-
41 autem
autem, conj. [v. aut init. ], on the other hand, but, yet, however, nevertheless; sometimes an emphasized and (it is never found at the beginning of a clause, but after one or more words; v. fin.; like at, it joins to a preceding thought a new one, either entirely antithetical or simply different; it differs from the restricting sed in like manner with at; v. at init., and cf.: [Popilius imperator tenebat provinciam;I.in cujus exercitu Catonis filius tiro militabat. Cum autem Popilio videretur unam dimittere legionem, Catonis quoque filium... dimisit. Sed cum amore pugnandi in exercitu permansisset, Cato ad Popilium scripsit, etc.],
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 B. and K. (most freq. in philos. lang.; rare in the histt., being used by Caes. only 59 times, by Sall. 23, and by Tac. 31; and very rare in the poets).In joining an entirely antithetical thought, on the contrary, but = at quidem, at vero, se sê, esp. freq. with the pronouns ego, tu, ille, qui, etc.:II.Ait se obligāsse crus fractum Aesculapio, Apollini autem bracchium,
Plaut. Men. 5, 3, 9:Nam injusta ab justis impetrari non decet, Justa autem ab injustis petere insipientiast,
id. Am. prol. 35:ego hic cesso, quia ipse nihil scribo: lego autem libentissime,
Cic. Fam. 16, 22; id. de Or. 1, 25, 115; Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 43: i sane cum illo, Phrygia;tu autem, Eleusium, Huc intro abi ad nos,
id. Aul. 2, 5, 7; id. Capt. 2, 3, 4; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 58; id. Mil. 4, 4, 13; id. Ep. 5, 2, 7; Cic. Ac. 2, 19, 61:mihi ad enarrandum hoc argumentumst comitas, Si ad auscultandum vostra erit benignitas. Qui autem auscultare nolit, exsurgat foras,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 3; so id. Ep. 2, 2, 95; id. Capt. 3, 4, 24:Quid tu aïs, Gnatho? Numquid habes quod contemnas? Quid tu autem, Thraso?
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 22: e principio oriuntur omnia;ipsum autem nullā ex re aliā nasci potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54.—In joining a thought that is simply different.A. a.Absol., as the Gr. se:b.Vehit hic clitellas, vehit hic autem alter senex,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 91:cum Speusippum, sororis filium, Plato philosophiae quasi heredem reliquisset, duo autem praestantissimos studio atque doctrinā, Xenocratem Chalcedonium et Aristotelem Stagiritem, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 17; id. Off. 1, 5, 16:Alexandrum consultum, cui relinqueret regnum, voluisse optimum deligi, judicatum autem ab ipso optimum Perdiccam, cui anulum tradidisset,
Curt. 10, 6, 16:Atque haec in moribus. De benevolentiā autem, quam etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 15, 46 sq.; 1, 23, 81: Sed poëtae quid quemque deceat ex personā judicabunt;nobis autem personam imposuit natura etc.,
id. ib. 1, 28, 97; 1, 28, 98; 1, 43, 152: Quod semper movetur aeternum est;quod autem motum adfert alicui etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 23, 53; 1, 28, 68 sq.; 1, 30, 74; 1, 36, 87.—So sometimes when one conditional sentence is opposed to another, si—sin autem, in Gr. ei men— ei se:Nam si supremus ille dies non exstinctionem, sed commutationem adfert loci, quid optabilius? Sin autem etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117; 1, 49, 118 al.—In adducing an example of a rule:Et Demosthenes autem ad Aeschinem orationem in prooemio convertit, et M. Tullius etc.,
Quint. 4, 1, 66 Spald.;also in passing from a particular to a general thought: Et sane plus habemus quam capimus. Insatiabilis autem avaritia est etc.,
Curt. 8, 8, 12.—Preceded by quidem, as in Gr. men—se (perh. most freq. in Cicero's philosophical works, under the influence of Greek style): Et haec quidem hoc modo;B.nihil autem melius extremo,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:Sed nunc quidem valetudini tribuamus aliquid, cras autem etc.,
id. ib. 1, 49, 119; id. Off. 1, 7, 24; and thus in Tac. several times, but only in Ann. and Or.: bene intellegit ceteros quidem iis niti... Marcellum autem et Crispum attulisse etc., Or. 8; 18 bis; 25; A. 3, 53; 3, 73;4, 28.—So often in transitions from one subject to another: Ac de inferendā quidem injuriā satis dictum est. Praetermittendae autem defensionis etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27 sq.; 1, 13, 41; 1, 45, 160.—So very often in Vulg. in direct reproduction of men—se: Ego quidem baptizo vos in aquā in paenitentiam; qui autem post me etc., Matt. 3, 11; 9, 37; 13, 23; 13, 32; 17, 11 sq.; 23, 28; 25, 33; 26, 24. —Esp.1.In any kind of transition:2.M. Antonius in eo libro, quem unum reliquit, disertos ait se vidisse multos, eloquentem omnino neminem. Vir autem acerrimo ingenio (sic enim fuit) multa etc.,
Cic. Or. 5, 18:hic (pater) prout ipse amabat litteras, omnibus doctrinis, quibus puerilis aetas impertiri debet, filium erudivit: erat autem in puero summa suavitas oris,
Nep. Att. 1, 2;also in questions: Quid autem magno opere Oppianicum metuebat, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 60, 167. Freq. several times repeated:Expetuntur autem divitiae cum ad usus vitae necessarios, tum ad perfruendas voluptates: in quibus autem major est animus, in iis pecuniae cupiditas spectat ad opes, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 8, 24 and 25; cf. Wopkens, Lectt. Tull. pp. 53 and 122: Orbis situm dicere adgredior... Dicam autem alias plura et exactius, Mel. prooem. 2.—In repeating a word from a previous clause, in continuing a train of thought:3.admoneri me satis est: admonebit autem nemo alius nisi rei publicae tempus,
Cic. Pis. 38, 94: disces quam diu voles;tam diu autem velle debebis, quoad etc.,
id. Off. 1, 1, 2:nunc quod agitur, agamus: agitur autem, liberine vivamus an mortem obeamus,
id. Phil. 11, 10, 24. —So esp. in impassioned discourse, Plant. Mil. 3, 1, 84:humanum amare est, humanum autem ignoscere est,
id. Merc. 2, 2, 48; id. Ps. 4, 8, 1:quot potiones mulsi! quot autem prandia!
id. Stich. 1, 3, 68; id. Ep. 5, 2, 6:quā pulchritudine urbem, quibus autem opibus praeditam, servitute oppressam tenuit civitatem,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 57.—Like sed, vero, igitur, etc., in resuming a train of thought interrupted by a parenthesis:4.Omnino illud honestum, quod ex animo excelso magnificoque quaerimus, animi efficitur non corporis viribus: exercendum tamen corpus et ita adficiendum est, ut oboedire consilio rationique possit in exsequendis negotiis et in labore tolerando: honestum autem id, quod exquirimus, totum est positum in animi curā, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 23, 79; 1, 43, 153.—In introducing a parenthetical clause itself: quae autem nos ut recta aut recte facta dicamus, si placet (illi autem appellant katorthômata) omnes numeros virtutis continent, Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 24:5.quod vitium effugere qui volet (omnes autem velle debent) adhibebit etc.,
id. Off. 1, 6, 18; 1, 33, 120; id. Tusc. 1, 33, 80; 1, 36, 88:In primis foedera ac leges (erant autem eae duodecim tabuiae et quaedam regiae leges) conquiri etc.,
Liv. 6, 1, 10; Curt. 4, 6, 2:ex hoc Quodcumque est (minus est autem quam rhetoris aera) Discipuli custos praemordet,
Juv. 7, 217.—In enumerations, for the purpose of adding an important circumstance:6.magnus dicendi labor, magna res, magna dignitas, summa autem gratia,
but, and indeed, Cic. Mur. 13, 29:animis omnes tenduntur insidiae... vel ab eā, quae penitus in omni sensu implicata insidet, imitatrix boni, voluptas, malorum autem mater omnium,
yea, the parent of all evil, id. Leg. 1, 17, 47; id. N. D. 2, 22, 58:docet ratio mathematicorum, luna quantum absit a proxumā Mercurii stellā, multo autem longius a Veneris,
id. Div. 2, 43, 91.—In the syllogism, to introduce the minor proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor; cf. atque, IV. 9., and atqui, II. D.), now, but; but now:7.Aut hoc, aut illud: hoc autem non, igitur illud. Itemque: aut hoc, aut illud: non autem hoc: illud igitur,
Cic. Top. 14, 56:Si lucet, lucet: lucet autem, lucet igitur,
id. Ac. 2, 30, 96:Si dicis te mentiri verumque dicis, mentiris: dicis autem te mentiri verumque dicis: mentiris igitur,
id. ib.; id. Top. 2, 9; id. Tusc. 5, 16, 47.—Like the Gr. se or sê in adding an emphatic question (freq. in the comic poets), but, indeed.a.In gen.:b.Quem te autem deum nominem?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 126:Perii: quid hoc autemst mali?
Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 5:Quī istuc? Quae res te sollicitat autem?
id. Heaut. 2, 3, 10:Quae autem divina? Vigere, sapere, invenire, meminisse,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 65: Quo modo autem moveri animus ad appetendum potest, si id, quod videtur, non percipitur? pôs sê, id. Ac. 2, 8, 25:Quo modo autem tibi placebit JOVEM LAPIDEM jurare, cum scias etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 12, 2:Veni ad Caesarem: quis est autem Caesar?
Flor. 3, 10, 11.—So in exclamations:Quantā delectatione autem adficerer, cum etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 98.—In questions implying rebuke, reproach: Ba. Metuo credere. Ps. Credere autem? eho, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 70: Th. Ego non tangam meam? Ch. Tuam autem, furcifer? yours do you say? yours indeed! Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 28.—c.In a question where a correction is made: Num quis testis Postumum appellavit? testis autem? ( witness did I say?) num accusator? Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 10:8.Alio me vocat numerosa gloria tua: alio autem? quasi vero etc.,
Plin. Pan. 28:Quid tandem isti mali in tam tenerā insulā non fecissent? non fecissent autem? imo quid ante adventum meum non fecerunt?
Cic. Att. 6, 2; 5, 13; 7, 1: Adimas etiam Hispanias? Et si inde cessero, in Africam transcendes. Transcendes autem dico? Liv. 21, 44, 7 Weissenb.—And in questions sed autem are sometimes both used, especially by the comic poets, but indeed, but now, like the Gr. alla—se Alla pou se boulei kathezomenoi anagnômen; Plat. Phaedr. 228 E.):9.Sed autem quid si hanc hinc apstulerit quispiam Sacram urnam Veneris?
Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 15;and separated: Sed quid haec hic autem tam diu ante aedīs stetit?
id. Truc. 2, 3, 14:Attat Phaedriae Pater venit. Sed quid pertimui autem, belua?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 11: Sed quid ego haec autem nequiquam ingrata revolvo? * Verg. A. 2, 101.—Once ast autem: ast autem tenui [p. 212] quae candent lumine Phatnae, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 1170 P. (IV. 2, p. 555 Orell.).—With interjections:► In good prose writers autem is usu.Heia autem inimicos!
Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 20:Ecce autem litigium,
but lo! id. Men. 5, 2, 34; so id. Curc. 1, 2, 41; id. Most. 2, 1, 35; id. Mil. 2, 2, 48; id. Most. 3, 1, 131; 3, 1, 146:Ecce autem alterum,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 6 Ruhnk.:Ecce autem subitum divortium,
Cic. Clu. 5, 14; so id. Verr. 2, 5, 34; id. Leg. 1, 2, 5; id. Rep. 1, 35, 55; id. Or. 9, 30:Ecce autem aliud minus dubium,
Liv. 7, 35, 10:Eccere autem capite nutat,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 52; so id. Pers. 2, 4, 29:eccui autem non proditur [revertenti]?
Cic. Mur. 33, 68.placed after the first word of a clause; but if several words, a subst. and prep., the verb esse with the predicate, a word with a negative, etc., together form one idea, then autem stands after the second or third word. But the poets, especially the comic poets, allow themselves greater liberty, and sometimes place this particle, without any necessity in the nature of the clause, in the third, fourth, or fifth place; but autem is never found in good writers at the beginning of a clause or sentence; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 39. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 558-588. -
42 P
P, p, the fifteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, the character for which is derived from the ancient form of the Greek II (P or P), as is shown by inscriptions and coins, which exhibit the P in these forms.The P -sound, like the K - and T -sounds, was not aspirated in the ancient language; whence the spelling TRIVMPE for triumphe, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.As an initial, P combines, in pure Latin words, only with the consonants l and r; the combinations pn, ps, and pt belong to words borrowed from the Greek, with the sole exception of the pron. suffix pte. — Hence it often disappears before t; as TOLOMEA, Inscr. Fabr. 9, 438.—It has also been dropped before l in the words lanx, Gr. plax; latus, Gr. platus; later, Gr. plinthos, linter, Gr. pluntêr, and others (Corss. Ausspr. 1, 114).—As a medial, its combination with s and t was so acceptable to the Latins that ps and pt are often put for bs and bt; so, OPSIDESQVE and OPTENVI in the Epitaphs of the Scipios; and so, too, in later inscrr.: APSENS, APSENTI, SVPSIGNARE, etc., and in MSS.—A final p occurs only in the apocopated volup.For the very frequent interchange of p and b, see under B.— P is put for v in opilio for ovilio, from ovis.—An instance of its commutation with palatals appears in lupus and lukos, and perhaps also spolium and skulon, spuma and O.H.G. scum, Germ. Schaum, as, on the other hand, equus and hippos, palumba and columba, jecur and hêpar; cf., also, the letter Q.—Its commutation with a lingual is shown in pavo and taôs, and perh. also in hospes and hostis. — P is assimilated to a following f in officina for opificina, and is altogether elided by syncope in Oscus for Opscus.—It is euphonically inserted between ms and mt: sumpsi, sumptum, hiemps for hiems; cf.: exemplum, templum, and late Lat. dampnum.—It is suppressed in amnis for ap-nis from apa = aqua.As an abbreviation, P denotes most frequently the prænomen Publius, but also stands for parte, pater, pedes, pia, pondo, populus, posuerunt, publicus, etc. P. C. stands for patres conscripti, patronus civitatis or coloniae, ponendum curavit, potestate censoriā, etc. P. M. pontifex maximus, patronus municipii, posuit merito. P. P. pater patriae, praepositus, primi pilus, pro parte. P. R. populus Romanus. P. S. pecunia sua. -
43 p
P, p, the fifteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, the character for which is derived from the ancient form of the Greek II (P or P), as is shown by inscriptions and coins, which exhibit the P in these forms.The P -sound, like the K - and T -sounds, was not aspirated in the ancient language; whence the spelling TRIVMPE for triumphe, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.As an initial, P combines, in pure Latin words, only with the consonants l and r; the combinations pn, ps, and pt belong to words borrowed from the Greek, with the sole exception of the pron. suffix pte. — Hence it often disappears before t; as TOLOMEA, Inscr. Fabr. 9, 438.—It has also been dropped before l in the words lanx, Gr. plax; latus, Gr. platus; later, Gr. plinthos, linter, Gr. pluntêr, and others (Corss. Ausspr. 1, 114).—As a medial, its combination with s and t was so acceptable to the Latins that ps and pt are often put for bs and bt; so, OPSIDESQVE and OPTENVI in the Epitaphs of the Scipios; and so, too, in later inscrr.: APSENS, APSENTI, SVPSIGNARE, etc., and in MSS.—A final p occurs only in the apocopated volup.For the very frequent interchange of p and b, see under B.— P is put for v in opilio for ovilio, from ovis.—An instance of its commutation with palatals appears in lupus and lukos, and perhaps also spolium and skulon, spuma and O.H.G. scum, Germ. Schaum, as, on the other hand, equus and hippos, palumba and columba, jecur and hêpar; cf., also, the letter Q.—Its commutation with a lingual is shown in pavo and taôs, and perh. also in hospes and hostis. — P is assimilated to a following f in officina for opificina, and is altogether elided by syncope in Oscus for Opscus.—It is euphonically inserted between ms and mt: sumpsi, sumptum, hiemps for hiems; cf.: exemplum, templum, and late Lat. dampnum.—It is suppressed in amnis for ap-nis from apa = aqua.As an abbreviation, P denotes most frequently the prænomen Publius, but also stands for parte, pater, pedes, pia, pondo, populus, posuerunt, publicus, etc. P. C. stands for patres conscripti, patronus civitatis or coloniae, ponendum curavit, potestate censoriā, etc. P. M. pontifex maximus, patronus municipii, posuit merito. P. P. pater patriae, praepositus, primi pilus, pro parte. P. R. populus Romanus. P. S. pecunia sua. -
44 potis
pŏtis (in the positive rarely declined, and in the neutr. pŏte), adj. ( comp. pŏ-tĭor, ius; sup. pŏtissĭmus, a, um; class. only in the comp.) [Sanscr. patis, lord; Gr. posis, husband; des-potês, lord; Lat. compotis (compos) potiri].I.Posit., able, capable; possible (mostly ante-class. and poet.): divi qui potes pro illo quod Samothraces theoi dunatoi, Varr L. L. 5, § 58 Müll.; Macr. S. 3, 4:II. A.nisi qui colaphos perpeti Potis parasitus,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21.—Usually in the connection potis or pote est, he, she, or it is able, may, or can:at ea supterfugere potis es pauca,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 17: neque sanguis ullo potis est pacto profluens consistere, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: istam non potis est vis saeva exstinguere venti, Poët. ap. Gell. 19, 9, 12:at non Evandrum potis est vis ulla tenere,
Verg. A. 11, 148:quod nunquam potis est sejungi,
Lucr. 1, 452:nec potis est cerni,
id. 5, 719; Cat. 76, 24:qui potis est?
how is it possible? id. 72, 7.—With plur.: si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):duae plus satis dare potis sunt,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 17:quid pastores potis sint,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2.—Without est: quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli? Enn. ap. Diom. p. 381 P. (Ann. v. 178 Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 671; Hor. C. 3, 17, 13.—Form pote:si non aliud pote est,
Cat. 43, 16. Without est:nec devitari letum pote,
Lucr. 3, 1079: viget, veget, utpote plurimum, Varr. ap Non. 2, 876:nec non emptor pote ex empto vendito illum damnare,
id. R. R. 2, 2:nec eniti remis pote,
Val. Fl. 4, 680; Prop. 2, 1, 46:qui pote? vis dicam? nugaris,
Pers. 1, 56:in te dici pote, Id, quod,
Cat. 98, 1:nec peccatum a me quisquam pote dicere quicquam,
id. 67, 11:hoc facito, sive id non pote sive pote,
be it impossible or possible, id. 76, 16:quid pote simplicius?
what can be more simple? Mart. 9, 16, 2:nihil pote supra,
nothing could exceed it, Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11; Auct. ap. Cic. Brut. 46, 172; Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:quantum pote,
as soon as possible, id. ib. 4, 13, 1: quam pote, as much as possible (post-class.):aufugiamus istinc quam pote longissime,
App. M. 1, p. 107, 9; 2, p. 119, 33.—Of persons:B.numquam edepol erit ille potior Harpax, quam ego,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 17; 1, 3, 95:quem aequiust potiorem habere quam te?
id. Stich. 1, 2, 40: qui plus pollet potiorque est patre, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69; id. Fam. 10, 3, 2:itaque cives potiores quam peregrini,
id. Lael. 5, 19:Sosim et Moericum quibus tantam crederem rem, potiores habui,
Liv. 26, 31, 4:at tu, qui potior nunc es,
happier in love, preferred, Tib. 1, 6, 33 (5, 69):ut in judicio possessionis potior esset,
Dig. 18, 1, 34.—Of things, better, stronger, preferable, more useful or important:III. A.nulla potior serenda,
Varr. R. R. 1, 15:sucus,
Plin. 36, 22, 43, § 158:novistine locum potiorem rure beato?
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 14:sententia,
id. Epod. 16, 17:mors civibus Romanis semper fuit servitute potior,
Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 19:illi turpis vita integrā famā potior fuit,
Sall. J. 67, 3:nihil mihi potius fuit quam ut Massinissam convenirem,
I had nothing more important, nothing more urgent to do, Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9:illa semper potiora duxisti, quae, etc.,
id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:semper se rei publicae commoda privatis necessitatibus habuisse potiora,
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.— Subst.:ut probetis potiora,
Vulg. Phil. 1, 10: hem, mater mea, tibi rem potiorem video (sc. verbis), I see a fact stronger than words, i. e. a clearer proof, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 12.—Of persons ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):B.item huic ultro fit, ut Meret, potissimus nostrae domi ut sit,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 9:tantis potissimus umbris,
Stat. Th. 4, 627:potissimos libertorum veneno interficere,
Tac. A. 14, 65.—Of things (class.):A.utrum potius, aut quid potissimum sit, quaeritur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:cura,
Stat. S. 4, 4, 20:nobilitas,
Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 25:opusculum,
Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 10:causa,
Tac. A. 4, 16.—Hence, adv., only in the comp. and sup.Comp.: pŏtĭus, rather, preferably, more (class.; cf.: satius, prius): quo nos vocabis nomine? Ar. Libortos. Le. Non patronos? Ar. Id potius, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 62:2.sed scin', quid volo potius, sodes, facias?
Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 27; id. And. 5, 3, 2:nec vero imperia expetenda: ac potius non accipienda interdum,
Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68.— With quam, Plaut. Aul. 4, 2, 11:Galliam potius esse Ariovisti quam populi Romani,
Caes. B. G. 1, 45.—When the predicates are compared, the verb in the following clause is always in the subj.:perpessus est omnia potius quam conscios indicaret,
rather than, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:in oratione non vis potius quam delectatio postulatur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317:privabo potius illum debito testimonio quam id cum meā laude communicem,
id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:scribam aliquid potius, quam committam ut litterae non reddantur,
id. Att. 5, 6, 2:nos potius nostro delicto plectemur, quam res publica nostra peccata luat,
Liv. 8, 7, 17:per interregem comitia habenda potius, quam consulum alter a bello avocaretur,
id. 22, 23, 10; 9, 14, 16.— So with quam ut:se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur,
Liv. 4, 2, 8: audeo dicere hoc malo domitos ipsos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam ut armati, etc., id. 2, 34, 11; 6, 28, 8; 9, 14, 7.—But after verbs of willing, wishing (sometimes of declaring), the inf. is used:dictatore obstinato tollere potius totum e re publicā consulatum, quam promiscuum facere,
Liv. 7, 21, 1; 23, 9, 8; 21, 13, 8: v. Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 15, 2; Fest. s. v. olivitam, p. 202 Müll.; v. Muuml;ll. ad. loc. p. 203, a. —In an inverted order:quam potius,
Verg. Copa, 5: quid mihi negotii est eum istis nugacibus, quam potius potamus mulsum? C. Titius ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—Sometimes potius is to be supplied:tacita, bona est mulier semper, quam loquens,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 70; id. Men. 5, 1, 26:tamen statuit congredi, quam cum tantis copiis refugere,
Nep. Dat. 8, 1.—Pleon., with words which already express comparison.— Comp., Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:Uticae potius quam Romae esse malle,
Cic. Lig. 2, 5:favorabiliores rei potius, quam actores habentur,
Dig. 50, 17, 167.—Esp., introducing a repetition of a thought in a corrected or strengthened form: aut potius, vel potius, or rather, or I may better say, etc.:B.efficiet enim ratio ut... mors aut malum non sit, aut sit bonum potius,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:quam fuit imbecillus P. Africani filius, quam tenui aut nullā potius valetudine,
id. Sen. 11, 35:erravit aut potius insanivit Apronius?
id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 113:Cato magnus hercule homo, vel potius summus et singularis vir,
id. Brut. 85, 293; Dig. 1, 5, 16.—Sup.: pŏtissĭmē ( pŏtissŭ-), and more freq. pŏtissĭmum ( pŏtissŭ-), chiefly, principally, especially, in preference to all others, above all, most of all (class.).—Form potissime, Cels. 3, 6.—Form potissimum:responde, quo leto censes me ut peream potissimum?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 6, 23:exsistat aliquis et potissimum Caecus ille,
Cic. Cael. 14, 33; id. Mur. 2, 4:nos id potissimum consecuti sumus,
id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:tanta erat contentio, qui potissimum ex magno numero conscenderent, ut,
Caes. B. C. 2, 43:quid agam? aut quo potissimum infelix accedam?
Sall. J. 14, 15; Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2; Lact. 2, 18, 3. -
45 potissimum
pŏtis (in the positive rarely declined, and in the neutr. pŏte), adj. ( comp. pŏ-tĭor, ius; sup. pŏtissĭmus, a, um; class. only in the comp.) [Sanscr. patis, lord; Gr. posis, husband; des-potês, lord; Lat. compotis (compos) potiri].I.Posit., able, capable; possible (mostly ante-class. and poet.): divi qui potes pro illo quod Samothraces theoi dunatoi, Varr L. L. 5, § 58 Müll.; Macr. S. 3, 4:II. A.nisi qui colaphos perpeti Potis parasitus,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21.—Usually in the connection potis or pote est, he, she, or it is able, may, or can:at ea supterfugere potis es pauca,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 17: neque sanguis ullo potis est pacto profluens consistere, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: istam non potis est vis saeva exstinguere venti, Poët. ap. Gell. 19, 9, 12:at non Evandrum potis est vis ulla tenere,
Verg. A. 11, 148:quod nunquam potis est sejungi,
Lucr. 1, 452:nec potis est cerni,
id. 5, 719; Cat. 76, 24:qui potis est?
how is it possible? id. 72, 7.—With plur.: si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):duae plus satis dare potis sunt,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 17:quid pastores potis sint,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2.—Without est: quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli? Enn. ap. Diom. p. 381 P. (Ann. v. 178 Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 671; Hor. C. 3, 17, 13.—Form pote:si non aliud pote est,
Cat. 43, 16. Without est:nec devitari letum pote,
Lucr. 3, 1079: viget, veget, utpote plurimum, Varr. ap Non. 2, 876:nec non emptor pote ex empto vendito illum damnare,
id. R. R. 2, 2:nec eniti remis pote,
Val. Fl. 4, 680; Prop. 2, 1, 46:qui pote? vis dicam? nugaris,
Pers. 1, 56:in te dici pote, Id, quod,
Cat. 98, 1:nec peccatum a me quisquam pote dicere quicquam,
id. 67, 11:hoc facito, sive id non pote sive pote,
be it impossible or possible, id. 76, 16:quid pote simplicius?
what can be more simple? Mart. 9, 16, 2:nihil pote supra,
nothing could exceed it, Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11; Auct. ap. Cic. Brut. 46, 172; Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:quantum pote,
as soon as possible, id. ib. 4, 13, 1: quam pote, as much as possible (post-class.):aufugiamus istinc quam pote longissime,
App. M. 1, p. 107, 9; 2, p. 119, 33.—Of persons:B.numquam edepol erit ille potior Harpax, quam ego,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 17; 1, 3, 95:quem aequiust potiorem habere quam te?
id. Stich. 1, 2, 40: qui plus pollet potiorque est patre, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69; id. Fam. 10, 3, 2:itaque cives potiores quam peregrini,
id. Lael. 5, 19:Sosim et Moericum quibus tantam crederem rem, potiores habui,
Liv. 26, 31, 4:at tu, qui potior nunc es,
happier in love, preferred, Tib. 1, 6, 33 (5, 69):ut in judicio possessionis potior esset,
Dig. 18, 1, 34.—Of things, better, stronger, preferable, more useful or important:III. A.nulla potior serenda,
Varr. R. R. 1, 15:sucus,
Plin. 36, 22, 43, § 158:novistine locum potiorem rure beato?
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 14:sententia,
id. Epod. 16, 17:mors civibus Romanis semper fuit servitute potior,
Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 19:illi turpis vita integrā famā potior fuit,
Sall. J. 67, 3:nihil mihi potius fuit quam ut Massinissam convenirem,
I had nothing more important, nothing more urgent to do, Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9:illa semper potiora duxisti, quae, etc.,
id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:semper se rei publicae commoda privatis necessitatibus habuisse potiora,
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.— Subst.:ut probetis potiora,
Vulg. Phil. 1, 10: hem, mater mea, tibi rem potiorem video (sc. verbis), I see a fact stronger than words, i. e. a clearer proof, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 12.—Of persons ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):B.item huic ultro fit, ut Meret, potissimus nostrae domi ut sit,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 9:tantis potissimus umbris,
Stat. Th. 4, 627:potissimos libertorum veneno interficere,
Tac. A. 14, 65.—Of things (class.):A.utrum potius, aut quid potissimum sit, quaeritur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:cura,
Stat. S. 4, 4, 20:nobilitas,
Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 25:opusculum,
Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 10:causa,
Tac. A. 4, 16.—Hence, adv., only in the comp. and sup.Comp.: pŏtĭus, rather, preferably, more (class.; cf.: satius, prius): quo nos vocabis nomine? Ar. Libortos. Le. Non patronos? Ar. Id potius, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 62:2.sed scin', quid volo potius, sodes, facias?
Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 27; id. And. 5, 3, 2:nec vero imperia expetenda: ac potius non accipienda interdum,
Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68.— With quam, Plaut. Aul. 4, 2, 11:Galliam potius esse Ariovisti quam populi Romani,
Caes. B. G. 1, 45.—When the predicates are compared, the verb in the following clause is always in the subj.:perpessus est omnia potius quam conscios indicaret,
rather than, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:in oratione non vis potius quam delectatio postulatur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317:privabo potius illum debito testimonio quam id cum meā laude communicem,
id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:scribam aliquid potius, quam committam ut litterae non reddantur,
id. Att. 5, 6, 2:nos potius nostro delicto plectemur, quam res publica nostra peccata luat,
Liv. 8, 7, 17:per interregem comitia habenda potius, quam consulum alter a bello avocaretur,
id. 22, 23, 10; 9, 14, 16.— So with quam ut:se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur,
Liv. 4, 2, 8: audeo dicere hoc malo domitos ipsos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam ut armati, etc., id. 2, 34, 11; 6, 28, 8; 9, 14, 7.—But after verbs of willing, wishing (sometimes of declaring), the inf. is used:dictatore obstinato tollere potius totum e re publicā consulatum, quam promiscuum facere,
Liv. 7, 21, 1; 23, 9, 8; 21, 13, 8: v. Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 15, 2; Fest. s. v. olivitam, p. 202 Müll.; v. Muuml;ll. ad. loc. p. 203, a. —In an inverted order:quam potius,
Verg. Copa, 5: quid mihi negotii est eum istis nugacibus, quam potius potamus mulsum? C. Titius ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—Sometimes potius is to be supplied:tacita, bona est mulier semper, quam loquens,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 70; id. Men. 5, 1, 26:tamen statuit congredi, quam cum tantis copiis refugere,
Nep. Dat. 8, 1.—Pleon., with words which already express comparison.— Comp., Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:Uticae potius quam Romae esse malle,
Cic. Lig. 2, 5:favorabiliores rei potius, quam actores habentur,
Dig. 50, 17, 167.—Esp., introducing a repetition of a thought in a corrected or strengthened form: aut potius, vel potius, or rather, or I may better say, etc.:B.efficiet enim ratio ut... mors aut malum non sit, aut sit bonum potius,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:quam fuit imbecillus P. Africani filius, quam tenui aut nullā potius valetudine,
id. Sen. 11, 35:erravit aut potius insanivit Apronius?
id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 113:Cato magnus hercule homo, vel potius summus et singularis vir,
id. Brut. 85, 293; Dig. 1, 5, 16.—Sup.: pŏtissĭmē ( pŏtissŭ-), and more freq. pŏtissĭmum ( pŏtissŭ-), chiefly, principally, especially, in preference to all others, above all, most of all (class.).—Form potissime, Cels. 3, 6.—Form potissimum:responde, quo leto censes me ut peream potissimum?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 6, 23:exsistat aliquis et potissimum Caecus ille,
Cic. Cael. 14, 33; id. Mur. 2, 4:nos id potissimum consecuti sumus,
id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:tanta erat contentio, qui potissimum ex magno numero conscenderent, ut,
Caes. B. C. 2, 43:quid agam? aut quo potissimum infelix accedam?
Sall. J. 14, 15; Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2; Lact. 2, 18, 3. -
46 potissimus
pŏtis (in the positive rarely declined, and in the neutr. pŏte), adj. ( comp. pŏ-tĭor, ius; sup. pŏtissĭmus, a, um; class. only in the comp.) [Sanscr. patis, lord; Gr. posis, husband; des-potês, lord; Lat. compotis (compos) potiri].I.Posit., able, capable; possible (mostly ante-class. and poet.): divi qui potes pro illo quod Samothraces theoi dunatoi, Varr L. L. 5, § 58 Müll.; Macr. S. 3, 4:II. A.nisi qui colaphos perpeti Potis parasitus,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21.—Usually in the connection potis or pote est, he, she, or it is able, may, or can:at ea supterfugere potis es pauca,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 17: neque sanguis ullo potis est pacto profluens consistere, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: istam non potis est vis saeva exstinguere venti, Poët. ap. Gell. 19, 9, 12:at non Evandrum potis est vis ulla tenere,
Verg. A. 11, 148:quod nunquam potis est sejungi,
Lucr. 1, 452:nec potis est cerni,
id. 5, 719; Cat. 76, 24:qui potis est?
how is it possible? id. 72, 7.—With plur.: si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):duae plus satis dare potis sunt,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 17:quid pastores potis sint,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2.—Without est: quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli? Enn. ap. Diom. p. 381 P. (Ann. v. 178 Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 671; Hor. C. 3, 17, 13.—Form pote:si non aliud pote est,
Cat. 43, 16. Without est:nec devitari letum pote,
Lucr. 3, 1079: viget, veget, utpote plurimum, Varr. ap Non. 2, 876:nec non emptor pote ex empto vendito illum damnare,
id. R. R. 2, 2:nec eniti remis pote,
Val. Fl. 4, 680; Prop. 2, 1, 46:qui pote? vis dicam? nugaris,
Pers. 1, 56:in te dici pote, Id, quod,
Cat. 98, 1:nec peccatum a me quisquam pote dicere quicquam,
id. 67, 11:hoc facito, sive id non pote sive pote,
be it impossible or possible, id. 76, 16:quid pote simplicius?
what can be more simple? Mart. 9, 16, 2:nihil pote supra,
nothing could exceed it, Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11; Auct. ap. Cic. Brut. 46, 172; Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:quantum pote,
as soon as possible, id. ib. 4, 13, 1: quam pote, as much as possible (post-class.):aufugiamus istinc quam pote longissime,
App. M. 1, p. 107, 9; 2, p. 119, 33.—Of persons:B.numquam edepol erit ille potior Harpax, quam ego,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 17; 1, 3, 95:quem aequiust potiorem habere quam te?
id. Stich. 1, 2, 40: qui plus pollet potiorque est patre, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69; id. Fam. 10, 3, 2:itaque cives potiores quam peregrini,
id. Lael. 5, 19:Sosim et Moericum quibus tantam crederem rem, potiores habui,
Liv. 26, 31, 4:at tu, qui potior nunc es,
happier in love, preferred, Tib. 1, 6, 33 (5, 69):ut in judicio possessionis potior esset,
Dig. 18, 1, 34.—Of things, better, stronger, preferable, more useful or important:III. A.nulla potior serenda,
Varr. R. R. 1, 15:sucus,
Plin. 36, 22, 43, § 158:novistine locum potiorem rure beato?
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 14:sententia,
id. Epod. 16, 17:mors civibus Romanis semper fuit servitute potior,
Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 19:illi turpis vita integrā famā potior fuit,
Sall. J. 67, 3:nihil mihi potius fuit quam ut Massinissam convenirem,
I had nothing more important, nothing more urgent to do, Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9:illa semper potiora duxisti, quae, etc.,
id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:semper se rei publicae commoda privatis necessitatibus habuisse potiora,
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.— Subst.:ut probetis potiora,
Vulg. Phil. 1, 10: hem, mater mea, tibi rem potiorem video (sc. verbis), I see a fact stronger than words, i. e. a clearer proof, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 12.—Of persons ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):B.item huic ultro fit, ut Meret, potissimus nostrae domi ut sit,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 9:tantis potissimus umbris,
Stat. Th. 4, 627:potissimos libertorum veneno interficere,
Tac. A. 14, 65.—Of things (class.):A.utrum potius, aut quid potissimum sit, quaeritur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:cura,
Stat. S. 4, 4, 20:nobilitas,
Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 25:opusculum,
Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 10:causa,
Tac. A. 4, 16.—Hence, adv., only in the comp. and sup.Comp.: pŏtĭus, rather, preferably, more (class.; cf.: satius, prius): quo nos vocabis nomine? Ar. Libortos. Le. Non patronos? Ar. Id potius, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 62:2.sed scin', quid volo potius, sodes, facias?
Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 27; id. And. 5, 3, 2:nec vero imperia expetenda: ac potius non accipienda interdum,
Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68.— With quam, Plaut. Aul. 4, 2, 11:Galliam potius esse Ariovisti quam populi Romani,
Caes. B. G. 1, 45.—When the predicates are compared, the verb in the following clause is always in the subj.:perpessus est omnia potius quam conscios indicaret,
rather than, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:in oratione non vis potius quam delectatio postulatur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317:privabo potius illum debito testimonio quam id cum meā laude communicem,
id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:scribam aliquid potius, quam committam ut litterae non reddantur,
id. Att. 5, 6, 2:nos potius nostro delicto plectemur, quam res publica nostra peccata luat,
Liv. 8, 7, 17:per interregem comitia habenda potius, quam consulum alter a bello avocaretur,
id. 22, 23, 10; 9, 14, 16.— So with quam ut:se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur,
Liv. 4, 2, 8: audeo dicere hoc malo domitos ipsos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam ut armati, etc., id. 2, 34, 11; 6, 28, 8; 9, 14, 7.—But after verbs of willing, wishing (sometimes of declaring), the inf. is used:dictatore obstinato tollere potius totum e re publicā consulatum, quam promiscuum facere,
Liv. 7, 21, 1; 23, 9, 8; 21, 13, 8: v. Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 15, 2; Fest. s. v. olivitam, p. 202 Müll.; v. Muuml;ll. ad. loc. p. 203, a. —In an inverted order:quam potius,
Verg. Copa, 5: quid mihi negotii est eum istis nugacibus, quam potius potamus mulsum? C. Titius ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—Sometimes potius is to be supplied:tacita, bona est mulier semper, quam loquens,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 70; id. Men. 5, 1, 26:tamen statuit congredi, quam cum tantis copiis refugere,
Nep. Dat. 8, 1.—Pleon., with words which already express comparison.— Comp., Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:Uticae potius quam Romae esse malle,
Cic. Lig. 2, 5:favorabiliores rei potius, quam actores habentur,
Dig. 50, 17, 167.—Esp., introducing a repetition of a thought in a corrected or strengthened form: aut potius, vel potius, or rather, or I may better say, etc.:B.efficiet enim ratio ut... mors aut malum non sit, aut sit bonum potius,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:quam fuit imbecillus P. Africani filius, quam tenui aut nullā potius valetudine,
id. Sen. 11, 35:erravit aut potius insanivit Apronius?
id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 113:Cato magnus hercule homo, vel potius summus et singularis vir,
id. Brut. 85, 293; Dig. 1, 5, 16.—Sup.: pŏtissĭmē ( pŏtissŭ-), and more freq. pŏtissĭmum ( pŏtissŭ-), chiefly, principally, especially, in preference to all others, above all, most of all (class.).—Form potissime, Cels. 3, 6.—Form potissimum:responde, quo leto censes me ut peream potissimum?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 6, 23:exsistat aliquis et potissimum Caecus ille,
Cic. Cael. 14, 33; id. Mur. 2, 4:nos id potissimum consecuti sumus,
id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:tanta erat contentio, qui potissimum ex magno numero conscenderent, ut,
Caes. B. C. 2, 43:quid agam? aut quo potissimum infelix accedam?
Sall. J. 14, 15; Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2; Lact. 2, 18, 3. -
47 potissume
pŏtis (in the positive rarely declined, and in the neutr. pŏte), adj. ( comp. pŏ-tĭor, ius; sup. pŏtissĭmus, a, um; class. only in the comp.) [Sanscr. patis, lord; Gr. posis, husband; des-potês, lord; Lat. compotis (compos) potiri].I.Posit., able, capable; possible (mostly ante-class. and poet.): divi qui potes pro illo quod Samothraces theoi dunatoi, Varr L. L. 5, § 58 Müll.; Macr. S. 3, 4:II. A.nisi qui colaphos perpeti Potis parasitus,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21.—Usually in the connection potis or pote est, he, she, or it is able, may, or can:at ea supterfugere potis es pauca,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 17: neque sanguis ullo potis est pacto profluens consistere, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: istam non potis est vis saeva exstinguere venti, Poët. ap. Gell. 19, 9, 12:at non Evandrum potis est vis ulla tenere,
Verg. A. 11, 148:quod nunquam potis est sejungi,
Lucr. 1, 452:nec potis est cerni,
id. 5, 719; Cat. 76, 24:qui potis est?
how is it possible? id. 72, 7.—With plur.: si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):duae plus satis dare potis sunt,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 17:quid pastores potis sint,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2.—Without est: quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli? Enn. ap. Diom. p. 381 P. (Ann. v. 178 Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 671; Hor. C. 3, 17, 13.—Form pote:si non aliud pote est,
Cat. 43, 16. Without est:nec devitari letum pote,
Lucr. 3, 1079: viget, veget, utpote plurimum, Varr. ap Non. 2, 876:nec non emptor pote ex empto vendito illum damnare,
id. R. R. 2, 2:nec eniti remis pote,
Val. Fl. 4, 680; Prop. 2, 1, 46:qui pote? vis dicam? nugaris,
Pers. 1, 56:in te dici pote, Id, quod,
Cat. 98, 1:nec peccatum a me quisquam pote dicere quicquam,
id. 67, 11:hoc facito, sive id non pote sive pote,
be it impossible or possible, id. 76, 16:quid pote simplicius?
what can be more simple? Mart. 9, 16, 2:nihil pote supra,
nothing could exceed it, Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11; Auct. ap. Cic. Brut. 46, 172; Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:quantum pote,
as soon as possible, id. ib. 4, 13, 1: quam pote, as much as possible (post-class.):aufugiamus istinc quam pote longissime,
App. M. 1, p. 107, 9; 2, p. 119, 33.—Of persons:B.numquam edepol erit ille potior Harpax, quam ego,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 17; 1, 3, 95:quem aequiust potiorem habere quam te?
id. Stich. 1, 2, 40: qui plus pollet potiorque est patre, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69; id. Fam. 10, 3, 2:itaque cives potiores quam peregrini,
id. Lael. 5, 19:Sosim et Moericum quibus tantam crederem rem, potiores habui,
Liv. 26, 31, 4:at tu, qui potior nunc es,
happier in love, preferred, Tib. 1, 6, 33 (5, 69):ut in judicio possessionis potior esset,
Dig. 18, 1, 34.—Of things, better, stronger, preferable, more useful or important:III. A.nulla potior serenda,
Varr. R. R. 1, 15:sucus,
Plin. 36, 22, 43, § 158:novistine locum potiorem rure beato?
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 14:sententia,
id. Epod. 16, 17:mors civibus Romanis semper fuit servitute potior,
Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 19:illi turpis vita integrā famā potior fuit,
Sall. J. 67, 3:nihil mihi potius fuit quam ut Massinissam convenirem,
I had nothing more important, nothing more urgent to do, Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9:illa semper potiora duxisti, quae, etc.,
id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:semper se rei publicae commoda privatis necessitatibus habuisse potiora,
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.— Subst.:ut probetis potiora,
Vulg. Phil. 1, 10: hem, mater mea, tibi rem potiorem video (sc. verbis), I see a fact stronger than words, i. e. a clearer proof, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 12.—Of persons ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):B.item huic ultro fit, ut Meret, potissimus nostrae domi ut sit,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 9:tantis potissimus umbris,
Stat. Th. 4, 627:potissimos libertorum veneno interficere,
Tac. A. 14, 65.—Of things (class.):A.utrum potius, aut quid potissimum sit, quaeritur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:cura,
Stat. S. 4, 4, 20:nobilitas,
Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 25:opusculum,
Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 10:causa,
Tac. A. 4, 16.—Hence, adv., only in the comp. and sup.Comp.: pŏtĭus, rather, preferably, more (class.; cf.: satius, prius): quo nos vocabis nomine? Ar. Libortos. Le. Non patronos? Ar. Id potius, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 62:2.sed scin', quid volo potius, sodes, facias?
Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 27; id. And. 5, 3, 2:nec vero imperia expetenda: ac potius non accipienda interdum,
Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68.— With quam, Plaut. Aul. 4, 2, 11:Galliam potius esse Ariovisti quam populi Romani,
Caes. B. G. 1, 45.—When the predicates are compared, the verb in the following clause is always in the subj.:perpessus est omnia potius quam conscios indicaret,
rather than, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:in oratione non vis potius quam delectatio postulatur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317:privabo potius illum debito testimonio quam id cum meā laude communicem,
id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:scribam aliquid potius, quam committam ut litterae non reddantur,
id. Att. 5, 6, 2:nos potius nostro delicto plectemur, quam res publica nostra peccata luat,
Liv. 8, 7, 17:per interregem comitia habenda potius, quam consulum alter a bello avocaretur,
id. 22, 23, 10; 9, 14, 16.— So with quam ut:se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur,
Liv. 4, 2, 8: audeo dicere hoc malo domitos ipsos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam ut armati, etc., id. 2, 34, 11; 6, 28, 8; 9, 14, 7.—But after verbs of willing, wishing (sometimes of declaring), the inf. is used:dictatore obstinato tollere potius totum e re publicā consulatum, quam promiscuum facere,
Liv. 7, 21, 1; 23, 9, 8; 21, 13, 8: v. Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 15, 2; Fest. s. v. olivitam, p. 202 Müll.; v. Muuml;ll. ad. loc. p. 203, a. —In an inverted order:quam potius,
Verg. Copa, 5: quid mihi negotii est eum istis nugacibus, quam potius potamus mulsum? C. Titius ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—Sometimes potius is to be supplied:tacita, bona est mulier semper, quam loquens,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 70; id. Men. 5, 1, 26:tamen statuit congredi, quam cum tantis copiis refugere,
Nep. Dat. 8, 1.—Pleon., with words which already express comparison.— Comp., Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:Uticae potius quam Romae esse malle,
Cic. Lig. 2, 5:favorabiliores rei potius, quam actores habentur,
Dig. 50, 17, 167.—Esp., introducing a repetition of a thought in a corrected or strengthened form: aut potius, vel potius, or rather, or I may better say, etc.:B.efficiet enim ratio ut... mors aut malum non sit, aut sit bonum potius,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:quam fuit imbecillus P. Africani filius, quam tenui aut nullā potius valetudine,
id. Sen. 11, 35:erravit aut potius insanivit Apronius?
id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 113:Cato magnus hercule homo, vel potius summus et singularis vir,
id. Brut. 85, 293; Dig. 1, 5, 16.—Sup.: pŏtissĭmē ( pŏtissŭ-), and more freq. pŏtissĭmum ( pŏtissŭ-), chiefly, principally, especially, in preference to all others, above all, most of all (class.).—Form potissime, Cels. 3, 6.—Form potissimum:responde, quo leto censes me ut peream potissimum?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 6, 23:exsistat aliquis et potissimum Caecus ille,
Cic. Cael. 14, 33; id. Mur. 2, 4:nos id potissimum consecuti sumus,
id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:tanta erat contentio, qui potissimum ex magno numero conscenderent, ut,
Caes. B. C. 2, 43:quid agam? aut quo potissimum infelix accedam?
Sall. J. 14, 15; Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2; Lact. 2, 18, 3. -
48 potissumum
pŏtis (in the positive rarely declined, and in the neutr. pŏte), adj. ( comp. pŏ-tĭor, ius; sup. pŏtissĭmus, a, um; class. only in the comp.) [Sanscr. patis, lord; Gr. posis, husband; des-potês, lord; Lat. compotis (compos) potiri].I.Posit., able, capable; possible (mostly ante-class. and poet.): divi qui potes pro illo quod Samothraces theoi dunatoi, Varr L. L. 5, § 58 Müll.; Macr. S. 3, 4:II. A.nisi qui colaphos perpeti Potis parasitus,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21.—Usually in the connection potis or pote est, he, she, or it is able, may, or can:at ea supterfugere potis es pauca,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 17: neque sanguis ullo potis est pacto profluens consistere, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: istam non potis est vis saeva exstinguere venti, Poët. ap. Gell. 19, 9, 12:at non Evandrum potis est vis ulla tenere,
Verg. A. 11, 148:quod nunquam potis est sejungi,
Lucr. 1, 452:nec potis est cerni,
id. 5, 719; Cat. 76, 24:qui potis est?
how is it possible? id. 72, 7.—With plur.: si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):duae plus satis dare potis sunt,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 17:quid pastores potis sint,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2.—Without est: quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli? Enn. ap. Diom. p. 381 P. (Ann. v. 178 Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 671; Hor. C. 3, 17, 13.—Form pote:si non aliud pote est,
Cat. 43, 16. Without est:nec devitari letum pote,
Lucr. 3, 1079: viget, veget, utpote plurimum, Varr. ap Non. 2, 876:nec non emptor pote ex empto vendito illum damnare,
id. R. R. 2, 2:nec eniti remis pote,
Val. Fl. 4, 680; Prop. 2, 1, 46:qui pote? vis dicam? nugaris,
Pers. 1, 56:in te dici pote, Id, quod,
Cat. 98, 1:nec peccatum a me quisquam pote dicere quicquam,
id. 67, 11:hoc facito, sive id non pote sive pote,
be it impossible or possible, id. 76, 16:quid pote simplicius?
what can be more simple? Mart. 9, 16, 2:nihil pote supra,
nothing could exceed it, Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11; Auct. ap. Cic. Brut. 46, 172; Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:quantum pote,
as soon as possible, id. ib. 4, 13, 1: quam pote, as much as possible (post-class.):aufugiamus istinc quam pote longissime,
App. M. 1, p. 107, 9; 2, p. 119, 33.—Of persons:B.numquam edepol erit ille potior Harpax, quam ego,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 17; 1, 3, 95:quem aequiust potiorem habere quam te?
id. Stich. 1, 2, 40: qui plus pollet potiorque est patre, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69; id. Fam. 10, 3, 2:itaque cives potiores quam peregrini,
id. Lael. 5, 19:Sosim et Moericum quibus tantam crederem rem, potiores habui,
Liv. 26, 31, 4:at tu, qui potior nunc es,
happier in love, preferred, Tib. 1, 6, 33 (5, 69):ut in judicio possessionis potior esset,
Dig. 18, 1, 34.—Of things, better, stronger, preferable, more useful or important:III. A.nulla potior serenda,
Varr. R. R. 1, 15:sucus,
Plin. 36, 22, 43, § 158:novistine locum potiorem rure beato?
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 14:sententia,
id. Epod. 16, 17:mors civibus Romanis semper fuit servitute potior,
Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 19:illi turpis vita integrā famā potior fuit,
Sall. J. 67, 3:nihil mihi potius fuit quam ut Massinissam convenirem,
I had nothing more important, nothing more urgent to do, Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9:illa semper potiora duxisti, quae, etc.,
id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:semper se rei publicae commoda privatis necessitatibus habuisse potiora,
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.— Subst.:ut probetis potiora,
Vulg. Phil. 1, 10: hem, mater mea, tibi rem potiorem video (sc. verbis), I see a fact stronger than words, i. e. a clearer proof, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 12.—Of persons ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):B.item huic ultro fit, ut Meret, potissimus nostrae domi ut sit,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 9:tantis potissimus umbris,
Stat. Th. 4, 627:potissimos libertorum veneno interficere,
Tac. A. 14, 65.—Of things (class.):A.utrum potius, aut quid potissimum sit, quaeritur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:cura,
Stat. S. 4, 4, 20:nobilitas,
Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 25:opusculum,
Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 10:causa,
Tac. A. 4, 16.—Hence, adv., only in the comp. and sup.Comp.: pŏtĭus, rather, preferably, more (class.; cf.: satius, prius): quo nos vocabis nomine? Ar. Libortos. Le. Non patronos? Ar. Id potius, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 62:2.sed scin', quid volo potius, sodes, facias?
Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 27; id. And. 5, 3, 2:nec vero imperia expetenda: ac potius non accipienda interdum,
Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68.— With quam, Plaut. Aul. 4, 2, 11:Galliam potius esse Ariovisti quam populi Romani,
Caes. B. G. 1, 45.—When the predicates are compared, the verb in the following clause is always in the subj.:perpessus est omnia potius quam conscios indicaret,
rather than, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:in oratione non vis potius quam delectatio postulatur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317:privabo potius illum debito testimonio quam id cum meā laude communicem,
id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:scribam aliquid potius, quam committam ut litterae non reddantur,
id. Att. 5, 6, 2:nos potius nostro delicto plectemur, quam res publica nostra peccata luat,
Liv. 8, 7, 17:per interregem comitia habenda potius, quam consulum alter a bello avocaretur,
id. 22, 23, 10; 9, 14, 16.— So with quam ut:se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur,
Liv. 4, 2, 8: audeo dicere hoc malo domitos ipsos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam ut armati, etc., id. 2, 34, 11; 6, 28, 8; 9, 14, 7.—But after verbs of willing, wishing (sometimes of declaring), the inf. is used:dictatore obstinato tollere potius totum e re publicā consulatum, quam promiscuum facere,
Liv. 7, 21, 1; 23, 9, 8; 21, 13, 8: v. Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 15, 2; Fest. s. v. olivitam, p. 202 Müll.; v. Muuml;ll. ad. loc. p. 203, a. —In an inverted order:quam potius,
Verg. Copa, 5: quid mihi negotii est eum istis nugacibus, quam potius potamus mulsum? C. Titius ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—Sometimes potius is to be supplied:tacita, bona est mulier semper, quam loquens,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 70; id. Men. 5, 1, 26:tamen statuit congredi, quam cum tantis copiis refugere,
Nep. Dat. 8, 1.—Pleon., with words which already express comparison.— Comp., Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:Uticae potius quam Romae esse malle,
Cic. Lig. 2, 5:favorabiliores rei potius, quam actores habentur,
Dig. 50, 17, 167.—Esp., introducing a repetition of a thought in a corrected or strengthened form: aut potius, vel potius, or rather, or I may better say, etc.:B.efficiet enim ratio ut... mors aut malum non sit, aut sit bonum potius,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:quam fuit imbecillus P. Africani filius, quam tenui aut nullā potius valetudine,
id. Sen. 11, 35:erravit aut potius insanivit Apronius?
id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 113:Cato magnus hercule homo, vel potius summus et singularis vir,
id. Brut. 85, 293; Dig. 1, 5, 16.—Sup.: pŏtissĭmē ( pŏtissŭ-), and more freq. pŏtissĭmum ( pŏtissŭ-), chiefly, principally, especially, in preference to all others, above all, most of all (class.).—Form potissime, Cels. 3, 6.—Form potissimum:responde, quo leto censes me ut peream potissimum?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 6, 23:exsistat aliquis et potissimum Caecus ille,
Cic. Cael. 14, 33; id. Mur. 2, 4:nos id potissimum consecuti sumus,
id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:tanta erat contentio, qui potissimum ex magno numero conscenderent, ut,
Caes. B. C. 2, 43:quid agam? aut quo potissimum infelix accedam?
Sall. J. 14, 15; Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2; Lact. 2, 18, 3. -
49 satis
satis adj. (for comp. see satius), n indecl. [2 SA-].—Only nom. and acc, enough, sufficient, satisfactory, ample, adequate: cui satis una Farris libra foret, H.: Duo talenta pro re nostrā ego esse decrevi satis, T.: si ad arcendum Italiā Poenum consul satis esset, L.: animo istuc satis est, auribus non satis: qui non sentirent, quid esset satis: avidior, quam satis est, gloriae: poenas dedit usque superque Quam satis est, H.: ut ea modo exercitui satis superque foret, S.: satis una excidia, V.: satis erat respondere ‘magnas’; ‘ingentīs,’ inquit: nunc libertatem repeti satis est, L.: Fabio satis visum, ut ovans urbem iniret, L.: vos satis habebitis animam retinere, will be content, S.: si non satis habet avaritiam explere, is not satisfied: non satis habitum est quaeri quid... verum etiam, etc., it was not thought sufficient: ut Lacedaemonii satis haberent, si salvi esse possent, were content, N.: senatus censuit satis habendum, quod praetor ius iurandum polliceretur, must be accepted as satisfactory, L.—As subst n., enough, a sufficiency: satis superque dictum est: Satis mihi id habeam supplici, T.: ea amicitia non satis habet firmitatis: satis est tibi in te praesidi: Iam satis terris nivis misit pater, H.: satis superque esse sibi suarum cuique rerum.—In law, satisfaction, security, guaranty, in phrases with do (less correctly as one word, satisdo) and accipio: quibus a me verbis satis accipiet, isdem ipse satis det, in the same form in which he takes security from me, let him give it: iudicatum solvi satis daturos esse dicebant, for the payment of the judgment: de satis dando vero te rogo... tu ut satis des, give bonds. —As adv., enough, sufficiently, adequately, amply, fully: ego istuc satis scio, T.: satis esse arbitror demonstratum: Satis superque me benignitas tua ditavit, H.: pugnatur acriter, agitur tamen satis, i. e. it goes on satisfactorily: existimasti satis cautum tibi ad defensionem fore, si, etc., that you would have secured your defence well enough: mulier satis locuples: satis superque humilis est, qui, etc., L.: Satis scite, T.: satis opportune accidisse, Cs.— Enough, just, tolerably, moderately, somewhat: Sy. (mulier) formā luculentā. Ch. sic satis, T.: satis litteratus: satis bene pascere, pretty well ; see also satisdato, satis facio.* * *Ienough, adequately; sufficiently; well enough, quite; fairly, prettyIIenough, adequate, sufficient; satisfactory -
50 enim
ĕnim, conj. [comp. of ĕ for pronom. stem i, and nam], a demonstrative corroborative particle. (Its position is regularly after the first word, or the first two or more closely connected words in the sentence;I.only in the comic writers sometimes at the beginning. Put after est in the fourth place: in eo est enim illud,
Cic. Off. 1, 20, 67:ab omnibus est enim, etc.,
id. Deiot. 13, 37;al., see below. Put after quoque: id quoque enim traditur,
Liv. 2, 18; 3, 50; 23, 12; 27, 22; 30, 1; 33, 30; 36, 27; but not in Cicero, v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 108, p. 325.—Sometimes it divides an apparent compound:quotus enim quisque,
Tac. Or. 26 fin.)To corroborate a preceding assertion, like equidem, certe, vero; hence freq. connected with these particles, esp. with vero (v. under B.), truly, certainly, to be sure, indeed, in fact: Ch. Te uxor aiebat tua Me vocare. St. Ego enim vocari jussi, certainly, I did order you to be called, Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 2:B.ornanda est enim dignitas domo,
Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139:in his est enim aliqua obscuritas,
in fact, indeed, id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78:ille (Dumnorix) enim revocatus resistere ac se manu defendere coepit,
in fact, indeed, Caes. B. G. 5, 7, 8:tum M. Metilius, id enim ferendum esse negat,
it was really not to be endured, Liv. 22, 25:enim istaec captio est,
this is clearly a trick, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 36:enim me nominat,
positively he mentions my name, id. Trin. 5, 2, 10:enim non ibis nunc vicissim, nisi scio,
you shall positively not go, id. Pers. 2, 2, 54; id. Capt. 3, 4, 60; cf. id. Most. 5, 2, 12: Th. Quid tute tecum? Tr. Nihil enim, nothing truly, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 24; so,nihil enim,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 22; id. Hec. 5, 4, 10; cf.:enim nihil,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 51: Pa. Quid metuis? Se. Enim ne nosmet perdiderimus uspiam, id. Mil. 2, 5, 19:tua pol refert enim,
id. Stich. 4, 2, 36:certe enim hic nescio quis loquitur,
id. Am. 1, 1, 175:certe enim,
id. ib. 2, 2, 26; id. As. 3, 3, 24; Ter. And. 3, 2, 23.—So too in ironical or indignant discourse:tu enim repertu's Philocratem qui superes veriverbio!
you indeed! Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 36:ex his duo sibi putant concedi: neque enim quisquam repugnat,
Cic. Ac. 2, 13, 41 Goer.; cf. id. Mil. 3, 8; id. Deiot. 12, 33 sq.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 13; id. Phil. 7, 8; Liv. 7, 32; 34, 7; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 44 al.:non assequimur. Isti enim videlicet Attici nostri quod volunt, assequuntur,
Cic. Brut. 84, 288;so (with videlicet),
id. Font. 9, 19; id. Cat. 2, 6, 12: Ca. Faxo haut tantillum dederis verborum mihi. Me. Nempe enim tu, credo, me imprudentem obrepseris, yes, indeed, I believe you are trying to take me in, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 23.—Strengthened by vero, and combined with it into one word, ĕnimvēro (unlike enim, usually beginning the sentence), yes indeed, yes truly, of a truth, to be sure, certainly, indeed:II.enimvero Chremes nimis graviter cruciat adulescentulum,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 1:enimvero, inquit Crassus, mirari satis non queo, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 36; Liv. 5, 25; 1, 51 fin.:postridie mane ab eo postulo, ut, etc.: ille enimvero negat,
and of a truth, he denies it, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66; so,ille enimvero,
id. ib. 2, 5, 39; Liv. 3, 35 fin.:hic enimvero,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60:enimvero iste,
id. ib. 2, 3, 25.—In corroborating replies (cf. certe, I. A. 2.): Me. Ain vero? So. Aio enimvero, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 188; cf. id. Pers. 2, 2, 2: Sy. Eho, quaeso, an tu is es? Ch. Is enim vero sum, id. Trin. 4, 2, 145: Al. Tun' te abisse hodie hinc negas? Am. Nego enimvero, id. Am. 2, 2, 127; id. As. 3, 3, 98; id. Am. 1, 1, 254: Pa. Incommode hercle. Ch. Immo enimvero infeliciter, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 37.—And in ironical or indignant discourse: Da. Ubi voles, arcesse. Si. Bene sane:id enimvero hic nunc abest,
that, to be sure, is wanting here as yet, Ter. And. 5, 2, 7; id. Phorm. 3, 1, 1:enimvero ferendum hoc quidem non est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26; Liv. 43, 1; cf. id. 6, 14; 25, 41; 27, 30; 33, 46; 34, 58.Transf.A.To prove or show the grounds of a preceding assertion, for: haec sunt non nugae;2.non enim mortualia,
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 63:mihi vero omne tempus est ad meos libros vacuum: numquam enim sunt illi occupati,
Cic. Rep. 1, 9:quas (geometricas formas) ut vidisset, exclamavisse, ut bono essent animo, videre enim se hominum vestigia,
id. ib. 1, 17 et saep. —In parenthetical sentences:quocirca (dicendum est enim saepius), cum judicaveris, diligere oportet,
Cic. Lael. 22, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 24, 58; id. Ac. 2, 7, 22:rumpor et invideo (quid enim non omnia narrem?), etc.,
Ov. H. 16, 221:di maris et caeli (quid enim nisi vota supersunt?), etc.,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 1 et saep.—Sometimes the assertion, the reason for which is given, is to be mentally supplied, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; cf. id. de Or. 2, 6, 24; id. Leg. 2, 7, 17: Am. Qui istuc potis est fieri, quaeso, ut dicis, jam dudum, modo? Al. Quid enim censes? te ut deludam contra? etc., what then do you think? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 62; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10; Hor. S. 2, 3, 124; Curt. 5, 8; 10, 2 al.—So the expression: quid enim dicam? commonly ellipt.: quid enim? qs. for what can be objected to the assertion just made? quid enim de T. Tatio Sabino dicam, Liv. 4, 3, 12:B.quid enim? fortemne possumus dicere eundem illum Torquatum?
Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 72; 2, 28, 93; id. Fam. 5, 15, 2; Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 2; Hor. S. 1, 1, 7; 2, 3, 132 et saep.—To explain a preceding assertion, for instance, namely: Sy. Si futurum est, do tibi operam hanc. Mi. Quomodo? Ut enim, ubi mihi vapulandumst, tu corium sufferas, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 33; Sc Metuo maxime. Pa. Quid metuis? Sc. Enim ne nos nosmet perdiderimus, id. Mil. 2, 5, 19: Lu. Di me perdant, si bibi, Si bibere potui. Pa. Qui jam? Lu. Quia enim obsorbui, why because, id. ib. 3, 2, 21; id. Am. 2, 2, 34; id. Capt. 4, 2, 104; id. Cas. 2, 6, 33; Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 14:quod enim,
App. M. 9, p. 228, 16: non igitur videtur nec frumentarius ille Rhodios nec hic aedium venditor celare emptores debuisse. Neque enim id est celare, quicquid reticeas;sed cum, etc.,
Cic. Off. 3, 13 fin.:antiquissimam sententiam, tum omnium populorum et gentium consensu comprobatam sequor. Duo sunt enim divinandi genera, etc.,
id. Div. 1, 6, 11; cf. id. de Imp. Pomp. 2, 6. See Hand, Turs. II. p. 374-409. -
51 I
I, i, the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet, a vowel; for even the old grammarians distinguished it from the consonant written with the same character; see the letter J. The short i is, next to ë, the least emphatic of the Latin vowels, and serves, corresp. to the Gr. o, as a connecting sound in forming compounds: aerĭfodina, aerĭpes, altitudo, altĭsonus, arcitenens, homĭcida, etc. It is often inserted in Latin words derived from Greek: mina, techina, cucinus, lucinus (for mna, techna, cycnus, lychnus, etc.); cf. Ritschl, Rhein. Mus. 8, p. 475 sq.; 9, p. 480; 10, p. 447 sq. And in similar manner inserted in arguiturus, abnuiturus, etc. The vowel i is most closely related to u, and hence the transition of the latter into the former took place not only by assimilation into a following i, as similis, together with simul and simultas; facilis, together with facul and facultas; familia, together with famul and famulus; but also simply for greater ease of utterance; so that, from the class. per. onward, we find i written in the place of the older u: optimus, maximus, finitimus, satira, lacrima, libet, libido, etc., instead of the earlier optumus, maxumus, finitumus, satura, lacruma, lubet, lubido, etc.; cf. also the archaic genitives cererus, venerus, honorus, nominus, etc., for the later Cereris, Veneris, honoris, nominis, etc., the archaic orthography caputalis for capitalis, etc. For the relation of i to a and e, see those letters. Examples of commutation between i and o are rare: -agnitus, cognitus, together with notus, ilico from in loco, the archaic forms ollus, ollic for ille, illic, and inversely, sispes and sispita for sospes and sospita. As an abbreviation, I (as the sign of the vowel i) denotes in, infra, ipse, Isis, etc.: IDQ iidemque, I. H. F. C. ipsius heres faciendum curavit, IM. immunis, IMP. imperium, imperator, etc. The capital letter I is often confounded with the numeral I. (unus, primus). -
52 i
I, i, the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet, a vowel; for even the old grammarians distinguished it from the consonant written with the same character; see the letter J. The short i is, next to ë, the least emphatic of the Latin vowels, and serves, corresp. to the Gr. o, as a connecting sound in forming compounds: aerĭfodina, aerĭpes, altitudo, altĭsonus, arcitenens, homĭcida, etc. It is often inserted in Latin words derived from Greek: mina, techina, cucinus, lucinus (for mna, techna, cycnus, lychnus, etc.); cf. Ritschl, Rhein. Mus. 8, p. 475 sq.; 9, p. 480; 10, p. 447 sq. And in similar manner inserted in arguiturus, abnuiturus, etc. The vowel i is most closely related to u, and hence the transition of the latter into the former took place not only by assimilation into a following i, as similis, together with simul and simultas; facilis, together with facul and facultas; familia, together with famul and famulus; but also simply for greater ease of utterance; so that, from the class. per. onward, we find i written in the place of the older u: optimus, maximus, finitimus, satira, lacrima, libet, libido, etc., instead of the earlier optumus, maxumus, finitumus, satura, lacruma, lubet, lubido, etc.; cf. also the archaic genitives cererus, venerus, honorus, nominus, etc., for the later Cereris, Veneris, honoris, nominis, etc., the archaic orthography caputalis for capitalis, etc. For the relation of i to a and e, see those letters. Examples of commutation between i and o are rare: -agnitus, cognitus, together with notus, ilico from in loco, the archaic forms ollus, ollic for ille, illic, and inversely, sispes and sispita for sospes and sospita. As an abbreviation, I (as the sign of the vowel i) denotes in, infra, ipse, Isis, etc.: IDQ iidemque, I. H. F. C. ipsius heres faciendum curavit, IM. immunis, IMP. imperium, imperator, etc. The capital letter I is often confounded with the numeral I. (unus, primus). -
53 con-veniō
con-veniō vēnī, ventus, īre, to come together, meet, assemble, gather, come in a body: ex provinciā, Cs.: ad Caesarem gratulatum, Cs.: ad eum defendendum, N.: Romam Italia tota convenit: unum in locum, Cs.: in consilium frequentes: in unum, S.: civitates, quae in id forum convenirent, i. e. had their seat of justice in: clam inter se: uno in loco.—To address, accost, meet, visit, obtain an interview with: Pamphilum, T.: Verrem: eum in itinere, Cs.: per Gabinium ceteros, S.: ut se conveniri nolit: conveniundi patris tempus, T.: aditum petentibus conveniendi non dabat, N.— Fig., to come, fall: in manum, under tutelage (see manus), C.—To come to a decision, be concluded, be agreed on, be settled: si in eo manerent, quod convenisset, Cs.: condiciones non convenerunt, N.: id convenerat signum, L.: id modo non conveniebat, quod, etc., on that point only there was no agreement, L.: pax convēnit, S.: in eas condiciones cum pax conveniret, L.: quod (signum) convenerat, Cs.: Haec fratri mecum non conveniunt, T.: quod tempus inter eos committendi proeli convenerat, Cs.: qui (iudex) inter adversarios convenisset: pacem conventam frustra fuisse, S. — Impers, it is agreed, is settled: convenit, reliqua belli perfecta, is generally asserted, L.: quibus consulibus interierit non convenit, N.: pacto convēnit, ut, etc., L.: omnis exercitus, uti convenerat, deductus, etc., S.: tibi cum bonis civibus: conveniat mihi tecum necesse est, ipsum fecisse, etc., you and I must needs agree, that, etc.: quem ad modum (aedes) traderetur: inter consules satis, L.: saevis inter se convenit ursis, there is harmony, Iu.—To fit, be adapted to: ad pedem apte: Dicitur toga convenisse Menandro, sat well on, H. —To be fit, be suitable, become, consist, apply, belong, be appropriate: conveniunt mores, T.: Non bene conveniunt Maiestas et amor, agree, O.: in hunc ordinem: ad maximam partem: ad nummum convenit, agrees to a farthing: natura hominis cum universā: quid posterius priori non convenit?: viris laborem convenire, S.: Non hoc conveniet lyrae, H.: Haud convenit, ire, etc., T.: quid vos sequi conveniat: confestim te interfectum esse convenit: quo sidere terram Vertere Conveniat, V.: sit tibi curae Quantae conveniat Munatius, as dear as he ought to be, H. -
54 sistō
sistō stitī, status, ere [STA-], to cause to stand, place, set, set up, fix, plant: me gelidis convallibus, V.: In litore siste gradum, plant your foot, O.: iaculum clamanti in ore, plant the dart in his face, V.: Victima Sistitur ante aras, O.: aciem in litore, V.—With two acc, to cause to be placed: tutum patrio te limine sistam, i. e. will see you safe home, V.: victores domos reduces sistatis, L.— To place, convey, send, lead, take, conduct, bring: Officio meo ripā sistetur in illā Haec, will be carried by me to, etc., O.: (vos) facili iam tramite sistam, V.: Annam huc siste sororem, V.—With pron reflex., to betake oneself, present oneself, come: des operam ut te ante Kal. Jan., ubicumque erimus, sistas: Hic dea se rapido nisu Sistit, V.—In judicial proceedings, of persons, to produce, cause to appear: promittere Naevio sisti Quinctium, that Quinctius shall appear to answer Naevius: puellam sistendam promittat (i. e. fore ut puella sistatur in iudicio), L.; cf. vas factus est alter eius sistendi, ut, etc., i. e. as surety for his appearance. —In the phrase, vadimonium sistere, to make good the vadimonium, keep the undertaking, i. e. appear to answer: vadimonium sistit.—Ellipt.: testificatur, P. Quinctium non stitisse, et se stitisse (sc. vadimonium).— To cause to stand, fix, establish, confirm: rem Romanam magno turbante tumultu, V.—Ellipt. (sc. se), to stand firm, endure: qui rem p. sistere negat posse.— To arrest, stop, check, cause to halt: legiones, L.: nec sisti vis hostium poterat, Cu.: se ab effuso cursu, L.: aquam fluviis, V.—With gradum or pedem: qui (exercitus), ut non referat pedem, sistet certe, i. e. will halt, if not retreat: Siste gradum, V.: in primo limine siste pedem, O.: sistere contra (sc. pedem), i. e. make a stand, V.: sistunt Amnes, halt, V.: Incerti, ubi sistere detur, to rest, stay, V.—Fig., to end, put an end to, stop, cause to cease, check: fugam, L.: lacrimas, O.: Pace tamen sisti bellum placet, O.: sitim, allay, O.— Pass impers., to be checked, be endured, be remedied.—Only in phrases with posse: totam plebem... nec sisti posse ni omnibus consulatur, and no relief is possible, but, etc., L.: si domestica seditio adiciatur, sisti non posse, the case is hopeless, L.: vixque concordiā sisti videbatur posse, that the crisis could scarcely be met, even by union, L.: qualicunque urbis statu, manente disciplinā militari sisti potuisse, any condition is endurable, etc., L.* * *sistere, stiti, status Vstop, check; cause to stand; set up -
55 accumbo
ac-cumbo ( adc.), cŭbui, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n., to lay one's self down at a place; and hence, to lie somewhere.I.In gen. (so very rare):II.in via,
Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 13;of one swimming: summis in undis,
Manil. 5, 429.—In part.A.To recline at table, in the manner in which the Romans (and finally even the Roman women, Val. Max. 2, 1, 2) reclined, after luxury and effeminacy had become prevalent. While they extended the lower part of the body upon the couch (triclinium, lectus triclinaris), they supported the upper part by the left arm upon a cushion (or upon the bosom of the one nearest;B.hence, in sinu accumbere,
Liv. 39, 43; cf. anakeisthai = einai en tôi kolpôi tinos, Ev. Ioh. 13, 23), the right hand only being used in taking food:hoc age, adcumbe,
Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 15; so id. Most. 1, 3, 150, etc.; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 31; id. Mur. 35; Liv. 28, 18; c. acc.: mensam, Att. ap. Non. 415, 26; Lucil. Sat. 13; ib. 511, 16:cotidianis epulis in robore,
Cic. Mur. 74:in convivio,
id. Verr. 1, 66:in epulo,
Cic. Vatin. 12:epulis,
Verg. A. 1, 79;tecum,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 75; absol., Cic. Deiot. 17.—Since three persons usually reclined upon such a couch (cf. Cic. Pis. 27), these expressions arose: in summo (or superiorem, also supra), medium and imum (or infra) adcumbere; and the series began on the left side, since they lay supported by the left arm. The whole arrangement is explained by the following figure: Among the three lecti, the lectus medius was the most honorable; and on each lectus, the locus medius was more honorable than the summus; and this had the preference to the imus or ultimus. The consul or other magistrate usually sat as imus of the lectus medius (fig. no. 6), in order that, by his position at the corner, he might be able, without trouble, to attend to any official business that might occur. The place no. 7 seems, for a similar reason, to have been taken by the host. See on this subject Salmas. Sol. p. 886; Smith's Antiq.; Becker's Gall. 3, p. 206 sq. (2d ed.); and Orell. excurs. ad Hor. S. 2, 8, 20. This statement explains the passages in Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 14; id. Most. 1, 1, 42; id. Stich. 3, 2, 37, etc.; Cic. Att. 1, 9; id. Fam. 9, 26; Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 702; Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—In mal. part. (rarely), Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 73; Men. 3, 2, 11; 5, 9, 82. -
56 adcumbo
ac-cumbo ( adc.), cŭbui, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n., to lay one's self down at a place; and hence, to lie somewhere.I.In gen. (so very rare):II.in via,
Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 13;of one swimming: summis in undis,
Manil. 5, 429.—In part.A.To recline at table, in the manner in which the Romans (and finally even the Roman women, Val. Max. 2, 1, 2) reclined, after luxury and effeminacy had become prevalent. While they extended the lower part of the body upon the couch (triclinium, lectus triclinaris), they supported the upper part by the left arm upon a cushion (or upon the bosom of the one nearest;B.hence, in sinu accumbere,
Liv. 39, 43; cf. anakeisthai = einai en tôi kolpôi tinos, Ev. Ioh. 13, 23), the right hand only being used in taking food:hoc age, adcumbe,
Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 15; so id. Most. 1, 3, 150, etc.; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 31; id. Mur. 35; Liv. 28, 18; c. acc.: mensam, Att. ap. Non. 415, 26; Lucil. Sat. 13; ib. 511, 16:cotidianis epulis in robore,
Cic. Mur. 74:in convivio,
id. Verr. 1, 66:in epulo,
Cic. Vatin. 12:epulis,
Verg. A. 1, 79;tecum,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 75; absol., Cic. Deiot. 17.—Since three persons usually reclined upon such a couch (cf. Cic. Pis. 27), these expressions arose: in summo (or superiorem, also supra), medium and imum (or infra) adcumbere; and the series began on the left side, since they lay supported by the left arm. The whole arrangement is explained by the following figure: Among the three lecti, the lectus medius was the most honorable; and on each lectus, the locus medius was more honorable than the summus; and this had the preference to the imus or ultimus. The consul or other magistrate usually sat as imus of the lectus medius (fig. no. 6), in order that, by his position at the corner, he might be able, without trouble, to attend to any official business that might occur. The place no. 7 seems, for a similar reason, to have been taken by the host. See on this subject Salmas. Sol. p. 886; Smith's Antiq.; Becker's Gall. 3, p. 206 sq. (2d ed.); and Orell. excurs. ad Hor. S. 2, 8, 20. This statement explains the passages in Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 14; id. Most. 1, 1, 42; id. Stich. 3, 2, 37, etc.; Cic. Att. 1, 9; id. Fam. 9, 26; Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 702; Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—In mal. part. (rarely), Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 73; Men. 3, 2, 11; 5, 9, 82. -
57 nyctalops
nyctălops, ōpis, adj., = nuktalôps.I.That cannot see in the twilight, Plin. 28, 11, 47, § 170; 8, 50, 76, § 203; Dig. 21, 1, 10. —II.That sees only at night:III.nyctalopas, qui per noctem vident et per diem obscuritatem patiuntur,
Theod. Prisc. 1, 10.—The plant nyctegretos, Plin. 21, 11, 36, § 62. -
58 pro
1.prō (archaic collat. form, posi in posimerium; cf. pono, from posino; cf. Gr. poti and pot with pros), adv. and prep. [root in Sanscr. prep. pra-, before, as in prathamas, first; Gr. pro; cf.: proteros, prôtos, etc.; Lat.: prae, prior, priscus, etc.; perh. old abl. form, of which prae is the loc. ], before, in front of; and, transf., for, with the idea of protection, substitution, or proportion.I.Adv., found only in the transf. comp. signif. (v. infra, II. B. 3.) in connection with quam and ut: pro quam and pro ut (the latter usually written in one word, prout), like prae quam and prae ut.* A.Pro quam, in proportion as, just as:B.nec satis est, pro quam largos exaestuat aestus,
Lucr. 2, 1137. —Pro ut or prout, according as, in proportion, accordingly, proportionably as, just as, as (class.):II.compararat argenti bene facti, prout Thermitani hominis facultates ferebant, satis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83:tuas litteras, prout res postulat, exspecto,
id. Att. 11, 6 fin.:id, prout cujusque ingenium erat, interpretabantur,
Liv. 38, 50:prout locus iniquus aequusve his aut illis, prout animus pugnantium est, prout numerus, varia pugnae fortuna est,
id. 38, 40 fin. —With a corresp. ita:ejusque rationem ita haberi, prout haberi lege liceret,
Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:prout sedes ipsa est, ita varia genera morborum sunt,
Cels. 4, 4, 5:prout nives satiaverint, ita Nilum increscere,
Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 51.—Prep. with abl. (late Lat. with acc.:A.PRO SALVTEM SVAM,
Inscr. Grut. 4, 12; 46, 9; Inscr. Orell. 2360), before, in front of.Lit., of place:2.sedens pro aede Castoris,
Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 27:praesidia, quae pro templis cernitis,
id. Mil. 1, 2:ii qui pro portis castrorum in statione erant,
Caes. B. G. 4, 32:pro castris copias habere,
id. ib. 7, 66:pro castris dimicare,
id. ib. 5, 16:pro oppido,
id. ib. 7, 71:pro opere consistere,
Sall. J. 92, 9:castra pro moenibus locata,
Liv. 2, 53; 4, 17:pro muro,
id. 30, 10:pro castris explicare aciem,
id. 6, 23:pro vallo,
Plin. 2, 37, 37, § 101; Vell. 2, 19, 1.—With verbs of motion:Caesar pro castris suas copias produxit,
before the camp, Caes. B. G. 1, 48:hasce tabulas hic ibidem pro pedibus tuis obicito,
before your feet, App. Mag. p. 337, 36; id. M. 4, p. 155, 2.—In partic., with the accessory idea of presence on the front part, on the edge or brink of a place, on or in the front of, often to be translated by a simple on or in:B.pro censu classis iuniorum, Serv. Tullius cum dixit, accipi debet in censu, ut ait M. Varro, sicuti pro aede Castoris, pro tribunali, pro testimonio,
Fest. p. 246 Müll.; cf.: pro significat in, ut pro rostris, pro aede, pro tribunali, Paul. ex Fest. p. 228 Müll.; and:pro sententia ac si dicatur in sententiā, ut pro rostris id est in rostris,
id. p. 226 Müll.: hac re pro suggestu pronunciata, qs. standing on the front part of the tribune, or, as we would say, on the tribune, Caes. B. G. 6, 3: pro tribunali cum aliquid ageretur, was transacted before or at my tribunal, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 21; so,pro tribunali,
id. Pis. 5, 11; id. Sest. 15, 34: pro contione, before the assembled army; and, in gen., before the assembly:laudatus pro contione Jugurtha,
Sall. J. 8, 2; cf. Curt. 9, 1, 1:pro contione laudibus legati militumque tollere animos,
Liv. 7, 7:fortes viros pro contione donantis,
Curt. 10, 5, 10:pro contione litteras recitare,
id. 4, 10, 16; Liv. 38, 23 fin.:pro contione palam utrumque temptavit,
Suet. Vesp. 7; Tac. A. 3, 9; Front. Strat. 1, 11, 3: [p. 1448] 4, 5, 11; cf.:pro comitio,
Suet. Aug. 43:uti pro consilio imperatum erat,
in the council, Sall. J. 29, 6; cf.:supplicatio in triduum pro collegio decemvirūm imperata fuit,
Liv. 38, 36:pontifices pro collegio decrevisse,
Gell. 11, 3, 2:pro collegio pronuntiare,
Liv. 4, 26, 9:suas simultates pro magistratu exercere,
id. 39, 5:pro munimentis castelli manipulos explicat,
before, on the fortifications, Tac. A. 2, 80; 12, 33: stabat pro litore diversa acies, in front of or upon the shore, id. ib. 14, 30:legionem pro ripā componere,
id. ib. 12, 29:velamenta et infulas pro muris ostentant,
in front of, from the walls, Tac. H. 3, 31; so,pro muris,
id. A. 2, 81:ad hoc mulieres puerique pro tectis aedificiorum saxa et alia, quae locus praebebat, certatim mittere,
standing on the edge of the roofs, from the roofs, Sall. J. 67, 1 Kritz.—Transf.1.To signify a standing before or in front of, for defence or protection; hence an acting for, in behalf of, in favor of, for the benefit of, on the side of (opp. contra, adversum):2. a.veri inveniendi causā contra omnia dici oportere et pro omnibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 60; cf.:hoc non modo non pro me, sed contra me est potius,
id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse,
id. Clu. 32, 88:difficillimum videtur quod dixi, pro ipsis esse quibus eveniunt ista, quae horremus ac tremimus,
Sen. Prov. 3, 2:haec cum contra legem proque lege dicta essent,
Liv. 34, 8: pro Romano populo armis certare, Enn. ap. Non. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 215 Vahl.); cf.: pro vostrā vitā morti occumbant, id. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 62 (Trag. v. 176 Vahl.): quae ego pro re publica fecissem, Cato ap. Front. p. 149:nihil ab eo praetermissum est, quod aut pro re publicā conquerendum fuit, aut pro eā disputandum,
Cic. Sest. 2, 3:omnia me semper pro amicorum periculis, nihil umquam pro me ipso deprecatum,
id. de Or. 2, 49, 201:convenit dimicare pro legibus, pro libertate, pro patriā,
id. Tusc. 4, 19, 43:dulce et decorum est pro patriā mori,
Hor. C. 3, 2, 13; cf. id. ib. 3, 19, 2:pro sollicitis non tacitus reis,
id. ib. 4, 1, 14:spondere levi pro paupere,
id. A. P. 423:urbes, quae viris aut loco pro hostibus et advorsum se opportunissumae erant,
Sall. J. 88, 4:nec aliud adversus validissimas gentes pro nobis utilius, quam, etc.,
Tac. Agr. 12:et locus pro vobis et nox erit, Liv 9, 24, 8: et loca sua et genus pugnae pro hoste fuere,
id. 39, 30, 3:pro Corbulone aetas, patrius mos... erant: contra, etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 31; id. H. 4, 78; Curt. 4, 14, 16.—In gen.: numquam ego argentum pro vino congiario... disdidi, Cato ap. Front. p. 149:b.ego ibo pro te, si tibi non libet,
Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 10:ego pro te molam,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 29; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13:mutata (ea dico), in quibus pro verbo proprio subicitur aliud... ut cum minutum dicimus animum pro parvo, etc.,
id. Or. 27, 92 sq.; cf.:libenter etiam copulando verba jungebant, ut sodes pro si audes, sis pro si vis... ain' pro aisne, nequire pro non quire, malle pro magis velle, nolle pro non velle. Dein etiam saepe et exin pro deinde et exinde dicimus,
id. ib. 45, 154:pro vitulā statuis dulcem Aulide natam, Hor S. 2, 3, 199: pro bene sano Ac non incauto fictum astutumque vocamus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 61; cf. Suet. Caes. 70:pro ope ferendā sociis pergit ipse ire, etc.,
Liv. 23, 28, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.; Zumpt, Gram. § 667; cf.:pro eo, ut ipsi ex alieno agro raperent, suas terras, etc.,
Liv. 22, 1, 2.—Esp. freq. in connection with the title of any officer, to denote his substitute' pro consule, pro praetore, pro quaestore, pro magistro, etc. (afterwards joined into one word, as proconsul, propraetor, proquaestor, promagister, etc.), proconsul, proprœtor, proquœstor, vice-director:c.cum pro consule in Ciliciam proficiscens Athenas venissem,
Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 82; cf.:cum L. Philippus pro consulibus eum se mittere dixit, non pro consule,
instead of the consuls, not as proconsul, id. Phil. 11, 8, 18:nec pro praetore, Caesarem (vocat),
id. ib. 13, 10, 22; Liv. 35, 1. cum Alexandriae pro quaestore essem, Cic. Ac. 2, 4, 11' cf.:litteris Q. Caepionis Bruti pro consule... Q. Hortensii pro consule opera, etc.,
id. Phil. 10, 11, 26: P. Terentius operas in portu et scripturā Asiae pro magistro dedit, id. Att. 11, 10, 1; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169; id. Fam. 13, 65, 1; see also the words proconsul, promagister, propraetor, proquaestor, etc.—So of price, penalty, etc., in exchange, in return for:3.tres minas pro istis duobus dedi,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 138; id. Aul. 3, 3, 8:pro hujus peccatis ego supplicium sufferam,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 17:dimidium ejus quod pactus esset, pro carmine daturum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 351:pro vitā hominis nisi hominis vita reddatur, non posse deorum inmortalium numen placari,
Caes. B. G. 6, 16:id pro immolatis in foro Tarquiniensium Romanis poenae hostibus redditum,
Liv. 7, 19, 3:vos, pro paternis sceleribus, poenas date,
Sen. Med. 925; Lact. 2, 7, 21:pro crimine poenas,
Ov. Ib. 621.—Pro is also frequently used to denote the viewing, judging, considering, representing of a thing as something, for, the same as, just as, as:4.pro sano loqueris, quom me appellas nomine,
Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 24:sese ducit pro adulescentulo,
id. Stich. 3, 1, 65; id. Cist. 1, 3, 24:hunc Eduxi a parvulo, habui, amavi pro meo,
as my own, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 23:Cato ille noster qui mihi unus est pro centum milibus,
whose voice I regard as equal to that of thousands, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1:Siciliam nobis non pro penariā cellā, sed pro aerario fuisse,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 5:P. Sestio pro occiso relictus est,
id. Sest. 38, 81; Caes. B. G. 3, 109:cum pro damnato mortuoque esset,
as good as condemned and dead, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33:summa ratio, quae sapientibus pro necessitate est,
Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 3:negotia pro solatiis accipiens,
Tac. A. 4, 13:consuli pro hostibus esse,
Liv. 43, 5, 4:adeo incredibilis visa res, ut non pro vano modo, sed vix pro sano nuncius audiretur,
as a boaster, Liv. 39, 49: quoniam de adventu Caesaris pro certo habebamus, to consider as certain, Mat. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, 6 et saep.; v. certus.—Esp. in certain phrases: pro eo, for the same thing, as just the same:5.ut si a Caesare, quod speramus, impetrarimus, tuo beneficio nos id consecutos esse judicemus: sin minus, pro eo tantum id habeamus, cum a te data sit opera, ut impetraremus,
Cic. Fam. 13, 7, 5.—With the particles of comparison: atque ( ac), ac si, quasi, just the same as, even as, as though: pro eo ac debui, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1:pro eo ac si concessum sit,
Cic. Inv. 1, 32, 54:pro eo est atque si adhibitus non esset,
Dig. 28, 1, 22:pro eo erit quasi ne legatum quidem sit,
ib. 30, 1, 38: pro eo quod, for the reason that, because:pro eo quod ejus nomen erat magnā apud omnes gloriā,
Cic. de Or. 2, 18, 75: pro eo quod pluribus verbis vos quam volui fatigavi, veniam a vobis petitam velim, Liv 38, 49 fin. —On account of, for the sake of:6.dolor pro patriā,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 24:tumultus pro recuperandā re publicā,
id. Brut. 90, 311 dub. (B. and K. omit pro):dedit pro corpore nummos, i. e. to rescue his person,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 43:aliquem amare pro ejus eximiā suavitate,
Cic. de Or 1, 55, 234:pro quibus meritis quanto opere dilectus sit,
Suet. Aug. 57:cum pro incolumitate principis vota susceperunt,
Tac. A. 4, 17:pro bono (= bene),
Sall. J. 22, 4.—Pro is used in its most general sense in stating the relation between two objects or actions, in proportion, in comparison with, according to or as, conformably to, by virtue of, for, etc.:► In composition the o is long in some words, in others short (through the influence of the Gr.meus pater nunc pro hujus verbis recte et sapienter facit,
according to his story, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 133:tu pro oratione nec vir nec mulier mihi's,
id. Rud. 4, 4, 71: pro viribus tacere ac fabulari, according to one's ability, Enn. ap. Non. 475, 4 (Trag. v. 181 Vahl.):facere certum'st pro copiā ac sapientiā,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 8:agere pro viribus,
Cic. Sen. 9, 27:aliquem pro dignitate laudare,
id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33:proelium atrocius quam pro numero pugnantium fuit,
Liv. 21, 29: pro imperio, by virtue of his office or authority:quia pro imperio palam interfici non poterat,
Liv. 1, 51, 2; hence, imperatively, dictatorially, summarily:nec illum ipsum submovere pro imperio posse more majorum,
id. 2, 56, 12 ' hem! satis pro imperio, quisquis es, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 18:pro tuā prudentiā,
Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2; 11, 12, 2:cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu ac dolore loqueretur,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69:quibus aliquid opis fortasse ego pro meā, tu pro tuā, pro suā quisque parte ferre potuisset,
id. Fam. 15, 15, 3: pro virili parte, according to one's ability, id. Sest. 66, 138; Liv. praef. 2; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 23. —Esp. freq.: pro ratā parte and pro ratā, in proportion, proportionably; v. ratus:pro se quisque,
each according to his ability, each one for himself, Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Caes. B. G. 2, 25; Verg. A. 12, 552 et saep.:pro tempore et pro re,
according to time and circumstances, Caes. B. G. 5, 8:pro facultatibus,
Nep. Epam. 3, 5.—Pro eo, quantum, or ut, in proportion to, as, according to, according as:eāque pro eo, quantum in quoque sit ponderis, esse aestimanda,
Cic. Fin. 4, 21, 58:equidem pro eo, quanti te facio, quicquid feceris, approbabo,
id. Fam. 3, 3, 2: tamen pro eo ut temporis difficultas tulit, etc., L. Metell. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 126.pro-): prōdeo, prŏfiteor; and even in words borrowed from the Greek, as prōlogus.—Its signification has reference either to place, before, forwards; or to protection, for; procedo, procurro, profanus; procuro, propugno, prosum, protego.2. (α).With nom.:(β).proh! bonae frugi hominem te jam pridem esse arbitror,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 4: pro Juppiter! Enn. ap. Varr L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. (Trag. v 225 Vahl.); Ter. And. 4, 3, 17; id. Eun. 3, 5, 2; id. Ad. 1, 2, 31; cf.:pro supreme Juppiter,
id. ib. 2, 1, 42:pro Juppiter, Hominis stultitiam!
id. ib. 3, 3, 12:pro di immortales,
id. ib. 3, 4, 1; cf.: pro, dii immortales: Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:pro curia inversique mores!
Hor. C. 3, 5, 7:pro scelus,
Mart. 2, 46, 8.—Parenthet.:(γ).pro, quanta potentia regni Est, Venus alma, tui,
Ov. M. 13, 758:et mea, pro! nullo pondere verba cadunt,
id. H. 3, 98:tantum, pro! degeneramus a patribus,
Liv. 22, 14, 6; Curt. 4, 16, 10.—With acc.: pro divom fidem! Enn. ap. Don. ad. Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. v. 30 Vahl.); Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 28; cf.:(δ).pro deum atque hominum fidem!
id. And. 1, 5, 2; 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9; Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 48;instead of which, ellipt.: pro deum immortalium!
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 4:pro deum atque hominum,
id. Hec. 2, 1, 1:pro fidem deum! facinus foedum,
id. Eun. 5, 4, 21.—With gen.: pro malae tractationis! Tert. Poen. fin. -
59 dum
dum adv. of time, the while, a while, now, yet.—Only as enclitic; see etiamdum, nondum, nihildum, etc.—With imper. (colloq.): Sosia Adesdum, paucis te volo, stop a moment, T.: abidum, T.: facitodum, T.: age dum, T.: agedum, conferte, etc., come now: agite dum, L.: cedodum, T.* * *while, as long as, until; provided that -
60 cerno
cerno, crēvi, crētum ( part. pass. cretus is apparently used only once:I.cineris bene creti,
Pall. 12, 22, 3; but freq. in the compounds of cerno; for the simple part., the orig. form certus also is very rarely used:certā deinde sorte senatus consultum factum est,
Liv. 36, 2, 2; v. under II. C., and cf. certus), 3, v. a. [root car- for scar-, to separate; cf. krinô; hence, skôr, stercus, screo; cf. cera].To separate, sift (rare):II.per cribrum, Cato. R. R. 107, 1: farinam cribro,
Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 115; cf. id. 33, 5, 26, § 87; Pall. Jun. 1; Veg. 3, 28, 6:in cribris omnia cerne cavis,
Ov. Med. Fac. 62; cf.:per densa foramina,
id. ib. 89:cineris bene creti,
well sifted, Pall. Nov. 22.—Far more freq.,Trop.A.To separate, distinguish by the senses, mostly by the eyes, i. e. to perceive, see, discern (syn.: video, conspicio; class. in prose and poetry; most freq. probably in Lucretius, where it is used about a hundred times); rarely by the ears; v. infra: lumen jubarve in caelo cerno? [p. 319] Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll.;b.7, § 76 ib.: sed quis illic est, procul quem video? estne hic Hegio? si satis cerno, is hercle'st,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 85:tum porro varios rerum sentimus odores, nec tamen ad nareis venienteis cernimus umquam: nec voces cernere suemus,
Lucr. 1, 300; 4, 598:quod nequeunt oculis rerum primordia cerni,
id. 1, 269; v. also id. 2, 314 sq.; 4, 242; cf. id. 2, 837:acute,
id. 4, 811; cf.:cerno acutum,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 26:altaria exhalare vapore,
Lucr. 3, 432; 2, 928 al.—Hence, sometimes opp. to hearing:ut non solum auribus acciperetur, sed etiam oculis cerneretur,
Nep. Timol. 2, 2;or to mental perception: quem ego tam video animo, quam ea, quae oculis cernimus,
Cic. Fam. 6, 3, 2:nos enim ne nunc quidem oculis cernimus ea, quae videmus,
id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46:quae cernere et videre non possumus,
id. de Or. 3, 40, 161; cf. id. Rep. 6, 20, 21 sq.:ego Catuli Cumanum ex hoc loco cerno, Pompeianum non cerno,
id. Ac. 2, 25, 80:ut ea cernimus quae videmus,
id. Mil. 29, 79:omnia sic aperiam, ut ea cernere oculis videamini,
id. Clu. 24, 66:coram aliquid,
to witness, Caes. B. G. 6, 8; Verg. A. 2, 538:aliquem,
Caes. B. G. 6, 21:acies a nostris cernebatur,
id. B. C. 3, 69:in sole sidera ipsa desinunt cerni,
Quint. 8, 5, 29:simile quiddam facientes aves cernimus,
id. 2, 6, 7:me miserum, turbā quod non ego cernar in illā,
Ov. P. 4, 4, 43:Constitit alma Venus, nulli cernenda,
id. M. 15, 844; Curt. 8, 13, 16; Tac. A. 1, 59.—With acc. and inf.: sensumque inesse et motum in membris cerno, Canius ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll.:neque mutari ac misceri omnia cerneres,
Sall. C. 2, 3: quos ad resistendum concucurrisse cernebat, * Suet. Caes. 15 fin.:cernis ut insultent Rutuli?
Verg. A. 10, 20:cerne quam tenui vos parte contingat,
Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 21:cerneres, quanta audacia fuisset, etc.,
Sall. C. 61, 1.— Impers. with acc. and inf.:cernebatur, novissimos illorum premi vehementer,
Caes. B. C. 1, 64 Herz. N. cr. — So impers. with rel. -clause:ut non solum auribus acciperetur, sed etiam oculis cerneretur quem detulisset,
Nep. Timol. 2, 2. —Ante-class., of the hearing: vox illius certe est: idem omnes cernimus, Att. ap. Non. p. 261, 11, and perh. also, Titin. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.—Hence,Cerni aliquā re or in aliquā re, to become distinguished or known in something:* c.fortis animus et magnus duabus rebus maxime cernitur,
Cic. Off. 1, 20, 66; so id. Tusc. 5, 8, 22: amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64:atque hae quidem virtutes cernuntur in agendo,
Cic. Part. Or. 23, 78; id. Top. 21, 80 (also in Quint. 3, 5, 18).—Have before the mind, have respect to, regard any one:B.ubi gratus, si non eum ipsi cernunt grati, cui referunt gratiam?
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 49.—Transf. to intellectual objects, to perceive, comprehend, understand (syn.:b.intellego, cognosco, perspicio): neque tanta in rebus obscuritas, ut eas (res) non penitus acri vir ingenio cernat, si modo aspexerit,
Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 124:jam cernam mene an illam potiorem putes, id. poët. Tusc. 2, 9, 20: (antiquitas) hoc melius ea fortasse, quae erant vera, cernebat,
id. ib. 1, 12, 26; id. Fin. 1, 19, 64; id. Top. 5, 27; id. N. D. 1, 19, 49; id. Fam. 5, 12, 2:quae cum ego non solum suspicarer, sed plane cernerem,
id. Agr. 2, 4, 9; id. de Or. 3, 31, 124:ut consuetum facile amorem cerneres,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 108.—Hence,Rarely of future events, to foresee, discern beforehand:C.cerno animo sepultā in patriā miseros atque insepultos acervos civium,
Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 11:cerno jam animo, quanto omnia uberiora atque ornatiora futura sint,
id. Fam. 5, 12, 2.—To decide something that is contested or doubtful (judicially), to decree, determine (more rare than decernere):b.quotcumque senatus creverit populusque jusserit tot sunto,
Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 8:quodcumque senatus creverit agunto,
id. ib. 3, 3, 8, § 6: jurati cernant. Pac. ap. Non. p. 261, 13:illum locum tempusque consilio destinatum quid de Armeniā cernerent,
Tac. A. 15, 14:priusquam id sors cerneret,
Liv. 43, 12, 2:certā sorte,
after the lot was decided, id. 36, 2, 2.—Hence,To decide by contending or fighting (more rare than the freq. certare, and even in Seneca's time out of use; cf. Sen. Ep. 58, 3): ferro non auro vitam ( acc. respect = de vitā) cernamus utrique, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; id. ap. Non. p. 261, 19, and ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll.; Pac. ap. Non. p. 261, 21: nisi esset qui armis secum vellet cernere, Att. ap. Non. p. 261, 17:D.cernere ferro,
Verg. A. 12, 709 (also ap. Sen. Ep. 58, 3); so,cernere certamen,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 15; id. Cas. 3, 1, 2; Lucr. 5, 394: pro patriā, pro liberis, pro aris atque focis suis, * Sall. C. 59, 5 Kritz N. cr. (al. certare):seu libeat duplicem sejunctim cernere martem,
Tib. 4, 1, 103.—Humorously, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 77.—In gen., to decide for something, to conclude upon, resolve (syn.: constituo, decerno; also rare): praesidium castris educere, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 261, 5:E.acribus inter se cum armis confligere,
id. ib. p. 261, 6:te mihi amicam esse crevi,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 1 (crevi valet constitui, Varr. L. L. 7, § 98 Müll.); Cat. 64, 150.—Hence,In judic. lang. t. t., of inheritances.1.To resolve to enter upon an inheritance, Varr. L. L. 7, § 98 Müll.; cf. Tit. 22, 27, and cretio.—2.To make known this determination, Tit. 22, 28 and 30; Cic. Att. 11, 2, 1.—3.= adire, to enter upon an inheritance, Cic. Agr. 2, 15, 40; Liv. 24, 25, 3; 40, 8, 17; Plin. Ep. 10, 79, 2; Quint. Decl. 261; Fest. p. 41.—b.Trop.:debet etiam fratris Appii amorem erga me cum reliquā hereditate crevisse,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 10; so id. Fam. 9, 14, 4; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—P. a. v. certus.
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