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  • 1 Queen's College

    Общая лексика: Колледж королевы, Королевский колледж (Оксфордский университет; Великобритания)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Queen's College

  • 2 Queen's College

    English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Queen's College

  • 3 Queen's College

    ['kwiːnz,kɔlɪdʒ]
    Куи́нз-Ко́лледж, Ко́лле́дж короле́вы, Короле́вский ко́лле́дж (Оксфордского университета [ Oxford University]. Основан в 1340 в честь супруги короля Эдуарда III [Edward III] Филиппы [Philippa])

    English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Queen's College

  • 4 Queen's

    [kwiːnz]
    Куи́нз (то же, что Queen's College)

    English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Queen's

  • 5 QC

    1) Компьютерная техника: Quantum Computer
    2) Геология: Quick Core
    3) Спорт: Queen Of Clubs
    5) Техника: Quality Certified, Quay Crane, контроль качества (quality control), управление качеством, Н.контр. (в штампе)
    7) Железнодорожный термин: Canadian Pacific Railway
    8) Юридический термин: Qualifying Certificate, Quite Close
    9) Бухгалтерия: Quantity Comparison
    10) Телекоммуникации: Quality Conversation
    13) Электроника: Quad City, Quick Connect
    14) Канадский термин: Quebec, Quebec, Canada
    15) Транспорт: Quad Cab, Quiet Compact
    16) Фирменный знак: Quantum Computing, Queen's Club, Queens Club
    18) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: quality control department, проверка качества (quality check)
    20) Сетевые технологии: Quick Configure, Quiet Client
    21) Полимеры: quality control
    22) Сахалин Р: quality check
    23) Общественная организация: Quixote Center
    24) Должность: Quality Certificate, Quantum Chemistry
    25) Чат: Quit Caring
    26) Правительство: Quad Cities, Queen City, Queen Creek
    27) НАСА: Quality Cost, Quick Check
    28) Базы данных: Query Containment

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > QC

  • 6 qc

    1) Компьютерная техника: Quantum Computer
    2) Геология: Quick Core
    3) Спорт: Queen Of Clubs
    5) Техника: Quality Certified, Quay Crane, контроль качества (quality control), управление качеством, Н.контр. (в штампе)
    7) Железнодорожный термин: Canadian Pacific Railway
    8) Юридический термин: Qualifying Certificate, Quite Close
    9) Бухгалтерия: Quantity Comparison
    10) Телекоммуникации: Quality Conversation
    13) Электроника: Quad City, Quick Connect
    14) Канадский термин: Quebec, Quebec, Canada
    15) Транспорт: Quad Cab, Quiet Compact
    16) Фирменный знак: Quantum Computing, Queen's Club, Queens Club
    18) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: quality control department, проверка качества (quality check)
    20) Сетевые технологии: Quick Configure, Quiet Client
    21) Полимеры: quality control
    22) Сахалин Р: quality check
    23) Общественная организация: Quixote Center
    24) Должность: Quality Certificate, Quantum Chemistry
    25) Чат: Quit Caring
    26) Правительство: Quad Cities, Queen City, Queen Creek
    27) НАСА: Quality Cost, Quick Check
    28) Базы данных: Query Containment

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > qc

  • 7 Thomson, James

    [br]
    b. 16 February 1822 Belfast, Ireland (now Northern Ireland)
    d. 8 May 1892 Glasgow, Scotland
    [br]
    Irish civil engineer noted for his work in hydraulics and for his design of the "Vortex" turbine.
    [br]
    James Thomson was a pupil in several civil-engineering offices, but the nature of the work was beyond his physical capacity and from 1843 onwards he devoted himself to theoretical studies. Hhe first concentrated on the problems associated with the expansion of liquids when they reach their freezing point: water is one such example. He continued this work with his younger brother, Lord Kelvin (see Thomson, Sir William).
    After experimentation with a "feathered" paddle wheel as a young man, he turned his attention to water power. In 1850 he made his first patent application, "Hydraulic machinery and steam engines": this patent became his "Vortex" turbine design. He settled in Belfast, the home of the MacAdam-Fourneyron turbine, in 1851, and as a civil engineer became the Resident Engineer to the Belfast Water Commissioners in 1853. In 1857 he was appointed Professor of Civil Engineering and Surveying at Queen's College, Belfast.
    Whilst it is understood that he made his first turbine models in Belfast, he came to an arrangement with the Williamson Brothers of Kendal to make his turbine. In 1856 Williamsons produced their first turbine to Thomson's design and drawings. This was the Vortex Williamson Number 1, which produced 5 hp (3.7 kW) under a fall of 31 ft (9.4 m) on a 9 in. (23 cm) diameter supply. The rotor of this turbine ran in a horizontal plane. For several years the Williamson catalogue described their Vortex turbine as "designed by Professor James Thomson".
    Thomson continued with his study of hydraulics and water flow both at Queen's College, Belfast, and, later, at Glasgow University, where he became Professor in 1873, succeeding Macquorn Rankine, another famous engineer. At Glasgow, James Thomson studied the flow in rivers and the effects of erosion on river beds. He was also an authority on geological formations such as the development of the basalt structure of the Giant's Causeway, north of Belfast.
    James Thomson was an extremely active engineer and a very profound teacher of civil engineering. His form of water turbine had a long life before being displaced by the turbines designed in the twentieth century.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1850, British patent no. 13,156 "Hydraulic machinery and steam engines".
    Further Reading
    Gilkes, 1956, One Hundred Years of Water Power, Kendal.
    KM

    Biographical history of technology > Thomson, James

  • 8 Rosenhain, Walter

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 24 August 1875 Berlin, Germany
    d. 17 March 1934 Kingston Hill, Surrey, England
    [br]
    German metallurgist, first Superintendent of the Department of Metallurgy and Metallurgical Chemistry at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex.
    [br]
    His family emigrated to Australia when he was 5 years old. He was educated at Wesley College, Melbourne, and attended Queen's College, University of Melbourne, graduating in physics and engineering in 1897. As an 1851 Exhibitioner he then spent three years at St John's College, Cambridge, under Sir Alfred Ewing, where he studied the microstructure of deformed metal crystals and abandoned his original intention of becoming a civil engineer. Rosenhain was the first to observe the slip-bands in metal crystals, and in the Bakerian Lecture delivered jointly by Ewing and Rosenhain to the Royal Society in 1899 it was shown that metals deformed plastically by a mechanism involving shear slip along individual crystal planes. From this conception modern ideas on the plasticity and recrystallization of metals rapidly developed. On leaving Cambridge, Rosenhain joined the Birmingham firm of Chance Brothers, where he worked for six years on optical glass and lighthouse-lens systems. A book, Glass Manufacture, written in 1908, derives from this period, during which he continued his metallurgical researches in the evenings in his home laboratory and published several papers on his work.
    In 1906 Rosenhain was appointed Head of the Metallurgical Department of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), and in 1908 he became the first Superintendent of the new Department of Metallurgy and Metallurgical Chemistry. Many of the techniques he introduced at Teddington were described in his Introduction to Physical Metallurgy, published in 1914. At the outbreak of the First World War, Rosenhain was asked to undertake work in his department on the manufacture of optical glass. This soon made it possible to manufacture optical glass of high quality on an industrial scale in Britain. Much valuable work on refractory materials stemmed from this venture. Rosenhain's early years at the NPL were, however, inseparably linked with his work on light alloys, which between 1912 and the end of the war involved virtually all of the metallurgical staff of the laboratory. The most important end product was the well-known "Y" Alloy (4% copper, 2% nickel and 1.5% magnesium) extensively used for the pistons and cylinder heads of aircraft engines. It was the prototype of the RR series of alloys jointly developed by Rolls Royce and High Duty Alloys. An improved zinc-based die-casting alloy devised by Rosenhain was also used during the war on a large scale for the production of shell fuses.
    After the First World War, much attention was devoted to beryllium, which because of its strength, lightness, and stiffness would, it was hoped, become the airframe material of the future. It remained, however, too brittle for practical use. Other investigations dealt with impurities in copper, gases in aluminium alloys, dental alloys, and the constitution of alloys. During this period, Rosenhain's laboratory became internationally known as a centre of excellence for the determination of accurate equilibrium diagrams.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1913. President, Institute of Metals 1828–30. Iron and Steel Institute Bessemer Medal, Carnegie Medal.
    Bibliography
    1908, Glass Manufacture.
    1914, An Introduction to the Study of Physical Metallurgy, London: Constable. Rosenhain published over 100 research papers.
    Further Reading
    J.L.Haughton, 1934, "The work of Walter Rosenhain", Journal of the Institute of Metals 55(2):17–32.
    ASD

    Biographical history of technology > Rosenhain, Walter

  • 9 Q.C.

    abbreviation
    juridically Queen's Counsel; Queen's College

    English-Slovenian dictionary > Q.C.

  • 10 Percy, John

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 23 March 1817 Nottingham, England
    d. 19 June 1889 London, England
    [br]
    English metallurgist, first Professor of Metallurgy at the School of Mines, London.
    [br]
    After a private education, Percy went to Paris in 1834 to study medicine and to attend lectures on chemistry by Gay-Lussac and Thenard. After 1838 he studied medicine at Edinburgh, obtaining his MD in 1839. In that year he was appointed Professor of Chemistry at Queen's College, Birmingham, moving to Queen's Hospital at Birmingham in 1843. During his time at Birmingham, Percy became well known for his analysis of blast furnace slags, and was involved in the manufacture of optical glass. On 7 June 1851 Percy was appointed Metallurgical Professor and Teacher at the Museum of Practical Geology established in Jermyn Street, London, and opened in May 1851. In November of 1851, when the Museum became the Government (later Royal) School of Mines, Percy was appointed Lecturer in Metallurgy. In addition to his work at Jermyn Street, Percy lectured on metallurgy to the Advanced Class of Artillery at Woolwich from 1864 until his death, and from 1866 he was Superintendent of Ventilation at the Houses of Parliament. He served from 1861 to 1864 on the Special Committee on Iron set up to examine the performance of armour-plate in relation to its purity, composition and structure.
    Percy is best known for his metallurgical text books, published by John Murray. Volume I of Metallurgy, published in 1861, dealt with fuels, fireclays, copper, zinc and brass; Volume II, in 1864, dealt with iron and steel; a volume on lead appeared in 1870, followed by one on fuels and refractories in 1875, and the first volume on gold and silver in 1880. Further projected volumes on iron and steel, noble metals, and on copper, did not materialize. In 1879 Percy resigned from his School of Mines appointment in protest at the proposed move from Jermyn Street to South Kensington. The rapid growth of Percy's metallurgical collection, started in 1839, eventually forced him to move to a larger house. After his death, the collection was bought by the South Kensington (later Science) Museum. Now comprising 3,709 items, it provides a comprehensive if unselective record of nineteenth-century metallurgy, the most interesting specimens being those of the first sodium-reduced aluminium made in Britain and some of the first steel produced by Bessemer in Baxter House. Metallurgy for Percy was a technique of chemical extraction, and he has been criticized for basing his system of metallurgical instruction on this assumption. He stood strangely aloof from new processes of steel making such as that of Gilchrist and Thomas, and tended to neglect early developments in physical metallurgy, but he was the first in Britain to teach metallurgy as a discipline in its own right.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1847. President, Iron and Steel Institute 1885, 1886.
    Bibliography
    1861–80, Metallurgy, 5 vols, London: John Murray.
    Further Reading
    S.J.Cackett, 1989, "Dr Percy and his metallurgical collection", Journal of the Hist. Met. Society 23(2):92–8.
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Percy, John

  • 11 Qns Coll

    Общая лексика: Queen's College (Оксфордский университет; Великобритания)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Qns Coll

  • 12 Rutgers University

    Университет штата [ state university] в г. Нью-Брансуике, шт. Нью-Джерси. Филиалы в г. Камдене и г. Ньюарке. Основан в 1766 по хартии короля Георга III как колониальный Королевский колледж [Queen's College], с 1825 носит имя филантропа Ратджерса, получил статус университета в 1924. В 1954 в его составе создан Институт микробиологии (на прибыли от производства антибиотика стрептомицина, впервые полученного в 1944 на экспериментальной сельскохозяйственной станции Университета). Известны юридический факультет [Rutgers Law School] в г. Ньюарке и Институт джаза [Institute of Jazz Studies]. Картинная галерея [University Art Gallery] с собранием произведений французского, английского и американского искусства XIX - начала XX вв. Библиотека насчитывает более 3,3 млн. томов. Около 40 тыс. студентов

    English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Rutgers University

  • 13 taberdar

    ['tæbə(ː)dɑː]
    та́бердар, стипендиа́т (в Куинз-Колледже [ Queen's College] Оксфордского университета [ Oxford University])
    от tabard - плащ рыцаря; первоначально стипендиаты колледжа носили плащи

    English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > taberdar

  • 14 curate's egg

    брит. нечто, имеющее как положительные, так и отрицательные свойства

    Queen's College is something of a curate's egg, with elegant Victorian buildings alongside some of the ugliest modern architecture. — Куинз-Колледж (Оксфордского университета) сочетает в себе прекрасное и безобразное: изящные образцы викторианской архитектуры соседствуют здесь с отвратительными современными постройками.

    Англо-русский современный словарь > curate's egg

  • 15 Boole, George

    [br]
    b. 2 November 1815 Lincoln, England
    d. 8 December 1864 Ballintemple, Coounty Cork, Ireland
    [br]
    English mathematician whose development of symbolic logic laid the foundations for the operating principles of modern computers.
    [br]
    Boole was the son of a tradesman, from whom he learned the principles of mathematics and optical-component manufacturing. From the early age of 16 he taught in a number of schools in West Yorkshire, and when only 20 he opened his own school in Lincoln. There, at the Mechanical Institute, he avidly read mathematical journals and the works of great mathematicians such as Lagrange, Laplace and Newton and began to tackle a variety of algebraic problems. This led to the publication of a constant stream of original papers in the newly launched Cambridge Mathematical Journal on topics in the fields of algebra and calculus, for which in 1844 he received the Royal Society Medal.
    In 1847 he wrote The Mathematical Analysis of Logic, which applied algebraic symbolism to logical forms, whereby the presence or absence of properties could be represented by binary states and combined, just like normal algebraic equations, to derive logical statements about a series of operations. This laid the foundations for the binary logic used in modern computers, which, being based on binary on-off devices, greatly depend on the use of such operations as "and", "nand" ("not and"), "or" and "nor" ("not or"), etc. Although he lacked any formal degree, this revolutionary work led to his appointment in 1849 to the Chair of Mathematics at Queen's College, Cork, where he continued his work on logic and also produce treatises on differential equations and the calculus of finite differences.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Royal Society Medal 1844. FRS 1857.
    Bibliography
    Boole's major contributions to logic available in republished form include George Boole: Investigation of the Laws of Thought, Dover Publications; George Boole: Laws of Thought, Open Court, and George Boole: Studies in Logic \& Probability, Open Court.
    1872, A Treatise on Differential Equations.
    Further Reading
    W.Kneale, 1948, "Boole and the revival of logic", Mind 57:149.
    G.C.Smith (ed.), 1982, George Boole \& Augustus de Morgan. Correspondence 1842– 1864, Oxford University Press.
    —, 1985, George Boole: His Life and Work, McHale.
    E.T.Bell, 1937, Men of Mathematics, London: Victor Gollancz.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Boole, George

  • 16 Wilson, Percy

    SUBJECT AREA: Broadcasting, Recording
    [br]
    b. 8 March 1893 Halifax, Yorkshire, England
    d. May 1977
    [br]
    English engineer and technical writer who developed geometries for pick-arms and reproducing horns.
    [br]
    He graduated from The Queen's College with a BA in 1915 and an MA in 1918. He was an instructor and lecturer in the Royal Navy in 1915–19. He became an administrative officer with the Board of Education until 1938, and continued his work in the British Civil Service in the Ministry of Transport until 1949. From 1924 to 1938 he was Technical Adviser, and from 1953 Technical Editor, with Gramophone, a publication catering for the record-and equipment-buying public. He brought a mathematical mind to the problems of gramophone reproduction and solved the geometrical problem of obtaining a reasonable approximation to tangential tracking across the surface of a record even though the soundbox (or pick-up) is carried by a pivoted arm. Later he tackled the problem of horns, determining that a modified exponential horn, even with a bent axis, would give optimal reproduction by a purely acoustic system. This development was used commercially during the 1930s. Wilson was for a time a member of the School Broadcasting Council and developed methods for improving subjective listening tests for evaluation of audio equipment. He was also deeply involved in the long-playing record system used for Talking Books for the Blind. He had a life-long interest in spiritualist matters and was President of the Spiritualist National Union from 1950 to 1953 and Chairman of the Psychic Press from 1951.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1929, with G.W.Webb, Modern Gramophones and Electrical Reproducers, London: Cassell (the first book to draw the consequences of the recent development of electronic filter theory for the interpretation of record wear).
    Further Reading
    G.A.Briggs (ed.), 1961, Audio Biographies, Wharfedale Wireless Works, pp. 326–34.
    GB-N

    Biographical history of technology > Wilson, Percy

  • 17 Wren, Sir Christopher

    [br]
    b. 20 October 1632 East Knoyle, Wiltshire, England
    d. 25 February 1723 London, England
    [br]
    English architect whose background in scientific research and achievement enhanced his handling of many near-intractable architectural problems.
    [br]
    Born into a High Church and Royalist family, the young Wren early showed outstanding intellectual ability and at Oxford in 1654 was described as "that miracle of a youth". Educated at Westminster School, he went up to Oxford, where he graduated at the age of 19 and obtained his master's degree two years later. From this time onwards his interests were in science, primarily astronomy but also physics, engineering and meteorology. While still at college he developed theories about and experimentally solved some fifty varied problems. At the age of 25 Wren was appointed to the Chair of Astronomy at Gresham College in London, but he soon returned to Oxford as Savilian Professor of Astronomy there. At the same time he became one of the founder members of the Society of Experimental Philosophy at Oxford, which was awarded its Royal Charter soon after the Restoration of 1660; Wren, together with such men as Isaac Newton, Robert Hooke, John Evelyn and Robert Boyle, then found himself a member of the Royal Society.
    Wren's architectural career began with the classical chapel that he built, at the request of his uncle, the Bishop of Ely, for Pembroke College, Cambridge (1663). From this time onwards, until he died at the age of 91, he was fully occupied with a wide and taxing variety of architectural problems which he faced in the execution of all the great building schemes of the day. His scientific background and inventive mind stood him in good stead in solving such difficulties with an often unusual approach and concept. Nowhere was this more apparent than in his rebuilding of fifty-one churches in the City of London after the Great Fire, in the construction of the new St Paul's Cathedral and in the grand layout of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich.
    The first instance of Wren's approach to constructional problems was in his building of the Sheldonian Theatre in Oxford (1664–9). He based his design upon that of the Roman Theatre of Marcellus (13–11 BC), which he had studied from drawings in Serlio's book of architecture. Wren's reputation as an architect was greatly enhanced by his solution to the roofing problem here. The original theatre in Rome, like all Roman-theatres, was a circular building open to the sky; this would be unsuitable in the climate of Oxford and Wren wished to cover the English counterpart without using supporting columns, which would have obscured the view of the stage. He solved this difficulty mathematically, with the aid of his colleague Dr Wallis, the Professor of Geometry, by means of a timber-trussed roof supporting a painted ceiling which represented the open sky.
    The City of London's churches were rebuilt over a period of nearly fifty years; the first to be completed and reopened was St Mary-at-Hill in 1676, and the last St Michael Cornhill in 1722, when Wren was 89. They had to be rebuilt upon the original medieval sites and they illustrate, perhaps more clearly than any other examples of Wren's work, the fertility of his imagination and his ability to solve the most intractable problems of site, limitation of space and variation in style and material. None of the churches is like any other. Of the varied sites, few are level or possess right-angled corners or parallel sides of equal length, and nearly all were hedged in by other, often larger, buildings. Nowhere is his versatility and inventiveness shown more clearly than in his designs for the steeples. There was no English precedent for a classical steeple, though he did draw upon the Dutch examples of the 1630s, because the London examples had been medieval, therefore Roman Catholic and Gothic, churches. Many of Wren's steeples are, therefore, Gothic steeples in classical dress, but many were of the greatest originality and delicate beauty: for example, St Mary-le-Bow in Cheapside; the "wedding cake" St Bride in Fleet Street; and the temple diminuendo concept of Christ Church in Newgate Street.
    In St Paul's Cathedral Wren showed his ingenuity in adapting the incongruous Royal Warrant Design of 1675. Among his gradual and successful amendments were the intriguing upper lighting of his two-storey choir and the supporting of the lantern by a brick cone inserted between the inner and outer dome shells. The layout of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich illustrates Wren's qualities as an overall large-scale planner and designer. His terms of reference insisted upon the incorporation of the earlier existing Queen's House, erected by Inigo Jones, and of John Webb's King Charles II block. The Queen's House, in particular, created a difficult problem as its smaller size rendered it out of scale with the newer structures. Wren's solution was to make it the focal centre of a great vista between the main flanking larger buildings; this was a masterstroke.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1673. President, Royal Society 1681–3. Member of Parliament 1685–7 and 1701–2. Surveyor, Greenwich Hospital 1696. Surveyor, Westminster Abbey 1699.
    Surveyor-General 1669–1712.
    Further Reading
    R.Dutton, 1951, The Age of Wren, Batsford.
    M.Briggs, 1953, Wren the Incomparable, Allen \& Unwin. M.Whinney, 1971, Wren, Thames \& Hudson.
    K.Downes, 1971, Christopher Wren, Allen Lane.
    G.Beard, 1982, The Work of Sir Christopher Wren, Bartholomew.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Wren, Sir Christopher

  • 18 Cincinnati

    [ˏsɪnsɪˊnætɪ] г. Цинциннати ( в юго-западной части штата Огайо). Ок. 400 тыс. жителей. Местные жители часто произносят его назв. как [ˏsɪnsɪˊnætǝ] или [sɪnsɪˊnæt\@:]. Прозвище: «королева» [Queen City]. Житель: цинциннатец [Cincinnatian]. Ассоциации: красивый город с большим культурным наследием немецких эмигрантов; всемирно известен симфонический оркестр Цинциннати; Лонгфелло назвал его «королевой Запада» [‘Queen of the West'], а Уинстон Черчилль «самым красивым из неприморских городов Америки» [‘most beautiful inland city’]; жители считаются дружелюбными, но сдержанными; одетый в соответствии с их понятиями о моде человек выглядит несколько старомодным и консервативным для жителей американских больших городов; город высокого класса, но без блеска и излишней парадности. Река: р. Огайо [Ohio River]. Районы, улицы, площади: Маунт- Адамс [*Mt. Adams], Маунт- Обёрн [Mt. Auburn], Клифтон [Clifton], Фонтанная площадь [Fountain Square]. Комплексы, здания, памятники: фонтан Тайлер- Дэвидсон [Tyler Davidson Fountain], южная часть Фонтанной площади [Fountain Square]. Музеи, памятные места: Цинциннатский музей естественной истории [Cincinnati Natural History Museum], Цинциннатский музей пожарной охраны [Cincinnati Fire Museum], Музей Вента Хейвена [Vent Haven Museum]. Художественные выставки, музеи: Цинциннатский художественный музей [Cincinnati Art Museum], Музей Тафта [Taft Museum], Цинциннатский музей современного искусства [Cincinnati Contemporary Art Museum]. Культурные центры, театры: Театр «Тафт» [Taft], «Театр в парке» [Playhouse in the Park], Цинциннатский симфонический оркестр [*Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra] и оперная труппа [*Cincinnati Opera Company], Цинциннатский балет [*Cincinnati Ballet], Консерватория [*College Conservatory of Music]. Учебные заведения: Университет Цинциннати [University of Cincinnati]. Периодические издания: «Цинциннати инквайрер» [*Cincinnati Enquirer], «Цинциннати пост» [*Cincinnati Post]. Парки, зоопарки, аквариумы: парк Эдем [*Eden Park]. Спорт: «Стадион на набережной» [Riverfront Stadium], «Колизей» [Coliseum], Зал славы студенческого футбола [*College Football Hall of Fame], футбольная команда «Бенгальцы» [*‘Bengals']. Достопримечательности: дом родителей писательницы Гарриет Бичер- Стоу [Stowe House]. Фестивали: Майский фестиваль [May Festival]; «Октоберфест» [Oktoberfest], праздник немецкого культурного наследия в октябре

    США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > Cincinnati

  • 19 Chamberlen (the Elder), Peter

    SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology
    [br]
    b. c. 1601 London, England
    d. 22 December 1683 Woodham Mortimer, Essex, England
    [br]
    English obstetrician who was a member of a family of obstetricians of the same name who made use of a secret design of obstetric forceps (probably designed by him).
    [br]
    Of Huguenot stock, his ancestor William having probably come to England in 1569, he was admitted to Cambridge University in 1615 at the age of 14. He graduated Doctor of Medicine in Padua in 1619, having also spent some time at Heidelberg. In 1628 he was elected a Fellow of the College of Physicians, though with some reservations on account of his dress and conduct; these appear to have had some foundation for he was dismissed from the fellowship for repeated contumacy in 1659. Nonetheless, he was appointed Physician in Ordinary to Charles I in 1660. There are grounds for suspecting that in later years he developed some signs of insanity.
    Chamberlen was engaged extensively in the practice of midwifery, and his reputation and that of the other members of the family, several of whom were also called Peter, was enhanced by their possession of their own pattern of obstetric forceps, hitherto unknown and kept carefully guarded as a family secret. The original instruments were discovered hidden at the family home in Essex in 1815 and have been preserved by the Royal Society of Medicine. Chamberlen appears to have threatened the physicians' obstetric monopoly by attempting to organize mid-wives into a corporate company, to be headed by himself, a move which was successfully opposed by the College of Physicians.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Physician in Ordinary to King Charles I, King Charles II, King James II, Queen Mary and Queen Anne.
    Bibliography
    1662, The Accomplished Midwife. The Sober Mans Vindication, discovering the true cause and manner how Dr. Chamberlen came to be reported mad, London.
    Further Reading
    MG

    Biographical history of technology > Chamberlen (the Elder), Peter

  • 20 Moulton, Alexander

    [br]
    b. 9 April 1920 Stratford-on-Avon
    [br]
    English inventor of vehicle suspension systems and the Moulton bicycle.
    [br]
    He spent his childhood at The Hall in Bradfordon-Avon. He was educated at Marlborough College, and in 1937 was apprenticed to the Sentinel Steam Wagon Company of Shrewsbury. About that same time he went to King's College, Cambridge, where he took the Mechanical Sciences Tripos. It was then wartime, and he did research on aero-engines at the Bristol Aeroplane Company, where he became Personal Assistant to Sir Roy Fedden. He left Bristol's in 1945 to join his family firm, Spencer \& Moulton, of which he eventually became Technical Director and built up the Research Department. In 1948 he invented his first suspension unit, the "Flexitor", in which an inner shaft and an outer shell were separated by an annular rubber body which was bonded to both.
    In 1848 his great-grandfather had founded the family firm in an old woollen mill, to manufacture vulcanized rubber products under Charles Goodyear's patent. The firm remained a family business with Spencer's, consultants in railway engineering, until 1956 when it was sold to the Avon Rubber Company. He then formed Moulton Developments to continue his work on vehicle suspensions in the stables attached to The Hall. Sponsored by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) and the Dunlop Rubber Company, he invented a rubber cone spring in 1951 which was later used in the BMC Mini (see Issigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold Constantine): by 1994 over 4 million Minis had been fitted with these springs, made by Dunlop. In 1954 he patented the Hydrolastic suspension system, in which all four wheels were independently sprung with combined rubber springs and damper assembly, the weight being supported by fluid under pressure, and the wheels on each side being interconnected, front to rear. In 1962 he formed Moulton Bicycles Ltd, having designed an improved bicycle system for adult use. The conventional bicycle frame was replaced by a flat-sided oval steel tube F-frame on a novel rubber front and rear suspension, with the wheel size reduced to 41 cm (16 in.) with high-pressure tyres. Raleigh Industries Ltd having refused his offer to produce the Moulton Bicycle under licence, he set up his own factory on his estate, producing 25,000 bicycles between 1963 and 1966. In 1967 he sold out to Raleigh and set up as Bicycle Consultants Ltd while continuing the suspension development of Moulton Developments Ltd. In the 1970s the combined firms employed some forty staff, nearly 50 per cent of whom were graduates.
    He won the Queen's Award for Industry in 1967 for technical innovation in Hydrolastic car suspension and the Moulton Bicycle. Since that time he has continued his innovative work on suspensions and the bicycle. In 1983 he introduced the AM bicycle series of very sophisticated space-frame design with suspension and 43 cm (17 in.) wheels; this machine holds the world speed record fully formed at 82 km/h (51 mph). The current Rover 100 and MGF use his Hydragas interconnected suspension. By 1994 over 7 million cars had been fitted with Moulton suspensions. He has won many design awards and prizes, and has been awarded three honorary doctorates of engineering. He is active in engineering and design education.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Queen's Award for Industry 1967; CBE; RDI. Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.
    Further Reading
    P.R.Whitfield, 1975, Creativity in Industry, London: Penguin Books.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Moulton, Alexander

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