pūnĭo

pūnĭo or (in archaic form) poenĭo, īvi or ii, ītum, 4 (sync. imp. poenibat, Lucr. 6, 1238), v. a., and pūnĭor ( poen-), ītus, 4, v. dep. a. [poena].

To inflict punishment upon, to punish (syn.: castigo, animadverto, plecto, multo).

In act. form:

peccata punimus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66:

punire sontes,

id. Off. 1, 24, 82:

Philemonem morte puniit,

Suet. Caes. 74:

alio punito,

id. Calig. 30:

lex omnis aut punit aut jubet, etc.,

Quint. 7, 5, 5; cf. id. 7, 1, 48.— Pass.:

tergo ac capite puniri,

Liv. 3, 55 fin.; Ov. M. 9, 778.—

In dep. form:

qui punitur aliquem,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88:

inimicos puniuntur,

id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107:

hominum necem,

id. Phil. 8, 2, 7:

crudelius poeniri quam erat humanitatis meae postulare,

id. Mil. 13, 33; id. Inv. 2, 27, 80; 2, 28, 83; Quint. 9, 3, 6; Gell. 20, 1, 7:

punita sum funestum praedonem,

App. M. 8, p. 207, 17.—

In indeterm. form:

ipse se puniens,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 65:

prohibenda autem maxime est ira in puniendo,

id. Off. 1, 25, 89 fin. —

To take vengeance for, to avenge, revenge,= ulcisci (rare):

Graeciae fana punire,

Cic. Rep. 3, 9, 15:

iracundia est cupiditas puniendi doloris,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 220:

meam domum a judicibus puniendam putavit,

Cic. Har. Resp. 8, 16.— Dep.:

ut clarissimorum omnium crudelissimam puniretur necem,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 7.

to punish, avenge, gave vengeance.

pūnĭo or (in archaic form) poenĭo, īvi or ii, ītum, 4 (sync. imp. poenibat, Lucr. 6, 1238), v. a., and pūnĭor ( poen-), ītus, 4, v. dep. a. [poena].

To inflict punishment upon, to punish (syn.: castigo, animadverto, plecto, multo).

In act. form:

peccata punimus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66:

punire sontes,

id. Off. 1, 24, 82:

Philemonem morte puniit,

Suet. Caes. 74:

alio punito,

id. Calig. 30:

lex omnis aut punit aut jubet, etc.,

Quint. 7, 5, 5; cf. id. 7, 1, 48.— Pass.:

tergo ac capite puniri,

Liv. 3, 55 fin.; Ov. M. 9, 778.—

In dep. form:

qui punitur aliquem,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88:

inimicos puniuntur,

id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107:

hominum necem,

id. Phil. 8, 2, 7:

crudelius poeniri quam erat humanitatis meae postulare,

id. Mil. 13, 33; id. Inv. 2, 27, 80; 2, 28, 83; Quint. 9, 3, 6; Gell. 20, 1, 7:

punita sum funestum praedonem,

App. M. 8, p. 207, 17.—

In indeterm. form:

ipse se puniens,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 65:

prohibenda autem maxime est ira in puniendo,

id. Off. 1, 25, 89 fin. —

To take vengeance for, to avenge, revenge,= ulcisci (rare):

Graeciae fana punire,

Cic. Rep. 3, 9, 15:

iracundia est cupiditas puniendi doloris,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 220:

meam domum a judicibus puniendam putavit,

Cic. Har. Resp. 8, 16.— Dep.:

ut clarissimorum omnium crudelissimam puniretur necem,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 7.

multō, adv., v. multus fin. B.

multo (less correctly mulcto), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. multa], to punish one with any thing; used mostly of judicial punishment (class.; cf.:

punio, animadverto): accusatorem multā et poenā multavit,

Cic. Balb. 18, 42:

vitia hominum atque fraudes damnis, ignominiis, vinculis, verberibus, exsiliis, morte multantur,

id. de Or. 1, 43, 194:

imperatorem deminutione provinciae,

id. Prov. Cons. 15, 38.—With abl. of that with respect to which the punishment is inflicted:

populos stipendio,

to sentence them to pay, Cic. Balb. 18, 41:

exsules bonis,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106:

aliquem pecuniā,

to fine in a sum of money, Nep. Pel. 1, 3:

agris,

Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 34:

Antiochum Asiā,

id. Sest. 27, 58:

sacerdotio,

Suet. Caes. 1:

publice armis multati privatis copiis juvere militem,

Tac. H. 1, 66:

poculo multabitur,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 43: aliquem votis (like damnare votis), lit., to punish with his vows, i. e. by granting the object of his vows, Naev. ap. Non. 462, 33:

cum ab ipsā fortunā videat hujus consilia esse multata,

Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2:

boves iniquitate operis (al. mulcare),

to torment, Col. 2, 4, 6.—With dat. of the person for whose benefit:

Veneri esse multatum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 21 (in Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 19, Ritschl reads mulcaverit, but this seems to be corrupt; v. Ritschl ad h. l.).

plĕcto, xi and xŭi, xum, 3, v. a. [root plek-; Gr. plekô, plokê; Lat. plicin sim-plic-is, im-plic-o, etc.; cf. 3. plaga].

To plait, braid, interweave (rare; mostly in the part. perf. and poet.; not in Cic. or Cæs.; syn.: plico, flecto, necto].

Lit.:

crines plexueris,

Vulg. Judic. 16, 13:

coronam de spinis,

id. Matt. 27, 29:

plexa colligata significat ex Graeco, cui nos etiam praepositionem adicimus, cum dicimus perplexa,

Fest. p. 230 Müll.:

plexae coronae,

Lucr. 5, 1399:

flores plexi,

Cat. 64, 284:

colligationes,

Vitr. 10, 1.—

Trop.: ple-xus, a, um, P. a., involved, intricate, entangled, ambiguous (ante-class.): plexa, non falsa autumare dictio Delphis solet, Pac. ap. Non. 237, 4.—

To twist, bend, turn:

monstrabat vitulus quo se pacto plecteret,

Phaedr. 5, 9, 3 dub. (al. flecteret).

plēcto, ĕre, v. a. [plêttô], to beat, punish; in class. lang. usually in pass., to be punished, suffer punishment, be beaten.

Act. (post-class;

syn. punio): capite aliquem plectere,

Cod. Just. 9, 20, 7: quae sibi ignoscunt et plectunt deum, Aus. Idyll. 6 praef.—

Lit.:

Venusinae Plectantur silvae,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 26:

ego plectar pendens,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 43:

tergo plecti,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 105; id. Ep. 1, 2, 14. ut in suo vitio quisque plectatur, Cic. Leg. 3, 20, 46:

ut in judiciis culpa plectatur,

id. Clu. 2, 5:

jure igitur plectimur,

id. Off. 2, 8, 28:

multis in rebus neglegentiā plectimur,

because of negligence, id. Lael. 26, 85:

inscia quod crimen viderunt lumina, plector,

Ov. Tr. 3, 5, 49.—With gen.:

insimulationis falsae plecti,

App. Mag. p. 274, 14. —With abl.:

morte plectendum est (sc. peccatum),

Vulg. Deut. 21, 22.—

Transf., in gen., to blame:

cavit, ne quā in re jure plecteretur,

Nep. Att. 116.

poena, ae, f. [Gr. poinê, apoina, quitmoney, fine; Lat. pūnio, poenitet], indemnification, compensation, satisfaction, expiation, punishment, penalty (cf. mulcta).

Lit.: SI INIVRIAM FAXIT ALTERI VIGINTI QVINQVE AERIS POENAE SVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tab.: mi calido das sanguine poenas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 101 Vahl.); imitated by Virgil: tu tamen interea calido mihi sanguine poenas Persolves amborum, Verg. A. 9, 422 Serv.:

poenas justas et debitas solvere,

Cic. Mil. 31, 85:

poenas pendere,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 21; cf. id. As. 2, 4, 77:

maximas poenas pendo temeritatis meae,

Cic. Att. 11, 8, 1; cf.:

rei publicae poenas aut morte aut exsilio dependere,

id. Sest. 67, 140:

poenas pro civibus suis capere,

Sall. J. 68, 3:

id pro immolatis in foro Tarquiniensium Romanis poenae redditum,

Liv. 7, 19, 3:

ut vobis victi Poeni poenas sufferant,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 54:

poenas sufferre,

id. Am. 3, 4, 19: ob mortem alicujus poenas luere, Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

poenas pro aliquā re luere,

Sen. Med. 925; Lact. 2, 7, 21; 4, 11, 11; 7, 11, 2: poenam dignam suo scelere suscipere, Cic. lmp. Pomp. 3, 7:

poenas a seditioso cive persequi,

id. Fam. 1, 9:

poenas doloris sui ab aliquo petere,

id. Att. 1, 16, 7:

repetere poenas ab aliquo,

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 67:

afficere aliquem poenā,

id. Off. 2, 5, 18:

multā et poenā multare aliquem,

id. Balb. 18, 42:

poena falsarum litterarum,

id. Fl. 17, 39:

reticentiae poena,

id. Off. 3, 16, 65:

poenas acquas irroget peccatis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 118:

mediocrium delictorum poenae,

Paul. Sent. 5, 17, 3: poena nummaria, a fine, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 14, 2, 2; so,

pecuniaria,

Gai. Inst. 4, 111.—

Poena, the goddess of punishment or vengeance; in plur.: Poenae, the goddesses of vengeance, sometimes identified by the poets with the Furiae:

o Poena, o Furia sociorum!

Cic. Pis. 37, 91; cf.:

saeva sororum Poena parens,

Val. Fl. 1, 796; so in sing., Stat. Th. 8, 25; in plur., Cic. Clu. 61, 171; Luc. 6, 695; Varr. ap. Non. 390, 9; Val. Fl. 7, 147.—

Transf., hardship, torment, suffering, pain, etc. (postAug.):

frugalitatem exigit philosophia, non poenam,

Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 23, 2, 28, § 59:

captivitatis,

Just. 11, 14, 11.—In plur.:

in tantis vitae poenis,

Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 27:

balaenae pariendi poenis invalidae,

id. 9, 6, 5, § 13:

longa poenarum patientia,

Just. 3, 5, 2:

ebrius qui nullum forte cecidit, dat poenas,

is in anguish, Juv. 3, 279.

pūnītor, ōris, m. [punio].

A punisher (post-class.):

seditiosorum punitor acerrimus,

Suet. Caes. 67; Val. Max. 6, 1, 8.—

An avenger:

fuit ultor injuriae, punitor doloris sui,

Cic. Mil. 13, 35:

Crassianae stragis,

Val. Max. 3, 4, 5.

ulciscor, ultus, 3, v. inch. dep. [etym. dub.].

To avenge one's self on, take vengeance on, or punish for wrong done (very freq. and class.; cf.: vindico, punio, persequor).

With a personal object:

ego pol illum ulciscar hodie Thessalum veneficum, Qui, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 4, 5, 9:

ego illum fame, ego illum Siti, maledictis, malefactis, amatorem Ulciscar,

id. Cas. 2, 1, 10:

inimicos,

id. Trin. 3, 1, 18:

aliquem pro scelere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 14:

ulciscendi Romanos pro iis, quas acceperant, injuriis occasio,

id. ib. 5, 38:

odi hominem et odero: utinam ulcisci possem! sed illum ulciscentur mores sui,

Cic. Att. 9, 12, 2:

numquam illum res publica suo jure esset ulta,

id. Mil. 33, 88:

quos ego non tam ulcisci studeo, quam sanare,

id. Cat. 2, 8, 17:

quos intellegis non, ut per te alium, sed ut per alium aliquem te ipsum ulciscantur, laborare,

id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 22:

victos acerbius,

Sall. J. 42, 4:

Alphesiboea suos ulta est pro conjuge fratres,

Prop. 1, 15, 15 (19):

ulta pellicem,

Hor. Epod. 3, 13; 5, 63; cf.:

inimici ulciscendi causā,

Cic. Inv. 2, 5, 18:

ejus casūs, quem ulciscitur,

Quint. 6, 1, 18.— Absol.:

has tris ulciscendi rationes Taurus scriptas reliquit,

Gell. 7, 14, 5.—

To take revenge for, to avenge, punish injustice, wrongs, etc.;

with a non-personal object: quā in re Caesar non solum publicas sed etiam privatas injurias ultus est,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

statuerunt, istius injurias per vos ulcisci,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 9; id. Fam. 12, 1, 2:

injurias rei publicae,

id. Phil. 6, 1, 2:

Etruscorum injurias bello,

id. Rep. 2, 21, 38:

cum alii ulcisci dolorem aliquem suum vellent,

id. Sest. 20, 46:

injuriam,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 28, § 72:

peccata peccatis et injurias injuriis,

id. Inv. 2, 27, 81 al.; cf.:

ultum ire injurias festinare,

to proceed to revenge, to revenge, Sall. J. 68, 1:

ultum ire scelera et injurias,

Quint. 11, 1, 42:

istius nefarium scelus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 68:

patrui mortem,

id. Rab. Perd. 5, 14:

senis iracundiam,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 12:

offensas tuas,

Ov. Tr. 2, 134:

barbaras Regum libidines,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 8:

illatum a Persis Graeciae bellum,

Just. 2, 15, 13.—

Transf., with the person to whom wrong has been done as the object, to take vengeance for, to avenge a person (much less freq. but class.):

quos nobis poëtae tradiderunt patris ulciscendi causā supplicium de matre sumpsisse,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 66; Auct. Her. 1, 16, 26:

caesos fratres,

Ov. M. 12, 603:

fratrem,

id. ib. 8, 442:

patrem justa per arma,

id. F. 3, 710:

numen utrumque,

id. ib. 5, 574:

cadentem patriam,

Verg. A. 2, 576:

quibus (armis) possis te ulcisci lacessitus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

se,

id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 87; Plin. Ep. 8, 7, 2; Ov. M. 7, 397; id. P. 1, 8, 20:

Hannibal se a transfugis ultus est,

Front. Strat. 3, 16, 4.— Transf., of things:

a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur: contactum namque eo celerius subinde rubiginem trahit,

Plin. 34, 14, 41, § 146.—With the two constructions combined:

non hercle ego is sum, qui sum, ni hanc injuriam meque ultus pulcre fuero,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 7.

Act. collat. form ulcisco, ĕre: nisi patrem materno sanguine exanclando ulciscerem, Enn. ap. Non. 292, 16 (Trag. v. 184 Vahl.).—

ulciscor, ci, in a passive signif.:

quicquid sine sanguine civium ulcisci nequitur, jure factum sit,

Sall. J. 31, 8: ob iras graviter ultas, graviter ultae, Liv 2, 17, 7; so,

ultus,

avenged, Val. Fl. 4, 753:

ulta ossa patris,

Ov. H. 8, 120.