-
1 principle of substitution
принцип замещения
Общий экономический принцип, который гласит, что расчетливый человек не будет платить за товар или услугу больше, чем затрачивает, приобретая столь же удовлетворительный заменитель этого товара или услуги при отсутствии осложняющих факторов времени, большего риска или неудобств. Наименьшие затраты наилучшей альтернативы — как для заменителя, так и для оригинала — свидетельствуют об установлении рыночной стоимости. Этот принцип играет фундаментальную роль для всех трех основных подходов к оценке рыночной стоимости. См. Альтернативные издержки, Подходы к оценке.
[ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > principle of substitution
-
2 principle of substitution
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > principle of substitution
-
3 principle of substitution
Математика: принцип подстановкиУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > principle of substitution
-
4 principle of substitution
мат.English-Russian scientific dictionary > principle of substitution
-
5 principle
1) правило; принцип2) закон3) начало, первооснова, (перво)источник•- distributed maximum principle - least number principle - principle of adiabatic invariance - principle of contraction mapping - principle of extension of inequalities - principle of fixed point - principle of harmonic balance - principle of harmonic measure - principle of hyperbolic measure - principle of least squares - principle of length and area - principle of mathematical induction - principle of maximum likelihood - principle of point estimation - principle of stationary phase - principle of stochastic balance - principle of transfinite induction - principle of unsufficient reason - virtual work principle - weak likelihood principle -
6 substitution principle
Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > substitution principle
-
7 substitution
заменители ; замена ; взаимозаменяемость ; субституция ; ? substitution account ; ? substitution effect ; ? substitution of foreign goods for domestic ; ? substitution rate ; ? degree of substitution ; ? general least cost substitution principle ; ? impo -
8 substitution principle
Программирование: принцип замены (напр., см. Liskov Substitution Principle), принцип подстановкиУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > substitution principle
-
9 principle of logical substitution
Математика: принцип логической подстановкиУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > principle of logical substitution
-
10 principle of logical substitution
English-Russian scientific dictionary > principle of logical substitution
-
11 general least cost substitution principle
общий принцип субституции для минимизации издержек ;Англо-Русский словарь финансовых терминов > general least cost substitution principle
-
12 Liskov Substitution Principle
1) Общая лексика: принцип замены Лисков (сокр. LSP; в объектно-ориентированном программировании является специфичным определением подтипа, предложенным Барбарой Лисков в 1987 году на конференции в основном докладе под названием «Абстракци)2) Программирование: принцип подстановки ЛисковУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Liskov Substitution Principle
-
13 принцип подстановки
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > принцип подстановки
-
14 theorem
ˈθɪərəm сущ. теорема to deduce a theorem ≈ выводить теорему to formulate a theorem ≈ формулировать теорему to prove a theorem ≈ доказывать теорему to test a theorem ≈ проверять теорему binomial theorem Syn: principle теорема - by * по теореме - reciprocal * обратная теорема - to prove the * доказать теорему( редкое) выражать посредством или в форме теоремы addition ~ теорема сложения basis ~ теорема об опорном плане cobweb ~ полит.эк. теорема "паутины" cobweb ~ теорема паутины duality ~ теорема двойственности equilibrium ~ теорема о равновесии extended mean value ~ обобщенная теорема о среднем extreme-value ~ теорема об экстремальных значениях limit ~ предельная теорема mean ergodic ~ эргодическая теорема о среднем minimax ~ теорема о минимаксе multiplication ~ теорема умножения optimality ~ теорема об оптимальности saddle-value ~ теорема о седловой точке substitution ~ теорема о замещении tangency ~ теорема касания theorem теорема turnpike ~ теорема о магистрали -
15 LSP
1) Компьютерная техника: Location Sound Processor2) Медицина: left sacrum posterior, тазовое предлежание (left sacroposterior position), задний вид (left sacroposterior position)3) Военный термин: landing ship, personnel, launch sequence plan, launcher status panel, life support package, loan service personnel, logistics support plan, lump-sum payment4) Техника: laser-sustained plasma, level set point, low steamline pressure5) Химия: Line Spectrum Pair6) Экономика: партнёр, оказывающий услуги в сфере логистики ( Logistics Service Partner)7) Биржевой термин: LaBranche Structured Products, LLC8) Телекоммуникации: Local Support Provider, Link State Packet (NetWare)9) Сокращение: LightSpeed Pascal, low speed, Labelled Security Protection, learning service provider10) Университет: Liberal Studies Program11) Физиология: Lumbar spine12) Биохимия: ladder-shaped polyether13) Педиатрия: первая позиция (left sacroposterior position)14) Связь: Label Switch Path15) Деловая лексика: Linguistic Services Provider16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: lowest possible survival potential17) Образование: Learning Support Program18) Сетевые технологии: Label Switched Path, Layered Service Provider, путь с коммутацией по меткам (Label Switching Path)19) Программирование: Liskov Substitution Principle, List Source Package20) Расширение файла: Lisp language source code file (AutoLISP - Xlisp), LISP language source (autoLISP)21) Каспий: ледостойкая стационарная платформа22) Должность: Licensed Site Professional23) Программное обеспечение: Linux Server Project -
16 operation
1) действие2) операция3) оперирование4) процесс, ход5) работа, функционирование6) срабатывание7) управление8) эксплуатация•- hereditarily recursive operationoperation under VFR — авиац. визуальное самолётовождение
-
17 Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 26 August 1743 Paris, Franced. 8 May 1794 Paris, France[br]French founder of the modern science of chemistry.[br]As well as receiving a formal education in law and literature, Lavoisier studied science under some of the leading figures of the day. This proved to be an ideal formation of the man in whom "man of science" and "public servant" were so intimately combined. His early work towards the first geological map of France and on the water supply of Paris helped to win him election to the Royal Academy of Sciences in 1768 at the youthful age of 25. In the same year he used some of his private income to buy a part-share in the "tax farm", a private company which leased from the Government the right to collect certain indirect taxes.In 1772 Lavoisier began his researches into the related phenomena of combustion, respiration and the calcination or oxidation of metals. This culminated in the early 1780s in the overthrow of the prevailing theory, based on an imponderable combustion principle called "phlogiston", and the substitution of the modern explanation of these processes. At the same time, understanding of the nature of acids, bases and salts was placed on a sounder footing. More important, Lavoisier defined a chemical element in its modern sense and showed how it should be applied by drawing up the first modern list of the chemical elements. With the revolution in chemistry initiated by Lavoisier, chemists could begin to understand correctly the fundamental processes of their science. This understanding was the foundationo of the astonishing advance in scientific and industrial chemistry that has taken place since then. As an academician, Lavoisier was paid by the Government to carry out investigations into a wide variety of practical questions with a chemical bias, such as the manufacture of starch and the distillation of phosphorus. In 1775 Louis XVI ordered the setting up of the Gunpowder Commission to improve the supply and quality of gunpowder, deficiencies in which had hampered France's war efforts. Lavoisier was a member of the Commission and, as usual, took the leading part, drawing up its report and supervising its implementation. As a result, the industry became profitable, output increased so that France could even export powder, and the range of the powder increased by two-thirds. This was a material factor in France's war effort in the Revolution and the Napoleonic wars.As if his chemical researches and official duties were not enough, Lavoisier began to apply his scientific principles to agriculture when he purchased an estate at Frechines, near Blois. After ten years' work on his experimental farm there, Lavoisier was able to describe his results in the memoir "Results of some agricultural experiments and reflections on their relation to political economy" (Paris, 1788), which holds historic importance in agriculture and economics. In spite of his services to the nation and to humanity, his association with the tax farm was to have tragic consequences: during the reign of terror in 1794 the Revolutionaries consigned to the guillotine all the tax farmers, including Lavoisier.[br]Bibliography1862–93, Oeuvres de Lavoisier, Vols I–IV, ed. J.B.A.Dumas; Vols V–VI, ed. E.Grimaux, Paris (Lavoisier's collected works).Further ReadingD.I.Duveen and H.S.Klickstein, 1954, A Bibliography of the Works of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier 1743–1794, London: William Dawson (contains valuable biographical material).D.McKie, 1952, Antoine Lavoisier, Scientist, Economist, Social Reformer, London: Constable (the best modern, general biography).H.Guerlac, 1975, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, Chemist and Revolutionary, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons (a more recent work).LRDBiographical history of technology > Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent
См. также в других словарях:
Substitution principle — can refer to several things: *Substitution principle (mathematics) *Substitution principle (sustainability) … Wikipedia
Substitution principle (sustainability) — The substitution principle is focused on the substitution of a product, service or process to another that is more efficient or beneficial in some way while retaining the same functionality. The prominent substitution nowadays is replacing a… … Wikipedia
substitution — The principle by which CME Clearing becomes the buyer to every seller and the seller to every buyer upon the successful matching of two trade records or upon the successful completion of initial settlement for ex pit transactions. Chicago… … Financial and business terms
substitution rule — noun : a principle in logic specifying what expressions may be substituted for one another a substitution rule specifying that the definiendum may replace the definiens … Useful english dictionary
Liskov substitution principle — In object oriented programming, the Liskov substitution principle is a particular definition of subtype that was introduced by Barbara Liskov in a 1987 conference keynote address entitled Data abstraction and hierarchy ] as follows:: Let q(x) be… … Wikipedia
Disquotational principle — The disquotational principle is a philosophical theorem which holds that a rational speaker will accept p if and only if he or she believes p. The quotes indicate that the statement p is being treated as a sentence, and not as a proposition. This … Wikipedia
Curtin–Hammett principle — The Curtin–Hammett principle is a principle in chemical kinetics proposed by David Yarrow Curtin and Louis Plack Hammett. It states that, for a reaction that has a pair of reactive intermediates or reactants that interconvert rapidly (as is… … Wikipedia
Принцип замещения — (principle of substitution) один из ПРИНЦИПОВ ОЦЕНИВАНИЯ (см.), в соответствии с которым, рациональный покупатель не будет платить за недвижимость больше, чем стоимость приобретения другой равным образом подходящей недвижимости. Выражение другая… … Словарь терминов по экспертизе и управлению недвижимостью
taxation — taxational, adj. /tak say sheuhn/, n. 1. the act of taxing. 2. the fact of being taxed. 3. a tax imposed. 4. the revenue raised by taxes. [1250 1300; < ML taxation (s. of taxatio) an appraising (see TAX, ATION); r. ME taxacioun < AF < ML, as… … Universalium
П — Пааше индекс [Paasche price index] Пагамент (Payment in cash) Пай (share, stock, stake) Пакет акций (interest, stock ) Пакетный множитель (blockage factor) … Экономико-математический словарь
Principles of Economics (Marshall) — Principles of Economics [cite book |title=Principles of Economics| last=Marshall |first=Alfred| authorlink=Alfred Marshall |edition=Revised Edition |year=1920 |location=London |publisher=Macmillan; reprinted by Prometheus Books |isbn=1573921408]… … Wikipedia