Curt. 6, 2, 21:
ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant,
Liv. 30, 4, 6:
imperat quae in rem sunt,
id. 26, 44, 7; 22, 3, 2:
ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar,
for your advantage, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102: An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, with advantage, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere, usefully, with advantage or profit, Sall. J. 31, 5: subdole blanditur, ab re Consulit blandiloquentulus, contrary to his interest, i. e. to his injury, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.:
haud id est ab re aucupis,
id. As. 1, 3, 71:
haec haud ab re duxi referre,
Liv. 8, 11, 1:
non ab re esse Quinctio visum est interesse, etc.,
id. 35, 32, 6; Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57; Suet. Aug. 94; Gell. 18, 4, 6; 1, 26, 4; Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.—
D.
Cause, reason, ground, account; only in the connection eā (hac) re, and eam ob rem, adverb., therefore, on that account:
eā re tot res sunt, ubi bene deicias,
Cato, R. R. 158, 2:
hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni, Quod, etc.,
Lucr. 1, 172; cf.:
illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111:
patrem exoravi, tibi ne noceat, neu quid ob eam rem succenseat,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 39; cf.:
quoi rei?
for what purpose? id. As. 3, 2, 43; id. Poen. 2, 3, 3.—Hence (by uniting into one word) the causal adverbs quare and quamobrem, v. h. vv.—
E.
An affair, matter of business, business:
cum et de societate inter se multa communicarent et de totā illā ratione atque re Gallicanā,
Cic. Quint. 4, 15:
rem cum aliquo transigere,
id. Clu. 13, 39. —
Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum aliquo,
to have to do with any one, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Sest. 16, 37; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.:
famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.— Also without a dat.:
quoniam cum senatore res est,
Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3;
esp., in mal. part.: rem habere cum aliquo or aliquā,
to have to do with any one, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39; 58. —Ellipt.:
jam biennium est, quom mecum rem coepit,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15. —
F.
A case in law, a lawsuit, cause, suit (more gen. than causa):
ubi res prolatae sunt,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10:
res agi,
id. Men. 4, 2, 19; id. Aul. 3, 4, 13:
quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 93; cf.
(prob. in allusion to this legal form): tot homines... statuere non potuisse, utrum diem tertium an perendinum... rem an litem dici oporteret,
Cic. Mur. 12, 27; cf.
also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, etc., an ancient formula,
Liv. 1, 32:
de rebus ab aliquo cognitis judicatisque dicere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:
pecunias capere ob rem judicandam,
id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:
si res certabitur olim,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 27; 1, 10, 15; 1, 9, 41; id. Ep. 1, 16, 43:
tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat,
Dig. 3, 3, 12:
rem differre,
ib. 43, 30, 3: res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit, ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.—
G.
An affair, esp. a battle, campaign, military operations; in phrase rem (or res) gerere:
res gesta virtute,
Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66:
ut res gesta est ordine narrare,
Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3:
his rebus gestis,
Caes. B. G. 5, 8:
res gerere,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:
rem bene gerere,
id. ib. 1, 8, 1; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:
comminus rem gerunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 44:
res gestae,
Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7; 2, 1, 251:
adversus duos simul rem gerere,
Liv. 21, 60:
rem male gerere,
Nep. Them. 3, 3; Hor. S. 2, 3, 74:
in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum,
Just. 2, 1, 1; cf.:
rem agere,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 4; id. A. P. 82:
ante rem,
before the battle, Liv. 4, 40:
cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant,
Nep. Pel. 1, 3; Cic. Sest. 16, 37.—
H.
Acts, events, as the subject of narration, a story, history:
res in unam sententiam scripta,
Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20:
cui lecta potenter erit res,
Hor. A. P. 40; id. S. 1, 10, 57; id. Ep. 1, 19, 29:
in medias res auditorem rapere,
id. A. P. 148; 310:
agitur res in scaenis,
id. ib. 179; cf.:
numeros animosque secutus, non res,
id. Ep. 1, 19, 25; Phaedr. 5, 1, 12:
sicut in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus,
Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199:
litterae, quibus non modo res omnis, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,
Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:
res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae,
history, Nep. Con. 5, 4; id. Cat. 3, 2.—
K.
Res publica, also as one word, respublica, the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic (cf. civitas); also, civil affairs, administration, or power, etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, Cato ap. Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.:
erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare,
Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3:
dummodo ista privata sit calamitas et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur,
id. Cat. 1, 9; cf.:
si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā,
id. Fam. 4, 9, 4:
egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere,
id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. publicus); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam fore, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45:
quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent,
Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155:
commutata ratio est rei totius publicae,
id. Att. 1, 8, 4: pro republicā niti, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 fin.:
merere de republicā,
Plaut. Am. prol. 40:
de re publicā disputatio... dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:
oppugnare rem publicam,
id. Cael. 1, 1; id. Har. Resp. 8, 15; id. Sest. 23, 52:
paene victā re publicā,
id. Fam. 12, 13, 1:
delere rem publicam,
id. Sest. 15, 33; Lact. 6, 18, 28.—Esp. in the phrase e re publicā, for the good of the State, for the public benefit:
senatūs consultis bene et e re publicā factis,
Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30:
ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi,
id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; id. Mil. 5, 14; Liv. 8, 4, 12; 25, 7, 4; 34, 34, 9; Suet. Rhet. 1 init. —Post-class. and rare, also ex republicā, Gell. 6, 3, 47; 11, 9, 1;
but exque is used for euphony (class.): id eum recte atque ordine exque re publicā fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36; 10, 11, 26.— In plur.:
eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum,
Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:
circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum,
id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.—
2.
Sometimes simply res, the State (in the poets, and since the Aug. per. in prose): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.):
hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam sistet,
Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:
nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse,
Liv. 21, 16; 1, 28:
parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt,
id. 6, 41 fin.:
Romana,
Hor. C. S. 66; id. Ep. 1, 12, 25; Ov. M. 14, 809; Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.:
ut paulo ante animum inter Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti,
Liv. 1, 28 fin.:
Albana,
id. 1, 6.— In plur.:
res Asiae evertere,
Verg. A. 3, 1:
custode rerum Caesare,
Hor. C. 4, 15, 17; cf.:
res sine discordiā translatae,
Tac. H. 1, 29; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. potior. —
L.
Res novae, political changes, a revolution, etc.; v. novus.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > res
125 contendo

con-tendo, tendī, tentum, ere, anspannen, I) eig.: a) übh.: muscipula, aufstellen, Lucil. fr.: tenacia vincla, Verg.: arcum, spannen, Verg. u.a.: ballistas lapidum et reliqua tormenta telorum c. atque adducere vehementer, Cic. – c. oculos, Comic. inc. fr.: sua perpetuo c. ilia risu, ausdehnen, Ov.: u. so membrum in diversa (nach verschiedenen Richtungen hin), Cels. – b) prägn.: α) ein Saiten-instrument anspannend stimmen, ut in fidibus plurimis si nulla earum ita contenta nervis sit, ut concentum servare possit, omnes aeque incontentae sint, sic etc., Cic. de fin. 4, 75. – β) ein Geschoß mit straff angezogenem Bogen od. Arme auf den Gegner hinrichten, zielen, arcu contenta parato tela tenens, Verg.: contenta tela (Ggstz. languida), Lucan.: sagittas c. nervo, Sil.: nervo equino c. telum, Verg. – aërias telum (Pfeil) c. in auras, Verg.: Mago (auf M.) procul infensam c. hastam, Verg. – γ) eine Brücke schlagen, Hellesponto pontem in alto, Enn. ann. 371.

II) übtr.: A) im allg.: seine körperl. od. geistigen Kräfte od. sich anspannen, d.i. anstrengen 1) die Körperkräfte, a) übh.: α) tr.: c. summas vires de palma (um den (Siegespreis, v. Rosse), Lucr.: c. se (v. den Augen), Lucr. – β) intr. contendere = sich anstrengen, seine Kräfte aufbieten, gew. m. Abl. (mit), voce, Cels.: lateribus aut clamore, Cic.: multis funibus, Caes.: vi, Gewalt anwenden, es (den Übergang) erzwingen, Caes.: u. m. allg. Acc., quantum coniti animo potes, quantum labore contendere, si discendi labor (eine körperliche Anstrengung) est potius, quam voluptas, tantum fac ut efficias, Cic. – mit folg. ut u. Konj., qui stadium currit, eniti et contendere debet quam maxime possit, ut vincat, Cic.: quantum potero voce contendam, ut populus hoc Romanus exaudiat, Cic.: remis contendit, ut eam partem insulae caperet, quā etc., Caes. – m. folg. Infin., fugā salutem petere contenderunt, Caes.: hunc (locum) duabus ex partibus oppugnare contendit, Caes.: vide ne, dum ad cacumen pervenire contendis, cum ipsis ramis, quos comprehenderis, decĭdas, Curt.

b) sich anstrengen, einen Weg, Marsch wohin auszuführen, m. allg. Acc. der Wegstrecke, nocte unā tantum itineris, Cic. Rosc. Am. 97: tandem, si operae est, contendite viam, macht euch auf den Weg, Symm. ep. 1, 8 in. – m. Acc. der Tätigkeit, rectā plateā c. cursum huc suom, Plaut. cist. 534. – m. Ang. des Ziels der Tätigkeit im Infin., sich beeilen, Bibracte ire contendit, Caes.: in Britanniam proficisci contendit, Caes.: proxima litora cursu contendunt petere, Verg.: iter a Vibone Brundisium terrā (zu L.) petere contendi, Cic. – m. Ang. des Ortszieles wohin? durch Advv., od. durch Praepp., od. durch bl. Acc. loc., wohin schleunigst aufbrechen, -reisen, -mar schieren, -rücken (vorrücken), wohin eilen, quo contenderat, pervenit, Nep.: u. (im Bilde) si potuissemus, quo contendimus, pervenire, Cic.: huc magno cursu contenderunt, Caes.: in Italiam magnis itineribus, Caes.: ad Rhenum finesque Germanorum, Caes.: inde ad Amanum, Cic.: ad hostes, ad hostium castra, Caes.: per Armeniam in hostes, Aur. Vict.: per fines Haeduorum in Lingones, Caes.: Lacedaemonem, Nep.: equo admisso Teanum, Val. Max.: Tarentum ad Heraclidem Ponticum, Varr. fr.: domum, Caes.

2) die Geisteskräfte usw. anstrengen, a) übh.: α) tr.: quo se contendit dira lubido, Lucr.: c. animum tales in curas, Ov. – m. in u. Abl., onus dignum, in quo omnes nervos aetatis industriaeque meae contenderem, Cic. – mit folg. ut od. ne u. Konj., contendit omnes nervos Chrysippus, ut persuadeat etc., Cic.: ut omnes tuos nervos in eo contendas, ne quid mihi ad hanc provinciam... temporis prorogetur, Cic. – β) intr. contendere, sich anstrengen, Anstrengungen machen, seine Kräfte aufbieten, etw. erstreben, auf etw. hinarbeiten, nach etw. ringen, absol., et illos quidem contendere, eniti; hos quiescere, remitti, Plin. ep.: c. dolis et fallaciis (Ggstz. verā viā niti), Sall. – m. allg. Acc., id sibi contendendum... existimabat, Caes.: quod plurimis locis perorationes nostrae voluisse nos atque animo contendisse declarant, Cic.: tantum contendere in re publica, quantum probare civibus tuis possis, Cic.: eadem c. (gleiche Anstr. machen) in tribunatu, Cic. – m. folg. ut od. ne u. Konj., seine Kräfte aufbieten, dahin streben, darauf hinarbeiten, ob eam causam contendi, ut plura dicerem, Cic.: contende quaeso atque elabora, non modo ut... sed etiam ut etc., Cic.: cupidissime c., ut etc., Cic.: contendebat, ne a rebus gestis eius decederet, Iustin. – durch Infin., omnibus precibus petere contendit, ut etc., Caes. – m. ad u. Akk., losstreben auf usw., eifrig streben, -ringen nach usw., ad salutem, Caes.: ad victoriam, Auct. b. Hisp.: maximis laboribus et periculis ad summam laudem gloriamque, Cic.: ad ultimum animo, Cic.: ad ea rectis studiis, Cic.

b) sich anstrengen, etw. zu erlangen, auf etw. bestehen, auf etw. dringen, etwas dringend verlangen, dringend um etw. anliegen, α) absol.: a quo facile, si contenderis, impetrare possis, ut etc., Q. Cic.: cum illi pertinaciter contenderent (darauf bestanden), Suet. – β) mit Acc.: c. honores, Varr. fr.: neque ego nunc hoc contendo...; sed te illud admoneo, ut etc., Cic. – hoc a te ita contendo, ut in eo fortunas meas positas putem, ich dringe in dieser Beziehung so ernstlich in dich, weil ich glaube, daß usw., Cic.: non erat causa, cur hoc tempore aliquid a te contenderem, Cic.: nihil ab ipso invito contendere, Cic. – propter magnitudinem potestatis hic magistratus a populo summā ambitione contenditur etc., Cic. – γ) mit de u. Abl.: ab alqo valde de reditu in gratiam, Cic.: a magistris de proferendo die, Cic.: unum instare de indutiis vehementissimeque contendere, Caes. – δ) m. folg. ut od. ne u. Konj., m. vorhergeh. allg. Acc. Pron. u. ohne diesen: non minus se id contendere et laborare, ne ea, quae dixissent, enuntiarentur, quam uti ea, quae vellent, impetrarent, Caes.: contendunt, ut ipsis summa imperii tradatur, Caes.: gratiā contendimus et rogando, ut istis te molestiis laxes, Luccei. in Cic. ep.: contendit a Pythio ut venderet, dringt in P., Cic.: vehementer ab alqo c., ut etc., Cic.: plurimis verbis ab alqo c., ut etc., Cic.: omni studio ab aliquo c., ut etc., Cic.: ab alqo petere et summe c., ut etc., Cic.: omni opere c., ut etc., Suet.: a militibus c., ne etc., Caes.: magno opere, ne etc., Suet. – ε) mit folg. Infin. nach vorhergeh. allg. Acc. Pron.: neque ego nunc hoc contendo, quod fortasse... iam in nostra aetate difficile est, mutare animum, sed etc., Cic. ad Q. fr. 1, 1, 13. § 38. – ζ) m. folg. Acc. u. Infin.: qui a Caesare dimittendos (esse) exercitus contendebant, Vell. 2, 48, 1.

c) sich anstrengen, eine Behauptung durchzusetzen, auf etw. bestehen, etw. fest behaupten, fest versichern, fest erklären, m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., bei vorhergeh. allg. Acc. u. ohne diesen, sic ego hoc contendo, me tibi ipsi adversario cuiuscumque tribus rationem poposceris redditurum, Cic.: vociferarer et quantum maxime possem contenderem... totius testimonii fictam audaciam manifesto comprehensam atque oppressam esse, Cic.: contendentes numquam eam urbem fuisse ex Triphylia, Liv.: cum M. Cato moriendum ante, quam ullam condicionem civis accipiendam rei publicae contenderet, Vell.: ausim contendere nullum te melius, aeque bene vix unum aut alterum collocasse, Plin. ep. – m. apud u. Akk., apud eos contendit falsa esse delata, Nep. Them. 7, 2. – m. pro u. Abl., illud alterum pro me maioribusque meis contendere ausim, nihil nos, quod incommodum plebi esset, scientes fecisse, Liv. 6, 40, 5. – in der Parenthese ganz absol., ut Asclepiades contendit, Cels. 1. praef. p. 3, 28 D.

3) (als v. intr.) sich ausdehnen, sich erstrecken, von Ortl. usw., haec patulum vallis contendit in orbem, Calp. ecl. 7, 30 (al. concedit): Cappadocum gens usque ad Cyrresticam eius regionem parte suā, quae vocatur Cataonia, contendit, Plin. 6, 24.

B) insbes., einem andern gegenüber sich anstrengen, 1) intr. od. mit allg. Acc. = als Gegner sich jmdm. gegenüber anstrengen obzusiegen, mit jmd. sich messen, sich in einen Streit (Wettstreit) einlassen, anbinden, streiten (sich herumstreiten), kämpfen, gegen jmd. od. etw. ankämpfen, bei Ang. womit? mit Abl.; bei Ang. mit wem? m. cum u. Abl., od. m. inter u. Akk., od. poet. m. bl. Dat.; bei Ang.gegen wen? mit contra od. adversus u. Akk.; bei Ang. wofür? m. pro u. Abl.; bei Ang. worüber? m. de u. Abl.; bei Ang. weswegen? m. propter u. Akk., a) v. eig. Kampfe, inimicā mente, Nep.: magis virtute quam dolo, Caes.: proelio, Caes. – cum barbaro, Nep.: cum victore, Hor. u. Caes., v. Gladiator, Plin. ep.: proelio uno cum Latino Volscoque, Liv.: parvulis proeliis cum nostris, Caes.: semel atque iterum armis cum alqo, Caes.: summis copiis cum alqo, Caes.: cum magnis legionibus parvā manu, Sall.: cum Sequanis bello, Caes.: u. (unpers.) proelio equestri inter duas acies contendebatur, Caes. – c. contra alcis copias, Auct. b. Afr.: contra Paridem, Verg.: contra populum Rom. armis, Caes.: contra saevum monstrum, Catull. – se didicisse adversus vires hostium, non adversus calamitates contendere, Iustin. – c. pro vitulis contra leones (v. Stieren), Cic. – c. de regno aequo Marte, Curt. – b) v. Wettkampfe im Ringen, Laufen usw., quoad stans complecti posset atque contendere, Nep. – inter coaequales c. aut equo aut cursu aut viribus, Iustin. – c. rapido cursu, Verg.: cum alqo c. pedibus, Ov. – poet. m. Dat. (s. Passerat. Prop. 1, 7, 3), quid enim contendat hirundo cygnis? Lucr.: c. Homero, Prop.: c. Latio, Claud. – c) v. polit. Wettkampf, Kampf, c. cum alqo od. inter se de principatu, Nep. u. Caes.: cum alqo de honore regni, Nep.: de potentatu inter se multos annos, Caes.: gratiā cum libenter pro homine sibi coniunctissimo, tum acriter contra factionem et potentiam paucorum, Hirt. b. G. – d) v. Kampfe mit Worten usw., sich messen, sich streiten, sich herumstreiten, rechten, es durchzusetzen suchen, cum Libone de mittendis legatis contendisse, Caes.: quodsi duriorem te eius miserae et afflictae fortunae praebes, non contendam ego adversus te, Anton. in Cic. ep.: m. allg. Acc. zur Ang. worüber? nec cum Appio, transactā re, quod contenderent (worüber sie Streit anfangen konnten) fuit, Liv. – bes. gerichtlich, c. inimicissime atque infestissime, Cic.: vulgari et pervagatā declamatione, Cic.: u. (unpers.) si contra verbis et litteris et, ut dici solet, summo iure contenditur, Cic. – c. cum alqo iurgio, Cic.: cum alqo interdicto, Cic.: cum alqo sacramento, s. sacrāmentum. – translatio non habet quaestionem, de qua contendit orator, sed propter quam contendit, Quint. – c. de bonis alcis, Val. Max.: u. (unpers.) de his lite contenditur, Quint. – cum improbissimis heredibus de paternis bonis c. apud centum viros, Val. Max. – m. allg. Acc. zur Ang. worin? tamenne vereris, ut possis haec contra Hortensium contendere? dich auch darin mit H. messen? Cic. Quinct. 78. – e) v. Wetteifer im Bieten, wetteifern, um die Wette bieten, is liceri non destitit; illi, quoad videbatur ferri aliquo modo posse, contenderunt, Cic. Verr. 3, 99. – f) von jedem Sich-Messen mit phys. od. geistigen Kräften, neque inter se contendant viribus (animae), Lucr.: c. contra vim gravitatemque morbi, Cic.: patĕre igitur rationem meam cum tua ratione contendere (sich messen), Cic.: quis enim erat qui non videret humilitatem cum dignitate et amplitudine contendere? Cic. – m. allg. Acc., sic enim est faciendum, ut contra universam naturam nihil contendamus, in keiner Sache ankämpfen, Cic.

2) zwei Dinge miteinander od. eine Sache mit einer andern zur Vergleichung sich messen lassen, vergleichen, ipsas causas, quae inter se confligunt, Cic.: leges, Cic.: vetera et praesentia, Tac. – m. cum u. Abl., quicquid tu contra dixeris, id cum defensione nostra contendito; ita facillime causa Sex. Roscii cum tua conferetur, Cic.: vitam suam Atticam cum istac rusticana, Caecil. com. fr.: annales nostros cum scriptura eorum, qui etc., Tac. – mit ad (an, gegen) u. Akk., vim suam ad maiestatem viri, Acc. tr. 648. – poet. m. bl. Dat. (wem? = mit), Aquinatem fucum Sidonio ostro, Hor.: se Frontoni, Auson.

lateinisch-deutsches > contendo

126 at

at, conj. [st2]1 [-] mais, cependant, toutefois, pourtant. - mais, au contraire, par contre, en revanche. [st2]2 [-] d'autre part, de (son, notre...) côté, quant à. [st2]3 [-] quoi? comment? [st2]4 [-] or (dans un raisonnement). [st2]5 [-] mais... donc (avec un impératif). [ABCR]I [conjonction, qui marque, comme liaison logique, l'opposition] mais, mais au contraire [zapst]¶1 elle met en regard ou oppose des personnages, des idées: tibi ita hoc videtur, at ego... Ter. Andr. 563: c'est ton avis, mais moi... ; at ego, Plaut. Amph. 436 ; Rud. 635, etc.: moi, de mon côté; Remus... ; at Romulus... Enn. An. 80: Rémus... ; de son côté, Romulus... ; Titurius trepidare... ; at Cotta: Caes. BG. 5, 33, 2: Titurius de s'agiter...; Cotta, par contre; Græci... ; at Cimbri, Cic. Tusc. 2, 6, 5: les Grecs... ; les Cimbres, au contraire; majores nostri Tusculanos, Hernicos in civitatem etiam receperunt; at Karthaginem funditus sustulerunt, Cic. Off. 1, 35: nos ancêtres allèrent jusqu'à donner le droit de cité aux habitants de Tusculum, aux Herniques ; par contre, ils détruisirent Carthage de fond en comble, cf. Off. 1, 97 ; 1, 113 ; Tusc. 1, 105 ; Nat. 1, 24, etc. II at non: mais non pas: Cic. Tull. 20; Clu. 74; Or. 151; Tusc. 2, 61; Nat. 1, 81; Div. 2, 133, etc. II at contra, Cic. Pis. 95; Quinct. 75; Amer. 131; Verr. 5, 66; Fin. 1, 56; Tusc. 1, 5: mais, par contre; ou at... e contrario, Cic. Com. 47; Nep. Eum. 1, 5 [zapst]¶2 at détachant la personne est surtout fréquent dans les imprécations: at te di perduint! Plaut. Merc. 793: toi, que les dieux te confondent, cf. Most. 38, Pseud. 836, etc. ; Ter. Eun. 431, etc. ; at tibi di dignum factis exitium duint, Ter. Andr. 666: à toi, que les dieux te donnent la fin que mérite ta conduite! at vobis male sit, Catul. 3. 13: quant à vous, soyez maudites; at tibi pro scelere... Virg. En. 2, 535: à toi! que pour prix de ton crime [les dieux te donnent la récompense que tu mérites!] II dans les vœux, les prières, etc.: Plaut. Mil. 231 ; Men. 1021, etc. ; at tu concede mihi... Cic. Att. 12, 31, 2: de ton côté, toi, accorde-moi...; at vos, o Superi... Virg. En. 8, 572: et vous, ô dieux d'en haut [ayez pitié...]; at tu, nauta... Hor. O. 1, 28, 23: mais toi, nocher... II dans le dialogue, surtout sous la forme at ille, lui, de son côté: quem (Sex. Pompeium) cum Scato salutasset, "quem te appellem" inquit; at ille "voluntate hospitem, necessitate hostem": Cic. Phil. 12, 27, Scaton l'ayant salué, "comment faut-il que je t'appelle?" lui dit-il; l'autre repartit "ton hôte par les sentiments, ton ennemi par la nécessité", cf. Tusc. 2, 61; Div. 2, 133, etc. ; at vero ille sapiens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 117: tandis que l'autre, le sage, cf. Cæc. 56 ; Sest. 139 ; Cat. 1, 4, 10, etc. [zapst]¶3 objection d'un adversaire, réelle ou fictive: at, inquis, inquies: mais, dis-tu, diras-tu: Cic. Att. 15, 4, 3 ; 7, 9, 3; at, inquit Cic. Pis. 74 ; Planc. 33, etc., mais... dit-il; at memoria minuitur, Cic. CM 21: mais, dit-on, la mémoire diminue; "at in Italia fuit"; fateor, Cic. Verr. 5, 5: "mais elle [la guerre] a été en Italie"; je le reconnais, cf. Rabir. 31; Phil. 1, 21, etc. ; at enim: mais diras-tu, mais dira-t-on: Cic. Mur. 78 ; Off. 3, 105; Sull. 56, etc. II réponse à l'objection: "male judicavit populus", at judicavit, Cic. Planc. 11: "le peuple a mal jugé"; mais il a jugé, cf. Phil. 2, 12; Att. 7, 11, 3; Amer. 41, etc. II [réponse à une sorte d'objection] oui (soit), mais: huic infesta mater, at mater, Cic. Clu. 42: sa mère lui était hostile; mais c'était sa mère; parens tuus Catilinæ fuit advocatus, improbo homini, at supplici, Cic. Sull. 81: ton père a assisté Catilina, un homme pervers, mais suppliant; non honestum consilium, at utile, Cic. Off. 3, 97: dessein peu honorable, mais utile, cf. Verr. 3, 41; Planc. 67; Dom. 77; Or. 104; Br. 238; satis, si ita vis, naturæ fortasse (vixisti), at patriæ serte parum, Cic. Marc. 25: oui, si tu veux, tu as assez vécu peut-être pour la nature; mais pour la patrie à coup sûr pas assez, cf. Arch. 22; Dom. 22; Nat. 3, 92; Tusc. 1, 85 II à la fois dans l'obj. et la réponse: at multi ita sunt, imbecilli senes ut... ; at id quidem non proprium senectutis vitium est, Cic. CM. 35: mais, dira-t-on, il y a des vieillards si faibles que...; mais ce n'est point là un défaut propre à la vieillesse, cf. Font. 21; Fin. 2, 88 ; CM. 68, etc. II objection le plus souvent ironique, at, credo: mais, sans doute: Verr. 4, 102 ; Dej. 16 ; Rab. 29, etc. II réponse à une interrog. oratoire: quo me miser conferam? in Capitoliumne? at fratris sanguine madet, GRACCH. d. Cic. de Or. 3, 214, où porter mes pas dans mon malheur? au Capitole? mais il est tout imprégné du sang de mon frère, cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 192; Cat. 1, 28; Mil. 15; Scaur. 45, etc.; Sall. C. 51, 22 [zapst]¶4 et pourtant: facinus indignum! epistulam tibi neminem reddidisse! at scito... Cic. Att. 2, 13, 1: l'indignité! que personne ne t'ait remis cette lettre! et pourtant sache que...; quæ C. Catonis illius qui consul fuit inpedimenta retinuit; at cujus hominis! clarissimi ac potentissimi, Cic. Verr. 4, 22: cette cité a retenu les bagages de C. Caton, de celui qui fut consul; et pourtant, quel homme c'était! des plus illustres, et des plus puissants; quis novit omnino? at quem virum, di boni! Cic. Br. 65: qui le [Caton] connaît seulement? et pourtant quel homme, grands dieux! cf. Ter. Phorm. 367; quid hoc levius? at quantus orator! Cic. Tusc. 5, 103: quelle plus grande marque de faiblesse? et pourtant quel éminent orateur! cf. Verr. 3, 20; Mil. 45; 102, etc. [zapst]¶5 [marque insistance, enchérissement]: et (et qui plus est): fac ita ut jussi - faciam - at diligenter - flet - at mature - fiet, Ter. Eun. 207: fais ce que je t'ai dit - je le ferai - et consciencieusement - ce sera fait - et promptement - ce sera fait; quid? a Tyndaritanis non simulacrum Mercurii sustulisti? at quemadmodum, dii immortales! quam audacter! Cic. Verr. 4, 84: quoi? n'as-tu pas enlevé aux habitants de Tyndaris une statue de Mercure? et comment, grands dieux! avec quelle audace! at quam ob causam! Cic. Verr. 5, 141: et pourquoi? at illa quanti sunt... ! Cic. CM 49, et puis (et, qui plus est) cet autre avantage, quel prix n'a-t-il pas... ? at vero quanta maris est pulchritudo! Cic Nat. 2, 100: et puis, quelle n'est pas la beauté de la mer! cf. Verr. 2, 160 ; Cæl. 57, etc. [zapst]¶6 brusque appel à la réflexion, à l'attention: at vide, Fam. 7, 24, 2: cependant, vois; at videte, Cic. Verr. 4, 151; Phil. 2, 77, etc.: mais voyez (considérez) II [réserve, limitation, sous forme interrogative] mais, attention ! prætor appellatur; at quis appellat? Cic. Verr. 4, 116: on en appelle au préteur; mais qui en appelle? ex tota provincia homines nobilissimi venerunt... ; at quem ad modem venerunt? Cic. Verr. 2, 11: de la province entière les hommes les plus notables sont venus..., mais dans quelles conditions sont-ils venus? cf. Phil. 5, 24. [zapst]¶7 [restriction] mais à défaut, mais alors, mais du moins: Thaïs te orabat, ut cras redires; - rus eo; - fac amabo; - non possum, inquam; - at tu apud nos hic mane, dum redeat ipsa, Ter. Eun. 534: Thaïs te priait de revenir demain; - je vais à la campagne; - de grâce, fais en sorte; - impossible, te dis-je; - mais alors, attends ici son retour près de nous; quid ergo? audacissimus ego ex omnibus? minime; at tanto officiosior quam ceteri? Cic. Amer. 2: quoi donc ? je suis le plus audacieux de tous? pas le moins du monde; alors, je suis à ce point plus serviable que les autres? [zapst]¶8 [dans la mineure d'un syllogisme] or: non cadunt hæc in virum fortem; igitur ne ægritudo quidem; at nemo sapiens nisi fortis; non cadet ergo in sapientem ægritudo, Cic. Tusc. 2, 14: ces sentiments ne sont pas connus de l'homme courageux; donc le chagrin non plus; or pas de sage qui ne soit courageux; le chagrin donc ne sera pas connu du sage, cf. Inv. 1, 72 ; Nat. 3, 43 ; Div. 2, 50 ; Fat. 31; Tusc. 3, 15, etc. [zapst]¶9 [opposition très atténuée; mise en regard de deux personnages, de deux faits, de deux groupes de faits] cependant, d'autre part: Cic. Div. 1, 74 ; Att. 16, 5, 3, etc.; Caes. BC. 2, 7, 3; Nep. Ep. 2, 3; Them. 4, 1, etc. ; Tac. H. 1, 53, etc. [zapI]II [introduisant la prop. principale après une subordonnée, le plus souvent conditionnelle] du moins, par contre, en revanche: [zapst]¶1 quod rara vides magis esse animalia quædam, at regione locoque alio... Lucr. 2, 534: quant au fait que certaines espèces d'animaux t'apparaissent plus rares que d'autres, en revanche dans une région et un lieu différents...; quoniam tuum insanabile ingenium est, at tu tuo supplicio doce... Liv. 1, 28, 9: puisque tu as une nature incurable, enseigne du moins par ton supplice..., cf. Caes. BG. 7, 2, 2 II quamquam ego vinum bibo, at... Plaut. Pers. 170: j'ai beau boire du vin, cependant... [quamvis... at Virg. G. 4, 208] [zapst]¶2 si ego hic peribo, at erit mi hoc factum mortuo memorabile, Plaut. Capt. 684: si moi je perds la vie ici, du moins en mourant aurai-je accompli une action digne de mémoire, cf. Bacch. 366, etc. ; Ter. Eun. 866, etc. ; Cic. Prov. 14 ; Phil. 2, 114 ; Liv. 1, 41, 3, etc. II plus souvent conditionnelle négative: Cic. Mil. 93, etc. ; Caes. BG. 1, 43, 9, etc. ; liceat hæc nobis, si oblivisci non possumus, at tacere, Cic. Flacc. 61: ces événements, si je ne puis les oublier, qu'il me soit permis du moins de les taire; si tibi fortuna non dedit ut..., at natura certe dedit ut... Cic. Amer. 46: si la fortune ne t'a pas donné de..., du moins la nature t'a-t-elle donné de..., cf. Rep. 3, 7, etc. ; Caes. BG. 5, 29, 7 II si non (si minus)... at tamen, Cic. Planc. 35 ; Font. 37 ; Br. 15 ; Phil. 2, 78, etc.: sinon... du moins (cependant).
* * *
at, conj. [st2]1 [-] mais, cependant, toutefois, pourtant. - mais, au contraire, par contre, en revanche. [st2]2 [-] d'autre part, de (son, notre...) côté, quant à. [st2]3 [-] quoi? comment? [st2]4 [-] or (dans un raisonnement). [st2]5 [-] mais... donc (avec un impératif). [ABCR]I [conjonction, qui marque, comme liaison logique, l'opposition] mais, mais au contraire [zapst]¶1 elle met en regard ou oppose des personnages, des idées: tibi ita hoc videtur, at ego... Ter. Andr. 563: c'est ton avis, mais moi... ; at ego, Plaut. Amph. 436 ; Rud. 635, etc.: moi, de mon côté; Remus... ; at Romulus... Enn. An. 80: Rémus... ; de son côté, Romulus... ; Titurius trepidare... ; at Cotta: Caes. BG. 5, 33, 2: Titurius de s'agiter...; Cotta, par contre; Græci... ; at Cimbri, Cic. Tusc. 2, 6, 5: les Grecs... ; les Cimbres, au contraire; majores nostri Tusculanos, Hernicos in civitatem etiam receperunt; at Karthaginem funditus sustulerunt, Cic. Off. 1, 35: nos ancêtres allèrent jusqu'à donner le droit de cité aux habitants de Tusculum, aux Herniques ; par contre, ils détruisirent Carthage de fond en comble, cf. Off. 1, 97 ; 1, 113 ; Tusc. 1, 105 ; Nat. 1, 24, etc. II at non: mais non pas: Cic. Tull. 20; Clu. 74; Or. 151; Tusc. 2, 61; Nat. 1, 81; Div. 2, 133, etc. II at contra, Cic. Pis. 95; Quinct. 75; Amer. 131; Verr. 5, 66; Fin. 1, 56; Tusc. 1, 5: mais, par contre; ou at... e contrario, Cic. Com. 47; Nep. Eum. 1, 5 [zapst]¶2 at détachant la personne est surtout fréquent dans les imprécations: at te di perduint! Plaut. Merc. 793: toi, que les dieux te confondent, cf. Most. 38, Pseud. 836, etc. ; Ter. Eun. 431, etc. ; at tibi di dignum factis exitium duint, Ter. Andr. 666: à toi, que les dieux te donnent la fin que mérite ta conduite! at vobis male sit, Catul. 3. 13: quant à vous, soyez maudites; at tibi pro scelere... Virg. En. 2, 535: à toi! que pour prix de ton crime [les dieux te donnent la récompense que tu mérites!] II dans les vœux, les prières, etc.: Plaut. Mil. 231 ; Men. 1021, etc. ; at tu concede mihi... Cic. Att. 12, 31, 2: de ton côté, toi, accorde-moi...; at vos, o Superi... Virg. En. 8, 572: et vous, ô dieux d'en haut [ayez pitié...]; at tu, nauta... Hor. O. 1, 28, 23: mais toi, nocher... II dans le dialogue, surtout sous la forme at ille, lui, de son côté: quem (Sex. Pompeium) cum Scato salutasset, "quem te appellem" inquit; at ille "voluntate hospitem, necessitate hostem": Cic. Phil. 12, 27, Scaton l'ayant salué, "comment faut-il que je t'appelle?" lui dit-il; l'autre repartit "ton hôte par les sentiments, ton ennemi par la nécessité", cf. Tusc. 2, 61; Div. 2, 133, etc. ; at vero ille sapiens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 117: tandis que l'autre, le sage, cf. Cæc. 56 ; Sest. 139 ; Cat. 1, 4, 10, etc. [zapst]¶3 objection d'un adversaire, réelle ou fictive: at, inquis, inquies: mais, dis-tu, diras-tu: Cic. Att. 15, 4, 3 ; 7, 9, 3; at, inquit Cic. Pis. 74 ; Planc. 33, etc., mais... dit-il; at memoria minuitur, Cic. CM 21: mais, dit-on, la mémoire diminue; "at in Italia fuit"; fateor, Cic. Verr. 5, 5: "mais elle [la guerre] a été en Italie"; je le reconnais, cf. Rabir. 31; Phil. 1, 21, etc. ; at enim: mais diras-tu, mais dira-t-on: Cic. Mur. 78 ; Off. 3, 105; Sull. 56, etc. II réponse à l'objection: "male judicavit populus", at judicavit, Cic. Planc. 11: "le peuple a mal jugé"; mais il a jugé, cf. Phil. 2, 12; Att. 7, 11, 3; Amer. 41, etc. II [réponse à une sorte d'objection] oui (soit), mais: huic infesta mater, at mater, Cic. Clu. 42: sa mère lui était hostile; mais c'était sa mère; parens tuus Catilinæ fuit advocatus, improbo homini, at supplici, Cic. Sull. 81: ton père a assisté Catilina, un homme pervers, mais suppliant; non honestum consilium, at utile, Cic. Off. 3, 97: dessein peu honorable, mais utile, cf. Verr. 3, 41; Planc. 67; Dom. 77; Or. 104; Br. 238; satis, si ita vis, naturæ fortasse (vixisti), at patriæ serte parum, Cic. Marc. 25: oui, si tu veux, tu as assez vécu peut-être pour la nature; mais pour la patrie à coup sûr pas assez, cf. Arch. 22; Dom. 22; Nat. 3, 92; Tusc. 1, 85 II à la fois dans l'obj. et la réponse: at multi ita sunt, imbecilli senes ut... ; at id quidem non proprium senectutis vitium est, Cic. CM. 35: mais, dira-t-on, il y a des vieillards si faibles que...; mais ce n'est point là un défaut propre à la vieillesse, cf. Font. 21; Fin. 2, 88 ; CM. 68, etc. II objection le plus souvent ironique, at, credo: mais, sans doute: Verr. 4, 102 ; Dej. 16 ; Rab. 29, etc. II réponse à une interrog. oratoire: quo me miser conferam? in Capitoliumne? at fratris sanguine madet, GRACCH. d. Cic. de Or. 3, 214, où porter mes pas dans mon malheur? au Capitole? mais il est tout imprégné du sang de mon frère, cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 192; Cat. 1, 28; Mil. 15; Scaur. 45, etc.; Sall. C. 51, 22 [zapst]¶4 et pourtant: facinus indignum! epistulam tibi neminem reddidisse! at scito... Cic. Att. 2, 13, 1: l'indignité! que personne ne t'ait remis cette lettre! et pourtant sache que...; quæ C. Catonis illius qui consul fuit inpedimenta retinuit; at cujus hominis! clarissimi ac potentissimi, Cic. Verr. 4, 22: cette cité a retenu les bagages de C. Caton, de celui qui fut consul; et pourtant, quel homme c'était! des plus illustres, et des plus puissants; quis novit omnino? at quem virum, di boni! Cic. Br. 65: qui le [Caton] connaît seulement? et pourtant quel homme, grands dieux! cf. Ter. Phorm. 367; quid hoc levius? at quantus orator! Cic. Tusc. 5, 103: quelle plus grande marque de faiblesse? et pourtant quel éminent orateur! cf. Verr. 3, 20; Mil. 45; 102, etc. [zapst]¶5 [marque insistance, enchérissement]: et (et qui plus est): fac ita ut jussi - faciam - at diligenter - flet - at mature - fiet, Ter. Eun. 207: fais ce que je t'ai dit - je le ferai - et consciencieusement - ce sera fait - et promptement - ce sera fait; quid? a Tyndaritanis non simulacrum Mercurii sustulisti? at quemadmodum, dii immortales! quam audacter! Cic. Verr. 4, 84: quoi? n'as-tu pas enlevé aux habitants de Tyndaris une statue de Mercure? et comment, grands dieux! avec quelle audace! at quam ob causam! Cic. Verr. 5, 141: et pourquoi? at illa quanti sunt... ! Cic. CM 49, et puis (et, qui plus est) cet autre avantage, quel prix n'a-t-il pas... ? at vero quanta maris est pulchritudo! Cic Nat. 2, 100: et puis, quelle n'est pas la beauté de la mer! cf. Verr. 2, 160 ; Cæl. 57, etc. [zapst]¶6 brusque appel à la réflexion, à l'attention: at vide, Fam. 7, 24, 2: cependant, vois; at videte, Cic. Verr. 4, 151; Phil. 2, 77, etc.: mais voyez (considérez) II [réserve, limitation, sous forme interrogative] mais, attention ! prætor appellatur; at quis appellat? Cic. Verr. 4, 116: on en appelle au préteur; mais qui en appelle? ex tota provincia homines nobilissimi venerunt... ; at quem ad modem venerunt? Cic. Verr. 2, 11: de la province entière les hommes les plus notables sont venus..., mais dans quelles conditions sont-ils venus? cf. Phil. 5, 24. [zapst]¶7 [restriction] mais à défaut, mais alors, mais du moins: Thaïs te orabat, ut cras redires; - rus eo; - fac amabo; - non possum, inquam; - at tu apud nos hic mane, dum redeat ipsa, Ter. Eun. 534: Thaïs te priait de revenir demain; - je vais à la campagne; - de grâce, fais en sorte; - impossible, te dis-je; - mais alors, attends ici son retour près de nous; quid ergo? audacissimus ego ex omnibus? minime; at tanto officiosior quam ceteri? Cic. Amer. 2: quoi donc ? je suis le plus audacieux de tous? pas le moins du monde; alors, je suis à ce point plus serviable que les autres? [zapst]¶8 [dans la mineure d'un syllogisme] or: non cadunt hæc in virum fortem; igitur ne ægritudo quidem; at nemo sapiens nisi fortis; non cadet ergo in sapientem ægritudo, Cic. Tusc. 2, 14: ces sentiments ne sont pas connus de l'homme courageux; donc le chagrin non plus; or pas de sage qui ne soit courageux; le chagrin donc ne sera pas connu du sage, cf. Inv. 1, 72 ; Nat. 3, 43 ; Div. 2, 50 ; Fat. 31; Tusc. 3, 15, etc. [zapst]¶9 [opposition très atténuée; mise en regard de deux personnages, de deux faits, de deux groupes de faits] cependant, d'autre part: Cic. Div. 1, 74 ; Att. 16, 5, 3, etc.; Caes. BC. 2, 7, 3; Nep. Ep. 2, 3; Them. 4, 1, etc. ; Tac. H. 1, 53, etc. [zapI]II [introduisant la prop. principale après une subordonnée, le plus souvent conditionnelle] du moins, par contre, en revanche: [zapst]¶1 quod rara vides magis esse animalia quædam, at regione locoque alio... Lucr. 2, 534: quant au fait que certaines espèces d'animaux t'apparaissent plus rares que d'autres, en revanche dans une région et un lieu différents...; quoniam tuum insanabile ingenium est, at tu tuo supplicio doce... Liv. 1, 28, 9: puisque tu as une nature incurable, enseigne du moins par ton supplice..., cf. Caes. BG. 7, 2, 2 II quamquam ego vinum bibo, at... Plaut. Pers. 170: j'ai beau boire du vin, cependant... [quamvis... at Virg. G. 4, 208] [zapst]¶2 si ego hic peribo, at erit mi hoc factum mortuo memorabile, Plaut. Capt. 684: si moi je perds la vie ici, du moins en mourant aurai-je accompli une action digne de mémoire, cf. Bacch. 366, etc. ; Ter. Eun. 866, etc. ; Cic. Prov. 14 ; Phil. 2, 114 ; Liv. 1, 41, 3, etc. II plus souvent conditionnelle négative: Cic. Mil. 93, etc. ; Caes. BG. 1, 43, 9, etc. ; liceat hæc nobis, si oblivisci non possumus, at tacere, Cic. Flacc. 61: ces événements, si je ne puis les oublier, qu'il me soit permis du moins de les taire; si tibi fortuna non dedit ut..., at natura certe dedit ut... Cic. Amer. 46: si la fortune ne t'a pas donné de..., du moins la nature t'a-t-elle donné de..., cf. Rep. 3, 7, etc. ; Caes. BG. 5, 29, 7 II si non (si minus)... at tamen, Cic. Planc. 35 ; Font. 37 ; Br. 15 ; Phil. 2, 78, etc.: sinon... du moins (cependant).
* * *

    At, Coniunctio discretiua. Terent. At mihi vnus scrupulus etiam restat, qui me male habet. Mais.

\

    At, principium increpationi aptum. Terent. At tibi di dignum factis exitium diunt. Or je prie.

\

    Parum successit quod ago, at facio sedulo. Terent. Ja soit que la chose que je fay ne vienne à effect, si la fay je neantmoins: ou, toutesfois si la fay je soigneusement et en diligence.

\

    At videte hominis impudentiam. Ci. Mais je vous prie voyez, etc.

\

    At, Quum simpliciter interrogamus. Ci. At per deos immortales quid est, etc. Mais je vous demande qu'est ce, etc.

\

    At, Quum quid obiicimus, statimque obiectioni respondemus. Cic. At mores commodi. quis contumacior? Voire mais vous me direz, C'est un homme debonnaire.

\

    At, pro saltem. Cato, Si non eodem die, at postridie. Au moins.

\

    At certe. Cic. Mais certes.

\

    At enim. Plaut. Mais.

\

    At etiam, Indignantis. Terent. Exi foras sceleste: at etiam restitas? Cic. Comment t'arrestes tu?

\

    At iam. Plaut. Mais. \ At ita. Terent. Mais tellement.

\

    At Hercule. Plin. Mais pour vray.

\

    At nunc. Terent. Ores maintenant.

\

    Ast postquam. Terent. Mais depuis que.

\

    At tamen, duae dictiones, vel Attamen vnica dictio. Plaut. Neantmoins, Toutesfois.

\

    At vt. Terent. At vt omne reddat. Mais aussi prenez garde qu'il rende tout.

\

    Atat, Interiectio ex improuiso aliquid deprehendentis. Plaut. Ha ha.

\

    Atat, Interiectio paulatim percepti atque intellecti mali. Terent. Hon hon.

\

    Atat, Interiectio formidantis. Terent. Ahi.

Dictionarium latinogallicum > at

127 contendo

con-tendo, tendī, tentum, ere, anspannen, I) eig.: a) übh.: muscipula, aufstellen, Lucil. fr.: tenacia vincla, Verg.: arcum, spannen, Verg. u.a.: ballistas lapidum et reliqua tormenta telorum c. atque adducere vehementer, Cic. – c. oculos, Comic. inc. fr.: sua perpetuo c. ilia risu, ausdehnen, Ov.: u. so membrum in diversa (nach verschiedenen Richtungen hin), Cels. – b) prägn.: α) ein Saiten-instrument anspannend stimmen, ut in fidibus plurimis si nulla earum ita contenta nervis sit, ut concentum servare possit, omnes aeque incontentae sint, sic etc., Cic. de fin. 4, 75. – β) ein Geschoß mit straff angezogenem Bogen od. Arme auf den Gegner hinrichten, zielen, arcu contenta parato tela tenens, Verg.: contenta tela (Ggstz. languida), Lucan.: sagittas c. nervo, Sil.: nervo equino c. telum, Verg. – aërias telum (Pfeil) c. in auras, Verg.: Mago (auf M.) procul infensam c. hastam, Verg. – γ) eine Brücke schlagen, Hellesponto pontem in alto, Enn. ann. 371.

II) übtr.: A) im allg.: seine körperl. od. geistigen Kräfte od. sich anspannen, d.i. anstrengen 1) die Körperkräfte, a) übh.: α) tr.: c. summas vires de palma (um den (Siegespreis, v. Rosse), Lucr.: c. se (v. den Augen), Lucr. – β) intr. contendere = sich anstrengen, seine Kräfte aufbieten, gew. m. Abl. (mit), voce, Cels.: lateribus aut clamore, Cic.: multis funi-

————

bus, Caes.: vi, Gewalt anwenden, es (den Übergang) erzwingen, Caes.: u. m. allg. Acc., quantum coniti animo potes, quantum labore contendere, si discendi labor (eine körperliche Anstrengung) est potius, quam voluptas, tantum fac ut efficias, Cic. – mit folg. ut u. Konj., qui stadium currit, eniti et contendere debet quam maxime possit, ut vincat, Cic.: quantum potero voce contendam, ut populus hoc Romanus exaudiat, Cic.: remis contendit, ut eam partem insulae caperet, quā etc., Caes. – m. folg. Infin., fugā salutem petere contenderunt, Caes.: hunc (locum) duabus ex partibus oppugnare contendit, Caes.: vide ne, dum ad cacumen pervenire contendis, cum ipsis ramis, quos comprehenderis, decĭdas, Curt.

b) sich anstrengen, einen Weg, Marsch wohin auszuführen, m. allg. Acc. der Wegstrecke, nocte unā tantum itineris, Cic. Rosc. Am. 97: tandem, si operae est, contendite viam, macht euch auf den Weg, Symm. ep. 1, 8 in. – m. Acc. der Tätigkeit, rectā plateā c. cursum huc suom, Plaut. cist. 534. – m. Ang. des Ziels der Tätigkeit im Infin., sich beeilen, Bibracte ire contendit, Caes.: in Britanniam proficisci contendit, Caes.: proxima litora cursu contendunt petere, Verg.: iter a Vibone Brundisium terrā (zu L.) petere contendi, Cic. – m. Ang. des Ortszieles wohin? durch Advv., od. durch Praepp., od. durch bl. Acc. loc., wohin schleunigst aufbrechen, -reisen, -mar-

————

schieren, -rücken (vorrücken), wohin eilen, quo contenderat, pervenit, Nep.: u. (im Bilde) si potuissemus, quo contendimus, pervenire, Cic.: huc magno cursu contenderunt, Caes.: in Italiam magnis itineribus, Caes.: ad Rhenum finesque Germanorum, Caes.: inde ad Amanum, Cic.: ad hostes, ad hostium castra, Caes.: per Armeniam in hostes, Aur. Vict.: per fines Haeduorum in Lingones, Caes.: Lacedaemonem, Nep.: equo admisso Teanum, Val. Max.: Tarentum ad Heraclidem Ponticum, Varr. fr.: domum, Caes.

2) die Geisteskräfte usw. anstrengen, a) übh.: α) tr.: quo se contendit dira lubido, Lucr.: c. animum tales in curas, Ov. – m. in u. Abl., onus dignum, in quo omnes nervos aetatis industriaeque meae contenderem, Cic. – mit folg. ut od. ne u. Konj., contendit omnes nervos Chrysippus, ut persuadeat etc., Cic.: ut omnes tuos nervos in eo contendas, ne quid mihi ad hanc provinciam... temporis prorogetur, Cic. – β) intr. contendere, sich anstrengen, Anstrengungen machen, seine Kräfte aufbieten, etw. erstreben, auf etw. hinarbeiten, nach etw. ringen, absol., et illos quidem contendere, eniti; hos quiescere, remitti, Plin. ep.: c. dolis et fallaciis (Ggstz. verā viā niti), Sall. – m. allg. Acc., id sibi contendendum... existimabat, Caes.: quod plurimis locis perorationes nostrae voluisse nos atque animo contendisse declarant, Cic.: tantum contendere in re publica, quantum probare civi-

————

bus tuis possis, Cic.: eadem c. (gleiche Anstr. machen) in tribunatu, Cic. – m. folg. ut od. ne u. Konj., seine Kräfte aufbieten, dahin streben, darauf hinarbeiten, ob eam causam contendi, ut plura dicerem, Cic.: contende quaeso atque elabora, non modo ut... sed etiam ut etc., Cic.: cupidissime c., ut etc., Cic.: contendebat, ne a rebus gestis eius decederet, Iustin. – durch Infin., omnibus precibus petere contendit, ut etc., Caes. – m. ad u. Akk., losstreben auf usw., eifrig streben, -ringen nach usw., ad salutem, Caes.: ad victoriam, Auct. b. Hisp.: maximis laboribus et periculis ad summam laudem gloriamque, Cic.: ad ultimum animo, Cic.: ad ea rectis studiis, Cic.

b) sich anstrengen, etw. zu erlangen, auf etw. bestehen, auf etw. dringen, etwas dringend verlangen, dringend um etw. anliegen, α) absol.: a quo facile, si contenderis, impetrare possis, ut etc., Q. Cic.: cum illi pertinaciter contenderent (darauf bestanden), Suet. – β) mit Acc.: c. honores, Varr. fr.: neque ego nunc hoc contendo...; sed te illud admoneo, ut etc., Cic. – hoc a te ita contendo, ut in eo fortunas meas positas putem, ich dringe in dieser Beziehung so ernstlich in dich, weil ich glaube, daß usw., Cic.: non erat causa, cur hoc tempore aliquid a te contenderem, Cic.: nihil ab ipso invito contendere, Cic. – propter magnitudinem potestatis hic magistratus a populo summā ambitione contenditur etc., Cic. – γ) mit

————

de u. Abl.: ab alqo valde de reditu in gratiam, Cic.: a magistris de proferendo die, Cic.: unum instare de indutiis vehementissimeque contendere, Caes. – δ) m. folg. ut od. ne u. Konj., m. vorhergeh. allg. Acc. Pron. u. ohne diesen: non minus se id contendere et laborare, ne ea, quae dixissent, enuntiarentur, quam uti ea, quae vellent, impetrarent, Caes.: contendunt, ut ipsis summa imperii tradatur, Caes.: gratiā contendimus et rogando, ut istis te molestiis laxes, Luccei. in Cic. ep.: contendit a Pythio ut venderet, dringt in P., Cic.: vehementer ab alqo c., ut etc., Cic.: plurimis verbis ab alqo c., ut etc., Cic.: omni studio ab aliquo c., ut etc., Cic.: ab alqo petere et summe c., ut etc., Cic.: omni opere c., ut etc., Suet.: a militibus c., ne etc., Caes.: magno opere, ne etc., Suet. – ε) mit folg. Infin. nach vorhergeh. allg. Acc. Pron.: neque ego nunc hoc contendo, quod fortasse... iam in nostra aetate difficile est, mutare animum, sed etc., Cic. ad Q. fr. 1, 1, 13. § 38. – ζ) m. folg. Acc. u. Infin.: qui a Caesare dimittendos (esse) exercitus contendebant, Vell. 2, 48, 1.

c) sich anstrengen, eine Behauptung durchzusetzen, auf etw. bestehen, etw. fest behaupten, fest versichern, fest erklären, m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., bei vorhergeh. allg. Acc. u. ohne diesen, sic ego hoc contendo, me tibi ipsi adversario cuiuscumque tribus rationem poposceris redditurum, Cic.: vociferarer et

————

quantum maxime possem contenderem... totius testimonii fictam audaciam manifesto comprehensam atque oppressam esse, Cic.: contendentes numquam eam urbem fuisse ex Triphylia, Liv.: cum M. Cato moriendum ante, quam ullam condicionem civis accipiendam rei publicae contenderet, Vell.: ausim contendere nullum te melius, aeque bene vix unum aut alterum collocasse, Plin. ep. – m. apud u. Akk., apud eos contendit falsa esse delata, Nep. Them. 7, 2. – m. pro u. Abl., illud alterum pro me maioribusque meis contendere ausim, nihil nos, quod incommodum plebi esset, scientes fecisse, Liv. 6, 40, 5. – in der Parenthese ganz absol., ut Asclepiades contendit, Cels. 1. praef. p. 3, 28 D.

3) (als v. intr.) sich ausdehnen, sich erstrecken, von Ortl. usw., haec patulum vallis contendit in orbem, Calp. ecl. 7, 30 (al. concedit): Cappadocum gens usque ad Cyrresticam eius regionem parte suā, quae vocatur Cataonia, contendit, Plin. 6, 24.

B) insbes., einem andern gegenüber sich anstrengen, 1) intr. od. mit allg. Acc. = als Gegner sich jmdm. gegenüber anstrengen obzusiegen, mit jmd. sich messen, sich in einen Streit (Wettstreit) einlassen, anbinden, streiten (sich herumstreiten), kämpfen, gegen jmd. od. etw. ankämpfen, bei Ang. womit? mit Abl.; bei Ang. mit wem? m. cum u. Abl., od. m. inter u. Akk., od. poet. m. bl. Dat.; bei Ang.

————

gegen wen? mit contra od. adversus u. Akk.; bei Ang. wofür? m. pro u. Abl.; bei Ang. worüber? m. de u. Abl.; bei Ang. weswegen? m. propter u. Akk., a) v. eig. Kampfe, inimicā mente, Nep.: magis virtute quam dolo, Caes.: proelio, Caes. – cum barbaro, Nep.: cum victore, Hor. u. Caes., v. Gladiator, Plin. ep.: proelio uno cum Latino Volscoque, Liv.: parvulis proeliis cum nostris, Caes.: semel atque iterum armis cum alqo, Caes.: summis copiis cum alqo, Caes.: cum magnis legionibus parvā manu, Sall.: cum Sequanis bello, Caes.: u. (unpers.) proelio equestri inter duas acies contendebatur, Caes. – c. contra alcis copias, Auct. b. Afr.: contra Paridem, Verg.: contra populum Rom. armis, Caes.: contra saevum monstrum, Catull. – se didicisse adversus vires hostium, non adversus calamitates contendere, Iustin. – c. pro vitulis contra leones (v. Stieren), Cic. – c. de regno aequo Marte, Curt. – b) v. Wettkampfe im Ringen, Laufen usw., quoad stans complecti posset atque contendere, Nep. – inter coaequales c. aut equo aut cursu aut viribus, Iustin. – c. rapido cursu, Verg.: cum alqo c. pedibus, Ov. – poet. m. Dat. (s. Passerat. Prop. 1, 7, 3), quid enim contendat hirundo cygnis? Lucr.: c. Homero, Prop.: c. Latio, Claud. – c) v. polit. Wettkampf, Kampf, c. cum alqo od. inter se de principatu, Nep. u. Caes.: cum alqo de honore regni, Nep.: de potentatu inter se multos annos, Caes.: gratiā cum libenter pro

————

homine sibi coniunctissimo, tum acriter contra factionem et potentiam paucorum, Hirt. b. G. – d) v. Kampfe mit Worten usw., sich messen, sich streiten, sich herumstreiten, rechten, es durchzusetzen suchen, cum Libone de mittendis legatis contendisse, Caes.: quodsi duriorem te eius miserae et afflictae fortunae praebes, non contendam ego adversus te, Anton. in Cic. ep.: m. allg. Acc. zur Ang. worüber? nec cum Appio, transactā re, quod contenderent (worüber sie Streit anfangen konnten) fuit, Liv. – bes. gerichtlich, c. inimicissime atque infestissime, Cic.: vulgari et pervagatā declamatione, Cic.: u. (unpers.) si contra verbis et litteris et, ut dici solet, summo iure contenditur, Cic. – c. cum alqo iurgio, Cic.: cum alqo interdicto, Cic.: cum alqo sacramento, s. sacramentum. – translatio non habet quaestionem, de qua contendit orator, sed propter quam contendit, Quint. – c. de bonis alcis, Val. Max.: u. (unpers.) de his lite contenditur, Quint. – cum improbissimis heredibus de paternis bonis c. apud centum viros, Val. Max. – m. allg. Acc. zur Ang. worin? tamenne vereris, ut possis haec contra Hortensium contendere? dich auch darin mit H. messen? Cic. Quinct. 78. – e) v. Wetteifer im Bieten, wetteifern, um die Wette bieten, is liceri non destitit; illi, quoad videbatur ferri aliquo modo posse, contenderunt, Cic. Verr. 3, 99. – f) von jedem Sich- Messen mit phys. od. geistigen Kräften, neque inter

————

se contendant viribus (animae), Lucr.: c. contra vim gravitatemque morbi, Cic.: patĕre igitur rationem meam cum tua ratione contendere (sich messen), Cic.: quis enim erat qui non videret humilitatem cum dignitate et amplitudine contendere? Cic. – m. allg. Acc., sic enim est faciendum, ut contra universam naturam nihil contendamus, in keiner Sache ankämpfen, Cic.

2) zwei Dinge miteinander od. eine Sache mit einer andern zur Vergleichung sich messen lassen, vergleichen, ipsas causas, quae inter se confligunt, Cic.: leges, Cic.: vetera et praesentia, Tac. – m. cum u. Abl., quicquid tu contra dixeris, id cum defensione nostra contendito; ita facillime causa Sex. Roscii cum tua conferetur, Cic.: vitam suam Atticam cum istac rusticana, Caecil. com. fr.: annales nostros cum scriptura eorum, qui etc., Tac. – mit ad (an, gegen) u. Akk., vim suam ad maiestatem viri, Acc. tr. 648. – poet. m. bl. Dat. (wem? = mit), Aquinatem fucum Sidonio ostro, Hor.: se Frontoni, Auson.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > contendo

128 rogo

rŏgo, āvi, ātum, 1 ( inf. paragog. rogarier, Cic. Caecin. 33, 95:
rogassint, for rogaverint,
id. Leg. 3, 3, 9), v. a. [etym. dub.; perh. for progo; kindr. with Sanscr. prac, to ask, whence also precor and procus, but referred by Corss. to the same root with Sanscr. rgus, straight; Gr. oregô; Lat. rego, rex, rogus, Krit. Beit. p. 93], to ask, question, interrogate one about a thing.
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen. (so generally throughout ante-class. Lat.; less. freq. in Cic.; syn.: percontor, sciscitor, quaero), constr. aliquem aliquid, or simply aliquem, aliquid, with de, a rel.-clause, or absol. (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 393). ( a) Aliquem aliquid (class. only with acc. of neutr. pron. or adj., or with sententiam; v. infra, B. 1.):
aliud te rogo,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 70:
haud istuc te rogo,
id. Ep. 1, 1, 49:
quin tu id me rogas,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 24:
hoc te rogo, quos locos adisti?
id. Trin. 4, 2, 85; cf.:
rogare hoc unum te volo,
id. Merc. 3, 1, 17:
dic mihi hoc, quod te rogo,
id. Men. 5, 5, 16; id. Most. 3, 1, 130; id. Ps. 1, 3, 106; 1, 5, 64 et saep.; Ter. And. 4, 4, 12 sq.:
ego patriam te rogo, quae sit tua,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 83; cf.:
hanc (colubram) alia cum rogaret causam facinoris, Respondit, etc.,
Phaedr. 4, 17, 5. —
(β).
Aliquem or aliquid:
quos rogo,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 1, 6:
quem ego igitur rogem?
Ter. And. 4, 4, 10:
ecquem hominem tu novisti? te rogo,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 15; men' or me rogas? also, rogas me? in colloq. lang., do you ask that of me? how can you ask? what do you mean by asking that? Eu. Quid ego facerem? Ch. Quid tu faceres? men' rogas? requireres, Rogitares, etc., id. Merc. 3, 4, 48; Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 11; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 5; 4, 5, 32; id. Ad. 1, 2, 2; 4, 5, 31 al.; cf.:
quid me istud rogas? inquam: Stoicos roga,
Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 83:
hoc quod rogo responde,
Plaut. As. 3, 2, 32; id. Curc. 2, 1, 30; 5, 3, 30; id. Ps. 4, 2, 12 al.; Ter. And. 4, 4, 23; Suet. Caes. 82.—
(γ).
With de:
jam de istoc rogare omitte,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 90; so,
de istac virgine,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 53:
de te ipso,
Cic. Vatin. 4, 10.—
(δ).
With interrog.-clause:
rogant me servi, quo eam?
Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 83: roga ipsum, quemadmodum ego eum Arimini acceperim, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 383, 8:
quodsi me populus Romanus forte roget, cur Non, etc.,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 70:
quae sit, rogo,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 97:
rogo, num quid velit,
id. Eun. 2, 3, 50:
rogavi pervenissetne Agrigentum?
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 27:
unde venis? et Quo tendis? rogat et respondet,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 63:
quid verum atque decens curo et rogo,
id. Ep. 1, 1, 11. —
(ε).
Absol.:
prius respondes quam rogo,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 119:
roganti respondebo,
id. ib. 3, 1, 17:
non edepol nunc, ubi terrarum, sim, scio, si quis roget,
id. Am. 1, 1, 180:
quin tu ergo rogas?
id. As. 1, 1, 15: Ty. Quid ego deliqui? He. Rogas? id. Capt. 3, 5, 2; so id. Rud. 3, 6, 22; id. Cas. 2, 3, 35; id. Bacch. 2, 2, 28; 38 al.; Ter. And. 1, 1, 136; 1, 2, 13; 1, 5, 32 al.; cf. Cic. Mil. 22, 59: etiam rogas? [p. 1599] do you dare to ask? Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 21; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 97; id. Merc. 1, 2, 92; Ter. And. 4, 4, 23 (v. etiam). — Particularly as subst.:
numquam nobis ad rogatum respondent,
Cic. Fl. 4, 10. —
B.
In partic. (class. in all per.).
1.
Publicists' t. t.
a.
Rogare aliquem (sententiam), to ask one for his opinion or vote:
Racilius Marcellinum primum rogavit. Is sententiam dixit, ut, etc.... Postea Racilius de privatis me primum sententiam rogavit,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 2:
quos priores sententiam rogabat,
id. Rep. 2, 20, 35. — Pass.:
cum omnes ante me rogati gratias Caesari egissent, ego rogatus mutavi meum consilium,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 4:
scito primum me non esse rogatum sententiam,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:
primus rogatus sententiam,
Sall. C. 50, 4:
is enim primus rogatus sententiam,
Liv. 37, 14; Quint. 6, 3, 97 al.:
propter ipsam rem, de quā sententiae rogantur, consultabitur,
id. 3, 8, 18. —
b.
Rogare populum or legem, or absol., prop., to ask the people about a law; hence, in gen., to bring the plan of a law before the people for their approval; to propose a law, introduce a bill:
in aes incidi jubebitis credo illa legitima: consules populum jure rogaverunt populusque jure scivit,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 26; cf.: T. Quinctius Crispinus consul populum jure rogavit populusque jure scivit in foro pro rostris... quicumque post hanc legem rogatam rivos, specus, etc., an old legal formula ap. Front. Aquaed. 129:
plebem,
Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9:
legem,
id. Rep. 3, 10, 17; id. Phil. 2, 29, 72; cf.:
quae (leges) non in perpetuum rogentur,
Quint. 2, 4, 40. — Absol.:
ego hanc legem, uti rogas, jubendam censeo,
Liv. 10, 8 fin.; Quint. 2, 4, 35. — Impers. pass.:
nunc rogari, ut populus consules creet,
Liv. 4, 2.—
c.
Rogare populum magistratum, and simply magistratum, to propose a magistrate to the people for their choice, to offer him for election:
factum senatus consultum, ut duo viros aediles ex patribus dictator populum rogaret,
Liv. 6, 42 fin.; cf.:
L. Trebonius tribunus plebis rogationem tulit, ut qui plebem Romanam tribunos plebi rogaret, is usque eo rogaret dum, etc.,
id. 3, 65, 4:
(Caesar) volet, ut consules roget praetor vel dictatorem dicat: quorum neutrum jus est,
Cic. Att. 9, 15, 2; cf.:
praetores, cum ita rogentur, ut collegae consulibus sint, etc.,
id. ib. 9, 9, 3:
hodieque in legibus magistratibusque rogandis usurpatur idem jus,
Liv. 1, 17:
comitia consulibus rogandis habuit,
Cic. Div. 1, 17, 33; Liv. 26, 22; 38, 42; cf. id. 23, 31; 22, 35:
Calpurnius Romam ad magistratus rogandos proficiscitur,
Sall. J. 29, 6.— Absol.:
mortuo rege Pompilio Tullum Hostilium populus regem, interrege rogante, comitiis curiatis creavit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 17, 31.—
2.
Milit. t. t.: rogare milites sacramento, qs. to ask the soldiers if they will take and keep an oath, i. e. to bind them by an oath, administer an oath to them, Caes. B. G. 6, 1; Liv. 32, 26; 35, 2 fin.; 40, 26; cf. Quint. 12, 2, 26. —
3.
Jurid. t. t., to ask a person if he will promise something in making an agreement; to propose a stipulation:
quod fere novissimā parte pactorum ita solet inseri: rogavit Titius, spopondit Maevius, haec verba non tantum pactionis loco accipiuntur sed etiam stipulationis,
Dig. 1, 14, 7, § 12; Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 114; 4, 6, 8; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 37.
II.
Transf., to ask, beg, request, solicit one for a thing (so predominantly in the class. per.; syn.: posco, oro, obsecro, ambio, capto); constr. aliquem (rarely ab aliquo) aliquid, aliquem, aliquid, with ut, ne, or absol.
(α).
With acc.:
quā confidentiā rogare argentum me tantum audes, Impudens? Quin si egomet totus veneam, vix recipi potis est, Quod tu me rogas,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 1, 40:
hoc te vehementer etiam atque etiam rogo,
Cic. Fam. 13, 43 fin.:
nefas sit tale aliquid et facere rogatum et rogare... Haec igitur lex in amicitiā sanciatur, ut neque rogemus res turpes nec faciamus rogati,
id. Lael. 11, 39 sq.: otium divos rogat, Hor. c. 2, 16, 1; cf.:
divitias deos,
Mart. 4, 77, 1:
a Metello missionem,
Sall. J. 64, 1:
ut ab avunculo rogetur Aethiops,
Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63:
rogo te, vos, etc., parenthet.: rogo te, videte, quibus hominibus negotium detis, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 10, 26:
rogo vos, quis potest sine offulā vivere?
Suet. Claud. 40:
illae Priami rogantis Achillem preces,
Quint. 10, 1, 50: taurum de aquā per fundum ejus ducenda rogabo, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, § 4:
ambiuntur, rogantur,
are asked for their votes, id. Rep. 1, 31, 47:
etiamsi precario essent rogandi,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59:
transisse Rhenum sese non suā sponte sed rogatum et arcessitum a Gallis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44; cf.:
ille ab Sardis rogatus ad causam accesserat,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 19, 63:
in proximum annum consulatum peteres, vel potius rogares... a quā (Galliā) nos tum, cum consulatus petebatur, non rogabatur, etc.,
was not begged for, id. Phil. 2, 30, 76:
abii ad praetorem, rogo syngraphum: Datur mihi,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 6:
aquam,
id. Rud. 2, 3, 2:
legatos ad Caesarem mittunt rogatum auxilium,
Caes. B. G. 1, 11; cf. id. ib. 7, 5:
aliquid ab aliquo (rare),
Auct. Her. 4, 50; Sall. J. 64, 1:
cultrum, securim, etc.... Quae utenda vasa semper vicini rogant,
ask for, borrow, Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 18; id. Mil. 2, 3, 76; Dig. 18, 6, 16.—
(β).
With ut or ne (so most freq.):
scitin' quid ego vos rogo? mihi ut praeconium detis,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 92; id. Stich. 1, 3, 93:
id ut facias, vehementer te rogo,
Cic. Fam. 13, 44:
etiam atque etiam te rogo atque oro, ut eum juves,
id. ib. 13, 66, 2:
rogat et orat Dolabellam, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 29, § 72:
cum rogat et prece cogit Scilicet ut, etc.,
Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 2; Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, C, 1; id. B. G. 1, 7:
videbatur rogare, scalas ut darem utendas sibi,
that I would lend, Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 10; Plin. Ep. 3, 10, 5; 4, 13, 11; 4, 28, 3.— With a simple final clause without ut:
Caesar consolatus rogat, finem orandi faciat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20; Quint. 6, 3, 88; 9, 3, 68; Ov. Ib. 643; and very freq. ap. Plin. Ep.; e. g. 1, 2, 1; 1, 5, 8; 1, 20, 24; 2, 5, 2; 3, 2, 6; 5, 19, 8; 7, 6, 11; 8, 17, 6.—With ne:
rogat frater, ne abeas longius,
Ter. Ad. 5, 5, 1:
ac te illud primum rogabo, ne quid invitus meā causā facias,
Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 2. —
(γ).
Absol.: neque enim ego sic rogabam, ut petere viderer, quia familiaris esset meus (Plancus), etc., did not solicit in such a way as to, etc., Cic. Planc. 10, 25 (differing from a):
in blandiendo, rogando lenis et summissa (vox),
Quint. 11, 3, 63:
patrem et filium pro vitā rogantes,
Suet. Aug. 13; cf.:
pro aliquo,
id. ib. 40; id. Vit. 12.—
b.
Esp., to invite, ask a visit from any one:
Tertia aderit, modo ne Publius rogatus sit,
Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1 fin.:
Pomponiam Terentia rogat,
id. Att. 2, 3, 3 fin. — With ad or in and acc.:
ad Palatium,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 48, 1:
in senatum,
id. Heliog. 4, 1:
ad convivium,
Just. 43, 3, 10:
ad nuptias,
Amm. 14, 6, 24:
in consilium,
Gell. 14, 2, 9.—
c.
Prov.:
malo emere quam rogare, of a thing that does not cost much,
I had rather buy than borrow it, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12; cf. supra, a and b. —
2.
In gen., to seek, bring, take:
aquam hinc de proximo rogabo,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 75:
hujus (purpurae) exemplum aliunde rogabo, tibi quod ostendam (cf.: exemplum quaeritent, etc., in context),
Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > rogo

Страницы

← Предыдущая

Следующая →

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

См. также в других словарях:

Quid pro quo — (Latin for something for something [Merriam Webster, the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Fourth Edition), and the New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (Third Edition) [http://www.bartleby.com/59/] all so define the Latin… … Wikipedia

quid pro quo — /ˌkwid ˌprō kwō/ n [New Latin, something for something]: something (as consideration) given or received for something else Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Merriam Webster. 1996. quid pro quo … Law dictionary

Quid pro quo — (lat.: dieses für das) ist ein Rechtsgrundsatz und ökonomisches Prinzip, nach dem jemand, der etwas gibt, dafür eine angemessene Gegenleistung erhalten soll. Eine deutsche Entsprechung wäre: „Wie du mir, so ich dir“. In der Spieltheorie bekannt… … Deutsch Wikipedia

quid pro quo — (lat.: dieses für das) ist ein Rechtsgrundsatz und ökonomisches Prinzip, nach dem jemand, der etwas gibt, dafür eine angemessene Gegenleistung erhalten soll. In der Spieltheorie bekannt unter dem Namen tit for tat, jedoch dort mit der Abwandlung … Deutsch Wikipedia

Quid pro quo — (latín: «algo por algo» o «algo a cambio de algo»;[1] en latín medieval, también quiproquo) es una expresión que originalmente se refería al error de confundir dos términos similares. La locución se refiere, literalmente, a la confusión producida … Wikipedia Español

quid pro quo — Loc. lat. (pron. [kuíd pro kuó]) que significa literalmente ‘algo a cambio de algo’. Se usa como locución nominal masculina con el sentido de ‘cosa que se recibe como compensación por la cesión de otra’: «La demanda interpuesta por la UE contra… … Diccionario panhispánico de dudas

quid pro quo — [ˌkwıd prəu ˈkwəu US prou ˈkwou] n plural quid pro quos [Date: 1500 1600; : Latin; Origin: something for something ] something that you give or do in exchange for something else, especially when this arrangement is not official quid pro quo for ▪ … Dictionary of contemporary English

quid pro quo — quid pro quos N COUNT A quid pro quo is a gift or advantage that is given to someone in return for something that they have done. [FORMAL] The statement is emphatic in stating that there must be a quid pro quo... They share a great deal of… … English dictionary

Quid Pro Quo — est une locution latine qui signifie quelque chose pour quelque chose ou quelque chose contre quelque chose, autrement dit un échange de bons procédés, du donnant donnant… L expression s emploie notamment en anglais moderne, dans le contexte… … Wikipédia en Français

quid pro quo — ► NOUN (pl. quid pro quos) ▪ a favour or advantage given in return for something. ORIGIN Latin, something for something … English terms dictionary

quid pro quo — [kwid΄ prō kwō′] n. [L, something for something] 1. one thing in return for another 2. something equivalent; substitute … English World dictionary

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с латинского на все языки

quid+pro+quo

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с латинского на все языки

quid+pro+quo

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: