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121 carlismo
m.Carlism (history).* * *1 Carlism* * *SM CarlismCARLISMO The controversial change which Ferdinand VII of Spain made to the law in order to allow his daughter Isabella to succeed him instead of his brother, Carlos María Isidro de Borbón, gave rise to Carlism, a movement supporting Carlos's claim to the throne. It also sparked off a series of armed conflicts. The First Carlist War (1833-1839) was declared by Carlos when Isabella came to the throne, the Second (1860) was started by his son of the same name, and the Third (1872-76) by a grandson, another Don Carlos. The last Carlist pretender, Alfonso, died in 1936 without descendants, although that did not prevent the Falange Española from later backing the Carlist cause in an attempt to prevent the current king, Juan Carlos, being designated Franco's successor. To this day there is still a Carlist party in Spain.See:ver nota culturelle FALANGE ESPAÑOLA in falange* * *Spain had three civil wars known as the guerras carlistas (1833-39, 1860, 1872-76). When Fernando VII died in 1833, he was succeeded not by his brother the Infante Don Carlos de Borbón, but by his daughter Isabel, under the regency of her mother María Cristina. This provoked a mainly northern-Spanish revolt, with local guerrillas pitted against the forces of the central government. The Carlist Wars were also a confrontation between conservative rural Catholic Spain, especially the Basque provinces and Aragón, led by the carlistas, and the progressive liberal urban middle classes allied with the army. Carlos died in 1855, but the carlistas, representing political and religious traditionalism, supported his descendants' claims until reconciliation in 1977 with King Juan Carlos.* * *carlismo nmHist Carlism, = support for the claim to the Spanish throne of Don Carlos de Borbón and his descendants after the death of his brother Fernando VII in 1833 -
122 Guerras de Independencia
Spain's War of Independence against Napoleon Bonaparte's French occupation was ignited by the popular revolt in Madrid on 2 May 1808 against the French army. The reprisal executions are commemorated in a famous painting by Francisco de Goya. With support from the Duke of Wellington, Spanish resistance continued for over five years in a guerra de guerrillas which gave the world the concept and the term guerrilla warfare. The autocratic Fernando VII was restored to the throne in 1814, and his first act was to abolish the progressive Constitution of Cadiz adopted in 1812.The Wars of Independence of Spain's Latin American colonies were inspired partly by the ideas of the French encyclopédistes, partly by the example of the American and French Revolutions, and partly by Spain's own resistance to French domination. Argentina achieved independence in 1816. Simón Bolívar of Caracas led a freedom movement that was to sweep South America and earned him the title El Libertador. By 1840 all the mainland Spanish colonies were independent. Others who played a crucial roles in the independence struggles of Spain's colonies during the nineteenth century include Hidalgo, Morelos and Guerrero (Mexico), Sucre and Miranda (Venezuela, Peru), San Martín, Brown and Belgrano (Argentina), O'Higgins, San Martín (Chile), Céspedes and Martí (Cuba). -
123 PNV - Partido Nacionalista Vasco
The main Basque nationalist party. The PNV 's influence on Spanish politics was considerable while the PSOE was in power in Madrid, through pacts to ensure the central government's parliamentary majority. Relations have been far less cordial with the conservative PP under José María Aznar. Following the Basque parliamentary elections of 2001, the PNV was only able to form a government by forming a coalition with the progressive autonomists of Eusko Alkartasuna (Basque Alliance) and the communist Izquierda Unida-Ezker Batua (United Left).Spanish-English dictionary > PNV - Partido Nacionalista Vasco
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124 desertificación
f.desertization, progressive conversion into a desert, aridification, desertification.* * ** * *desertification -
125 aridificación
• aridification• progressive conversion into a desert -
126 autopropagante
• self-progressive• self-propagation -
127 conversión progresiva en desierto
• aridification• progressive conversion into a desertDiccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > conversión progresiva en desierto
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128 creado por poderes propios
• self-priming• self-progressiveDiccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > creado por poderes propios
См. также в других словарях:
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progressive — *liberal, advanced, radical Antonyms: reactionary … New Dictionary of Synonyms
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