one+process

1) (to make or become different: They have changed the time of the train; He has changed since I saw him last.) mudar

2) (to give or leave (one thing etc for another): She changed my library books for me.) trocar

3) ((sometimes with into) to remove (clothes etc) and replace them by clean or different ones: I'm just going to change (my shirt); I'll change into an old pair of trousers.) trocar de roupa

4) ((with into) to make into or become (something different): The prince was changed into a frog.) transformar(-se)

5) (to give or receive (one kind of money for another): Could you change this bank-note for cash?) trocar

1) (the process of becoming or making different: The town is undergoing change.) mudança

2) (an instance of this: a change in the programme.) mudança

3) (a substitution of one thing for another: a change of clothes.) troca

4) (coins rather than paper money: I'll have to give you a note - I have no change.) trocado

5) (money left over or given back from the amount given in payment: He paid with a dollar and got 20 cents change.) troco

6) (a holiday, rest etc: He has been ill - the change will do him good.) mudança

•

- changeable

* * *

[tʃeindʒ] n 1 mudança, alteração, variação. there is a change of plans / há uma mudança de planos. 2 troca, substituição. 3 variedade. 4 troco (de dinheiro). here is your change / aqui está o seu troco. 5 moedas de valor baixo (usado coletivamente). 6 Mus mudança de clave, modulação. 7 mudança, troca (de roupa). 8 nova fase (da Lua). 9 câmbio, conversão. • vt+vi 1 alterar ou fazer diferente. 2 trocar ( with com, for por). 3 converter ( from de, into para), fazer mudar ou passar (de um estado para outro). 4 trocar, mudar, substituir. she changed the linen / ela trocou a roupa de cama. 5 trocar (de roupas). 6 trocar, transferir de um veículo (ônibus, trem, etc.) para um outro, fazer baldeação. we must change trains / temos que fazer baldeação. change of life menopausa. for a change para variar. small change moedas de pouco valor. to change a baby trocar as fraldas. to change colour ficar vermelho, enrubescer ou ficar pálido, empalidecer. to change down mudar a marcha de direção para diminuir a velocidade. to change for the better melhorar. to change for the worse piorar. to change gear mudar de marcha (carro, bicicleta, etc.). to change hands passar de um dono para outro. the house changed hands / a casa mudou de donos. to change of heart mudar de atitude ou opinião. to change one’s mind mudar de opinião, idéia. to change one’s tune 1 mudar de idéia ou opinião. 2 mudar o jeito de falar. to change up mudar a marcha de direção para aumentar a velocidade. to get no change out of não ter sucesso em obter informação, cooperação de. to keep the change ficar com o troco. to ring the changes repetir uma ação de várias formas, possibilidades. they ring the change / eles experimentam as mais diversas possibilidades.

1) (to make or become different: They have changed the time of the train; He has changed since I saw him last.) mudar

2) (to give or leave (one thing etc for another): She changed my library books for me.) trocar

3) ((sometimes with into) to remove (clothes etc) and replace them by clean or different ones: I'm just going to change (my shirt); I'll change into an old pair of trousers.) trocar(-se)

4) ((with into) to make into or become (something different): The prince was changed into a frog.) transformar

5) (to give or receive (one kind of money for another): Could you change this bank-note for cash?) trocar

1) (the process of becoming or making different: The town is undergoing change.) mudança

2) (an instance of this: a change in the programme.) mudança

3) (a substitution of one thing for another: a change of clothes.) troca

4) (coins rather than paper money: I'll have to give you a note - I have no change.) trocado

5) (money left over or given back from the amount given in payment: He paid with a dollar and got 20 cents change.) troco

6) (a holiday, rest etc: He has been ill - the change will do him good.) mudança

•

- changeable

1) (right and fair: not favouring one more than another: a fair and just decision.) justo

2) (reasonable; based on one's rights: He certainly has a just claim to the money.) justo

3) (deserved: He got his just reward when he crashed the stolen car and broke his leg.) merecido

•

- justly

1) ((often with as) exactly or precisely: This penknife is just what I needed; He was behaving just as if nothing had happened; The house was just as I'd remembered it.) justamente

2) ((with as) quite: This dress is just as nice as that one.) exactamente

3) (very lately or recently: He has just gone out of the house.) agora mesmo

4) (on the point of; in the process of: She is just coming through the door.) mesmo agora

5) (at the particular moment: The telephone rang just as I was leaving.) mesmo

6) ((often with only) barely: We have only just enough milk to last till Friday; I just managed to escape; You came just in time.) à justa

7) (only; merely: They waited for six hours just to get a glimpse of the Queen; `Where are you going?' `Just to the post office'; Could you wait just a minute?) só

8) (used for emphasis, eg with commands: Just look at that mess!; That just isn't true!; I just don't know what to do.) absolutamente

9) (absolutely: The weather is just marvellous.) mesmo

•

- just about

* * *

[dʒ∧st] adj 1 justo, imparcial equitativo. 2 probo, íntegro. 3 justificável, razoável, merecido. 4 legal, lícito, legítimo. 5 adequado, oportuno. 6 correto, exato. 7 verdadeiro, verídico. • adv 1 exatamente, perfeitamente. it is just three o’clock / são exatamente três horas. that’s just it! / exatamente assim! I just knew it / eu o sabia exatamente. this hat is just you / este chapéu é parecido com você, é a sua cara. 2 quase, agora mesmo. 3 há pouco, daqui a pouco. he’s just gone / ele acaba de sair. 4 por mínima margem, por pouco. 5 somente, meramente. just let me pass! / deixem-me ainda (ou apenas) passar! just tell me / diga-me apenas. 6 coll positivamente, realmente. I just won’t do it / de forma nenhuma vou fazê-lo. it was just marvellous! / era realmente magnífico! 7 no mesmo momento. just as he came / no momento em que chegou. just as I had left, it began to rain / mal tinha saído, começou a chover. a just distinction uma justa distinção. I was just sure at it senti absoluta certeza. just about a) quase. b) quase não. just a moment! um momento, por favor! just beyond mais adiante. just in case no caso de, na hipótese de. just now agora mesmo. just so! certamente! just then naquele momento. just the same apesar disso, todavia. just two hours apenas ou exatamente duas horas. that is just as well coll isto é a mesmíssima coisa.

————————

[dʒ∧st] n, vi = link=joust joust.

1) (right and fair: not favouring one more than another: a fair and just decision.) justo

2) (reasonable; based on one's rights: He certainly has a just claim to the money.) justo

3) (deserved: He got his just reward when he crashed the stolen car and broke his leg.) justo

•

- justly

1) ((often with as) exactly or precisely: This penknife is just what I needed; He was behaving just as if nothing had happened; The house was just as I'd remembered it.) exatamente

2) ((with as) quite: This dress is just as nice as that one.) exatamente

3) (very lately or recently: He has just gone out of the house.) há pouco

4) (on the point of; in the process of: She is just coming through the door.) justamente

5) (at the particular moment: The telephone rang just as I was leaving.) no momento em que

6) ((often with only) barely: We have only just enough milk to last till Friday; I just managed to escape; You came just in time.) justamente

7) (only; merely: They waited for six hours just to get a glimpse of the Queen; `Where are you going?' `Just to the post office'; Could you wait just a minute?) só, apenas

8) (used for emphasis, eg with commands: Just look at that mess!; That just isn't true!; I just don't know what to do.) simplesmente

9) (absolutely: The weather is just marvellous.) absolutamente

•

- just about

1) (touching, fixed to, covering etc the upper or outer side of: The book was lying on the table; He was standing on the floor; She wore a hat on her head.) em cima de

2) (in or into (a vehicle, train etc): We were sitting on the bus; I got on the wrong bus.) em

3) (at or during a certain day, time etc: on Monday; On his arrival, he went straight to bed.) em

4) (about: a book on the theatre.) sobre

5) (in the state or process of: He's on holiday.) em/de

6) (supported by: She was standing on one leg.) em.

7) (receiving, taking: on drugs; on a diet.) a fazer/tomar

8) (taking part in: He is on the committee; Which detective is working on this case?) em

9) (towards: They marched on the town.) em direcção a

10) (near or beside: a shop on the main road.) em

11) (by means of: He played a tune on the violin; I spoke to him on the telephone.) em/por

12) (being carried by: The thief had the stolen jewels on him.) com

13) (when (something is, or has been, done): On investigation, there proved to be no need to panic.) ao ser (investigado)

14) (followed by: disaster on disaster.) sobre

1) ((especially of something being worn) so as to be touching, fixed to, covering etc the upper or outer side of: She put her hat on.) em

2) (used to show a continuing state etc, onwards: She kept on asking questions; They moved on.) continuamente

3) (( also adjective) (of electric light, machines etc) working: The television is on; Turn/Switch the light on.) em funcionamento

4) (( also adjective) (of films etc) able to be seen: There's a good film on at the cinema this week.) em exibição

5) (( also adjective) in or into a vehicle, train etc: The bus stopped and we got on.) em

1) (in progress: The game was on.) a decorrer

2) (not cancelled: Is the party on tonight?) vai haver

•

- oncoming

* * *

[ɔn] adj posto, colocado. • adv 1 sobre, por cima de. 2 em diante, a partir de. 3 adiante, para a frente. 4 em andamento, em ação. 5 na direção. • prep 1 sobre, em cima de. 2 em. 3 no, nos, na, nas. 4 para o. 5 por meio de. 6 a respeito de. 7 perto. 8 junto a. 9 conforme. 10 durante. 11 em acréscimo a. 12 na direção de. 13 coll às custas de. and so on e assim por diante. come on! venha, vamos. far on in years de idade avançada. from that day on daquele dia em diante. go on! continue, prossiga. he is always on about her coll ele não pára de falar nela. he is on ele está embriagado. hold on! segure-se. later on mais tarde. on and off de vez em quando. on and on sem parar, ininterruptamente. on board a bordo. on call a chamado. on close no fechamento. on condition that sob a condição de. on duty a serviço, de plantão. on fire em chamas. on foot a pé. on Friday next week na sexta-feira da próxima semana. on purpose de propósito. on the contrary ao contrário. on the right/ left à direita/esquerda. on the river à margem do rio. on the rocks com gelo. on the telephone ao telefone. on time na hora. she’s always on sl ela está sempre ligada. the light is on a luz está acesa. they got on a bus eles subiram no ônibus. they greeted us on their arrival saudaram-nos por ocasião de sua chegada. to be on a cloud coll estar muito feliz. to be on one’s ass sl estar numa pior. to be on roll coll ter muito sucesso. to be on someone’s back sl a) pegar no pé de alguém. b) depender de alguém. to get on in life progredir na vida. to have a lot on coll ter muito o que fazer. to look on olhar, assistir (a um jogo). to march on prosseguir marchando. who is on the committee? quem está no comitê?

1) (to clean (a room etc) using a brush or broom: The room has been swept clean.) varrer

2) (to move as though with a brush: She swept the crumbs off the table with her hand; The wave swept him overboard; Don't get swept away by (= become over-enthusiastic about) the idea!; She swept aside my objections.) varrer

3) (to move quickly over: The disease/craze is sweeping the country.) grassar

4) (to move swiftly or in a proud manner: High winds sweep across the desert; She swept into my room without knocking on the door.) passar/entrar, etc. altaneiramente

1) (an act of sweeping, or process of being swept, with a brush etc: She gave the room a sweep.) varridela

2) (a sweeping movement: He indicated the damage with a sweep of his hand.) gesto

3) (a person who cleans chimneys.) limpa-chaminés

4) (a sweepstake.) lotaria

•

- sweeper

* * *

[swi:p] n 1 varredura, varrição, vassourada, limpeza. 2 movimento impetuoso, impulso. 3 linha curva, perfil. 4 curva, volta. 5 golpe, giro, movimento circular (como com alfanje). 6 extensão, região, área, amplitude, amplidão. 7 alcance, extensão, esfera. 8 limpador de chaminés, varredor. 9 remo comprido. 10 vara comprida para tirar água de poço. 11 folga, jogo. 12 rampa. 13 tipo de aposta em corrida de cavalos em que o ganhador leva tudo. 14 vitória arrasadora. 15 asas de moinho de vento. 16 sweeps (também sweepings) varredura, lixo, sujeira. • vt+vi (ps, pp swept) 1 varrer, limpar, escovar. the waves swept the boat / as ondas lavaram o barco. 2 roçar, tocar. 3 remover, arrastar (no chão), levar de roldão. 4 eliminar, abolir. 5 correr, mover-se rapidamente, passar impetuosamente. 6 andar com pose ou dignidade. 7 estender-se. 8 caçar, tocar. 9 escavar, dragar. 10 procurar, olhar (o horizonte), perscrutar, esquadrinhar, vasculhar. 11 arrebatar, empolgar. 12 assolar, devastar. 13 abarcar, abranger. 14 vencer de forma espetacular, vencer todas as partidas. 15 derramar-se, fluir. a clean sweep a) fig uma limpeza geral. b) uma vitória completa. at one sweep de um só golpe. he swept his pupils along with him ele entusiasmou seu alunos. sweep-net rede de arrasto. to make a clean sweep of a) ganhar todos os prêmios, concursos, etc. b) limpar completamente. to sweep along correr, passar rapidamente, fig voar. to sweep by passar com grande velocidade. to sweep down varrer para baixo. to sweep down on atirar-se sobre. to sweep off arrastar, levar, varrer. to sweep past passar com grande velocidade. to sweep someone off their feet coll fig fazer alguém ficar impressionado, atraído por você. we were swept off our feet / ficamos impressionados, emocionados. to sweep the board ganhar tudo, limpar a mesa (jogo de apostas). to sweep the chimney limpar a chaminé. with a sweep of his hand com um movimento da mão.

1) (a quantity of blood transferred from one person to another: She was given a blood transfusion.) transfusão

2) (the act or process of transferring blood from one person to another.) transfusão

* * *

[trænsfj'u:ʒən] n transfusão.

1) (a quantity of blood transferred from one person to another: She was given a blood transfusion.) transfusão

2) (the act or process of transferring blood from one person to another.) transfusão

1) (the people who rule a country or state: the British Government.) governo

2) (the way in which a country or state is ruled: Democracy is one form of government.) governo

3) (the act or process of governing.) governo

•

- governmental

* * *

[g'∧vənmənt] n 1 governo, autoridade, administração. 2 controle, direção, dominação. 3 sistema político, regime. to form government formar um governo, formar um ministério.

1) ((one stage or degree in) a series of gradual and successive stages: There are various gradations of colour between red and purple.) gradação

2) (the act or process of grading.) graduação

* * *

[grəd'eiʃən] n 1 graduação, gradação. 2 gradations gradações, degraus.

1) (the act of introducing, or the process of being introduced: the introduction of new methods.) introdução

2) (an act of introducing one person to another: The hostess made the introductions and everyone shook hands.) apresentações

3) (something written at the beginning of a book explaining the contents, or said at the beginning of a speech etc.) introdução

* * *

[intrəd'∧kʃən] n 1 introdução, adoção. 2 apresentação. 3 prefácio. 4 preparação para um estudo, tratado elementar. 5 coisa introduzida ou importada. 6 apresentação (de alguém ou de algo conhecido a outra pessoa). letter of introduction carta de apresentação.

1) (to give or send out, or to distribute, especially officially: The police issued a description of the criminal; Rifles were issued to the troops.) distribuir

2) (to flow or come out (from something): A strange noise issued from the room.) sair

1) (the act of issuing or process of being issued: Stamp collectors like to buy new stamps on the day of issue.) distribuição

2) (one number in the series of a newspaper, magazine etc: Have you seen the latest issue of that magazine?) número

3) (a subject for discussion and argument: The question of pay is not an important issue at the moment.) assunto

* * *

['iʃu:] n 1 emissão, edição, tiragem. 2 despacho, ordem, remessa. 3 saída, descarga, Med perda (de sangue), fluxo. 4 lugar de saída, desembocadura. 5 resultado, fim. 6 problema, ponto de debate, discussão, assunto de controvérsia. the question raises the whole issue / a pergunta atinge todos os fatos. 7 herdeiros, descendentes. 8 busílis, Jur questão. 9 Mil distribuição. • vt+vi 1 emitir, pôr em circulação. 2 sair, escapar, escoar, brotar. 3 publicar, editar. 4 emergir. 5 resultar (in em, from de), terminar. 6 descender (de), provir. 7 provindenciar, suprir. a back issue um número atrasado. a big issue um problema crucial. at issue debatido, em questão. the matter lies at issue / a questão está em debate. bank of issue banco central ou emissor. the coming, next issue o próximo número. the whole issue coll o negócio todo. to cloud / confuse the issue confundir o assunto. to evade / duck the issue fugir da questão. to force an issue forçar uma decisão. to issue a magazine publicar uma revista. to issue forth sair publicado. to issue from resultar de. to join issue with someone discutir a opinião de alguém. to make an issue of something fazer um estardalhaço com algo. to take issue discordar.

- patent leather shoes

* * *

[p'eitənt] n 1 patente: documento que confere um privilégio. 2 patente de invenção. 3 direito, licença. 4 artigo ou processo patenteado. • vt 1 patentear. 2 obter patente de invenção. • adj 1 patente, franqueado, aberto, desobstruído. 2 acessível. 3 evidente, óbvio, manifesto. 4 provido de patente, privilegiado. 5 patenteado (produto). 6 Bot, Zool aberto, expandido. letters patent carta patente. to take out a patent for... requerer patente de invenção para...

1) (the act or process of producing something: car-production; The production of the film cost a million dollars.)

2) (the amount produced, especially of manufactured goods: The new methods increased production.) produção

3) (a particular performance, or set of repeated performances, of a play etc: I prefer this production of `Hamlet' to the one I saw two years ago.) produção

* * *

[prəd'∧kʃən] n 1 produção: a) fabricação, manufatura. b) exposição, apresentação (de documentos, testemunhas, etc.). c) obra, criação, realização, produto. d) obra literária ou artística. e) Theat exibição, encenação. 2 Geom prolongamento, extensão. mass production produção em série. to make a production out of something fazer alarde sobre alguma coisa a fim de que pareça mais importante do que é.

1) (to put or place: She set the tray down on the table.) pôr

2) (to put plates, knives, forks etc on (a table) for a meal: Please would you set the table for me?) pôr

3) (to settle or arrange (a date, limit, price etc): It's difficult to set a price on a book when you don't know its value.) pôr

4) (to give a person (a task etc) to do: The witch set the prince three tasks; The teacher set a test for her pupils; He should set the others a good example.) dar

5) (to cause to start doing something: His behaviour set people talking.) pôr

6) ((of the sun etc) to disappear below the horizon: It gets cooler when the sun sets.) pôr-se

7) (to become firm or solid: Has the concrete set?) endurecer

8) (to adjust (eg a clock or its alarm) so that it is ready to perform its function: He set the alarm for 7.00 a.m.) pôr

9) (to arrange (hair) in waves or curls.) pentear

10) (to fix in the surface of something, eg jewels in a ring.) encastoar

11) (to put (broken bones) into the correct position for healing: They set his broken arm.) endireitar

1) (fixed or arranged previously: There is a set procedure for doing this.) prescrito

2) ((often with on) ready, intending or determined (to do something): He is set on going.) decidido

3) (deliberate: He had the set intention of hurting her.) deliberado

4) (stiff; fixed: He had a set smile on his face.) fixo

5) (not changing or developing: set ideas.) fixo

6) ((with with) having something set in it: a gold ring set with diamonds.) engastado

1) (a group of things used or belonging together: a set of carving tools; a complete set of (the novels of) Jane Austen.) colecção

2) (an apparatus for receiving radio or television signals: a television/radio set.) aparelho

3) (a group of people: the musical set.) conjunto

4) (the process of setting hair: a shampoo and set.) penteado

5) (scenery for a play or film: There was a very impressive set in the final act.) cenário

6) (a group of six or more games in tennis: She won the first set and lost the next two.) set

•

- setting

* * *

[set] n 1 jogo, grupo, conjunto, coleção, série. 2 sociedade, facção. 3 grupo, círculo. 4 conjunto de piadas e estórias no espetáculo de um comediante. 5 Theat, Cin cenário. 6 Radio aparelho, receptor, emissor. 7 porte, posição, forma, ajuste. 8 direção, tendência, curso, rumo. 9 inclinação, deslocação. 10 planta, muda, rebento. 11 fruta recentemente formada da flor. 12 solidificação, endurecimento. 13 Tennis set: série de seis pontos. 14 ato de amarrar (de um cão de caça). 15 ninhada de ovos. 16 trava de serra. 17 última demão de reboque. • vt+vi (ps, pp set) 1 pôr, colocar, localizar, assentar, adaptar, plantar. 2 ajustar, endireitar. 3 regular, acertar. 4 fixar, estabelecer, definir. 5 determinar. 6 apontar, designar. 7 marcar, fixar. 8 dar (exemplo). 9 ligar, firmar. 10 ficar firme, solidificar, coalhar, endurecer, pegar (cimento). 11 montar, engastar. 12 adornar, ornamentar. 13 descer, pôr-se (sol), baixar (maré). 14 chocar, pôr para chocar, colocar ovos para chocar. 15 amarrar (cão de caça). 16 cair, assentar-se, adaptar-se, servir (vestido). 17 tender, dirigir-se, rumar, soprar, vir de (vento). 18 começar a mover-se, pôr-se em movimento. 19 aplicar-se. 20 formar fruta. 21 adaptar. 22 pôr em música, compor. 23 Typogr compor. 24 afiar, assentar (corte de faca, etc.). 25 reduzir (osso deslocado). 26 meter velas. • adj 1 fixado, estabelecido, predeterminado, prescrito. 2 fixo, rígido, imóvel, estacionário. 3 obstinado, aferrado. 4 firme, duro, endurecido. 5 decidido. it was set before him foi apresentado a ele. my set purpose minha firme intenção. to set about começar, tomar providências, iniciar. he doesn’t know how to set about it / ele não sabe como começá-lo. to set apart pôr de lado, reservar. to set a poem to music pôr versos em música. to set aside desprezar, pôr de lado. to set at defiance desafiar. to set back atrasar (relógio), retroceder, impedir, parar. to set behind colocar atrás, descuidar. to set by reservar, separar para uso no futuro. to set down depositar, descer, registrar. to set eyes on something ver, perceber, notar alguma coisa. to set fire to pôr fogo em, acender. to set forth mostrar, demonstrar, anunciar, levantar, partir. to set forward promover, ajudar, continuar, viajar, partir, sair de viagem. to set free liberar. to set in começar, iniciar. a heavy storm set in / caiu um forte temporal. to set in motion pôr em movimento. to set in order arrumar, pôr em ordem. to set off against destacar-se de. to set on incitar, instigar, atacar. to set one’s hand to meter mãos à obra. to set out plantar, enfeitar, adornar, demonstrar, delimitar, exibir, partir, levantar, levantar-se, pôr-se a caminho. to set pen to paper começar a escrever. to set right corrigir. to set someone up as judge arvorar-se em juiz. to set to começar a brigar. to set to work começar a trabalhar, fazer trabalhar. to set up levantar, montar, comprar, iniciar (negócio), fundar, instalar, auxiliar, ajudar, soltar (grito), estabelecer, instituir, estabelecer-se, tornar-se independente. he set up for himself / ele começou a trabalhar por conta própria. to set up a reserve instituir um fundo de reserva. to set up in print compor, tipografar. with set teeth com os dentes cerrados.

1) (the right of succeeding to a throne as king, to a title etc: The Princess is fifth in (order of) succession (to the throne).) sucessão

2) (a number of things following after one another: a succession of bad harvests.) sucessão

3) (the act or process of following and taking the place of someone or something else: his succession to the throne.) sucessão

* * *

[səks'eʃən] n 1 sucessão, série. 2 descendência. 3 herança, direito de sucessão. 4 ordem de herdeiros ou de sucessão. 5 seqüência. Apostolic(al) Succession sucessão apostólica. by order of succession um após outro, em seguida. in due succession em devida ordem. in quick succession em sucessão rápida. in succession em seqüência. succession duty imposto de transmissão de herança. succession of octaves Mus seqüência de oitavas. succession to the throne sucessão ao trono. war of succession guerra da sucessão.

- transportable

* * *

[tr'ænspɔ:t] n 1 transporte (também em contabilidade), transportação. 2 expedição. 3 navio de transporte. 4 avião de transporte. 5 excitação, êxtase, arrebatamento, entusiasmo. 6 deportado. • [trænsp'ɔ:t] vt 1 transportar, conduzir, levar. 2 arrebatar, entusiasmar, extasiar. 3 deportar. in transports of rage num acesso de raiva. it transports you back to the... century isto faz voltá-lo para o século... transported with joy enlevado de alegria.

1) (the people who rule a country or state: the British Government.) governo

2) (the way in which a country or state is ruled: Democracy is one form of government.) governo

3) (the act or process of governing.) governo

•

- governmental

1) ((one stage or degree in) a series of gradual and successive stages: There are various gradations of colour between red and purple.) gradação

2) (the act or process of grading.) graduação

1) (the act of introducing, or the process of being introduced: the introduction of new methods.) introdução

2) (an act of introducing one person to another: The hostess made the introductions and everyone shook hands.) apresentação

3) (something written at the beginning of a book explaining the contents, or said at the beginning of a speech etc.) introdução