periodical

περιοδιζούσᾱς, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act fem acc pl (attic epic doric ionic)

περιοδιζούσᾱς, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act fem gen sg (doric)

περϊοδιζούσᾱς, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act fem acc pl (attic epic doric ionic)

περϊοδιζούσᾱς, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act fem gen sg (doric)

περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act masc /neut gen pl

περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres imperat act 3rd pl

περϊοδιζόντων, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act masc /neut gen pl

περϊοδιζόντων, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres imperat act 3rd pl

περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres ind mp 2nd sg

περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres ind act 3rd sg

περϊοδίζει, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres ind mp 2nd sg

περϊοδίζει, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres ind act 3rd sg

περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act masc voc sg

περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg

περϊοδίζον, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act masc voc sg

περϊοδίζον, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg

περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc pl

περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act masc acc sg

περϊοδίζοντα, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc pl

περϊοδίζοντα, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act masc acc sg

περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act masc /neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic)

περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic)

περϊοδίζουσιν, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act masc /neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic)

περϊοδίζουσιν, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic)

περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act fem dat pl (attic epic doric ionic)

περϊοδιζούσαις, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act fem dat pl (attic epic doric ionic)

περιοδίζοῑ, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres opt act 3rd sg

περϊοδίζοῑ, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres opt act 3rd sg

περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act masc acc pl

περϊοδίζοντας, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act masc acc pl

περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act masc nom /voc pl

περϊοδίζοντες, περιοδίζω

to be periodical: pres part act masc nom /voc pl

καταβολ-ή, ἡ,

A throwing down: hence, sowing, Corp.Herm.9.6; esp. of begetting, κ. σπέρματος, σπερμάτων, Philol.13, Luc.Am.19, cf. Ep.Hebr.11.11, Arr.Epict.1.13.3; ἡ Ῥωμύλου σπορὰ καὶ κ. Plu.2.320b.

b congenital defect, ἀπὸ ξυγγενικῆς αἰτίας καὶ κ. Plu.Tim.37.

c Astrol., nativity, ἡ ἐξ ἀρχῆς κ. Vett.Val.220.29, al.

2 paying down, esp. by instalments, καταβάλλειν τὰς κ. D.59.27; τὸ ἀργύριον ἔφερε καταβολὴν τῇ πόλει paid money as a deposit (by way of caution), Docum.ib.37.22, cf.IG12(7).515.26 (Amorgos, ii B. C.), UPZ 112v12 (pl., ii B. C.), etc.;

ἔχειν τῆς γῆς.. καταβολήν

liability for rent,

PEleph. 23.17

(iii B. C.): pl., instalments, PLips.12.17 (iii A. D.), etc.

II laying of a foundation: hence, building, structure, LXX2 Ma.2.29;

τῆς ἀρχιτεκτονίας Bito 49.2

;

ἔργου J.AJ12.2.9

: but usu. metaph.,

1 foundation, beginning,

ἱερῶν ἀγώνων Pi.N.2.4

;

τῆς περιόδου Arist.Mete. 352b15

;

κ. ἐποιεῖτο καὶ θεμέλιον ὑπεβάλλετο τυραννίδος Plb.13.6.2

;

κ. κόσμου Ev.Matt.13.35

,Ep.Eph.1.4;

κ.κοσμική Cat.Cod.Astr.8(3).138

(Thessal.);

ἡ πρώτη κ. τῆς φιλοσόφου θεωρίας Procl.

in Alc.Praef.p.8C.; ἐκ καταβολῆς from the foundations: hence, anew, σκάφη ἐκ κ. ἐναυπηγοῦντο, of fresh construction, Plb.1.36.8; ἐκ κ. πλάττων, of pure invention, Id.15.25.35: hence, of set purpose, deliberately, Id.1.47.7, 24.8.9.

2 = θυσία, τελετή, Hsch., cf. κατηβολή.

III periodical attack of illness, fit,

τῆς ἀσθενείας Pl.Grg. 519a

, cf.

κατηβολή; πυρετοῦ D.9.29

, Ph.1.399, 2.563, cf. Aristid.Or.50(26).59, Id.2.166J.; trance, Poll.1.16; cf. Lat. catabolicus.

IV detraction, abuse, Phld.Rh.2.56S.: pl., Ph.2.571 codd.

V perh. outer wrapper (cf.

κατάβλημα 11.4

) of a bandage, Hp.Off.9.

περιοδ-ίζω,

A to be periodical, esp. in [tense] pres. part.,

π. ἐπιτάσεις καὶ ἀνέσεις Str.7.2.1

; of fevers, intermittent, Ph.2.576, Gal.10.627.

περιοδ-ικός, ή, όν,

A acquired in one's travels,

ἱστορία Ptol.Geog.1.2.2

.

II periodical,

ἀριθμὸς π. σελήνης Plu.2.1018d

;

ὧραι Vett.Val.243.13

; recurrent, intermittent,

νόσοι Chrysipp.Stoic.3.116

; ῥίγη, πυρετοί, Dsc.1.51, 3.81 ;

περιστάσεις Ptol.Tetr.54

([comp] Comp.);

πυρετοῦ λῆψις Tim.Lex.

s.v. καταβολή, cf. Harp., Suid., etc. Adv. -

κῶς Chrysipp.Stoic.3.117

, Herod.Med. ap. Orib.10.37.18, Procl. Inst. 199, Aët.12.21.

III Rhet., periodic, κῶλα, συμμετρία, Demetr. Eloc.13,16 ;

σχῆμα Anon.Fig.p.112S.

Adv. -

κῶς, συγκεῖσθαι Demetr. Eloc.33

; λέγειν, ἑρμηνεύειν, Hermog.Inv.4.3,8.

IV π. μέτρον, i.e. a hexameter in which dactyls and spondees alternate, Ps.-Plu. Metr.2.

περίοδος, ὁ,

A one who goes the rounds, patrol, Aen.Tact.22.3, al., Rev.Arch.1911(2).424 (Mesembria, i B. C.).

------------------------------------

περίοδος ([dialect] Dor. [full] πέροδος, q.v.), ἡ,

A going round, marching round, flank march, τῶν Περσέων ἡ π. Hdt.7.219, 229 ;

π. καὶ κύκλωσις Th.4.35

.

2 slow walk, Gal.17(2).99.

3 passage of fluids, Aret. SD1.10, cf. Arist.Pr. 870a10.

II way round, Hdt.7.223 ;

λίμνης Id.1.185

; circumference, circuit, compass, σήματος, τείχεος, ib.93, 163 : abs., τὴν π. in circumference, Id.7.109.

III γῆς π. chart or map of the earth, Id.4.36, 5.49, Ar.Nu. 206, Arist.Mete. 362b12, Agathem.1.1 ; αἱ τῆς γῆς π. books of descriptive geography, Arist. Pol. 1262a19, Rh. 1360a34, Mete. 350a16.

IV going round in a circle, coming round to the starting-point, circuit, ἡ τοῦ τρίποδος π. Plu. Sol.4.

2 esp. of Time, cycle or period of time, πάσαις ἐτέων π. Pi. N.11.40; freq. in Pl., ἐν πολλαῖς χρόνου καὶ μακραῖς π. Phd. 107e ;

π. χιλιετής Phdr. 249a

: abs., R. 546b, Epicur.Ep.1p.27U. (pl.), etc.; κατὰ φύσιν π. Arist.GA 777b18; of the Great Year of the Stoics, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.189(pl.); ἐκ περιόδου periodically, in rotation, Heraclid.Pol.58, Plb.2.43.1, etc.;

ἐν περιόδῳ Plu.Eum.8

; esp. the period embracing the four great public games,

κατὰ τὰν π. ἑκάσταν IG9(1).694.31

(Corc.); ἐνίκησε τὴν π. Ath.10.415a; νικώμενος τὴν π. Arr. Epict.3.25.5, cf. Poll.4.89; v. περιοδονίκης.

3 of events, periodic recurrence, cycle, Isoc.15.174, Thphr.CP1.13.1.

b cycle, roster of public officials,

τῇ πρὸ ταύτης π. τῶν μελλόντων λειτουργεῖν POxy. 1119.6

(iii A. D.), cf. 1552.3 (iii A. D.).

4 Medic., a regular prescribed course of life, ἐν τῇ καθεστηκυίᾳ π. ζῆν to live in the regular course, Pl.R. 4073; αἱ ἰατρικαὶ π. the periodical visits of a regular physician, the doctor's rounds, Luc.Gall.23, cf. Nigr.22 : hence, medical practice, Heraclasap.Orib.48.18.2.

b the period of menstruation, Arist.GA 738a17.

c fit of intermittent fever, or the like , Hp. Aph.4.59 (pl.), D.9.19; ὁ ἐκ περιόδου πυρετός an intermittent fever, Luc.Philops.9.

5 course at dinner, X.Cyr.2.2.2 ; π. λόγων table-talk, Id.Smp.4.64.

6 orbit of a heavenly body, Id.Mem. 4.7.5 ; ἀστέρος κυκλικὴ π. Vett.Val.94.20; also θεριναὶ π., = τροπαί, Hp.Aër.19; revolution of a heavenly body, Epicur.Ep.1p.28U.

V survey in thought, ἡ ἅμα νοήματι π. τῶν κυριωτάτων ib.p.32U.

VI Rhet., period, Thrasymach. ap. Suid.s.v. Θρασύμαχος, etc.; defined as λέξις ἔχουσα ἀρχὴν καὶ τελευτὴν αὐτὴ καθ' αὑτὴν καὶ μέγεθος εὐσύνοπτον, Arist.Rh. 1409a35, etc.; also in Music and Metric, Heph.Poëm.3.5, Aristid.Quint.1.14.

VII vessel used in iron-founding, Arist.Fr. 261.

VIII entrance to a temple enclosure, IG11(2).158 A65 (Delos, iii B. C.).

IX = Lat. regio, π. Καρίας Maiuri Nuova Silloge 562 ([place name] Cos).

Παῦλος, ου, ὁ Paul, a Roman surname (never a praenomen), found in lit. (e.g. Diod S 14, 44, 1; 15, 76, 1), ins, pap; Mel., HE 4, 26, 3)

① Sergius Paulus s. Σέργιος.

② Paul, the apostle of Jesus Christ; fr. the beginning he bore the Israelite name Saul as well as the Graeco-Roman Paul (difft. e.g. HDessau, Her 45, 1910, 347–68 and EMeyer III 197; s. GHarrer, HTR 33, ’40, 19–33.—Σαούλ 2 and Σαῦλος), prob. born in Tarsus (s. Ταρσός), and perh. brought up there (but s. WvUnnik, Tarsus or Jerusalem, ’62), born a Roman citizen. He was educated in Mosaic tradition, but was not untouched by the syncretistic thought-world in which he lived. At first he was a zealous Pharisee and as such a vehement foe of Christians, but his perspective was changed by a vision of Jesus Christ (OKietzig, D. Bekehrg. d. Pls ’32; EPfaff, Die Bekehrg. d. hl. Pls in d. Exegese des 20. Jahrh. ’42; CBurchard, Der Dreizehnte Zeuge, ’70, 126 n. 278 [lit. since ’54]). Most prominent of the apostles to the nations/gentiles. As such he worked in Nabataean Arabia, Syria, and Cilicia, traveled through Cyprus, Asia Minor, Macedonia, and Greece, and planned a missionary journey via Italy to Spain (s. Σπανία). He was prevented fr. carrying out this plan (at least at this time) by his subsequent arrest in Jerusalem and the lawsuit connected w. it (NVeldhoen, Het Proces van den Ap. Pls 1924; ESpringer, D. Proz. des Ap. Pls: PJ 218, 1929, 182–96; HCadbury, Roman Law and the Trial of Paul: Beginn. I/5, ’33, 297–338). He reached Rome only as a prisoner (on the journey FDavies, St. Paul’s Voyage to Rome ’31), and was prob. executed there: Ac 9 and 13–28; Ro 1:1; 1 Cor 1:1, 12f; 3:4f, 22; 16:21; 2 Cor 1:1; 10:1; Gal 1:1; 5:2; Eph 1:1; 3:1; Phil 1:1; Col 1:1, 23; 4:18; 1 Th 1:1; 2:18; 2 Th 1:1; 3:17; 1 Ti 1:1; 2 Ti 1:1; Tit 1:1; Phlm 1, 9, 19; 2 Pt 3:15; Pol 9:1; (11:2, 3). AcPl Ant 13, 9 recto and 15 verso (= Aa I 237, 1f) and 66 times AcPl Ha, including once ὁ μακάριος Π. AcPl Ha 3, 27; the same 4 times in AcPlCor. ὁ μακάριος Π. ὁ ἀπόστολος 1 Cl 47:1. Π. ὁ ἡγιασμένος, ὁ μεμαρτυρημένος, ἀξιομακάριστος IEph 12:2. ὁ μακάριος καὶ ἔνδοξος Π. Pol 3:2. Mentioned w. Peter 1 Cl 5:5; IRo 4:3.—S. also ApcEsdr 5:22 p. 30, 24 Tdf.; with John ApcEsdr 1:19 p. 25, 13 Tdf.—CClemen, Paulus 1904, where the older lit. is given. Other lit. in RBultmann, TRu n.s. 6, ’34, 229–46; 8, ’36, 1–22; WLyons and MParvis, NT Literature 1943–45, ’48, 225–39; GBornkamm, RGG³ V, ’61, 189f; ABD s.v.—ADeissmann, Pls² 1925 (Eng. tr. WWilson 1926); EvDobschütz, Der Ap. Pls I 1926; LMurillo, Paulus 1926; KPieper, Pls., Seine missionarische Persönlichkeit u. Wirksamkeit^2,3 1929; EBaumann, Der hl. Pls 1927; PFeine, Der Ap. Pls 1927; RLiechtenhan, Pls 1928; HLietzmann, Gesch. d. Alten Kirche I ’32, 102–31; JStewart, A Man in Christ ’36; CScott, St. Paul, the Man and the Teacher ’36; ANock, St. Paul ’38; TGlover, Paul of Tarsus ’38; CYver, S. Paul ’39; VGrÿnbech, Paulus ’40; WvLoewenich, Pls ’40; DRiddle, Paul, Man of Conflict ’40; EBuonaiuti, San Paolo ’41; JBover, San Pablo ’41; EAllo, Paul ’42; JKlausner, Fr. Jesus to Paul ’43; EGoodspeed, Paul ’47; JKnox, Chapters in a Life of Paul ’50; MDibelius, Paulus ’51; ²’56, with WKümmel (Eng. tr. FClarke ’53); EFascher, Pauly-W. Suppl. VIII 431–66, ’57.—FPrat, La théologie de S. Paul 1924f (Eng. tr. JStoddard ’57); CScott, Christianity Acc. to St. Paul 1928; OMoe, Apostolen Pls’ Forkyndelse og Laere 1928; AKristoffersen, Åpenbaringstanke og misjonsforkynnelse hos Pls, diss. Upps. ’38; RGuardini, Jes. Chr. I (in Paul) ’40; ChGuignebert, Le Christ ’43, 3 (Paulinisme).—A Schweitzer, D. Mystik des Ap. Pls 1930 (Eng. tr. WMontgomery ’31); MGoguel, La Mystique Paulin.: RHPhr 11, ’31, 185–210; MDibelius, Pls u. d. Mystik ’41; AFaux, L’ Orphisme et St. Paul: RHE 27, ’31, 245–92; 751–91; HWindisch, Pls u. Christus, E. bibl.-rel. gesch. Vergleich ’34.—EEidem, Det kristna Livet enligt Pls I 1927; MEnslin, The Ethics of Paul 1930; LMarshall, The Challenge of NT Ethics ’46; DWhiteley, The Theol. of St. Paul, ’64.—APuukko, Pls u. d. Judentum: Studia Orientalia 2, 1928, 1–86; HWindisch, Pls u. d. Judentum ’35; NMansson, Paul and the Jews ’47; WKnox, St. Paul and the Church of the Gentiles ’39.—ASteinmann, Z. Werdegang des Pls. Die Jugendzeit in Tarsus 1928; EBarnikol, D. vorchristl. u. früchristl. Zeit des Pls 1929; AOepke, Probleme d. vorchristl. Zeit des Pls: StKr 105, ’33, 387–424; GBornkamm, D. Ende des Gesetzes, Paulusstudien ’52.—WKümmel, Jes. u. Pls: ThBl 19, ’40, 209–31; ASchlatter, Jes. u. Pls ’40; WDavies, Paul and Rabbinic Judaism ⁴’80.—GRicciotti, Paul the Apostle (Eng. tr. AlZizzamia) ’53; JSevenster, Paul and Seneca, ’61; H-JSchoeps, Paulus ’59 (Engl. tr. HKnight, ’61); BMetzger, Index to Periodical Lit. on Paul ’60; Wv Loewenich, Paul: His Life and Works (transl. GHarris), ’60; WSchmithals, Paul and James (transl. DBarton), ’65; EGüttgemanns, D. Leidende Apostel, ’66; HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT ’66, 165–80; SPorter, The Paul of Acts ’99; additional lit. HBetz, ABD V 199–201.—LGPN I. M-M. EDNT. TW.