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1 χοῖρος
χοῖρος, ου, ὁ (Hom. et al.; ins, pap; Sym. Is 65:4 and 66:3) ‘young swine’ then swine gener. (so Epict. 4, 11, 29; Plut., Cicero 864 [7, 6]; BGU 92, 7 [II A.D.]; 649, 7 al. in pap; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 137; TestJud 2:5) Mt 8:30–32; Mk 5:11–13, 16 (AHarnack, Zu Mk 5:11–13: ZNW 8, 1907, 162; OBauernfeind, Die Worte der Dämonen im Mt 1927); Lk 8:32f; 15:15f. W. dogs: as unclean animals Ox 840, 33 (JJeremias, ConNeot 11, ’47, 105: fig.); in a proverb Mt 7:6 (Theophyl. Sim., Ep. 20 τὰ δῶρα τοῖς χοίροις διένειμε; FPerles, ZNW 25, 1926, 163f; APerry, ET 46, ’35, 381). The prohibition against eating pork, and its interpretation B 10:1, 3ab, 10.—On swine and adherents of Mosaic dietary law s. Billerb. I 448ff; 492f; KRengstorf, Rabb. Texte 1. Reihe III ’33ff, p. 36f.—Kl. Pauly V 43–47; BHHW III 1748f.—B. 161. DELG. M-M. -
2 περκνός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `spotted, having dark spots', also as name of a kind of eagle (Ω 316, Hp., Arist.).Derivatives: ἐπί-περκνος `somewhat spotted' (X.,; Strömberg Prefix Studies 105). - Beside it πέρκος m. `kind of eagle' (Arist.), πέρκη f. `redfin perch, Perca fluviatilis' (Emp., Com., Arist.) with - ίς, - ίον, - ίδιον (Com., pap., Dsc.); περκάς adj. f., attribute of κίχλη, prob. as fishname (Eratosth.). Denominatives. a. περκάζω, - ομαι, also w. ὑπο-, ἐπι-, ἐν-, `to start getting dark spots, to start ripening', act. also `to colour dark' (η 126, Thphr., LXX); b. περκαίνω, - ομαι ( ἐμ-) `id.' (E., H.); c. ἀπο-περκόομαι `to become dark', of ripening grapes (S. Fr. 255, 6). Here περκώματα τὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ προσώπου ποικίλματα H.; after Krahe IF 58, 225 also Περκώτη f. town in Mysia. -- Beside it 1. with zerograde: πρακνόν μέλανα H.; 2. with diff., prob. secondary full grade: πρεκνόν ποικιλόχροον ἔλαφον H., to which 3. with o-ablaut πρόξ, - κός f. (s. v.) and προκάς f. `deer- or roe-like animal', Πρόκνη PN "the nightingale" or "swallow", Radke P.-W. 23, 250; 4. with lengthened grade πρωξ, - κός f. `drop of dew' (s. v.).Etymology: The substantival πέρκος, πέρκη presuppose an adj. *περκός, to which f. περκάς, as λεῦκος, λεύκη from λευκός, f. λευκάς. From *περκός also περκ-άζω, - αίνω, - όομαι (like λευκ-αίνω a.o.). Beside it with ν-suffix περκ-νός like the synonymous ἐρεμ-νός, κελαι-νός a.o. (Chantraine Form. 194; cf. below). -- Old inherited family with representatives in several languages, where esp. the many animal names are remarkable. With πρακνόν agree except for the ending both Skt. pŕ̥śni-'spotted, variegated' as a Germ. name of the trout, OHG forhana (to which with l-suffix the dimin. Forelle), OE forn(e) f., IE *pr̥ḱ-n-. A full grade agreement gives the Swed. fishname färna f., IE *perḱ-n- like περκ-ν-ός. With *περκός, πέρκος a Celt. word can be identified: MIr. erc (Wesh erch) `spotted, dark-red', as subst. `salmon, trout', also `cow, lizard'. -- Another representative is the Germ. word for `vatiegated, colourful' and `colour' in OHG faro, farawa, IE *porḱ-u̯ó-; one must certainly also consider Lat. pulc(h)er `beautiful' from * pelc-ro-s or * polc-ro-s (with dissim.); IE *perḱ-, resp. *porḱ- or *pr̥ḱ-. On the formation also Borgström NTS 16, 141 f. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 45 f., Pok. 820f., W.-Hofmann s. pulc(h)er and 2. porcus. Older lit. also in Bq. Cf. also πάπραξ.Page in Frisk: 2,515-516Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > περκνός
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3 μάκελλον
μάκελλον, ου, τό (not originally a Lat. word taken into Gk. [as Rob. 109], since it is quotable in Gk. fr. c. 400 B.C. in an ins fr. Epidaurus [GDI III/1, 3325=IG IV2/1, 102, 107; 296; 298; 301 in the form μάκελλον w. the mng. ‘enclosure, grating’]. The sense ‘meat market’ is found for the Lat. macellum Plautus and Terence+ [III/II B.C.]; the earliest Gk. ex. of μ. in this sense is SIG 783 [IG V/2, 268], 45 [I B.C.] where it is masc., μάκελλος, as also schol. on Aristoph., Eq. 137; Vi. Aesopi G 51 P.; cp. macellus in Martial, and Sahidic and Bohairic versions of 1 Cor 10:25. S. Cadbury below 134 n. 2. Elsewh. the word is neut. [so also Peshîttâ and Harclean Syriac] or the gender cannot be determined. μ. may have reëntered H. Gk. in this new sense; so Hahn 249 n. 6. For the view that μ. may be of Semitic origin [AWalde, IndogF 39, 1921, 82; B-D-F §5, 1 app.], though Doric-Ionic acc. to Varro, De Lingua Lat. 5, 146 Goetz-Schoell, s. JSchneider, TW IV 373f.—Plut., Mor. 277d; Cass. Dio 61, 18, 3 τ. ἀγορὰν τῶν ὀψῶν, τὸ μάκελλον; Vita Aesopi G 51 ὁ μάκελλος where pork is for sale; IG V/1, 149; 150; SIG 783, 45 [μάκελλος]; BCH 17, 1893, 261; 20, 1896, 126; PHerm127 [3] verso, 5) meat market, food market (s. the plan of one at Pompeii in AMau, Pompeji2 1908, 90–97, fr. here in Ltzm., Hdb. on 1 Cor 10:25. Also HCadbury, The Macellum of Corinth: JBL 53, ’34, 134–41 w. a Lat. ins found at Corinth containing the word ‘macellum’: Corinth, Results of Excavations VIII/2, ’31, no. 124; 125) τὸ ἐν μ. πωλούμενον ἐσθίειν eat what is sold in the meat market 1 Cor 10:25.—B. 365. DELG. M-M. TW. -
4 δημός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `fatt of animals and men' (Il.).Derivatives: No deriv. or compounds (prob. because of the identity with δῆμος).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Compared with Alb. dhjamë `fat, pork, tallow', but Demiraj Alb. Etymologien 161 thinks it may be non-IE. Hardly just `fluidity, wetness'. Connection with the Indo-Iran. word for `fluidity' e. g. Skt. dā́-nu- `drip, dew', Av. dā-nu- `river, stream', Osset. don `water, river' is also not convincing. See Pok. 175.Page in Frisk: 1,381Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δημός
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5 πόρπη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `clasp' (Il.).Derivatives: πορπίον, - άω, - ημα, - όομαι, - ωμα; with κ-suffix πόρπᾱξ, -ᾱκος m. ring or loop on the inner (bulging) side of a shield (B., S., E. Ar), part of the headgear of a horse (E. Rh. 385) with -ᾱκιζομαι (Ar.); prop. Dorian expression, s. Chantraine Form. 381, Björck Alpha impurum 296f.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The word has been interpreted as `broken' reduplication of πείρω (Bq., WP 2, 39, Schwyzer 423), or from *pork-u̯ā to πόρκης (WP 2, 39, Hofm. 280). -- Furnée 163 connects πορφὶτῳ περόνῃ H. and concludes that the word is Pre-Greek.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πόρπη
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