-
101 variation
изменение; отклонение; колебание- adjacent tooth pitch variation
- backlash variation
- base tangent length variation
- batch variation
- bore diameter variation
- center distance variation
- composite center distance variation
- composite variation of measuring shaft angle
- composite variation
- continuous speed variation
- cumulative pitch variation
- dimensional variation
- discontinuous speed variation
- face motion variation
- index variation
- infinite variation
- lead variation
- long-wavelength variations
- machining variations
- maximum tooth-to-tooth composite variation
- mean bore diameter variation
- mean outside diameter variation
- outer ring raceway thickness variation
- outside diameter variation
- parametric variation
- permissible machining variations
- permissible variation
- pitch variation
- positional variation
- process variation
- radial motion variation
- random variations
- ring width variation
- short-wavelength variations
- stepped speed variation
- stock variation
- structural variations
- temperature-induced variations
- thickness variation
- tooth-to-tooth variation
- variation of constant chord height
- variation of constant chordal tooth thickness
- variation of diameter fit
- variation of level
- variation of outside surface generatrix inclination with face
- variation of the mean error
- washer raceway thickness variation
- zero variationEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > variation
-
102 gage
см. gauge
* * *
1. мера; масштаб; размер; калибр; шаблонnondestructive. gage — прибор для неразрушающего контроля
subsurface recording pressure gage — глубинный самописец давления, глубинный самопишущий манометр давления
— bit gage— bob gage— oil gage
* * *
см. gauge 1
* * *
1) мера; масштаб; размер; калибр; шаблон2) контрольно-измерительный прибор; контрольно-измерительный инструмент; измерительное устройство3) калибр; диаметр ( бурового долота)4) манометр•- acceptance gageto maintain the hole to gage — поддерживать постоянный диаметр ствола скважины;
- air gage
- air-actuated level gage
- air-pressure gage
- alarm pressure gage
- bayonet gage
- bit gage
- bob gage
- bottomhole pressure gage
- broad-base depth gage
- bubble gage
- casing gage
- combination downhole pressure gage
- conductometric level gage
- cone gage
- consistency gage
- contact level gage
- control gage
- deflection gage
- deformation gage
- depth gage
- differential gage
- differential pressure gage
- discharge gage
- downhole gage
- downhole casing wall thickness gage
- drift diameter pipe gage
- drilling bit gage
- drilling-mud pressure gage
- drill-pipe gage
- drill-pipe pressure gage
- electrical level gage
- float level gage
- fluid content gage
- fluid level gage
- fuel quantity gage
- full gage
- gas gage
- gas density gage
- gas pressure gage
- gasoline gage
- high pressure gage
- hole gage
- indicating liquid level gage
- innage gage
- inside gage
- inspection gage
- internal thread gage
- level gage
- level pressure gage
- line tension gage
- liquid level gage
- low-pressure gage
- make-up gage
- master gage
- natural diamond gage
- nondestructive gage
- oil gage
- oil pressure gage
- outer gage
- outside gage
- petrol gage
- pipe gage
- pitch diameter gage
- Pitot gage
- plug gage
- pneumatic level gage
- precision depth pressure gage
- precision subsurface pressure gage
- pressure gage
- recording bottomhole pressure gage
- remote level gage
- ring gage
- sale gage
- scraper gage
- section gage
- setting gage
- slur gage
- standard gage
- subsurface lift pressure gage
- subsurface pressure gage
- subsurface recording pressure gage
- subsurface recording temperature gage
- subsurface water gage
- tank gage
- tank-level gage
- tape depth gage
- test gage
- thickness gage
- thread gage
- tong torque gage
- torque gage
- total water gage
- tube gage
- tubing gage
- tubular gage
- viscosity gage
- water gage
- wear-and-tear gage* * *• диаметр• манометр• шаблон -
103 barrel
1. бочка, бочонок || разливать по бочкам2. баррель (мера вместимости: англ. = 163,3 л; амер. = 119 л; для нефти = 159 л: для цемента = 170,5 кг)3. барабан, цилиндр, вал4. втулка, гильза; колонковая трубаbarrel of the boiler — корпус [барабан] котла
full flow core barrel — двойная колонковая труба с увеличенными каналами для промывочного агента (бурового раствора или воздуха)
* * *
1. барабан; стакан; втулка2. цилиндр ( скважинного насоса)bottom discharge mud type double tube core barrel — двойная колонковая труба для бурения с промывкой буровым раствором
full flow core barrel — двойная колонковая труба с увеличенными каналами для промывочного агента (бурового раствора или воздуха)
* * *
1. баррель (мера объёма нефти и нефтяных продуктов в США; 1 баррель 36° АНИ=0,1342 метрич. тонн)2. бочка, цилиндр; колонковая труба; втулка насоса; барабан лебёдки
* * *
баррель (мера нефтяных продуктов в США; 1 баррель = 42 галлона США или 144 литра)
* * *
1) баррель (мера вместимости,3 л; в США - 119 л; для нефти - 159 л; для цемента - 170,5 кг)2) характеристика продуктивности нефтяного месторождения в баррелях суточной добычи3) цилиндр; камера (гидравлического домкрата>); втулка (<<насоса); барабан; стакан4) цилиндр ( скважинного насоса)5) гильза; колонковая труба•barrels daily — суточная добыча в баррелях;
million barrels per day oil equivalent — миллионов баррелей нефтяного эквивалента в день;
barrels per calendar day — объём добычи в баррелях за календарные сутки;
barrels per day — баррелей в сутки;
barrels per day of oil equivalent — число баррелей в день нефтяного эквивалента;
barrels per hour — баррелей в час;
barrels per minute — баррелей в минуту;
- barrels of acid water per hourper barrel of oil produced — на единицу объёма добытой нефти;
- barrels of acid water under load
- barrel of cement
- barrel of fishing basket
- barrels of condensate
- barrels of condensate per day
- barrels of condensate per hour
- barrels of condensate per million
- barrels of fluid
- barrels of fluid per day
- barrels of fluid per hour
- barrels of formation water
- barrels of fracturing oil
- barrels of load oil
- barrels of load oil recovered
- barrels of load oil yet to recover
- barrels of mud
- barrels of new oil
- barrels of oil
- barrels of oil per calendar day
- barrels of oil per day
- barrels of oil per hour
- barrels of oil per producing day
- barrel of oil well pump
- barrels of pipeline oil
- barrels of pipeline oil per day
- barrels of reservoir crude
- barrels of salt water
- barrels of salt water per day
- barrels of salt water per hour
- barrel of slurry
- barrels of water
- barrels of water injected per day
- barrels of water load
- barrels of water over load
- barrels of water per day
- barrels of water per hour
- balanced core barrel
- ball bearing core barrel
- basket barrel
- bottom discharge core barrel
- cable-tool core barrel
- casing barrel
- clay barrel
- clay coring barrel
- core barrel
- core barrel of double tube-rigid
- core barrel of double tube-swivel
- core retrieving barrel
- deep-well pump barrel
- deep-well working barrel
- Denison core barrel
- diamond core barrel
- double core barrel
- double core barrel with rubber sleeve
- double-tube core barrel
- double-tube core barrel of bottom discharge mud
- double-tube rigid barrel
- dry-sample barrel
- extension core barrel
- floating-tube core barrel
- full flow core barrel
- gun barrel
- inner barrel
- large-diameter design core barrel
- liner barrel
- main drum barrel
- mud barrel
- oil barrel
- oil well pump barrel
- orienting core barrel
- outer barrel
- outside barrel
- Pickard core barrel
- plain core barrel
- poor-boy core barrel
- pressure core barrel
- pump barrel
- reaming barrel
- removable rectilinear core barrel
- reservoir barrels
- retractable core barrel
- retrievable inner barrel
- reverse-circulation core barrel
- rigid-type core barrel
- rigid-type double core barrel
- rubber sleeve core barrel
- sampler barrel
- sampling barrel
- sandblast barrel
- sawtooth barrel
- sectional core barrel
- single-tube core barrel
- siphon barrel
- sleeve-type core barrel
- sludge barrel
- soil-sample barrel
- split barrel
- split inner-tube core barrel
- split-tube barrel
- starting barrel
- starting casing barrel
- stationary inner-tube core barrel
- stock tank barrels
- subsurface liner working barrel
- subsurface pump working barrel
- swivel barrel
- swivel-tube core barrel
- swivel-type double tube core barrel
- traveling barrel
- triple-tube core barrel
- valve barrel
- water-cutoff core barrel
- winch barrel
- winding barrel
- wireline core barrel
- working barrel* * *• барабан• баррель• втулка• камера• характеристика продуктивности нефтяного месторождения в баррелях суточной добычи -
104 наружный диаметр
Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > наружный диаметр
-
105 outside
1. n наружная часть или сторона; внешняя поверхностьthe outside of the house was painted a light yellow — с наружной стороны дом был окрашен в светло-жёлтый цвет
2. n внешний мир3. n внешность; наружностьhis outside is rough, but he is good at heart — у него грубая внешность, но он добрый человек
4. n наружные листы5. n пассажир империала6. a наружный, внешний7. a находящийся или происходящий на улице, вне дома8. a внешний, посторонний9. a внеклассный, внеаудиторный10. a разг. крайний, предельный11. a амер. незначительный, ничтожный12. a проходящий большее расстояниеthe right-hand wheels are the outside wheels in a turn to the left — правые колёса при повороте налево проходят больший путь, чем левые
13. adv с наружной стороны, снаружиthey could see everything that took place outside — им было видно всё, что делалось на улице
14. adv мор. в открытом море15. prep вне; заthe question at the examination was quite outside the lectures — вопрос, заданный на экзамене, совершенно не освещался в лекциях
outside indicator — индикатор, находящийся вне титруемой жидкости
16. prep за, из17. prep кроме, за исключениемoutside him, none of us liked the play — пьеса не понравилась никому, кроме него
outside of — кроме, за исключением
Синонимический ряд:1. alien (adj.) alien; foreign; unfamiliar2. distant (adj.) distant; faint; negligible; off; remote; slender; slight; slim; small3. farthest (adj.) apart from; away from; extreme; farther; farthest; outermost4. maximum (adj.) maximal; maximum; top; topmost; utmost5. outdoor (adj.) alfresco; hypaethral; open-air; outdoor; out-of-door6. outer (adj.) covering; exterior; external; outer; outward; over; surface7. edge (noun) border; boundary; bounds; edge; end; outline8. exterior (noun) cover; covering; exterior; facade; face; sheath; skin; surface; topside9. outdoors (noun) open; open air; outdoors; out-of-doors; without10. outdoors (other) out; out of doors; outdoors; withoutdoors11. outward (other) outward; outwards; withoutАнтонимический ряд:center; familiar; indoors; inside; interior -
106 shell
1. n раковина2. n скорлупа; шелуха3. n кожура; створка4. n панцирь, щит5. n черепаха, черепаховый рог6. n оболочка, личина7. n «скорлупа», некоммуникабельность; скрытность8. n каркас; остов9. n длинная женская блуза без рукавов и воротника; жилет10. n амер. шелл, гоночная восьмёрка11. n гроб12. n геол. земная кора13. n геол. тонкий твёрдый прослоек14. n геол. кожух; оболочка; обшивка15. n геол. обечайка16. n геол. тех. корпусreaming shell — калибрующий расширитель; корпус расширителя
17. n геол. тех. стакан, гильзаshell body — корпус снаряда; корпус гильзы
18. n геол. тех. вкладыш19. n геол. эл. юбка изолятора20. n геол. редк. чешуйка21. n геол. сл. деньги22. n геол. амер. малый пивной стакан23. n геол. кул. ракушка24. v очищать; чистить; лущить; шелушить25. v лущиться; шелушитьсяnuts which shell in falling — орехи, которые разбиваются при падении
26. v зоол. линять, сбрасывать покров; сбрасывать раковину27. v заключать в оболочку; окружать оболочкой28. v собирать раковины29. n снаряд30. n мина31. n патрон32. v обстреливать33. v вести артиллерийский или миномётный огоньСинонимический ряд:1. bullet (noun) bullet; cartridge; shot2. explosive projectile (noun) anti-aircraft shell; artillery shell; bomb; canister; cannon shell; explosive missile; explosive projectile; grenade; neutron bomb3. framework (noun) framework; skeleton4. hard outer covering (noun) armor; carapace; casement; casing; eggshell; hard outer covering; nutshell; sheath5. hull (noun) case; crust; hull; husk; pod; shuck; skin6. sea shell (noun) clamshell; conch shell; crustacean; mollusk; sand dollar; scallop; sea shell; snail shell; tortoise shell7. bombard (verb) attack; barrage; blitz; bomb; bombard; cannonade; hit with artillery; shoot; strafe; torpedo8. husk (verb) bare; decorticate; exfoliate; flay; husk; peel off; scale; strip9. peel (verb) hull; peel; shuck; skin -
107 stone
камень; вес в 14 англ. фунт. = 6,348 кг
* * *
- blunt stone
- blunt-edge stone
- Bologna stone
- broken stone
- broken-in stone
- cement stone
- clay stone
- coal stone
- cut stone
- cutting stones
- face stone
- gage stone
- inner stone
- inner diameter gage stone
- inner gage stone
- inside stone
- inside-gage stone
- kerf stone
- kicker stone
- liver stone
- loose stone
- natural stone
- outer stone
- outside stone
- reamer stone
- reaming stone
- rough stone
- shaped stone
- sharp stone
- shoulder stone
- tool stones
- wax stone -
108 d iop
-
109 external
adjective1) äußer...; Außen[fläche, -druck, -winkel, -abmessungen]purely external — nur od. rein äußerlich
2) (applied to outside) äußerlich [Heilmittel]3) (of foreign affairs) Außen[minister, -handel, -politik]* * *[ik'stə:nl](of, for, from, or on, the outside: Chemists often label skin creams `For external use only'.) äußerlich- academic.ru/25936/externally">externally* * *ex·ter·nal[ɪkˈstɜ:nəl, ekˈ-, AM -ˈstɜ:r-]adj inv\external appearance Aussehen nt\external calm/similarity äußerliche Ruhe/Ähnlichkeit\external growth externes Wachstum4. (on body surface) äußerlich\external injury äußer[lich]e Verletzungfor \external use only PHARM nur zur äußerlichen Anwendung5. (foreign) ausländisch, auswärtig, Außen-\external affairs auswärtige Angelegenheiten, Außenpolitik f\external relations auswärtige Beziehungen, Auslandsbeziehungen pl\external degree Abschluss m eines Fernstudiums7. ECON\external auditing außerbetriebliche Revision8. COMPUT extern, außerhalb\external disk drive externes Plattenlaufwerk\external memory Speicher m\external modem externes Modem\external storage [or store] Zubringerspeicher m* * *[ek'stɜːnl]1. adj1) (= outer) layer, covering, similarity etc äußere(r, s); dimensions, angle, diameter Außen-; injury äußerlich; gills außen liegendthe external walls of the house — die Außenwände des Hauses
2) (fig: from outside) influence, factor, event, reality äußere(r, s), extern (geh)reasons both internal and external to the company — Ursachen, die sowohl innerhalb als auch außerhalb des Unternehmens zu finden sind
3) (= foreign) affairs, relations, policy auswärtigthe European commissioner for external affairs —
MI6, the external security service — MI6, der militärische Abschirmdienst
4) (= independent) examiner, auditor, assessor, evaluator extern2. n externals3. pl (form)Äußerlichkeiten pl* * *1. äußer(er, e, es), äußerlich, Außen…:external ballistics pl (meist als sg konstruiert) äußere Ballistik;external ear ANAT äußeres Ohr;external evidence JUR Beweis, der nicht aus der Urkunde selbst hervorgeht;external remedy äußerliches (Heil)Mittel;for external use MED zum äußerlichen Gebrauch, äußerlich;external to außerhalb (gen)2. von außen (ein)wirkend oder kommend3. a) (äußerlich) wahrnehmbar, sichtbarb) PHIL Erscheinungs…:4. (rein) äußerlich, (nur) oberflächlich5. WIRTSCH, POL ausländisch, Außen…:external affairs POL auswärtige Angelegenheiten;external debt auswärtige Schuld;external loan Auslandskredit m;external trade Außenhandel mB s1. meist pl (das) Äußere2. pl Äußerlichkeiten plext. abk1. extension2. external (externally)3. extinct4. extra5. extract* * *adjective1) äußer...; Außen[fläche, -druck, -winkel, -abmessungen]purely external — nur od. rein äußerlich
2) (applied to outside) äußerlich [Heilmittel]3) (of foreign affairs) Außen[minister, -handel, -politik]* * *adj.Außen- präfix.außen adj.extern adj.äußerlich adj. -
110 helix
1) спираль•- coaxial helixs
- contrawound helix
- coupled helixs
- cross-wound helix
- dextrorsal helix
- dielectric-embedded helix
- dielectric-filled helix
- double helix
- endless helix
- flattened helix
- large-diameter helix
- left-hand helix
- levorsal helix
- multifilar helix
- nonreciprocal helix
- right-hand helix
- shielded helix
- single-wound helix
- strapped helix
- tape helix
- tapered helix
- traveling-wave helix
- twin helix
- two-tape contrawound helix -
111 helix
1) спираль•- coaxial helixs
- contrawound helix
- coupled helixs
- cross-wound helix
- dextrorsal helix
- dielectric-embedded helix
- dielectric-filled helix
- double helix
- endless helix
- flattened helix
- large-diameter helix
- left-hand helix
- levorsal helix
- multifilar helix
- nonreciprocal helix
- right-hand helix
- shielded helix
- single-wound helix
- strapped helix
- tape helix
- tapered helix
- traveling-wave helix
- twin helix
- two-tape contrawound helixThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > helix
-
112 offset
1) смещение; сдвиг; гипоидное смещение ( при зубонарезании) || смещать; сдвигать; выносить || смещённый; сдвинутый; вынесенный3) отклонение4) компенсация; коррекция || компенсировать; корректировать5) ответвление; отвод ( трубы)6) уступ; зубец•- absolute offset
- angular offset
- arc center offset
- blank offset
- control system offset
- corrective offset
- corrective tool offset
- cutter diameter offset
- cutter length offset
- cutter offset
- cutter radius offset
- feed rate offset
- fixture offset
- fixture zero offset
- full length tool offset
- grid offset
- hypoid offset
- incorrect tool offset
- incremental offset
- length offset
- length-tool offset
- multiple-zero offset
- outer race offset
- pallet offset
- parallel offset
- programmable zero offset
- radius-tool offset
- running offset
- small offset
- spindle speed offset
- storing offset
- table/workpiece offset
- three-datum-plane offset
- tool length offset
- tool offset
- visual offset
- workhead offset
- zero offsetEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > offset
-
113 drum
барабан; барабан бетономешалки; магнитный барабан; барабанный инструментальный магазин; цилиндр; капитель; барабанная полость; металлическая бочка (ёмкостью 2082 куб.м.); стандартный бак (для смазочных материалов); железная бочка; цилиндрический контейнер; цилиндрическая ёмкость; цилиндрический блок; дром; ёмкость; резервуар; вал; круглая мембрана; обечайка; раскатной цилиндр; ворот; валец; вальцовый затвор; II дробить; II барабанный- drum cam- drum capacity - drum cavity - drum changer - drum changing - drum cleaning - drum clutch - drum controller - drum countershaft - drum cure - drum dial - drum diameter - drum diconnect coupling - drum display - drum drier - drum face - drum feeder - drum filter - drum flange - drum gate - drum governor - drum-hand derrick - drum handling truck - drum hoist - drum lathe - drum length - drum machining limit - drum membrane - drum mixer - drum of winch - drum on - drum pump - drum reductor - drum reel - drum roller - drum rotor - drum screen - drum scrubber - drum separator - drum servo - drum shaft - drum shell - drum-shifter - drum sifter - drum sort - drum-spherical - drum spool - drum switch - drum-to-rope ratio - drum tool carrier - drum tool magazine - drum turret - drum-type continuous milling machine - drum-type decoiler - drum-type indexing miller - drum-type miller - drum-type milling machine - drum-type mixer - drum-type shears - drum-type tool changer - drum-type tool magazine - drum-type turret - drum-type vacuum filter - drum-type washer - drum upon - drum water meter - drum welder - drum winding - drum winding machine - air drum - assembly drum - bailing drum - ball drum - barking drum - barrel drum - beating drum - belt drum - blade drum - boiler drum - boom cable drum - boom hoist drum - cable drum- cam drum- centrifugal drum - chain drum - conveyor tension drum - cotton-picker drum - cradle rotational position drum - crushing drum - deep-cutting drum - differential drum - doffing drum - double drum - double-circle tool drum - double drum hoist - double-drum drier - double-drum separator - double-drum winch - drawing drum - drawworks drum - drier drum - drive drum - driven drum - elevating drum - fan drum - feed drum - feed rate drum - fertilizer drum - fertilizer-spreading drum - finned brake drum - fixed drum - flash drum - fluted drum - format drum - friction drum - front floating brake drum - full aperture drum - germinating drum - grate drum - grooved drum - hauling drum - heavy steel drum - hoist drum - hoisting drum - humidifying drum - idle drum - inner drum - interlocking drum - internal expanding drum brake - knockout drum - lead drum - lifting drum - liming drum - load drum - load equalization at hoisting drums - load-lifting drum - loading drum - long drum - loose drum - magnetic drum - main hoisting drum - micrometer drum - mixing drum - moistening drum - mud drum - oil drum - outer drum - peg-tooth drum - photosensitive drum - picker drum - pulling drum - rake drum - recorder drum - recording drum - replacement tool drum - return drum - reversing drum - ribbed brake drum - riddle drum - roller hoop drum - rope drum - rotor drum - rubber fabric drum - rubbing drum - sanding drum - sandline drum - scouring drum - scroll drum - scutching drum - seamless drum - self-sumping cutter drum - separating drum - shoe-to-drum clearance - shredding drum - silage chopping drum - slave drum - smooth drum - sorting drum - spindle drum - split drum - spool drum - standby drum - stepped drum of turbine - stop drum - storage drum - tail drum - tanning drum - tappet drum - thrashing drum - tilting drum - tool drum - tool storage drum - tool-positioning drum - traction drum - trip drum - tumbling drum - twin drum - two-shoe drum brake - washing drum - winch drum - wind-up drum - winding drum - wire drum - wirerope supply drum -
114 Abaca
ABACA, or MANILA HEMPA fibre obtained from the leaf stalks of the "musa textilis", a plant in the Philippine Islands, Sumatra, Java and Borneo. It is strong, has great durability, varies from 40-in. to 140-in. in length, yellowish-white in colour, and has a lustrous appearance. It is light, but rather stiff in handle. The yield of the fibre is only about 11/2 per cent of the weight of the green leaves. In India the inner fibres of the leaf stalk are much used for making fine cloths, the outer and coarser fibres being used in the manufacture of matting for floor covering, cordage, canvas, etc. The fibre (fine quality) is also used as weft in some fabrics for upholstery, chiefly on account of its colour and lustre. There are many grades, ranging from fine to coarse, obtained from these several species of banana and pineapple plants. Manila hats are made from these fibres. The fibres are tied end to end and woven without being spun into yarns. It is a tall plant, growing from 16 to 22 feet, and has a stem up to 12-in. diameter. This is one of the most important fibres cultivated in the tropics. Although called Manila Hemp it is quite unlike true hemp. Others names are "Cebu Hemp" and "Davao Hemp" (see textile fibres) -
115 Manila Hemp
ABACA, or MANILA HEMPA fibre obtained from the leaf stalks of the "musa textilis", a plant in the Philippine Islands, Sumatra, Java and Borneo. It is strong, has great durability, varies from 40-in. to 140-in. in length, yellowish-white in colour, and has a lustrous appearance. It is light, but rather stiff in handle. The yield of the fibre is only about 11/2 per cent of the weight of the green leaves. In India the inner fibres of the leaf stalk are much used for making fine cloths, the outer and coarser fibres being used in the manufacture of matting for floor covering, cordage, canvas, etc. The fibre (fine quality) is also used as weft in some fabrics for upholstery, chiefly on account of its colour and lustre. There are many grades, ranging from fine to coarse, obtained from these several species of banana and pineapple plants. Manila hats are made from these fibres. The fibres are tied end to end and woven without being spun into yarns. It is a tall plant, growing from 16 to 22 feet, and has a stem up to 12-in. diameter. This is one of the most important fibres cultivated in the tropics. Although called Manila Hemp it is quite unlike true hemp. Others names are "Cebu Hemp" and "Davao Hemp" (see textile fibres) ———————— See Abaca. The fibre obtained from the Musa textilis, a variety of plantain, a native of the Philippine Islands where it is known as abaca. -
116 Hertz, Heinrich Rudolph
[br]b. 22 February 1857 Hamburg, Germanyd. 1 January 1894 Bonn, Germany[br]German physicist who was reputedly the first person to transmit and receive radio waves.[br]At the age of 17 Hertz entered the Gelehrtenschule of the Johaneums in Hamburg, but he left the following year to obtain practical experience for a year with a firm of engineers in Frankfurt am Main. He then spent six months at the Dresden Technical High School, followed by year of military service in Berlin. At this point he decided to switch from engineering to physics, and after a year in Munich he studied physics under Helmholtz at the University of Berlin, gaining his PhD with high honours in 1880. From 1883 to 1885 he was a privat-dozent at Kiel, during which time he studied the electromagnetic theory of James Clerk Maxwell. In 1885 he succeeded to the Chair in Physics at Karlsruhe Technical High School. There, in 1887, he constructed a rudimentary transmitter consisting of two 30 cm (12 in.) rods with metal balls separated by a 7.5 mm (0.3 in.) gap at the inner ends and metallic plates at the outer ends, the whole assembly being mounted at the focus of a large parabolic metal mirror and the two rods being connected to an induction coil. At the other side of his laboratory he placed a 70 cm (27½ in.) diameter wire loop with a similar air gap at the focus of a second metal mirror. When the induction coil was made to create a spark across the transmitter air gap, he found that a spark also occurred at the "receiver". By a series of experiments he was not only able to show that the invisible waves travelled in straight lines and were reflected by the parabolic mirrors, but also that the vibrations could be refracted like visible light and had a similar wavelength. By this first transmission and reception of radio waves he thus confirmed the theoretical predictions made by Maxwell some twenty years earlier. It was probably in his experiments with this apparatus in 1887 that Hertz also observed that the voltage at which a spark was able to jump a gap was significantly reduced by the presence of ultraviolet light. This so-called photoelectric effect was subsequently placed on a theoretical basis by Albert Einstein in 1905. In 1889 he became Professor of Physics at the University of Bonn, where he continued to investigate the nature of electric discharges in gases at low pressure until his death after a long and painful illness. In recognition of his measurement of radio and other waves, the international unit of frequency of an oscillatory wave, the cycle per second, is now universally known as the Hertz.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRoyal Society Rumford Medal 1890.BibliographyMuch of Hertz's work, including his 1890 paper "On the fundamental equations of electrodynamics for bodies at rest", is recorded in three collections of his papers which are available in English translations by D.E.Jones et al., namely Electric Waves (1893), Miscellaneous Papers (1896) and Principles of Mechanics (1899).Further ReadingJ.G.O'Hara and W.Pricha, 1987, Hertz and the Maxwellians, London: Peter Peregrinus. J.Hertz, 1977, Heinrich Hertz, Memoirs, Letters and Diaries, San Francisco: San Francisco Press.R.Appleyard, 1930, Pioneers of Electrical Communication.See also: Heaviside, OliverKFBiographical history of technology > Hertz, Heinrich Rudolph
См. также в других словарях:
outer diameter — (OD) The external diameter of a cylinder or tube … Dictionary of automotive terms
diameter — The distance between one edge of a circular object to the other edge and passing through the center. Also see bead seat diameter bore diameter circle diameter external diameter inside diameter internal diameter major diameter minor diameter … Dictionary of automotive terms
Outer Drive Bridge — The double decker Outer Drive Bridge across the Chicago River Carries Motor vehicles, pedestrians Crosses Chicago River … Wikipedia
Outer Trial Bank — Type Nature reserve Location The Wash, East Anglia, England … Wikipedia
Outer Hebrides — Eilean Siar and Western Isles redirect here. The term Na h Eileanan Siar (Western Isles), which redirects here, can also refer to the whole of the Hebrides. For the Scottish Parliament constituency, see Western Isles (Scottish Parliament… … Wikipedia
diameter — noun ADJECTIVE ▪ inner, inside, internal ▪ The tubes have an internal diameter of 2 mm. ▪ external, outer, outside ▪ … Collocations dictionary
outer — adj. Outer is used with these nouns: ↑appearance, ↑borough, ↑chamber, ↑clothes, ↑clothing, ↑coating, ↑core, ↑corner, ↑courtyard, ↑diameter, ↑door, ↑ear … Collocations dictionary
Transit of Saturn from outer planets — A transit of Saturn across the Sun as seen from an outer planet (Uranus or Neptune) takes place when the planet Saturn passes directly between the Sun and the outer planet, obscuring a small part of the Sun s disc for an observer on the outer… … Wikipedia
Translocase of the outer membrane — The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) is a protein found in the outer mitochondrial membrane of the mitochondria. Its function is allow movement of proteins through this barrier and into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. Most of … Wikipedia
Transit of Jupiter from outer planets — A transit of Jupiter across the Sun as seen from an outer planet (Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune) takes place when the planet Jupiter passes directly between the Sun and the outer planet, obscuring a small part of the Sun s disc for an observer on… … Wikipedia
Coaxial cable — RG 59 flexible coaxial cable composed of: A: outer plastic sheath B: woven copper shield C: inner dielectric insulator D: copper core Coaxial cable, or coax, has an inner conductor surrounded by a flexible, tubular insulating layer, surrounded by … Wikipedia