prŏ-hĭbĕo

prŏ-hĭbĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2 (old forms, prohibessis, Cato, R. R. 141, 2; Enn. ap. Prob. ad Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 323 Vahl.):

prohibessit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 11:

prohibessint,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3 fin.), v. a. [habeo], to hold in front, i. e.,

To hold back, keep in check, to restrain, hinder, prevent, avert, keep or ward off, debar (class.; cf.: inhibeo, arceo).

In gen.; usually constr. aliquem or aliquid, with abl.; alone or ab and abl.; with ut, ne, quominus, or an obj.-clause; also with simple acc.; less freq. with de, the dat., or gen.

With ab:

quo illum ab illā prohibeas,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 103:

prohibete a vobis vim meam,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 24:

praedones procul ab insulā Siciliā,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 64, § 144:

hostem a pugnā,

Caes. B. G. 4, 34:

aliquem a familiaritate, congressione, patrio jure et potestate,

Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 46:

vim hostium ab oppidis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11:

se suosque ab injuriā,

to restrain themselves, refrain from, id. ib. 2, 28 fin.:

ita prohibendo a delictis magis quam vindicando exercitum brevi confirmavit,

Sall. J. 45, 3; 22, 4. —

With de: vim de classe, Lucil. ap. Non 528, 10.—

With abl.:

cum suis finibus eos prohibent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

itinere exercitum,

to impede its march, id. ib. 1, 10:

hostem rapinis, pabulationibus populationibusque,

id. ib. 1, 15.—With abl. without an object: non prohibere aquā profluente, Cic. Off. 1, 16, 52.—

With dat.:

aliquem alicui,

to withhold from one, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 7; cf.:

aditum alicui, Auct. B. Afr. 31: captae prohibere nequiret Cum Poenos aquilae,

could not prevent the Carthaginians from capturing the standard, Sil. 6, 27 (but the gen., Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 26; Caes. B. C. 3, 44, depends on the acc. object of prohibere; v. 7 infra).—

With ut, ne, quominus; rarely with quin:

dii prohibeant, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:

qui tu id prohibere me potes, ne suspicer,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 50 Brix ad loc.:

quod potuisti prohibere, ne fieret,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 33:

ne lustrum perficeret, mors prohibuit P. Furi,

Liv. 24, 43, 4:

hiemem credo adhuc prohibuisse, quo minus, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 1:

prohibere quominus sumerent, non poterant,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 34:

si prohibere, quominus in unum coirent, non posset,

Liv. 25, 35, 6:

nec, quin erumperet, ubi vellet, prohiberi poterat,

id. 26, 40, 4.—

With obj.-clause:

qui peregrinos urbibus uti prohibent,

Cic. Off. 3, 11, 47:

qui Bibulum exire domo prohibuissent,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 7:

jam se ad prohibenda circumdari opera Aequi parabant,

Liv. 3, 28, 7:

prohibuit migrari, Veios,

id. 5, 49, 8:

prohibete jus de pecuniis dici,

id. 6, 18, 14; 6, 20, 6:

audeat Canuleius proloqui, se delectum haberi prohibiturum,

Liv. 4, 2, 12; 25, 4, 4; 25, 14, 7:

qui Cimbros intra fines suos ingredi prohibuerint,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4; Verg. A. 6, 606.—

With simple acc.: Mars pater, ut tu morbos visos invisosque, viduertatem vastitudinemque... prohibessis, defendas averruncesque, an old formula of prayer in Cato, R. R. 141:

neque munitiones Caesaris prohibere poterat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 44:

motus conatusque alicujus prohibere,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 26:

prohibenda maxime est ira in puniendo,

id. Off. 1, 25, 89:

quod uti prohibitum irem, quod in me esset, meo labori non parsi, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.: prohibere comitia dicitur vitiare diem morbo,

Fest. p. 236 ib.; Cato ap. Fest. l. l.: quod di prohibeant, which may the gods forbid or avert, Ter. And. 3, 3, 36;

and in the same sense: dii mala prohibeant,

id. Hec. 2, 1, 10; cf.: di, prohibete minas;

di, talem avertite casum,

Verg. A. 3, 265; and:

deos quaeso, ut istaec prohibeant,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 11.—

In partic., to forbid, prohibit a thing (syn.:

interdico, veto): tu modo ne me prohibeas accipere, siquid det mihi,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 89:

nemo hic prohibet nec vetat,

id. Curc. 1, 1, 33:

lex recta imperans prohibensque contraria,

Cic. N. D. 1, 14, 36:

sed dii et homines prohibuere redemptos vivere Romanos,

Liv. 5, 49, 1; Quint. 5, 10, 104; cf.:

Athenis affectus movere per praeconem prohibebatur orator,

the orator was forbidden, id. 6, 1, 7:

prohibitis abstinere,

Sen. Ep. 83, 18.—

To keep away from a thing for the sake of safety (cf. defendo, II.), to keep, preserve, defend, protect (rare but class.); with ab:

a quo periculo prohibete rem publicam,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

adultam virginem ab armatorum impetu,

id. Brut. 96, 330.—With abl.:

haec damna multa mulierum Me uxore prohibent,

keep me from a wife, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 105:

magnum civium numerum calamitate prohibere,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 18:

tenuiores injuriā,

id. Off. 2, 12, 31:

ad prohibendam populationibus Campaniam,

Liv. 22, 14, 2.—With double acc.:

id te Juppiter Prohibessit,

from that may Jupiter preserve you, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 11.

ăd-hĭbĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a. [habeo], to hold toward or to, to turn, bring, add to; with ad, in, dat. or absol.

In gen.

Lit.:

cur non adhibuisti, dum istaec loquereris, tympanum,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 38:

huc adhibete aurīs (ad ea) quae ego loquar,

id. Ps. 1, 2, 20:

ad mea formosos vultus adhibete carmina,

Ov. Am. 2, 1, 37; cf. ib. 13, 15:

manus medicas ad vulnera,

Verg. G. 3, 455:

odores ad deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 40:

quos negat ad panem adhibere quidquam, praeter nasturtium,

to eat with it, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34:

alicui calcaria,

id. Brut. 56 (cf. addere calcar, v. addo):

manus genibus adhibet, i. e. admovet, genua amplexatur,

Ov. M. 9, 216:

vincula captis,

to put them on them, id. F. 3, 293.—

Trop.:

metum ut mihi adhibeam,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 20; cf. Quint. 1, 3, 15:

nunc animum nobis adhibe veram ad rationem,

Lucr. 2, 1023; Cic. Har. Resp. 10, 20:

vacuas aurīs adhibe ad veram rationem,

Lucr. 1, 51; cf. Ov. M. 15, 238; Verg. A. 11, 315:

ut oratio, quae lumen adhibere rebus debet, ea obscuritatem afferat,

Cic. de Or. 3, 13, 50:

est ea (oratio) quidem utilior, sed raro proficit neque est ad vulgus adhibenda,

id. Tusc. 4, 28, 60:

adhibere cultus, honores, preces, diis immortalibus,

id. N. D. 1, 2; cf. Tac. A. 14, 53:

alicui voluptates,

Cic. Mur. 35:

consolationem,

id. Brut. 96:

omnes ii motus, quos orator adhibere volet judici,

which the orator may wish to communicate to the judge, id. de Or. 2, 45 al. —Hence = addere, adjungere, to add to:

uti quattuor initiis rerum illis quintam hanc naturam non adhiberet,

Cic. Ac. 1, 11, 39:

ad domesticorum majorumque morem etiam hanc a Socrate adventitiam doctrinam adhibuerunt,

id. Rep. 3, 3.

Esp.

Of persons, to bring one to a place, to summon, to employ (cf. the Engl. to have one up):

hoc temere numquam amittam ego a me, quin mihi testes adhibeam,

Ter. Ph. 4, 5, 2; so Cic. Fin. 2, 21; Tac. A. 15, 14:

medicum,

Cic. Fat. 12:

leges, ad quas (sc. defendendas) adhibemur,

we are summoned, id. Clu. 52:

nec, quoniam apud Graecos judices res agetur, poteris adhibere Demosthenem,

id. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

adhibebitur heros,

shall be brought upon the stage, Hor. A. P. 227:

castris adhibere socios et foedera jungere,

Verg. A. 8, 56:

aliquem in partem periculi,

Ov. M. 11, 447:

in auxilium,

Just. 3, 6.—

Adhibere ad or in consilium, to send for one in order to receive counsel from him, to consult one:

neque hos ad concilium adhibendos censeo,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 3:

in consilium,

Plin. Ep. 6, 11, 1; so also absol.:

a tuis reliquis non adhibemur,

we are not consulted, Cic. Fam. 4, 7; so ib. 10, 25; 11, [p. 35] 7; id. Off. 3, 20; id. Phil. 5, 9; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; Suet. Claud. 35; cf. Cortius ad Sall. J. 113, and ad Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 15.—But sometimes adhibere in consilium = admittere in cons., to admit to a consultation. —So trop.:

est tuum, sic agitare animo, ut non adhibeas in consilium cogitationum tuarum desperationem aut timorem,

Cic. Fam. 6, 1.—

Adhibere aliquem cenae, epulis, etc., to invite to a dinner, to a banquet, etc., to entertain:

adhibete Penatīs et patrios epulis, etc.,

Verg. A. 5, 62; so Hor. C. 4, 5, 32; Suet. Caes. 73; Aug. 74: in convivium, Nep. praef. 7.—And absol., to receive, to treat:

quos ego universos adhiberi liberaliter dico oportere,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 5:

Quintum filium severius adhibebo,

id. Att. 10, 12.—

Adhibere se ad aliquid, to betake or apply one's self to a thing, i. e. to devote attention to it:

adhibere se remotum a curis veram ad rationem,

Lucr. 1, 44 (cf. above I. A.); and absol.: adhibere se, to appear or to behave one's self in any manner:

permagni est hominis, sic se adhibere in tanta potestate, ut nulla alia potestas ab iis, quibus ipse praeest, desideretur,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7.—

Adhibere aliquid ad aliquid, alicui rei, or with in and abl., to put a thing to a determinate use, to apply, to use or employ for or in any thing definite (therefore, with intention and deliberation; on the contr., usurpare denotes merely momentary use; cf. Cic. Lael. 2, 8; and uti, use that arises from some necessity, Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 20):

adhibere omnem diligentiam ad convalescendum,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9; cf. ib. 6; Nep. Att. 21:

cautionem privatis rebus suis,

Cic. Att. 1, 19:

medicinam aegroto,

id. ib. 16, 15:

humatis titulum, i. e. inscriptionem addere,

Liv. 26, 25:

belli necessitatibus patientiam,

id. 5, 6:

fraudem testamento,

Suet. Dom. 2:

curam viis,

id. Vesp. 5:

fidem et diligentiam in amicorum periculis,

Cic. Clu. 42, 118:

misericordiam in fortunis alicujus et sapientiam in salute reip.,

id. Rab. Perd. 2:

flores in causis,

id. Or. 19:

curam in valetudine tuenda,

Cels. 3, 18; and with de:

curam de aliqua re,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 3: modum, to set a limit to, to set bounds to:

vitio,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17:

sumptibus,

Suet. Ner. 16: cf. id. Aug. 100; id. Tib. 34:

voluptati,

Quint. 9, 3, 74:

memoriam contumeliae,

to retain it in memory, Nep. Epam. 7.—

Adhibere aliquid, in gen., to use, employ, exercise:

neque quisquam parsimoniam adhibet,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 79:

fidem,

id. Rud. 4, 3, 104:

celeritatem,

Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 2:

calumniam, fraudem, dolum, id. Auct. Or. pro Dom. 14, 36: modum quemdam,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 38; Suet. Calig. 2:

nulla arte adhibita,

Caes. B. C. 3, 26:

sollertiam, Tibull. 3, 4, 75: querelas,

Plin. Ep. 1, 12:

adhibere moram = differre,

Pompon. Dig. 18, 6, 16.—

In later Lat.: alicui aliquem, to bring up, quote one to another as authority for an assertion:

is nos aquam multam ex diluta nive bibentis coërcebat, severiusque increpabat adhibebatque nobis auctoritates nobilium medicorum,

Gell. 19, 5, 3.

ex-hĭbĕo ( ex-ibeo, v. Brix. ad Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 37), ŭi, itum, 2, v. a. [habeo; lit., to hold out, reach out; hence],

To hold forth, tender, present; to deliver, give up, produce (class.; syn.: praebeo, porrigo, praesto, tribuo, ministro, do, dono, dedo, etc.).

Lit.: ait Praetor: QVEM HOMINEM DOLO MALO RETINES, EXHIBEAS.... Exhibere est in publicum producere, et videndi tangendique hominis facultatem praebere;

proprie autem exhibere est extra secretum habere,

Dig. 43, 29, 1 and 3, § 8: jam periculum est ne cogantur ad exhibendum formulam accipere, i. e. to acknowledge legal notice, etc. Sen. Ep. 50, 1:

alicui omnia integra,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 63:

exhibe librarium illud legum vestrarum,

id. Mil. 12, 33:

pallium,

Petr. 15:

tabulas testamenti,

Suet. Vit. 14:

rationes,

Dig. 40, 5, 41 fin.:

fratres exhibe,

Cic. Fl. 15, 35; so,

fugitivos apud magistratus,

Dig. 11, 4, 1:

aliquem apud acta,

ib. 2, 4, 17:

debitorem in judicium,

ib. 12, 2, 28 quadringentos senatores ad ferrum, Suet. Ner. 12 et saep.:

vias tutas,

i. e. to make safe, Ov. Pont. 4, 5, 34:

toros,

i. e. to furnish, allow, id. H. 17, 194:

exhibuit querulos ore gemente sonos,

uttered, id. Tr. 3, 11, 54.—

Transf.

To show, to display, to exhibit:

exhibuit gemino praesignia tempora cornu,

Ov. M. 15, 611:

notam linguae,

id. ib. 14, 526: exhibuit linguam paternam, displayed, i. e. used the language of her father, id. ib. 6, 213:

faciem sucumque,

Plin. 15, 13, 12, § 41:

malui me tribunum omnibus exhibere quam paucis advocatum,

Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 4:

se ministratorem alicui,

Suet. Vit. 17:

se adorandum adeuntibus,

id. Calig. 22 (but not in Cic. Sest. 50, 107, where the right reading is praebuit, v. Halm. ad h. l.).—In the latter (reflexive) sense sometimes without se:

quid me putas populo nostro exhibiturum?

how I shall exhibit, show myself, Cic. Ac. 1, 5, 18; cf.:

qui vere civilem virum exhibeat,

shows, proves himself, Quint. 12, 2, 7 Spald.; Ov. M. 6, 44:

pro fratre hostem exhibuit,

Just. 27, 2.—

To show, confer (late Lat.):

alicui honorem,

Aug. Serm. 46, 7.—

To maintain, support, sustain (post-class.;

esp. freq. in jurid. Lat.): si quis a liberis ali desideret, vel liberi, ut a parente exhibeantur,

Dig. 25, 3, 5; so,

aliquem,

ib. 1, 12, 1; 3, 5, 33 al.; cf.:

Scythas alimentis,

Just. 9, 2:

vitam,

id. 11, 10; 22, 1.

To show, exhibit, employ; to procure, occasion, cause:

rem salvam exhibebo,

I will set it all right, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 51: quorum virtus exhibet solidum decus, Phaedr. 4, 23, 24:

vocis fidem,

id. 3, 19 Epil. 9:

munificentiam,

Suet. Tib. 48:

liberalitatem, clementiam, comitatem,

id. Ner. 10; cf.:

liberalitatem et justitiam,

Plin. Pan. 33, 2:

vicem spodii,

i.e. to supply the place of, Plin. 23, 7, 63, § 125; cf.:

vicem testamenti,

Dig. 29, 6, 16:

humanitatem,

to exercise, exhibit, Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 2:

diligentiam,

Dig. 18, 6, 2:

imperium,

to exercise, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 57:

alicui molestiam,

to cause, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 2; Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 3; id. Capt. 4, 2, 37:

negotium hominibus,

to produce, occasion, id. Poen. 1, 2, 30; cf.:

qui deum nihil habere ipsum negotii (dicunt), nihil exhibere alteri,

Cic. Off. 3, 28, 102; id. ib. 3, 31, 112:

negotium alicui,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 14; id. Most. 3, 1, 38; id. Men. 5, 9, 13; id. Pers. 2, 5, 14;

and once reflexively: jam se exhibebit hic mihi negotium,

will present itself, id. Rud. 2, 6, 72:

argutias mihi,

id. Most. 1, 1, 2:

difficilem laborem alicui,

Col. 5, 5, 17:

curam alicui,

Tib. 2, 1, 61 et saep.

ex-hĭbĕo ( ex-ibeo, v. Brix. ad Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 37), ŭi, itum, 2, v. a. [habeo; lit., to hold out, reach out; hence],

To hold forth, tender, present; to deliver, give up, produce (class.; syn.: praebeo, porrigo, praesto, tribuo, ministro, do, dono, dedo, etc.).

Lit.: ait Praetor: QVEM HOMINEM DOLO MALO RETINES, EXHIBEAS.... Exhibere est in publicum producere, et videndi tangendique hominis facultatem praebere;

proprie autem exhibere est extra secretum habere,

Dig. 43, 29, 1 and 3, § 8: jam periculum est ne cogantur ad exhibendum formulam accipere, i. e. to acknowledge legal notice, etc. Sen. Ep. 50, 1:

alicui omnia integra,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 63:

exhibe librarium illud legum vestrarum,

id. Mil. 12, 33:

pallium,

Petr. 15:

tabulas testamenti,

Suet. Vit. 14:

rationes,

Dig. 40, 5, 41 fin.:

fratres exhibe,

Cic. Fl. 15, 35; so,

fugitivos apud magistratus,

Dig. 11, 4, 1:

aliquem apud acta,

ib. 2, 4, 17:

debitorem in judicium,

ib. 12, 2, 28 quadringentos senatores ad ferrum, Suet. Ner. 12 et saep.:

vias tutas,

i. e. to make safe, Ov. Pont. 4, 5, 34:

toros,

i. e. to furnish, allow, id. H. 17, 194:

exhibuit querulos ore gemente sonos,

uttered, id. Tr. 3, 11, 54.—

Transf.

To show, to display, to exhibit:

exhibuit gemino praesignia tempora cornu,

Ov. M. 15, 611:

notam linguae,

id. ib. 14, 526: exhibuit linguam paternam, displayed, i. e. used the language of her father, id. ib. 6, 213:

faciem sucumque,

Plin. 15, 13, 12, § 41:

malui me tribunum omnibus exhibere quam paucis advocatum,

Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 4:

se ministratorem alicui,

Suet. Vit. 17:

se adorandum adeuntibus,

id. Calig. 22 (but not in Cic. Sest. 50, 107, where the right reading is praebuit, v. Halm. ad h. l.).—In the latter (reflexive) sense sometimes without se:

quid me putas populo nostro exhibiturum?

how I shall exhibit, show myself, Cic. Ac. 1, 5, 18; cf.:

qui vere civilem virum exhibeat,

shows, proves himself, Quint. 12, 2, 7 Spald.; Ov. M. 6, 44:

pro fratre hostem exhibuit,

Just. 27, 2.—

To show, confer (late Lat.):

alicui honorem,

Aug. Serm. 46, 7.—

To maintain, support, sustain (post-class.;

esp. freq. in jurid. Lat.): si quis a liberis ali desideret, vel liberi, ut a parente exhibeantur,

Dig. 25, 3, 5; so,

aliquem,

ib. 1, 12, 1; 3, 5, 33 al.; cf.:

Scythas alimentis,

Just. 9, 2:

vitam,

id. 11, 10; 22, 1.

To show, exhibit, employ; to procure, occasion, cause:

rem salvam exhibebo,

I will set it all right, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 51: quorum virtus exhibet solidum decus, Phaedr. 4, 23, 24:

vocis fidem,

id. 3, 19 Epil. 9:

munificentiam,

Suet. Tib. 48:

liberalitatem, clementiam, comitatem,

id. Ner. 10; cf.:

liberalitatem et justitiam,

Plin. Pan. 33, 2:

vicem spodii,

i.e. to supply the place of, Plin. 23, 7, 63, § 125; cf.:

vicem testamenti,

Dig. 29, 6, 16:

humanitatem,

to exercise, exhibit, Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 2:

diligentiam,

Dig. 18, 6, 2:

imperium,

to exercise, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 57:

alicui molestiam,

to cause, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 2; Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 3; id. Capt. 4, 2, 37:

negotium hominibus,

to produce, occasion, id. Poen. 1, 2, 30; cf.:

qui deum nihil habere ipsum negotii (dicunt), nihil exhibere alteri,

Cic. Off. 3, 28, 102; id. ib. 3, 31, 112:

negotium alicui,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 14; id. Most. 3, 1, 38; id. Men. 5, 9, 13; id. Pers. 2, 5, 14;

and once reflexively: jam se exhibebit hic mihi negotium,

will present itself, id. Rud. 2, 6, 72:

argutias mihi,

id. Most. 1, 1, 2:

difficilem laborem alicui,

Col. 5, 5, 17:

curam alicui,

Tib. 2, 1, 61 et saep.