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1 תקדים
precedent -
2 החלטה תקדימית
precedent decision -
3 הוכיח
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4 הוֹכֵיח
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5 מעשה
מַעֲשֶׂהm. (b. h.; עָשָׂה) deed, act; practice; fact, event. Yeb.IV, 9 עד שיעשה … מ׳ until thy older brother takes action concerning her (v. חֲלִיצָה a. יִבּוּם). Ab. I, 17, v. מִדְיָש. Kidd.40b, v. לִימּוּד. B. Bath. 130b אין למדין הלכה … ולא מפי מ׳ … הלכה למ׳ you dare not derive a law either from a theoretical decision or from an act (of your teachers) unless they declare their decision a rule for practical guidance. Ib., a. fr. מ׳ רב a practical decision is a teacher (a guiding precedent). Yeb.XV, 2 וכמ׳ שהיה and only in the same way as it (the precedent) happened. Ib. 116b, a. fr. משום מ׳ שהיה on account of an occurrence. Ib. בירדן … דהוה מ׳וכ׳ only for the Jordan and for a ship exactly as the event took place, they established the ordinance Ber.I, 1 מ׳ ובאווכ׳ it happened that Bets.III, 2 מעשה בעכו״םוכ׳ it happened that a gentile brought Ib. 24a, a. fr. מ׳ לסתור you quote a fact which disproves your rule! Yeb.70b מחוסר מ׳ ומ׳ בגופו he (the uncircumcised) lacks an act and this to be performed on his body; a. fr.אנשי מ׳ (sub. נִסִּים) men in whose behalf miracles occur, saints. Sot.IX, 15; a. fr.מַעֲשֵׂה מרכבה, מ׳ נסים, v. respective determinants.Pl. מַעֲשִׂים, constr. מַעֲשֵׂי. B. Kam.95b, a. fr. הא מ׳ בכל יום is it not a daily occurrence! Tosef.Nidd.IV, 3 שני מ׳ הוליךוכ׳ my father brought the report of two precedents from Tibin to Jabneh. Ber.32b מ׳ טובים good deeds; a. v. fr. -
6 מַעֲשֶׂה
מַעֲשֶׂהm. (b. h.; עָשָׂה) deed, act; practice; fact, event. Yeb.IV, 9 עד שיעשה … מ׳ until thy older brother takes action concerning her (v. חֲלִיצָה a. יִבּוּם). Ab. I, 17, v. מִדְיָש. Kidd.40b, v. לִימּוּד. B. Bath. 130b אין למדין הלכה … ולא מפי מ׳ … הלכה למ׳ you dare not derive a law either from a theoretical decision or from an act (of your teachers) unless they declare their decision a rule for practical guidance. Ib., a. fr. מ׳ רב a practical decision is a teacher (a guiding precedent). Yeb.XV, 2 וכמ׳ שהיה and only in the same way as it (the precedent) happened. Ib. 116b, a. fr. משום מ׳ שהיה on account of an occurrence. Ib. בירדן … דהוה מ׳וכ׳ only for the Jordan and for a ship exactly as the event took place, they established the ordinance Ber.I, 1 מ׳ ובאווכ׳ it happened that Bets.III, 2 מעשה בעכו״םוכ׳ it happened that a gentile brought Ib. 24a, a. fr. מ׳ לסתור you quote a fact which disproves your rule! Yeb.70b מחוסר מ׳ ומ׳ בגופו he (the uncircumcised) lacks an act and this to be performed on his body; a. fr.אנשי מ׳ (sub. נִסִּים) men in whose behalf miracles occur, saints. Sot.IX, 15; a. fr.מַעֲשֵׂה מרכבה, מ׳ נסים, v. respective determinants.Pl. מַעֲשִׂים, constr. מַעֲשֵׂי. B. Kam.95b, a. fr. הא מ׳ בכל יום is it not a daily occurrence! Tosef.Nidd.IV, 3 שני מ׳ הוליךוכ׳ my father brought the report of two precedents from Tibin to Jabneh. Ber.32b מ׳ טובים good deeds; a. v. fr. -
7 עוד
עוּד(b. h.; cmp. עָדָה) to turn, return, occur; to continue, endure, exist (v. Ges. Thes. s. v.).Denom. עַד, עוֹד, עֵת Polel עוֹדֵד to straighten, erect, help up. Midr. Till. to Ps. 146:9 וכי כל … מְעוֹדֵד does the Lord uphold all widows and orphans?Part. pass. מְעוֹדָד; pl. מְעוֹדָדִים, מְעוֹדָדִין. Tosef.Makhsh.I, 3 שק אחד מע׳ (ed. Zuck. משדר, Var. מועדר; R. S. to Makhsh. I, 4 מעירר; Makhsh. l. c. מלא פירות) one bag standing upright (closely packed); ib. שני שקין מע׳ (ed. Zuck. מעודרון, Yar. מעידדי, R. S. מעוררין). Hif. הֵעִיד (denom. of עֵד) 1) to declare ones presence at a certain occurrence, esp. to establish a law from a witnessed precedent or traditional knowledge. Eduy. II, 1 ר׳ חנינא …ה׳וכ׳ R. H. … related four things which he knew by tradition. Ib. 3 אף הואה׳ עלוכ׳ he also reported as a precedent the case of a small village ; a. fr. 2) to testify before court. Ib. IV, 11 מי שהיו … מְעִידוֹת אותו he concerning whom there were two sets of witnesses testifying; אלו מְעִידִיםוכ׳ the ones testifying that Macc.I, 1 מעידין אנו באיש … שגירשוכ׳ (Bab. ed. 3a … את איש) we testify about this man that he divorced Ib. 2, sq.; a. v. fr.Ḥag.5a וממהר להָעִידוֹ and is quick to testify against him; Yalk. Mal. 589 ומֵעִיד בו. 3) to call upon as witness. Lev. R. s. 2 מְעִידֵנִי עליוכ׳ I call upon heaven and earth as my witnesses ; Arakh.16b מעיד אניוכ׳; a. fr. 4) to forewarn, exhort. Lev. R. l. c. שבעה נביאים … והן מעידיןוכ׳ seven prophets stood up for the nations exhorting them; לא הֵעִידוּ בנו they have not warned us; גירי הדור מעידין בדור the proselytes of every generation are an exhortation to their respective generation; a. e.Esp. to forewarn the owner of a noxious animal; to declare an animal noxious (v. מוּעָד). B. Kam.II, 4 כל שהֵעִידוּ בווכ׳, v. מוּעָד. Ib. 24a עד שיָעִידוּ בווכ׳ unless he be declared noxious (testimony be deposited stating the facts on which the declaration is based) in the presence of the owner and in court. Ib. הֵעִידוּהוּ שניםוכ׳ if the first case has been ascertained by two witnesses ; a. fr.Part. pass. מוּעָד q. v. -
8 עוּד
עוּד(b. h.; cmp. עָדָה) to turn, return, occur; to continue, endure, exist (v. Ges. Thes. s. v.).Denom. עַד, עוֹד, עֵת Polel עוֹדֵד to straighten, erect, help up. Midr. Till. to Ps. 146:9 וכי כל … מְעוֹדֵד does the Lord uphold all widows and orphans?Part. pass. מְעוֹדָד; pl. מְעוֹדָדִים, מְעוֹדָדִין. Tosef.Makhsh.I, 3 שק אחד מע׳ (ed. Zuck. משדר, Var. מועדר; R. S. to Makhsh. I, 4 מעירר; Makhsh. l. c. מלא פירות) one bag standing upright (closely packed); ib. שני שקין מע׳ (ed. Zuck. מעודרון, Yar. מעידדי, R. S. מעוררין). Hif. הֵעִיד (denom. of עֵד) 1) to declare ones presence at a certain occurrence, esp. to establish a law from a witnessed precedent or traditional knowledge. Eduy. II, 1 ר׳ חנינא …ה׳וכ׳ R. H. … related four things which he knew by tradition. Ib. 3 אף הואה׳ עלוכ׳ he also reported as a precedent the case of a small village ; a. fr. 2) to testify before court. Ib. IV, 11 מי שהיו … מְעִידוֹת אותו he concerning whom there were two sets of witnesses testifying; אלו מְעִידִיםוכ׳ the ones testifying that Macc.I, 1 מעידין אנו באיש … שגירשוכ׳ (Bab. ed. 3a … את איש) we testify about this man that he divorced Ib. 2, sq.; a. v. fr.Ḥag.5a וממהר להָעִידוֹ and is quick to testify against him; Yalk. Mal. 589 ומֵעִיד בו. 3) to call upon as witness. Lev. R. s. 2 מְעִידֵנִי עליוכ׳ I call upon heaven and earth as my witnesses ; Arakh.16b מעיד אניוכ׳; a. fr. 4) to forewarn, exhort. Lev. R. l. c. שבעה נביאים … והן מעידיןוכ׳ seven prophets stood up for the nations exhorting them; לא הֵעִידוּ בנו they have not warned us; גירי הדור מעידין בדור the proselytes of every generation are an exhortation to their respective generation; a. e.Esp. to forewarn the owner of a noxious animal; to declare an animal noxious (v. מוּעָד). B. Kam.II, 4 כל שהֵעִידוּ בווכ׳, v. מוּעָד. Ib. 24a עד שיָעִידוּ בווכ׳ unless he be declared noxious (testimony be deposited stating the facts on which the declaration is based) in the presence of the owner and in court. Ib. הֵעִידוּהוּ שניםוכ׳ if the first case has been ascertained by two witnesses ; a. fr.Part. pass. מוּעָד q. v. -
9 בא
person————————precedent; archetype; foundation; basic rule -
10 יצר תקדים
created a precedent -
11 לא נראתה כזאת
without precedent -
12 ללא תקדים
unprecedented, without precedent -
13 מקור היסטורי
historical precedent -
14 קודם
adv. before, previous, previously, ere————————former, previous, predecessor, prior, past, foregone, forehand, forerunner, late, precedent, preceding, antecedent, antecedental, antecessor, anterior -
15 תקדים מחייב
binding precedent -
16 אין II, איין
אַיִןII, אַיִין (b. h. אֵי; Nun emphat; cmp. אָן) where? (only with pref. מ or ל). לְאַ׳ whither? מֵאַ׳ whence? Y.Snh.X, 28d bot; Y. Ḥag.II, 77a bot. מא׳ ולא׳ whence and whither?Aboth III, 1. Gen. R. s. 2 מא׳ הרגלים whence art thou coming? i. e. where hast thou been staying?Y.Snh.X, 28b top היה לו מא׳ ללמוד he had (a precedent) to learn from.contr. of מן אין: מִנַיִן, v. מִן. -
17 אַיִן
אַיִןII, אַיִין (b. h. אֵי; Nun emphat; cmp. אָן) where? (only with pref. מ or ל). לְאַ׳ whither? מֵאַ׳ whence? Y.Snh.X, 28d bot; Y. Ḥag.II, 77a bot. מא׳ ולא׳ whence and whither?Aboth III, 1. Gen. R. s. 2 מא׳ הרגלים whence art thou coming? i. e. where hast thou been staying?Y.Snh.X, 28b top היה לו מא׳ ללמוד he had (a precedent) to learn from.contr. of מן אין: מִנַיִן, v. מִן. -
18 גרמא
גַּרְמָאch., constr. גֶּרֶם, גְּרַם same, 1) a bare twig, opp. כְּבָסָא. Macc.8a (Ms. M. גִּירְמָא). 2) bone. Targ. Gen. 2:23; a. fr. Targ. Y. Ex. 27:5 גומא read גַּר׳ or גּוּרְמָא.Gen. R. s. 70 (read as Yalk. ib. 124, cmp. Dan. 6:25) כהדין ג׳ אנא מהדק לך like a bone I shall crush thee. Ber.5b; B. Bath. 116a, v. בִּיר.Pl. גַּרְמַיָּא, גַּרְמֵי. Targ. Gen. l. c. גַּרְמַי (Y. גְּרָמַי). Targ. Ezek. 37:4; a. fr.Targ. Y. Ex. 38:4 (read:) גּוּמְרַיָּא וְגַרְמַיָּא or גורמיא וגומריא, v. supra.B. Bath.58a חביתא דג׳ a vessel of bones (an enigmatical phrase for an animal). Ib. 22a, v. גְּרַם II.Bets.11a תברא ג׳ a block on which bones are chopped; a. fr. 3) body, self. ג׳ ג׳ each for itself, one after the other. Ib. 11b. Ḥull.113a.With suffixes of personal pronouns: גַּרְמִי myself Targ. Job 1:3 לגַרְמֵיה as his own, לגֶרֶם אתתיה (Ms. לגְרַם) as his wifes sole property. Targ. Y. Lev. 7:29 בגַרְמֵיה himself; a. fr.Gen. R. s. 75, beg., v. גַּפָּא I. Y.Ber.III, 6c bot. קטר גרמיה tied himself; a. fr.Ber.48a, a. fr. לג׳ הוא דעבד he did so for himself, i. e. this is no authoritative precedent.Y.Orl.I, 61a top ג׳ אמר he gave his own opinion. Y.Erub.III, 21a bot. בשם גרמיה in his own name; Y.Kidd.II, 63a top.Y.Keth.III, end, 28a כל גַּרְמָהּ אמרה this very fact (thing) proves; Y.Shebu.V, end, 36c; Y.Keth.IX, beg.32d; Y.Pes.IX, end, 37a כל גרמא (corr. acc.). -
19 גַּרְמָא
גַּרְמָאch., constr. גֶּרֶם, גְּרַם same, 1) a bare twig, opp. כְּבָסָא. Macc.8a (Ms. M. גִּירְמָא). 2) bone. Targ. Gen. 2:23; a. fr. Targ. Y. Ex. 27:5 גומא read גַּר׳ or גּוּרְמָא.Gen. R. s. 70 (read as Yalk. ib. 124, cmp. Dan. 6:25) כהדין ג׳ אנא מהדק לך like a bone I shall crush thee. Ber.5b; B. Bath. 116a, v. בִּיר.Pl. גַּרְמַיָּא, גַּרְמֵי. Targ. Gen. l. c. גַּרְמַי (Y. גְּרָמַי). Targ. Ezek. 37:4; a. fr.Targ. Y. Ex. 38:4 (read:) גּוּמְרַיָּא וְגַרְמַיָּא or גורמיא וגומריא, v. supra.B. Bath.58a חביתא דג׳ a vessel of bones (an enigmatical phrase for an animal). Ib. 22a, v. גְּרַם II.Bets.11a תברא ג׳ a block on which bones are chopped; a. fr. 3) body, self. ג׳ ג׳ each for itself, one after the other. Ib. 11b. Ḥull.113a.With suffixes of personal pronouns: גַּרְמִי myself Targ. Job 1:3 לגַרְמֵיה as his own, לגֶרֶם אתתיה (Ms. לגְרַם) as his wifes sole property. Targ. Y. Lev. 7:29 בגַרְמֵיה himself; a. fr.Gen. R. s. 75, beg., v. גַּפָּא I. Y.Ber.III, 6c bot. קטר גרמיה tied himself; a. fr.Ber.48a, a. fr. לג׳ הוא דעבד he did so for himself, i. e. this is no authoritative precedent.Y.Orl.I, 61a top ג׳ אמר he gave his own opinion. Y.Erub.III, 21a bot. בשם גרמיה in his own name; Y.Kidd.II, 63a top.Y.Keth.III, end, 28a כל גַּרְמָהּ אמרה this very fact (thing) proves; Y.Shebu.V, end, 36c; Y.Keth.IX, beg.32d; Y.Pes.IX, end, 37a כל גרמא (corr. acc.). -
20 דור
דּוֹרm. (b. h., דּוּר I) (circle, period, cmp. גִּיל) generation, contemporaries. Arakh.17a ד׳ לפי פרנס as the leader so the generation; a. v. fr.ד׳ הפלגה the generation which witnessed the separation of races; ד׳ המבול which perished in the flood; ד׳ המדבר which perished in the desert, Snh.X, 3 (107b, sq.); a. fr.Pl. דּוֹרוֹת. Ib. 99a; a. fr.לַדּוֹרוֹת for all time to come; permanent, opp. לשעה, הוראת שעה, a temporary ordinance. Ib. 16b (ref. to Num. 7:1) אותם במשיחה ולא לד׳וכ׳ only they were installed with ointment, but not as a precedent for future installations; a. fr.Men.19b, a. e. ד׳ משעה לא ילפינן a permanent law cannot be derived from a special temporary legislation.פסח ד׳ annual Passover celebration, opp. to פסח מצרים the one observed in Epypt. Pes.IX, 5; a. fr.
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