pandō

rē̆-clūdo ( - claudo, Coripp. 3 Joann. 118), si, sum, 3, v. a.

(Acc. to re, II. 1.) To unclose what had been closed, to open, throw or lay open; to disclose, reveal ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

syn.: resero, aperio, pando): pergam pultare ostium. Heus reclude: heus, Tranio, etiam aperis?

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 28:

natus nemo in aedibus servat, neque qui recludat neque respondeat,

id. ib. 2, 2, 22; id. Poen. 3, 4, 19; id. Rud. 2, 3, 82; cf.

fores,

Lucr. 3, 360:

aeratas hosti rēcludere portas,

Ov. M. 8, 41; cf. id. ib. 7, 647; Tac. A. 14, 44; Prop. 3, 19, 24:

ostia,

Lucr. 3, 366:

portas,

Verg. A. 7, 617; 9, 675; Ov. M. 14, 781:

viam arcis,

id. ib. 14, 776:

reclusā Mane domo vigilare,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

stabula,

Ov. H. 8, 17:

adyta,

Verg. A. 3, 92:

locum,

Quint. 7, 2, 44:

armarium,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 10:

pectora pecudum (in augury),

Verg. A. 4, 63:

specus quaerendis venis argenti,

Tac. A. 11, 20:

recludit se specus,

Sil. 13, 424:

humum,

to dig up, Tac. A. 2, 25; cf.:

tellurem dente unco,

to break up, till, Verg. G. 2, 423.—

Of the underworld: regna recludat Pallida,

Verg. A. 8, 244:

non optanda regna,

Sil. 13, 523:

januam leti,

Val. Fl. 4, 231.— Of the grave: aequa tellus Pauperi recluditur, Hor. C. 2, 18, 33:

contecta vulnera (with aperire),

Tac. H. 2, 77:

pectus mucrone,

Verg. A. 10, 601; cf.:

ense pectus,

Hor. Epod. 17, 71; and:

ense jugulum,

Ov. M. 7, 285:

ensem,

to draw, unsheathe, Verg. A. 4, 646; 9, 423:

thesauros tellure,

to disclose, reveal, id. ib. 1, 358; id. G. 2, 423; cf. id. ib. 12, 924:

(ubi sol) caelum aestivā luce reclusit,

id. ib. 4, 52.—Of springs:

ora fontana,

Ov. F. 1, 269:

fontes,

Verg. G. 2, 175:

psittacus reclusus,

set free, Stat. S. 2, 4, 32. —

Trop.: iram, to unclose, let loose, Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 66:

subdolus avaritiam ac libidinem occultans: quae postquam pecuniā reclusa sunt, etc.,

Tac. A. 16, 32; cf.:

ebrietas operta recludit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 16:

si recludantur tyrannorum mentes,

Tac. A. 6, 6:

superas mentes,

Sil. 1, 19; cf.:

principis justitiam, gravitatem, comitatem,

Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 2:

virtus recludens immeritis mori Caelum,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 21:

(Mercurius) Non lenis precibus fata recludere,

to relax, obviate the decrees of fate, id. ib. 1, 24, 17.—

To shut off or up (postclass. and rare):

singulas separatim,

Just. 1, 9, 16:

ficus a se separatas,

Pall. 4, 10, 33:

matronas in carcerem,

Just. 26, 1, 7; cf. Tert. Idol. 17 fin.:

tamquam recluso Jani templo,

Amm. 16, 10, 1 (in Flor. 4, 12, 64, dub.):

speculum,

Stat. S. 3, 4, 93; Vulg. Lev. 13, 4:

aliquem in carcerem,

id. Num. 15, 34.—

Trop.:

quod cognatis a praetore apertum est, hoc agnatis esse reclusum,

Just. Inst. 3, 2, 7:

nebulā recludens omnia,

Sedul. 5, 390.

rĕ-sĕro, sēvi, 3, v. a., to sow or plant again; to plant with any thing, Varr. L. L. 5, § 39 Müll.; Col. 4, 33, 3; 3, 11, 2; Plin. 18, 20, 49, § 183.

rĕ-sĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [3. sero], to unlock, unclose, open (syn.: recludo, pando, aperio; class.; esp. freq. after the Aug. per.).

Lit.:

hi domos suas claudunt aut reserant,

Plin. 10, 21, 24, § 49; so,

fores,

Tib. 1, 2, 18; 1, 8, 60; Ov. M. 10, 384:

valvas,

id. ib. 4, 761:

postes,

Tib. 1, 2, 31:

limina,

Verg. A. 7, 613:

januam,

Ov. F. 2, 455:

carcerem,

id. Am. 3, 2, 77; cf.:

portas hosti,

id. A. A. 3, 577:

illi moenia,

id. M. 8, 61:

claustra,

Sil. 7, 334:

Italiam exteris gentibus,

Cic. Phil. 7, 1, 2 (cf. also Italiam, Tac. H. 3, 2 fin. ex conj.):

urbem reserare et pandere portas,

Verg. A. 12, 584:

infernas sedes (with recludere),

id. ib. 8, 244:

aures,

Liv. 40, 8 fin.:

pectus,

Ov. M. 6, 663: latebras insidiarum, Amm. 14, 11, 9:

urbem,

to take by storm, id. 15, 8, 19.— Poet.:

simulac species patefacta est verna diei Et reserata viget genetabilis aura Favoni,

Lucr. 1, 11.—

Trop.

In gen., to open, lay open, unclose: nos ausi reserare..., Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 51, 171 (Ann. v. 226 Vahl.):

nec ita claudenda res est familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit, nec ita reseranda, ut pateat omnibus,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 55:

obsaepta diutinā servitute ora reseramus,

Plin. Pan. 66 fin.:

ubi, Jane biceps, longum reseraveris annum,

open, begin, Ov. P. 4, 4, 23; cf.:

aperire annum fastosque reserare (as consul),

Plin. Pan. 58, 4:

emicuit reserata dies,

Val. Fl. 1, 655.—

In partic., to disclose, reveal something unknown:

oracula mentis,

Ov. M. 15, 145:

secreta,

Val. Fl. 2, 438:

futura,

Sil. 7, 436:

operta animi,

Mamert. Grat. Act. ad Julian. 17: commissa, Petr. poët. Fragm. 28, 6.

S, s, indecl. n. or (agreeing with littera) f.

The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding in form to the old Greek S for S (Etruscan in a reversed form,);

in its nature a sibilant semi-vowel, whose peculiarities were much discussed by the ancients, and are even treated of in a special work by Messala, a contemporary of Augustus (Messala in libro de S littera,

Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 245).—

As an initial and medial it has a hard and sharp sound (which is softened, however, between two vowels), and is therefore joined only with the tenues (c, p, t; cf., on the contrary, the Gr. sbennumi);

and, as a medial, often written double after long vowels: caussa, cassus, divissiones (these forms, used by Cicero and Vergil, were already uncommon in Quintilian's time,

Quint. 1, 7, 20; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 283 sq.).—

As a final it had a weakened sound, and therefore not only admitted the medial b before it (plebs, urbs, abs; Arabs, chalybs, etc.; v. the letter B), but often entirely disappeared. So in the ante-class. poets down to the early years of Cicero (and also in his own poem, entitled Aratus, written in his youth), before words beginning with a consonant, to avoid position: Ratu' Romulus, Fulviu' Nobilior, gravi' Terra, est sati' bella, Hyperioni' cursum, Virgine' nam sibi, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 161; Quint. 9, 4, 38; and v. Freund, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. 1835, XIII. p. 25 sq.; less freq. before words beginning with a vowel, in which case, to avoid a hiatus, the vowel before s was also elided; vas' argenteis (for vasis argenteis) and palm' et crinibus (for palmis et crinibus); v. Cic. Or. 45, 153. So, too, in the fourth Epitaph of the Scipios (Inscr. Orell. 553), L. CORNELIO L. F. instead of CORNELIOS (cf. a similar elision of the M under that letter). Final s is also elided, and the preceding vowel either dropped with it or weakened, in the forms sat from satis, mage from magis; in the neutr. forms of adjectives of the third declension, acre, agreste, facile (v. the letter E); in the collat. forms of the sec. pers. sing. pass., fatere, fateare, fatebare, etc.; in the gen. sing. of the first, second, and fifth declensions, and in the nom. plur. of the first and second declensions (aurai for aura-is, analog. to reg is, etc.). Lastly, s disappears in the (mostly familiar) collat. forms abin', scin', viden', satin', from abisne, scisne, videsne, satisne, etc.—

As an etymological initial aspirate, s appears in many words whose Greek equivalents begin with a vowel: sal, semi-, serpo, sex, super, sus, corresp. to hals, hêmi-, herpô, hex, huper, us, etc.; si (archaic sei), sero, Segesta, corresp. to ei, ERÔ (whence eirô), Egesta. Less freq. in radical words beginning with a consonant: sculpo corresp. to gluphô, and the derivatives scruta, from grutê, and scrupedae, from kroupeza. To soften the termination, s appears in abs = ab, and ex corresp. to ek.—Very freq., on the contrary, an initial s appears in cognate forms in other languages, where corresp. Latin words have lost the s: Lat. fallo, Gr. sphallô; fungus, Gr. sphongos; fides, Gr. sphidê (comp. also nix with Engl. [p. 1609] snow, nurus with old Germ. snur, daughterin-law); cf. also cutis and scutum; cauda and root sku-, in Goth. skauts, etc.; casa and Gr. skia, skênê; cerno and Gr. krinô for skirnô, skôr, skôria; calumnia and skallô; gradior and root scra-, Germ. schreiten; parco and sparnos; penuria and spanis; pando and spaô; tego and stegô; tono and stonos; taurus and Sanscr. sthūras, Germ. Stier al.; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 277 sqq.—In the middle of a word s is dropped in at from ast.—

S is interchanged,

Most freq. with r; in partic., an original s, between two vowels, becomes r; v. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; so foederum for foedesum, plurima for plusima, meliorem for meliosem, Lares for Lases, etc.; cf. eram and sum, quaero and quaeso, nasus and naris. Appius Claudius, the censor, is said to have introduced r into the names Furius, Valerius, etc., in place of s, B.C. 312 (v. the letter R, II.).—

With d: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus; and, on the other hand, rosa, corresp. to the Gr. rhodon; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 259.—

With t: tensus and tentus, resina corresp. to rhêtinê; and, on the contrary, aggrettus for aggressus; mertare, pultare, for mersare, pulsare (perh. also assentor for assensor).—

With x; v. that letter.—

S is assimilated before f in the compounds of dis: differo, difficilis, diffluo, etc.; v. 3. dis.— On the other hand, it arises by assimilation from d, in assum, assumo, cessi, for adsum, adsumo, ced-si; from t in fassus, from fateor; from b in jussi, from jubeo; from m in pressi, from premo; from r in gessi, from gero; and dossuarius, from dorsum. —

As an abbreviation, S denotes sacrum, semis, sibi, suis, etc.; S. AS. D., sub asciā dedicavit; S. C., senatusconsultum; perh. also, sententia collegii (Inscr. Orell. 2385); S. P., sua pecunia; S. P. Q. R., Senatus Populusque Romanus, etc.

S, s, indecl. n. or (agreeing with littera) f.

The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding in form to the old Greek S for S (Etruscan in a reversed form,);

in its nature a sibilant semi-vowel, whose peculiarities were much discussed by the ancients, and are even treated of in a special work by Messala, a contemporary of Augustus (Messala in libro de S littera,

Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 245).—

As an initial and medial it has a hard and sharp sound (which is softened, however, between two vowels), and is therefore joined only with the tenues (c, p, t; cf., on the contrary, the Gr. sbennumi);

and, as a medial, often written double after long vowels: caussa, cassus, divissiones (these forms, used by Cicero and Vergil, were already uncommon in Quintilian's time,

Quint. 1, 7, 20; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 283 sq.).—

As a final it had a weakened sound, and therefore not only admitted the medial b before it (plebs, urbs, abs; Arabs, chalybs, etc.; v. the letter B), but often entirely disappeared. So in the ante-class. poets down to the early years of Cicero (and also in his own poem, entitled Aratus, written in his youth), before words beginning with a consonant, to avoid position: Ratu' Romulus, Fulviu' Nobilior, gravi' Terra, est sati' bella, Hyperioni' cursum, Virgine' nam sibi, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 161; Quint. 9, 4, 38; and v. Freund, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. 1835, XIII. p. 25 sq.; less freq. before words beginning with a vowel, in which case, to avoid a hiatus, the vowel before s was also elided; vas' argenteis (for vasis argenteis) and palm' et crinibus (for palmis et crinibus); v. Cic. Or. 45, 153. So, too, in the fourth Epitaph of the Scipios (Inscr. Orell. 553), L. CORNELIO L. F. instead of CORNELIOS (cf. a similar elision of the M under that letter). Final s is also elided, and the preceding vowel either dropped with it or weakened, in the forms sat from satis, mage from magis; in the neutr. forms of adjectives of the third declension, acre, agreste, facile (v. the letter E); in the collat. forms of the sec. pers. sing. pass., fatere, fateare, fatebare, etc.; in the gen. sing. of the first, second, and fifth declensions, and in the nom. plur. of the first and second declensions (aurai for aura-is, analog. to reg is, etc.). Lastly, s disappears in the (mostly familiar) collat. forms abin', scin', viden', satin', from abisne, scisne, videsne, satisne, etc.—

As an etymological initial aspirate, s appears in many words whose Greek equivalents begin with a vowel: sal, semi-, serpo, sex, super, sus, corresp. to hals, hêmi-, herpô, hex, huper, us, etc.; si (archaic sei), sero, Segesta, corresp. to ei, ERÔ (whence eirô), Egesta. Less freq. in radical words beginning with a consonant: sculpo corresp. to gluphô, and the derivatives scruta, from grutê, and scrupedae, from kroupeza. To soften the termination, s appears in abs = ab, and ex corresp. to ek.—Very freq., on the contrary, an initial s appears in cognate forms in other languages, where corresp. Latin words have lost the s: Lat. fallo, Gr. sphallô; fungus, Gr. sphongos; fides, Gr. sphidê (comp. also nix with Engl. [p. 1609] snow, nurus with old Germ. snur, daughterin-law); cf. also cutis and scutum; cauda and root sku-, in Goth. skauts, etc.; casa and Gr. skia, skênê; cerno and Gr. krinô for skirnô, skôr, skôria; calumnia and skallô; gradior and root scra-, Germ. schreiten; parco and sparnos; penuria and spanis; pando and spaô; tego and stegô; tono and stonos; taurus and Sanscr. sthūras, Germ. Stier al.; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 277 sqq.—In the middle of a word s is dropped in at from ast.—

S is interchanged,

Most freq. with r; in partic., an original s, between two vowels, becomes r; v. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; so foederum for foedesum, plurima for plusima, meliorem for meliosem, Lares for Lases, etc.; cf. eram and sum, quaero and quaeso, nasus and naris. Appius Claudius, the censor, is said to have introduced r into the names Furius, Valerius, etc., in place of s, B.C. 312 (v. the letter R, II.).—

With d: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus; and, on the other hand, rosa, corresp. to the Gr. rhodon; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 259.—

With t: tensus and tentus, resina corresp. to rhêtinê; and, on the contrary, aggrettus for aggressus; mertare, pultare, for mersare, pulsare (perh. also assentor for assensor).—

With x; v. that letter.—

S is assimilated before f in the compounds of dis: differo, difficilis, diffluo, etc.; v. 3. dis.— On the other hand, it arises by assimilation from d, in assum, assumo, cessi, for adsum, adsumo, ced-si; from t in fassus, from fateor; from b in jussi, from jubeo; from m in pressi, from premo; from r in gessi, from gero; and dossuarius, from dorsum. —

As an abbreviation, S denotes sacrum, semis, sibi, suis, etc.; S. AS. D., sub asciā dedicavit; S. C., senatusconsultum; perh. also, sententia collegii (Inscr. Orell. 2385); S. P., sua pecunia; S. P. Q. R., Senatus Populusque Romanus, etc.

sīmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [simus], to press flat, to flatten (only in the foll. passages): simavit taxim ad nares, Lucil. ap. Non. 169, 31: simataeque jacent pando sinuamine nares, Sulp. Luperc. ap. Anthol. Lat. 1, p. 516 Burm.:

projecturas simaverunt,

Vitr. 4, 2, 3.

Sĭmo, ōnis, m. [id.], a proper name, Plaut. Most.; id. Ps.; Ter. And.; Hor. A. P. 238; Plin. 11, 37, 59, § 158; cf. id. 9, 8, 7, § 23. [p. 1702]

Sĭmo, v. 1. Simon.

spes, spēi ( gen. spe, Liv. 1, 40, 7 dub.; Weissenb. spei; plur. nom. and acc. speres, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll., or Ann. v. 410 and 132 Vahl.; gen. sperum, Eum. Paneg. Const. 15; abl. speribus, Varr. ap. Non. 171, 27 and 30:

spebus,

Sid. Apollin. Ep. 3, 6; Sulp. Sev. Dial. 3, 10; Paul. Nol. Carm. 18, 243; Hilar. in Psa. 119; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 570), f. [perh. root spa-, to draw out; Gr. spaô; cf.: prosper, spondeo; v. spatium].

Lit.

In gen., the expectation of something desired, hope (the predom. signif. of the word; syn. exspectatio).

Absol.:

si spes est exspectatio boni, mali exspectationem esse necesse est metum,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 80:

bona spes cum omnium rerum desperatione confligit,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: ut aegroto, dum anima est, spes esse dicitur;

sic, etc.,

id. Att. 9, 10, 3: nolite nimiam spem habere, Cat. ap. Gell. 13, 17, 1:

spem habere in fide alicujus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 71; cf.:

nostros tantum spei habere ad vivendum, quantum accepissent ab Antonio,

id. Att. 15, 20, 2:

miserum est nec habere ne spei quidem extremum,

id. N. D. 3, 6, 14:

in quīs plurimum habebat spei,

Curt. 3, 3, 1:

spem sibi aliquam proponere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41:

spem reliquorum in vestrā potestate positam esse,

id. Fl. 1, 3:

spem ponere in armis,

Verg. A. 2, 676:

spem deponere,

abandon, Hor. S. 2, 5, 26;

but: spem salvis in alicujus morte deponere,

to place, Curt. 10, 9, 7:

spem alicujus alere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; cf.:

auxerat meam spem, quod, etc.,

id. Phil. 12, 1, 2:

aliquem in spem adducere,

id. Att. 3, 19, 2:

quae (salus nostra) spe exiguā extremāque pendet,

id. Fl. 2, 4:

ut eos homines spes falleret,

id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 4:

quantā de spe decidi,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 9:

hac spe lapsus Indutiomarus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 55:

nostris militibus spem minuit,

id. ib. 5, 33:

Helvetii eā spe dejecti,

id. ib. 1, 8:

ab hac spe repulsi Nervii,

id. ib. 5, 42; cf.:

de spe conatuque depulsus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 14:

pro re certā spem falsam domum retulerunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:

non solum spe, sed certā re jam et possessione deturbatus est,

id. Fam. 12, 25, 2:

spei nostrae finem inponere,

Liv. 5, 4, 10:

morando spem destituere,

id. 1, 51, 5:

dolor tantae ad inritum cadentis spei,

id. 2, 6, 1:

spes ad inritum redacta,

id. 28, 31, 1:

Philippus, magnā spe depulsus,

id. 31, 25, 11:

Tyrii ab ingenti spe destituti erant,

Curt. 4, 3, 20:

tantā spe destituti,

id. 8, 6, 20: spem pro re [p. 1741] ferentes, Liv. 36, 40, 7:

hominem sine re, sine fide, sine spe, etc.,

Cic. Cael. 32, 78:

sunt omnia, sicut adulescentis, non tam re et maturitate quam spe et exspectatione laudata,

id. Or. 30, 107:

ego jam aut rem aut ne spem quidem exspecto,

id. Att. 3, 22, 4:

nemo umquam animo aut spe majora suscipiet, qui, etc.,

id. Lael. 27, 102:

multa praeter spem scio multis bona evenisse,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 69; so,

praeter spem evenit!

Ter. And. 2, 6, 5; 4, 1, 55; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 51:

repente praeter spem dixit, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 3:

cetera contra spem salva invenit,

Liv. 9, 23, 17:

omnia bona in spe habere,

Sall. C. 31, 7.— Plur.:

ubi sunt spes meae?

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 28:

si mihi mulierculae essent salvae, spes aliquae forent,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 69; id. Capt. 2, 3, 85:

in quo nostrae spes omnesque opes sitae Erant,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 33; id. Phorm. 3, 1, 6; cf.:

omnes Catilinae spes atque opes concidisse,

Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16;

so often: spes opesque,

Sall. J. 107, 4:

(cadus) Spes donare novas largus,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 19 al. —

With gen. obj.:

spem istoc pacto nuptiarum omnem eripis,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 35:

spe mercedis adducti,

Cic. Lael. 9, 31:

spes dignitatis suae,

id. de Or. 1, 7, 25:

spes diuturnitatis atque imperii,

id. Rep. 2, 3, 5:

nec in praemiis humanis spem posueris rerum tuarum,

id. ib. 6, 23, 25; cf. id. de Or. 1, 7, 25:

quoniam me tui spem das,

id. Rep. 1, 10, 15:

ni mihi esset spes ostensa Hujusce habendae,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 7:

spes amplificandae fortunae fractior,

Cic. Lael. 16, 59:

ut reo audaci spem judicii corrumpendi praeciderem,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 7, § 20:

Antiochus a spe societatis Prusiae decidit,

Liv. 37, 26, 1:

hoc conloquium abstulit spem Hannibali recipiendae Nolae,

id. 33, 44, 3:

exulanti Amyandro spes recuperandi regni facta est,

id. 38, 1, 3; Tac. Or. 14 fin.:

spe templi capiendi,

Liv. 31, 25, 2:

spem suae mortis conceperat,

Ov. M. 6, 554. —

With obj.-clause:

spes est, eum melius facturum,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 22; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11; Auct. Her. 2, 17, 25:

magna me spes tenet, explicare, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 3, 7:

in spem maximam adducti, hunc ipsum annum salutarem civitati fore,

id. Mil. 28, 78:

ne spes quidem ulla ostenditur, fore melius,

id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

magnam in spem veniebat, fore, uti, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42:

magnam se habere spem, Ariovistum finem injuriis facturum,

id. ib. 1, 33:

injecta est spes patri, Posse illam extrudi,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 11:

si qui vestrum spe ducitur, se posse, etc.,

Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

in spem venio, appropinquare tuum adventum,

id. Fam. 9, 1, 1:

magna me spes tenet, bene mihi evenire, quod mittar ad mortem,

id. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

ad Aetolos legatum misit, magis ut nudaret animos, quam spe impetrari posse,

Liv. 34, 24, 7:

a spe scalis capi urbem posse,

id. 6, 9, 9:

spe castra eo die se oppugnaturos,

id. 40, 31, 6.—

With ut:

quae te ratio in istam spem induxit, ut eos tibi fidelis putaris fore?

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 53:

si spem afferunt, ut... fructus appareat,

id. Lael. 19, 68:

spes mihi certa fuit ut, etc.,

Aus. Idyll. 2, 46:

irritā spe agitari, ut, etc.,

Tac. A. 16, 26.—

With de:

spes est de argento,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 40; Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

de flumine transeundo spem se fefellisse,

Caes. B. G. 2, 10:

quam spem tunc ille de me concepit,

Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 3:

nato filio pater spem de illo quam optimam capiat,

Quint. 1, 1, 1.—

With ad and gerund.:

postea vero quam vidi nostros tantum spei habere ad vivendum,

Cic. Att. 15, 20, 2:

spem habere ad ejus salutem exstinguendam,

id. Mil. 2, 5:

Gallis ad temptanda ea defuit spes,

Liv. 21, 25, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

cum spei ad resistendum nihil esset,

id. 43, 18, 10; 43, 19, 9.—

In partic.

The hope of being appointed heir (rare):

leniter in spem Arrepe officiosus, ut et scribare secundus Heres,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 47:

in spem secundam nepotes pronepotesque (assumebantur),

Tac. A. 1, 8. —

Spes, a Roman divinity who had several temples in Rome, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 52; id. Ps. 2, 4, 19; id. Cist. 4, 1, 18; Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; id. N. D. 2, 23, 61; 3, 18, 47; Liv. 2, 51, 2; 25, 7, 6; 40, 51, 6; Tac. A. 2, 49; Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14; Tib. 1, 1, 9 (19); Ov. A. A. 1, 445; Aus. Idyll. 12, 9; cf. Hartung, Relig. d. Röm. 2, p. 264.—

Transf, concr., like the Engl. hope, of that in which hope is placed, or which is hoped for ( poet. and in postAug. prose).

In gen.:

puppes, Spes vestri reditus,

Ov. M. 13, 94; cf.: vestras spes uritis, Verg. A. 5, 672:

spes o fidissima Teucrum (of Aeneas),

id. ib. 2, 281:

spem suam (i. e. exta) circumvolat alis (milvus),

Ov. M. 2, 719; cf.:

spe (i. e. re speratā) potitur,

id. ib. 11, 527.—

In partic., of hopeful children, and, by analogy, of the young of animals, or of the fruits of the earth:

devovit nati spemque caputque parens,

Ov. H. 3, 94 Ruhnk.; cf. also in plur., of one child:

per spes surgentis Iuli,

Verg. A. 6, 364; 10, 524; 4, 274; cf.:

tuosne ego, o meae spes inanes, labentis oculis vidi,

Quint. 6, prooem. §

12: (capella) gemellos, Spem gregis, silice in nudā connixa reliquit,

Verg. E. 1, 15; cf. id. G. 4, 162:

(sus) quia semina pando Eruerit rostro spemque interceperit anni,

Ov. M. 15, 113.—

In gen., as a term of endearment, hope:

spes mea,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 27:

o spes mea, o mea vita, o mea voluptas, salve,

id. Stich. 4, 2, 5:

o salutis meae spes,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 17:

et mea carissima filiola, et spes reliqua nostra, Cicero,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6.—

An anticipation or apprehension of something not desired, elpis (very rare):

si meam spem vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit,

Cic. Cat. 4, 11, 23:

mala res, spes multo asperior,

Sall. C. 20, 13:

Metellus contra spem suam laetissimis animis excipitur,

id. J. 88, 1:

id (bellum) quidem spe omnium serius fuit,

Liv. 2, 3, 1:

omnium spe celerius,

id. 21, 6, 5:

in malā jam spe,

id. 22, 48:

in spe Hannibali fuit defectio Tarentinorum,

id. 25, 7:

dum spes nulla necis,

Stat. Th. 9, 129; cf.:

naufragii spes omnis abit,

Luc. 5, 455.