original+german

I Adj. original; (echt) genuine; eine originale künstlerische Leistung an original artistic achievement

II Adv.: original verpackt in the original packaging; die Vase ist original 2. Dynastie it is a genuine ( oder authentic) Second Dynasty vase; original übertragen TV etc.: transmit live

* * *

original

* * *

nt -s, -e

1) original

2) (Mensch) character

* * *

1) (existing at the beginning; first: This part of the house is new but the rest is original.) original

2) (the earliest version: This is the original - all the others are copies.) origin

3) (a model from which a painting etc is made: She is the original of the famous portrait.) origin

* * *

1. (Urversion) original

im \Original in the original

2. (Mensch) original, character

* * *

1) (Urschrift o. ä.) original

2) (eigenwilliger Mensch) character

* * *

Original n; -s, -e

1. Bild etc: original; FILM original version; Schriftstück: auch original copy; Tonband etc: master (copy);

im Original in the original;

der Titel lautet im (englischen) Original … the original (English) title is …;

Original mit (deutschen) Untertiteln FILM original version with German subtitles

2. umg, Person: (real) character

* * *

1) (Urschrift o. ä.) original

2) (eigenwilliger Mensch) character

* * *

original n.

f original version; Originalfassung mit ( deutschen) Untertiteln original version with German subtitles

* * *

original version

* * *

* * *

f original [version]

in der englischen \Originalfassung in the original English version

* * *

* * *

Originalfassung f original version;

Originalfassung mit (deutschen) Untertiteln original version with German subtitles

* * *

* * *

original version n.

m subtitle; Film: auch caption; Original( fassung) mit ( deutschen) Untertiteln original version with German subtitles

* * *

subhead; subtitle; caption; subheading

* * *

* * *

1) (a second or explanatory title to a book.) subtitle

2) (on a cinema film etc, a translation of foreign speech appearing at the bottom of the screen: I found it difficult to read the subtitles.) subtitle

* * *

1. (eingeblendete Übersetzung) subtitle

2. (zusätzlich erläuternder Titel) subheading

* * *

* * *

Untertitel m subtitle; FILM auch caption;

Original(fassung) mit (deutschen) Untertiteln original version with German subtitles

* * *

* * *

subhead n.

subheading n.

subtitle n.

1 and.

un ordenador y una impresora a computer and a printer

horas y horas de espera hours and hours of waiting

2 what about.

¿y tu mujer? what about your wife?

y, letter y.

* * *

► conjunción

1 and

■ Alberto y María Alberto and María

■ un chico joven y apuesto a handsome young boy

■ ¡y no chilles! and don't shout!

■ hay amigos y amigos there are friends and friends

2 (hora) past

■ son las tres y cuarto it's a quarter past three

3 (en pregunta) what about

■ ¿y Pepe, se viene? what about Pepe, is he coming?

4 (repetición) after

■ veces y veces time after time, time and time again

\

y eso que even though

■ no lo encontré, y eso que lo busqué en todas partes I couldn't find it even though I looked everywhere for it

■ me asusté, y eso que yo no soy miedoso it gave me a fright, and I'm not easily frightened, you know

¿y (qué)? so (what)?

¿y si... ? what if... ?

¡y tanto! you bet!, and how! Table 1 NOTA See also e/Table 1

* * *

* * *

[i'ɣrjeɣa]

* * *

y femenino ( read as [i 'ɤrjeɤa, je] or (RPl) [ʒe]) the letter Y, y

* * *

= and (&), AND, as well as, both... and....

Ex. These became known as community information services or, more commonly, as Information and Referral (I&R) services.

Ex. The Boolean logic operator AND retrieves all records that contain both words anywhere in the record.

Ex. All means of conveying affinitive relationships list a number of terms which may be used as well as, or instead of, the original entry term.

Ex. References will also be necessary, in respect of any variant forms of headings, for headings on both main and added entries.

----

* Adjetivo + y además + Adjetivo = Adjetivo + if + Adjetivo.

* cromosoma Y = y chromosome.

* Generación Y = Generation Y.

* y además = then again, and on top of that.

* y además otro(s) = still (an)other(s).

* ¿Y ahora qué? = What's next?, What next?.

* y a la vez = cum, yet.

* y al mismo tiempo = and in the process, yet.

* y antes de nada = the next thing + Pronombre + know.

* y antes de que + Pronombre + dar + cuenta = the next thing + Pronombre + know.

* y así sucesivamente = and so on, and so on....

* y aun mejor = better yet.

* y con razón = and rightfully so.

* y cuanto mucho menos = much less.

* y Dios sabe qué más = and Heaven knows what else.

* y encima = into the bargain.

* y ¡y listo! = and presto.

* y lo peor de todo = and worst of all, and worst of all.

* y más adelante = and beyond.

* y más allá = and beyond.

* y mejor aun = better yet.

* y merecidamente = and rightfully so.

* y mucho menos = much less, least of all.

* y mucho(s) más = and more.

* y otras cosas = and things.

* y otro(s) = et al. (et alii), still (an)other(s).

* y poco más = and little more.

* y que = with.

* ¡y qué más da! = so what!, so what!.

* ¿y si... ? = what if... ?.

* y similares = and the kind.

* y sin embargo = but then again.

* y sobre todo = and worst of all.

* y todo este tipo de cosas = and all this sort of thing.

* y un largo etcétera = and so on, and so on....

* y un largo etcétera, etcétera = and so on and so forth, and so on and so forth.

* y unos cuantos más = and a few others.

* * *

y femenino ( read as [i 'ɤrjeɤa, je] or (RPl) [ʒe]) the letter Y, y

* * *

* * *

1 (indicando conexión, añadidura) and

habla inglés, francés y alemán he speaks English, French and German

una zona montañosa y de escasa vegetación a mountainous, sparsely vegetated area

yo me quedo y los niños también I'm staying and so are the children

ella tiene 25 años y él 28 she's 25 and he's 28

2 (con valor adversativo) while, and

¡yo aquí trabajando y ellos en la playa! here am I working while o and they're at the beach!

1 (indicando acumulación) and

iba llegando gente y más gente more and more people kept arriving

habla y habla pero no dice nada he talks and talks but he doesn't really say anything

2 (introduciendo una consecuencia) and

media hora más y estamos en Caracas another half hour and we'll be in Caracas

atrévete y verás just you dare and you'll see!

(en preguntas): ¿y tu padre? ¿qué tal está? and how's your father?

¿y Mónica? ¿se ha ido? where's Monica? has she gone?

yo no oigo nada ¿y tú? I can't hear anything, can you?

a mí me regaló dinero ¿y a ti? she gave me money, what did she give you? o what about you?

nos vamos — pero ¿y el trabajo? we're going — but, what about the work?

¿y? ¿qué resolvieron? well? o so? what did you decide?

2 ( fam) (expresando indiferencia) so ( colloq)

no hay trenes — ¿y? or ¿y qué? vamos en taxi there are no trains — so what? o what of it? we can take a taxi

¿y a mí qué? so, what's it to me?

… y todo ( fam); … and everything ( colloq)

la casa tiene piscina y todo the house has a swimming pool and everything

fíjate que le pega y todo you know, he even hits her

2 ( esp RPl fam) (encabezando respuestas) well

¿y se lo diste? — y sí, no tuve más remedio and you gave it to him? — well yes, I had no choice

y bueno, habrá que hacerlo oh well, we'll have to do it

(en números): cuarenta y cinco forty-five

doscientos treinta y tres two hundred and thirty-three

uno y medio one and a half

read as /i ˈɣrjeɣa/, /je/ or ( RPl) /ɲe/

(the letter) Y, y

* * *

◊ y sustantivo femenino ( read as /i 'GrjeGa/, /je/ or (RPl) /ʒe/) the letter Y, y

◊ habla inglés y alemán he speaks English and German;

a) ( en preguntas):

◊ ¿y tu padre? ¿qué tal está? and how's your father?;

b) (fam) ( expresando indiferencia) so (colloq);

◊ ¿y qué? so what?;

◊ ¿fuiste? — y sí, no tuve más remedio did you go? — well yes, I had no choice;

◊ cuarenta y cinco forty-five;

* * *

Y, y [i'γrjeγa] nf

* * *

conj and

* * *

y nf

: twenty-sixth letter of the Spanish alphabet

y conj

1) : and

mi hermano y yo: my brother and I

¿y los demás?: and (what about) the others?

2) (used in numbers)

cincuenta y cinco: fifty- five

3) fam : well

y por supuesto: well, of course

* * *

y conj

1. (en general) and

2. (con la hora) past

3. (en preguntas) what about...?

D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).

As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.

The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—

An original t: mendax from mentior; quadraginta, quadra, etc., from quatuor.—

An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—

An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—

An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —

A Greek th: fides, pistis; gaudere, gêtheô; vad-i-monium (from va-d-s, vadis), aethlon.

In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).

D final was also anciently found—

In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —

In the imperative mood;

as estod,

Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—

In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).

As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.

D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).

As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.

The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—

An original t: mendax from mentior; quadraginta, quadra, etc., from quatuor.—

An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—

An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—

An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —

A Greek th: fides, pistis; gaudere, gêtheô; vad-i-monium (from va-d-s, vadis), aethlon.

In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).

D final was also anciently found—

In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —

In the imperative mood;

as estod,

Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—

In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).

As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.

1. (nicht nachgemacht) genuine; Unterschrift, Urkunde etc.: auch authentic; Gold, Leder etc.: auch real; Haarfarbe: natural; das Gemälde etc. ist nicht echt auch is a forgery ( oder fake); für echt erklären authenticate

2. (wahr) real; Liebe, Freundschaft: auch true; Gefühle: auch sincere; (nicht vorgetäuscht) genuine; (unverfälscht) real, genuine; ein echter Verlust a real ( oder great) loss; ich möchte das echte Wien erleben I want to see ( oder experience) the real Vienna

3. nur attr.; (typisch) typical, true; ein echter Engländer a real ( oder true) Englishman, an Englishman born and bred

4. nur attr.; (reinrassig) Pferd: thoroughbred; Hund, Katze, Rind: pedigreed

5. MATH., Bruch: proper

6. CHEM. etc., Farbe: fast

7. umg. (geistig normal) with it; bist du noch echt? are you feeling all right?; der ist doch nicht ganz echt! that one’s off his head ( oder not all there)!

1. really; die Uhr ist echt Gold the watch is (made of) real ( oder genuine) gold, the watch is really gold

2. umg. (wirklich) really; das war echt gut! it was really good; das hat sie gesagt - echt wahr oder (in) echt? did she really ( oder honestly)?

3. umg. (typisch) typically; das ist echt Paul! that’s Paul all over; das ist mal wieder echt Martin that’s Martin all over, that’s just typical of Martin; das war mal wieder echt Mann / deutsch! that was just so typically male / German!

* * *

authentic; actual; pure; real; unfading; genuine; true; unfeigned

* * *

1. adj, adv

1) real, genuine; Gefühle real, genuine, sincere; Haar, Perlen, Gold real; Unterschrift, Geldschein, Gemälde genuine; Haarfarbe natural

2) (= typisch) typical

3) Farbe fast

4) (MATH)

2. adv

1) (= typisch) typically

2)

3) (inf = wirklich) really

* * *

1) (real; not fake or artificial: a genuine pearl; a genuine antique.) genuine

2) (which actually exists: There's a real monster in that cave.) real

3) (not imitation; genuine: real leather; Is that diamond real?) real

4) (true; genuine: a sincere desire; sincere friends.) sincere

5) (properly so called: A spider is not a true insect.) true

6) (pure, or not mixed with anything else: a feeling of unadulterated hatred.) unadulterated

* * *

I. adj

1. (nicht künstlich) real; (nicht gefälscht) genuine

eine \echte Blondine a natural blonde

2. (aufrichtig) Freundschaft, Schmerz sincere

3. (typisch) typical

4. (beständig)

\echte Farben fast colours [or AM -ors

5. (wirklich) real

II. adv

1. (typisch) typically

2. (rein) pure

das Armband ist \echt Platin! the bracelet is pure platinum!

3. (fam: wirklich) really

4. (kindersprache)

in \echt for real fam

* * *

1) genuine; authentic, genuine <signature, document>

2) (wahr) true, real <love, friendship>; real, genuine <concern, sorrow, emergency>

3) nicht präd. (typisch) real, typical <Bavarian, American, etc.>

4) (Math.) proper < fraction>

1)

2) (ugs.): (wirklich) really

3) (typisch) typically

* * *

A. adj

1. (nicht nachgemacht) genuine; Unterschrift, Urkunde etc: auch authentic; Gold, Leder etc: auch real; Haarfarbe: natural;

das Gemälde etc

ist nicht echt auch is a forgery ( oder fake);

für echt erklären authenticate

2. (wahr) real; Liebe, Freundschaft: auch true; Gefühle: auch sincere; (nicht vorgetäuscht) genuine; (unverfälscht) real, genuine;

ein echter Verlust a real ( oder great) loss;

ich möchte das echte Wien erleben I want to see ( oder experience) the real Vienna

3. nur attr; (typisch) typical, true;

ein echter Engländer a real ( oder true) Englishman, an Englishman born and bred

4. nur attr; (reinrassig) Pferd: thoroughbred; Hund, Katze, Rind: pedigreed

5. MATH, Bruch: proper

6. CHEM etc, Farbe: fast

7. umg (geistig normal) with it;

bist du noch echt? are you feeling all right?;

der ist doch nicht ganz echt! that one’s off his head ( oder not all there)!

B. adv

1. really;

die Uhr ist echt Gold the watch is (made of) real ( oder genuine) gold, the watch is really gold

2. umg (wirklich) really;

das war echt gut! it was really good;

das hat sie gesagt -

echt wahr oder

(in) echt? did she really ( oder honestly)?

3. umg (typisch) typically;

das ist echt Paul! that’s Paul all over;

das ist mal wieder echt Martin that’s Martin all over, that’s just typical of Martin;

das war mal wieder echt Mann/deutsch! that was just so typically male/German!

…echt im adj allg …proof;

bügelecht ironable;

mottenecht mothproof;

säureecht acid-proof;

schweißecht sweat-proof

* * *

1) genuine; authentic, genuine <signature, document>

2) (wahr) true, real <love, friendship>; real, genuine <concern, sorrow, emergency>

3) nicht präd. (typisch) real, typical <Bavarian, American, etc.>

4) (Math.) proper < fraction>

1)

2) (ugs.): (wirklich) really

3) (typisch) typically

* * *

genuine adj.

pure adj.

real adj.

substantial adj.

true adj.

unfeigned adj. adv.

genuinely adv.

properly adv.

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace

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Hugo Junkers trained as an engineer and in 1895 founded the Junkers Company, which manufactured metal products including gas-powered hot-water heaters. He was also Professor of Thermodynamics at the high school in Aachen. The visits to Europe by the Wright brothers in 1908 and 1909 aroused his interest in flight, and in 1910 he was granted a patent for a flying wing, i.e. no fuselage and a thick wing which did not require external bracing wires. Using his sheet-metal experience he built the more conventional Junkers J 1 entirely of iron and steel. It made its first flight in December 1915 but was rather heavy and slow, so Junkers turned to the newly available aluminium alloys and built the J 4 bi-plane, which entered service in 1917. To stiffen the thin aluminium-alloy skins, Junkers used corrugations running fore and aft, a feature of his aircraft for the next twenty years. Incidentally, in 1917 the German authorities persuaded Junkers and Fokker to merge, but the Junkers-Fokker Company was short-lived.

After the First World War Junkers very rapidly converted to commercial aviation, and in 1919 he produced a single-engined low-wing monoplane capable of carrying four passengers in an enclosed cabin. The robust all-metal F 13 is generally accepted as being the world's first airliner and over three hundred were built and used worldwide: some were still in service eighteen years later. A series of low-wing transport aircraft followed, of which the best known is the Ju 52. The original version had a single engine and first flew in 1930; a three-engined version flew in 1932 and was known as the Ju 52/3m. This was used by many airlines and served with the Luftwaffe throughout the Second World War, with almost five thousand being built.

Junkers was always ready to try new ideas, such as a flap set aft of the trailing edge of the wing that became known as the "Junkers flap". In 1923 he founded a company to design and manufacture stationary diesel engines and aircraft petrol engines. Work commenced on a diesel aero-engine: this flew in 1929 and a successful range of engines followed later. Probably the most spectacular of Junkers's designs was his G 38 airliner of 1929. This was the world's largest land-plane at the time, with a wing span of 44 m (144 ft). The wing was so thick that some of the thirty-four passengers could sit in the wing and look out through windows in the leading edge. Two were built and were frequently seen on European routes.

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SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Mining and extraction technology

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Leupold was essentially an academic of great learning in the tradition of the Renaissance. He was basically a scientist with a principal interest in the extraction of minerals, and in 1725 was made a Commissioner of Mines. He was also a member of the Academy of Berlin. The nine volumes of his work Theatrum Machinarum are detailed studies of the various disciplines, with existing practices illustrated in woodcuts. These nine volumes (see below, Bibliography) were brought to England by the younger members of the aristocracy returning from their Grand Tour. The large water-wheel created for raising water at Painshill, in Surrey, was a straight copy of the relevant illustration in Wasser- Bau-Kunst (1724). The volume Mühlen-Bau-Kunst is a good reference book on German milling practice, which remains essentially unchanged in existing mills.

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SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building

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Mies van der Rohe was the son of a stonemason and his early constructional training came from his father. As a young man he gained experience of the modern school from study of the architecture of the earlier leaders, notably Peter Behrens, Hendrik Berlage and Frank Lloyd Wright. He commenced architectural practice in 1913 and soon after the First World War was establishing his own version of modern architecture. His building materials were always of the highest quality, of marble, stone, glass and, especially, steel. He stripped his designs of all extraneous decoration: more than any of his contemporaries he followed the theme of elegance, functionalism and an ascetic concentration on essentials. He believed that architectural design should not look backwards but should reflect the contemporary achievement of advanced technology in both its construction and the materials used, and he began early in his career to act upon these beliefs. Typical was his early concrete and glass office building of 1922, after which, more importantly, came his designs for the German Pavilion at the Barcelona Exposition of 1929. These designs included his famous Barcelona chair, made from chrome steel and leather in a geometrical design, one which has survived as a classic and is still in production. Another milestone was his Tugendhat House in Brno (1930), a long, low, rectilinear structure in glass and steel that set a pattern for many later buildings of this type. In 1930 Mies followed his colleagues as third Director of the Bauhaus, but due to the rise of National Socialism in Germany it was closed in 1933. He finally left Germany for the USA in 1937, and the following year he took up his post as Director of Architecture in Chicago at what is now known as the Illinois Institute of Technology and where he remained for twenty years. In America Mies van der Rohe continued to develop his work upon his original thesis. His buildings are always recognizable for their elegance, fine proportions, high-quality materials and clean, geometrical forms; nearly all are of glass and steel in rectangular shapes. The structure and design evolved according to the individual needs of each commission, and there were three fundamental types of design. One type was the single or grouped high-rise tower, built for apartments for the wealthy, as in his Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago (1948–51), or for city-centre offices, as in his Seagram Building in New York (1954–8, with Philip Johnson) or his Chicago Federal Centre (1964). Another form was the long, low rectangle based upon the earlier Tugendhat House and seen again in the New National Gallery in Berlin (1965–8). Third, there were the grouped schemes when the commission called for buildings of varied purpose on a single, large site. Here Mies van der Rohe achieved a variety and interest in the different shapes and heights of buildings set out in spatial harmony of landscape. Some examples of this type of scheme were housing estates (Lafayette Park Housing Development in Detroit, 1955–6), while others were for educational, commercial or shopping requirements, as at the Toronto Dominion Centre (1963–9).

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SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines

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In 1869 Stumpf was commissioned by the Pope Manufacturing Company of Hertford, Connecticut, to set up two triple-expansion, vertical, Corliss pumping engines. He tried to simplify this complicated system and started research with the internal combustion engine and the steam turbine particularly as his models. The construction of steam turbines in several stages where the steam passed through in a unidirectional flow was being pursued at that time, and Stumpf wondered whether it would be possible to raise the efficiency of a reciprocating steam engine to the same thermal level as the turbine by the use of the uniflow principle.

Stumpf began to investigate these principles without studying the work of earlier pioneers like L.J. Todd, which he later thought would have led him astray. It was not until 1908, when he was Professor at the Institute of Technology in Berlin- Charlottenburg, that he patented his successful "una-flow" steam engine. In that year he took out six British patents for improvements in details on his original one Stumpf fully realized the thermal advantages of compressing the residual steam and was able to evolve systems of coping with excessive compression when starting. He also placed steam-jackets around the ends of the cylinder. Stumpf's first engine was built in 1908 by the Erste B runner Maschinenfabrik-Gesellschaft, and licences were taken out by many other manufacturers, including those in Britain and the USA. His engine was developed into the most economical type of reciprocating steam engine.

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1 idea (concepto, ocurrencia).

buena/mala idea good/bad idea

hacerse una idea de algo to get an idea of something

hacerse a la idea de que to get used to the idea that

no tengo ni idea (de) I don't have a clue (about)

tener ideas de bombero (figurative) to have wild o crazy ideas (peninsular Spanish)

tener idea de cómo hacer algo to know how to do something

tener una ligera idea to have a vague idea

idea brillante brilliant idea, brainwave

idea fija obsession

ser una persona de ideas fijas to be a person of fixed ideas

2 intention.

con la idea de with the idea o intention of

tener idea de hacer algo to intend to do something

a mala idea maliciously

3 impression.

ideas ideas (ideología)

cambiar de idea to change one's mind

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: idear.

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 idea

2 (noción) notion

3 (ingenio) imagination

\

cambiar de idea to change one's mind

darle ideas a alguien to put ideas in somebody's head

hacer algo a mala idea to do something on purpose, do something deliberately

hacerse a la idea de algo to get used to the idea of something, accept something

llevar idea de to intend to, have the intention of

¡ni idea! no idea!, not a clue!

no te puedes hacer una idea you have no idea

no tener ni idea familiar to have no idea, not have a clue

ser de ideas fijas to be narrow-minded, have very fixed ideas

tener ideas de bombero to have funny ideas, have madcap ideas

tener mala idea familiar to be a nasty piece of work

idea fija fixed idea

ligera idea vague idea

mala idea evil intention

* * *

1) idea

2) notion

* * *

1) (=concepto) idea

2) (=sugerencia) idea

- ideas de bombero

3) (=intención) idea, intention

- tener idea a algn

4) (=conocimiento) idea

5) pl ideas (=opiniones) ideas

* * *

1)

a) ( concepto) idea

b) (opinión, ideología) idea

c) ( noción) idea

2)

a) ( ocurrencia) idea

b) ( intención) intention, idea

c) ( sugerencia) idea

•

- idea fija

* * *

= idea, insight, notion, perspective, point, thought, conception, rationality, inkling, perception.

Ex. Analytical cataloguing is valuable in respect of any type of media, but many of ideas have been tested most thoroughly in the context of monographs and serials.

Ex. The human indexer works mechanically and rapidly; he should require no insight into the document content.

Ex. A focus conveys the key or principal notion of a concept.

Ex. It is easy to see that users and separate pieces of literature may hold different perspectives on one subject.

Ex. Parts of the abstract are written in the informative style, whilst those points which are of less significance are treated indicatively.

Ex. Amongst these are numbered: some specific legal and governmental works, such as laws, decrees, treaties; works that record the collective thought of a body, for example, reports of commissions and committees; and various cartographic materials.

Ex. Different conceptions of what subject indexing means are described.

Ex. A model of how librarians may actually go about book selection is presented in three ways: rationality; tacit knowledge; and symbolic content.

Ex. Her experience with many children has shown that often they can repeat sentences and read quite well without any inkling of what they are saying.

Ex. Nevertheless, citation indexes do seek to link documents according to their content (or at least the perception of their content held by the author of the source work).

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* acariciar la idea de = toy with + idea of, flirt with + the idea of.

* aceptar una idea = accept + notion, deal with + concept.

* aclarar las ideas de Uno = clarify + Posesivo + mind.

* acoger con ahínco la idea de = seize upon + the idea of.

* acostumbrarse a una idea = get used to + idea, deal with + concept.

* adquirir una idea = gain + impression.

* aferrarse a una idea = hold fast to + idea.

* aludir a una idea = allude to + idea.

* aportación de ideas = brainstorming [brain-storming], brainstorm.

* aportar ideas = contribute + ideas, brainstorm.

* apoyar la idea = endorse + the idea.

* apoyar una idea = favour + idea.

* atraer la idea de = fancy + the idea of.

* bombardeo de ideas = brainstorming [brain-storming], brainstorm.

* cambio de idea = change of heart, change of mind.

* cantera de ideas = hotbed.

* casarse con una idea = wed to + view.

* compartir ideas = share + ideas, share + thoughts, bounce off + ideas.

* compartir ideas con Alguien = bounce + ideas off + Nombre.

* compartir las ideas = pool + ideas.

* composición por confrontación de ideas = brain-writing.

* concebir una idea = conceive + idea.

* confrontación de ideas = brainstorming [brain-storming], brainstorm.

* confrontar ideas = brainstorm.

* con sólo una mínima idea de = with only the sketchiest idea of.

* contar las ideas a Alguien = run + ideas + past + Pronombre.

* contrastar ideas = brainstorm.

* contraste de ideas = brainstorming [brain-storming].

* contribución de ideas = input of ideas.

* con una idea muy superficial sobre = with only a sketchy idea of.

* corroborar una idea = substantiate + point.

* criticar las ideas de Alguien = trample on + Posesivo + ideas.

* dar con una idea = hit on/upon + idea.

* dar ideas = offer + clues.

* dar la idea = give + the impression that.

* darle vueltas a la idea = toy with, toy with + idea of.

* darle vueltas a la idea de = flirt with + the idea of.

* dar una idea = give + idea, give + glimpse, provide + an understanding.

* dar una idea de = give + a feel for, give + indication, provide + a glimpse of, give + a flavour of, be indicative of, provide + insight into, give + a picture, give + an insight into, give + an inkling of.

* dar una idea general = put in + the picture, give + a general picture, paint + a broad picture.

* debatir una idea = discuss + idea.

* deducir una idea = draw + idea.

* defender + Posesivo + idea = support + Posesivo + case.

* defender una idea = champion + idea.

* de ideas afines = like-minded.

* desaprobar una idea = disapprove of + the idea of.

* desarrollar una idea = amplify + idea.

* descartar una idea = dismiss + idea, discount + notion.

* difundir una idea = spread + view, spread + an idea, circulate + Posesivo + idea.

* discutir una idea = float + concept.

* echar por tierra una idea = crush + idea.

* empezar a gustar la idea = warm up to + the idea.

* entusiasmarse con la idea = warm up to + the idea.

* erradicar falsas ideas = erase + misconceptions.

* erradicar una falsa ide = dispel + idea.

* escaso de ideas = short of ideas.

* estar a favor de una idea = favour + idea.

* estar convencido de la idea de que = be committed to the idea that.

* estar de acuerdo con una idea = subscribe to + idea.

* expresar ideas = express + thoughts, put over + ideas.

* extraer una idea = draw + idea.

* falto de ideas = short of ideas.

* germen de una idea = germ of an idea.

* gustar la idea de = fancy + the idea of.

* hacer hincapié en una idea = hammer + point.

* hacer prevaler las ideas y valores de uno mismo = assert + own ideas and values.

* hacer realidad una idea = follow through on/with + Posesivo + idea.

* hacerse a una idea = deal with + concept.

* hacerse una idea = form + impression, get + an inkling.

* hacerse una idea de = catch + glimpse, glean + indication, glean + picture, have + an inkling of.

* hacerse una idea mejor de = glean + insights.

* hacer valer una idea = enforce + idea.

* idea abstracta = abstract idea.

* idea + aparecer = idea + surface.

* idea aproximada = rough idea.

* idea arraigada = ingrained attitude.

* idea brillante = bright idea.

* idea buena = cool idea.

* idea central = focal point.

* idea clara = clear idea.

* idea cultural = meme.

* idea + dar forma = idea + shape.

* idea de reforma = reform idea.

* idea estrafalaria = outlandish idea.

* idea falsa = misconception, misperception, bogus idea, illusion.

* idea favorita = pet idea.

* idea + forjar = idea + shape.

* idea fundamental = keynote.

* idea general = rough idea.

* idea genial = brain child [brainchild].

* idea incoherente = disjointed idea.

* idea loca = wild thought.

* idea nueva = fresh idea.

* idea original = brain child [brainchild].

* idea pensada a posteriori = afterthought.

* idea peregrina = outlandish idea.

* idea preconcebida = preconception.

* idea principal = drift.

* idea reciclada = retread [re-tread].

* ideas = food for thought, strands of thought.

* idea secundaria = side issue.

* ideas políticas = politics.

* ideas principales = significant ideas.

* idea + surgir = idea + come up.

* ilustrar una idea = illustrate + point.

* inspirar ideas = spark off + ideas.

* intercambiar ideas = compare + notes, exchange + ideas, bounce off + ideas.

* intercambiar ideas con Alguien = bounce + ideas off + Nombre.

* intercambio de ideas = exchange of ideas, fertilisation [fertilization, -USA], cross-fertilisation [cross-fertilization, -USA], cross-fertilisation of ideas.

* la idea que hay detrás de = the idea behind.

* lanzar una idea = pilot + idea.

* machacar un idea = squash + idea.

* mencionar una idea = bring up + idea.

* ¡ni idea! = beats me!.

* no captar la idea = miss + the point.

* no estar de acuerdo con la idea de = disapprove of + the idea of.

* no pillar la idea = miss + the point.

* no tener idea = have + no clue, have + no idea.

* no tener idea de = be clueless about, have + no understanding of.

* no tener la más mínima idea sobre Algo = Negativo + have + the foggiest idea.

* no tener ni idea sobre Algo = not know the first thing about.

* no tener ni puta idea = not get + Posesivo + shit together.

* no tener ni puta idea sobre Algo = not know the first thing about.

* nueva idea = reform idea.

* obtener una idea = get + a sense of, gain + a sense of.

* obtener una idea de = get + a taste of.

* ocurrirse a Alguien una idea = hit on/upon + idea.

* ocurrírsele a Alguien una idea = think up + idea.

* ocurrírsele la idea = come up with + idea.

* pensar en una idea = think up + idea.

* perpetuar una idea preconcebida = perpetuate + preconception.

* plantear una idea = raise + idea.

* plasmar una idea en la realidad = translate + idea into + reality.

* poner a prueba una idea = test + idea, pilot + idea.

* poner en práctica una idea = put + Posesivo + idea + into practice.

* presentar una idea = make + point, put forward + idea, offer + perspective, present + idea.

* probar una idea = test + idea.

* profundizar en una idea = carry + argument + one step further.

* promover una idea = promote + idea, pioneer + idea.

* proponer una idea = advance + proposition, advance + idea, put forward + idea.

* quitar la idea = wipe away + idea.

* recalcar una idea = hammer + point.

* rechazar una idea = turn + idea + down.

* reforzar una idea = reinforce + idea, reinforce + notion, strengthen + the view.

* refutar una idea = quarrel with + notion.

* replantearse las ideas = rethink + Posesivo + ideas.

* representar una idea = dramatise + idea.

* sacar a colación una idea = bring up + idea.

* ser la idea central de = be at the core of, be at the heart of.

* ser partidario de una idea = favour + idea.

* sin idea = clueless.

* sin ideas preconcebidas = open mind.

* sin la menor idea = clueless.

* sopesar una idea = weigh + idea.

* sugerir ideas = contribute + ideas, brainstorm.

* sugerir una idea = advance + proposition, suggest + idea, float + concept.

* suscribir una idea = subscribe to + idea.

* tener idea = have + a clue.

* tener una idea = gain + impression, capture + glimpse, get + a sense of, have + an inkling of, gain + a sense of, have + a clue.

* tener una idea de = gain + idea of.

* tormenta de ideas = brainstorming [brain-storming], brainstorm.

* una idea general = a rough guide.

* unas cuantas ideas = a rough guide.

* utilizar las ideas de (Alguien) = draw on/upon + Posesivo + ideas.

* * *

1)

a) ( concepto) idea

b) (opinión, ideología) idea

c) ( noción) idea

2)

a) ( ocurrencia) idea

b) ( intención) intention, idea

c) ( sugerencia) idea

•

- idea fija

* * *

* * *

1 (concepto) idea

la idea de libertad the idea o concept of freedom

la idea de un dios único the idea o notion of a single God

2 (opinión, ideología) idea

sus ideas políticas his political beliefs o ideas

es de ideas bastante conservadoras she has fairly conservative ideas o views

es un hombre de ideas fijas he has very set ideas about things

yo no soy de la misma idea I don't agree, I don't share your opinion

3 (noción) idea

no tiene idea de cómo funciona he has no idea how it works

no tenía ni idea de todo esto I had no idea about any of this

no tengo idea no idea! o I don't have a clue

no tenía ni la más remota idea or ( Esp fam) ni pajolera idea she didn't have the slightest idea, she didn't have the faintest o foggiest idea ( colloq)

tenía idea de que ibas a llamar I had a feeling you'd call

no tienes idea de lo que he sufrido you have no idea how much I've suffered

para darse or hacerse una idea de la situación to give oneself o to get an idea of the situation

es difícil hacerse una idea de cómo es si no lo has visto it's hard to imagine what it's like if you haven't seen it

esto es sólo una idea del proyecto this is just a general idea of the project

darse idea para algo ( RPl fam); to be good at sth

se da mucha idea para cocinar she's a very good cook

hacerse (a) la idea de algo: ya me voy haciendo (a) la idea de vivir allí I am getting used to the idea of living there now

no se hace (a) la idea de que está muerto she can't accept the fact that he's dead

1 (ocurrencia) idea

se me ocurre or tengo una idea I've got an idea

¡qué ideas se te ocurren! you really o sure get some funny ideas! ( colloq)

¡tú y tus brillantes ideas! ( iró); you and your brilliant ideas! ( iro)

se le metió la idea en la cabeza de ir a escalar la montaña she got it into her head to go and climb the mountain

no sería mala idea hacer las reservas hoy it wouldn't be a bad idea to make the reservations today

¡quítate esa idea de la cabeza! you can get that idea out of your head!

idea de bombero ( Esp fam); crazy idea

2 (intención) intention, idea

no fui con esa idea I didn't go with that idea in mind o with that intention

mi idea era terminarlo hoy my intention was to finish it today, I had intended to finish it today

cambió de idea y tomó el tren she changed her mind and took the train

no han abandonado la idea de ir al parque they haven't given up the idea of going to the park

malo¹ (↑ malo (1))

3 (sugerencia) idea

ideas para el hogar ideas for the home

escriban sus ideas en un papelito please write your suggestions o ideas on a piece of paper

fixed idea, idée fixe

( RPl) (manía): no lo comas con idea stop thinking about it and just eat it

tenerle idea a algn (CS fam); to have sth against sb ( colloq), to have it in for sb ( colloq)

tenerle idea a algo ( fam); to have a thing about sth ( colloq)

* * *

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

◊ la idea de libertad the idea o concept of freedom;

* * *

idea nf

1. [concepto] idea;

la idea del bien y del mal the concept of good and evil;

yo tenía otra idea de Estados Unidos I had a different image of the United States;

tiene una idea peculiar de lo que es la honradez he has a funny idea of (what's meant by) honesty;

hazte a la idea de que no va a venir you'd better start accepting that she isn't going to come;

no conseguía hacerme a la idea de vivir sin ella I couldn't get used to the idea of living without her;

con lo que me has dicho ya me hago una idea de cómo es la escuela from what you've told me I've got a pretty good idea of what the school is like;

no me hago una idea de cómo debió ser I can't imagine what it must have been like

ser una persona de ideas fijas to be a person of fixed ideas

2. [ocurrencia] idea;

una buena/mala idea a good/bad idea;

ha sido muy buena idea escoger este restaurante it was a very good idea to choose this restaurant;

se le ve falto de ideas en su última novela he seems short of ideas in his latest novel;

lo que contaste me dio la idea para el guión what you said to me gave me the idea for the script;

se me ocurre una idea, podríamos… I know what, we could…;

¿a quién se le habrá ocurrido la idea de apagar las luces? can you believe it, somebody's gone and turned the lights out!;

¡más vale que te quites esa idea de la cabeza! you can forget that idea!;

una idea brillante o [m5] luminosa a brilliant idea, a brainwave;

cuando se le mete una idea en la cabeza… when he gets an idea into his head…;

tener ideas de bombero to have wild o crazy ideas

3. [conocimiento, nociones] idea;

la policía no tenía ni idea de quién pudo haber cometido el crimen the police had no idea who could have committed the crime;

no tengo ni idea I haven't got a clue;

no tengo ni idea de física I don't know the first thing about physics;

no tengo (ni) la menor o [m5] la más remota idea I haven't the slightest idea;

no tengo ni pajolera idea I haven't the faintest Br bloody o US goddamn idea;

no tengo ni puta idea I haven't got a fucking clue;

¡ni idea! [como respuesta] search me!, I haven't got a clue!;

tener idea de cómo hacer algo to know how to do sth;

tener una ligera idea to have a vague idea;

por la forma en que maneja las herramientas se ve que tiene idea from the way she's handling the tools, you can tell she knows what she's doing;

¡no tienes idea o [m5] no puedes hacerte una idea de lo duro que fue! you have no idea o you can't imagine how hard it was!

4. [propósito] intention;

nuestra idea es volver pronto we intend to o our intention is to return early;

con la idea de with the idea o intention of;

tener idea de hacer algo to intend to do sth;

a mala idea maliciously;

tener mala idea [ser malintencionado] to be a Br nasty o US real piece of work;

¡mira que tienes mala idea! that's really nasty of you!

5. [opinión] opinion;

mi idea de ella era totalmente errónea I had completely the wrong impression of her;

no tengo una idea formada sobre el tema I don't have a clear opinion on the subject;

cambiar de idea to change one's mind;

yo soy de la idea de que mujeres y hombres deben tener los mismos derechos I'm of the opinion that men and women should have equal rights;

somos de la misma idea we agree, we're of the same opinion

6.

mi padre es de ideas progresistas my father is a progressive o has progressive attitudes;

fue perseguido por sus ideas he was persecuted for his beliefs o ideas

7. CSur [manía]

le tengo idea a eso that drives me nuts;

si te vas a poner el vestido con idea, mejor ponete otra cosa if you're not sure about the dress, you'd do better to wear something else

* * *

f idea;

dar (una) idea de algo give an idea of sth;

hacerse a la idea de que … get used to the idea that …;

no tener ni idea not have a clue

* * *

idea nf

1) : idea, notion

2) : opinion, belief

3) propósito: intention

* * *

idea n idea

1 light, lite.

2 light, venial, slight, unimportant.

3 light, flimsy, flighty, double-quick.

4 lightweight, buoyant, airy, weightless.

fast, quickly, rapidly, swiftly.

* * *

► adjetivo

1 (liviano) light

2 (sin importancia) minor, light

3 (rápido) swift

4 (ágil) agile

5 (frívolo) flippant

\

a la ligera lightly, flippantly

ser ligero,-a de cascos to be irresponsible

tomarse las cosas a la ligera to make light of things, not take things seriously

viajar ligero,-a de peso to travel light

* * *

1) slight

2) light, lightweight

3) quick, agile

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (=poco pesado) [paquete, gas, metal, comida] light; [tela] light, lightweight, thin; [material] lightweight

2) (=leve) [viento, caricia] light; [ruido] slight; [perfume, fragancia] delicate

3) (=poco importante) [enfermedad] minor; [castigo] light

4) (=rápido) swift

- ligero como una bala o el viento

5) (=ágil) agile

6) (=superficial) [conocimiento] slight; [sospecha] sneaking

7) (=frívolo) [carácter, persona] flippant, frivolous; [comentario, tema] flippant; [mujer] pey † loose †

8) (=sin complicaciones) [novela, película] lightweight; [conversación, contexto] light-hearted

9)

ADV (=rápido) [andar, correr] quickly

* * *

- ra adjetivo

1) ( liviano)

a) <paquete/gas/metal> light; < tela> light, thin

b)

c) <comida/masa> light

2) ( leve)

a) <dolor/sabor/olor> slight; < inconveniente> slight, minor; < golpe> gentle, slight

b) <noción/sensación/sospecha> slight

3)

a) ( no serio) < conversación> lighthearted; <película/lectura> lightweight

b) ( frívolo)

4) ( ágil) < movimiento> agile, nimble

5) ( rápido) <persona/animal/vehículo> fast

adverbio quickly, fast

* * *

= mild, slight [sligther -comp., slightest -sup.], light [lighter -comp., lightest -sup.], lightweight [light-weight], light hearted [light-hearted/lighhearted], swift [swifter -comp., swiftest -sup.], swift-footed.

Ex. If the spot stays yellow the paper is decidedly acid; an in-between colour (green, grey, grey-green, yellow-green) indicates mild acidity; while if the spot goes purple, the paper is near-neutral or alkaline.

Ex. The ISBD(CP)'s recommendations are very similar in principle to those for AACR2's 'in' analytics, except for slight changes in punctuation and order.

Ex. One can for the most part be safe in saying that a specialist monograph on neural surgery is not intended to be written or published for light recreational reading.

Ex. David Niven's amusing but very lightweight autobiography 'The Moon's a Balloon' is an excellent example of this phenomenon and it was impossible for the original hardback publishers to forecast the tremendous success of this book.

Ex. Properly read, live literature -- even the quietest or most light-hearted -- may be disturbing, may subvert our view of life.

Ex. For example, books close to the door and the circulation desk may be intended for the user who merely wishes to make a swift selection of items to take away and read elsewhere.

Ex. Hares, wild boar, and swift-footed gazelle roam freely over these vast regions.

----

* a la ligera = lightly.

* a paso ligero = on the double.

* arma ligera = light weapon.

* de pies ligeros = swift-footed.

* industria ligera = light industry.

* ligero como una pluma = light as a feather.

* ligero de cascos = reckless, promiscuous, airheaded.

* ligero de peso = lightweight [light-weight].

* tomar a la ligera = take + lightly.

* tomarse Algo a la ligera = take + Nombre + lightly.

* tomarse las cosas a la ligera = make + light of things.

* tono ligero = light touch.

* vehículo ligero = light vehicle.

* * *

- ra adjetivo

1) ( liviano)

a) <paquete/gas/metal> light; < tela> light, thin

b)

c) <comida/masa> light

2) ( leve)

a) <dolor/sabor/olor> slight; < inconveniente> slight, minor; < golpe> gentle, slight

b) <noción/sensación/sospecha> slight

3)

a) ( no serio) < conversación> lighthearted; <película/lectura> lightweight

b) ( frívolo)

4) ( ágil) < movimiento> agile, nimble

5) ( rápido) <persona/animal/vehículo> fast

adverbio quickly, fast

* * *

* * *

A (liviano)

1 ‹maleta/paquete› light; ‹gas/metal› light; ‹tela/vestido› light, thin

es ligero como una pluma it's (as) light as a feather

material ligero lightweight material

2 ligero DE algo:

salió muy ligera de ropa she went out very lightly dressed

siempre viaja muy ligero de equipaje he always travels very light

3 ‹comida/masa› light; ‹vino› light; ‹perfume› delicate, discreet

vamos a comer algo ligero ahora we're going to have a light meal o snack now

B (leve)

1 ‹dolor/sabor› slight; ‹olor› faint, slight; ‹inconveniente› slight, minor

oyó unos pasos ligeros por el pasillo she heard light steps in the corridor

le dio un golpe ligero en la mano she gave him a gentle smack on the hand

soplaba una brisa ligera there was a slight o light o gentle breeze

cualquier ruido, por muy ligero que sea, la despierta she wakes up at the slightest noise

tiene un sueño muy ligero he's a very light sleeper

2 ‹noción/conocimientos› slight; ‹sensación› slight

un ligero conocimiento del latín a slight knowledge of o a smattering of Latin

tengo la ligera impresión de que nos mintió ( iró); I have the tiniest suspicion that he was lying to us ( iro)

1 (no serio) ‹conversación› lighthearted; ‹película/lectura› lightweight

lo dijo en tono ligero he said it lightheartedly

2 (frívolo) ‹persona› flippant, frivolous

una mujer ligera ( ant); a woman of easy virtue ( datedor hum)

a la ligera ‹actuar› without thinking, hastily

todo se lo toma a la ligera he doesn't take anything seriously

casco

D (ágil) ‹salto/movimiento› agile, nimble

de un salto ligero cruzó el riachuelo she leaped nimbly across the stream

E (rápido) ‹persona/animal/vehículo› fast

¿por qué no vas tú, que eres más ligero? why don't you go? you're quicker o faster than me

un caballo ligero como el viento a horse that runs like the wind

quickly, fast

bébelo ligerito que nos vamos drink it up quickly, we're going

vamos, ligero, que llegamos tarde come on, let's move it o let's get a move on, we're late ( colloq)

* * *

◊ -ra adjetivo

a) ‹paquete/gas/metal› light;

◊ ligero de ropa lightly dressed;

b) ‹comida/masa› light

a) ‹dolor/sabor/olor› slight;

◊ tener el sueño ligero to be a light sleeper

b) ‹sensación/sospecha› slight

◊ a la ligera ‹ actuar› without thinking, hastily;

* * *

♦ adj

1. [de poco peso] light;

ir o [m5] viajar ligero de equipaje to travel light;

iba muy ligera de ropa [provocativa] she was very scantily clad;

ser ligero como una pluma to be as light as a feather

2. [traje, tela] thin

3. [comida] light;

en casa hacemos cenas ligeras we have a light meal in the evening at home

4. [armamento] light

5. [leve] [roce, toque, golpe] light;

sufrieron heridas de ligera consideración they suffered minor injuries;

tengo la ligera impresión de que te equivocas I have a vague feeling that you might be wrong;

tener el sueño ligero to be a light sleeper

6. [literatura, teatro] light;

una comedia ligera a light comedy;

quiero leer algo ligero que no me haga pensar I want to read something light that I don't have to think about too hard

7. [rápido] quick, swift;

caminar a paso ligero to walk at a brisk pace;

tener una mente ligera to be quick-thinking

8. [ágil] agile, nimble

9. [irreflexivo] flippant;

hacer algo a la ligera to do sth without much thought;

juzgar (algo/a alguien) a la ligera to be superficial in one's judgements (about sth/sb);

tomarse algo a la ligera not to take sth seriously;

ser ligero de cascos [irresponsable] to be irresponsible;

♦ adv

ligero, que tengo mucha prisa hurry up, I'm in a rush

* * *

I adj

1 light;

ligero de ropa scantily clad;

a la ligera ( sin pensar) lightly, casually;

tomarse algo a la ligera not take sth seriously

2 ( rápido) rapid, quick

3 movimiento agile, nimble

4 ( leve) slight

II adv quickly

* * *

ligero, -ra adj

1) : light, lightweight

2) : slight, minor

3) : agile, quick

4) : lighthearted, superficial

* * *

ligero adj

1. (en general) light

2. (leve) slight

lire¹ [liʀ]

➭ TABLE 43 transitive verb

to read ; [+ message enregistré] to listen to

• il sait lire l'heure he can tell the time

• là où il y a 634, lire 643 for 634 read 643

• nous espérons vous lire bientôt we hope to hear from you soon

• ce roman se lit facilement/très vite the novel is easy/quick to read

• lire entre les lignes to read between the lines

• la peur se lisait dans ses yeux fear showed in his eyes

• elle m'a lu les lignes de la main she read my palm

lire² [liʀ]

( = argent) lira

* * *

1) ( déchiffrer) to read