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of+the+same+period

  • 101 contemporary

    [kən'tempərəri] 1. adjective
    1) (living at, happening at or belonging to the same period: That chair and the painting are contemporary - they both date from the seventeenth century.) contemporan
    2) (of the present time; modern: contemporary art.) contemporan
    2. noun
    (a person living at the same time: She was one of my contemporaries at university.) contemporan

    English-Romanian dictionary > contemporary

  • 102 contemporary

    [kən'tempərəri] 1. adjective
    1) (living at, happening at or belonging to the same period: That chair and the painting are contemporary - they both date from the seventeenth century.) της ίδιαςεποχής
    2) (of the present time; modern: contemporary art.) σύγχρονος
    2. noun
    (a person living at the same time: She was one of my contemporaries at university.)

    English-Greek dictionary > contemporary

  • 103 contemporary

    [kənˈtempərərɪ]
    1. adjective
    1) living at, happening at or belonging to the same period:

    That chair and the painting are contemporary – they both date from the seventeenth century.

    مُتَعاصِر
    2) of the present time; modern:

    contemporary art.

    مُعاصِر
    2. noun
    – plural conˈtemporaries
    a person living at the same time:

    She was one of my contemporaries at university.

    شَخْص مُعاصِر، مُعاصِرون

    Arabic-English dictionary > contemporary

  • 104 contemporary

    [kən'tempərəri] 1. adjective
    1) (living at, happening at or belonging to the same period: That chair and the painting are contemporary - they both date from the seventeenth century.) contemporain
    2) (of the present time; modern: contemporary art.) contemporain
    2. noun
    (a person living at the same time: She was one of my contemporaries at university.) contemporain/-aine

    English-French dictionary > contemporary

  • 105 contemporary

    [kən'tempərəri] 1. adjective
    1) (living at, happening at or belonging to the same period: That chair and the painting are contemporary - they both date from the seventeenth century.) contemporâneo
    2) (of the present time; modern: contemporary art.) contemporâneo
    2. noun
    (a person living at the same time: She was one of my contemporaries at university.) contemporâneo

    English-Portuguese (Brazil) dictionary > contemporary

  • 106 vertical analysis

    vertical analysis 1. ACC vertikale Bilanzanalyse f, vertikale Analyse f (examination of ratios of items of only one side of the balance sheet, e.g. debt-to-equity ratio = Verschuldungsgrad = Verhältnis von Fremdkapital zu Eigenkapital); 2. STAT, ECON Querschnittsanalyse f, Querschnittsuntersuchung f, Vertikalanalyse f (looks at different ratios at the same time or at the same period of time; synonymous: cross-section analysis; opposite: longitudinal analysis, horizontal analysis; Untersuchung verschiedener Kennzahlen oder Indikatoren, die sich auf einen Zeitpunkt oder Zeitraum beziehen; Gegensatz: Horizontalanalyse, Zeitreihenanalyse)

    Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > vertical analysis

  • 107 период времени

    •

    In such a span (or length) of time many transformations could have taken place.

    •

    The period of time over (or during) which energy can be accumulated as... is limited.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > период времени

  • 108 cross-section analysis

    cross-section analysis STAT, ECON Querschnittsanalyse f, Querschnittsuntersuchung f, Vertikalanalyse f (looks at different ratios at the same time or at the same period of time; synonymous: vertical analysis; opposite: longitudinal analysis, horizontal analysis; Untersuchung verschiedener Kennzahlen oder Indikatoren, die sich auf einen Zeitpunkt oder Zeitraum beziehen; Gegensatz: Horizontalanalyse, Zeitreihenanalyse)

    Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > cross-section analysis

  • 109 ἰσοχρονέω

    II Gramm., have the same number of timeunits, of syllables, A.D.Synt.257.16; of feet,

    - χρονοῦντες πόδες Aristid.Quint.1.23

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἰσοχρονέω

  • 110 Mind

       It becomes, therefore, no inconsiderable part of science... to know the different operations of the mind, to separate them from each other, to class them under their proper heads, and to correct all that seeming disorder in which they lie involved when made the object of reflection and inquiry.... It cannot be doubted that the mind is endowed with several powers and faculties, that these powers are distinct from one another, and that what is really distinct to the immediate perception may be distinguished by reflection and, consequently, that there is a truth and falsehood which lie not beyond the compass of human understanding. (Hume, 1955, p. 22)
       Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white Paper, void of all Characters, without any Ideas: How comes it to be furnished? Whence comes it by that vast store, which the busy and boundless Fancy of Man has painted on it, with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of Reason and Knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from Experience. (Locke, quoted in Herrnstein & Boring, 1965, p. 584)
       The kind of logic in mythical thought is as rigorous as that of modern science, and... the difference lies, not in the quality of the intellectual process, but in the nature of things to which it is applied.... Man has always been thinking equally well; the improvement lies, not in an alleged progress of man's mind, but in the discovery of new areas to which it may apply its unchanged and unchanging powers. (Leґvi-Strauss, 1963, p. 230)
       MIND. A mysterious form of matter secreted by the brain. Its chief activity consists in the endeavor to ascertain its own nature, the futility of the attempt being due to the fact that it has nothing but itself to know itself with. (Bierce, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 55)
       [Philosophy] understands the foundations of knowledge and it finds these foundations in a study of man-as-knower, of the "mental processes" or the "activity of representation" which make knowledge possible. To know is to represent accurately what is outside the mind, so to understand the possibility and nature of knowledge is to understand the way in which the mind is able to construct such representation.... We owe the notion of a "theory of knowledge" based on an understanding of "mental processes" to the seventeenth century, and especially to Locke. We owe the notion of "the mind" as a separate entity in which "processes" occur to the same period, and especially to Descartes. We owe the notion of philosophy as a tribunal of pure reason, upholding or denying the claims of the rest of culture, to the eighteenth century and especially to Kant, but this Kantian notion presupposed general assent to Lockean notions of mental processes and Cartesian notions of mental substance. (Rorty, 1979, pp. 3-4)
       Under pressure from the computer, the question of mind in relation to machine is becoming a central cultural preoccupation. It is becoming for us what sex was to Victorians-threat, obsession, taboo, and fascination. (Turkle, 1984, p. 313)
       7) Understanding the Mind Remains as Resistant to Neurological as to Cognitive Analyses
       Recent years have been exciting for researchers in the brain and cognitive sciences. Both fields have flourished, each spurred on by methodological and conceptual developments, and although understanding the mechanisms of mind is an objective shared by many workers in these areas, their theories and approaches to the problem are vastly different....
       Early experimental psychologists, such as Wundt and James, were as interested in and knowledgeable about the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system as about the young science of the mind. However, the experimental study of mental processes was short-lived, being eclipsed by the rise of behaviorism early in this century. It was not until the late 1950s that the signs of a new mentalism first appeared in scattered writings of linguists, philosophers, computer enthusiasts, and psychologists.
       In this new incarnation, the science of mind had a specific mission: to challenge and replace behaviorism. In the meantime, brain science had in many ways become allied with a behaviorist approach.... While behaviorism sought to reduce the mind to statements about bodily action, brain science seeks to explain the mind in terms of physiochemical events occurring in the nervous system. These approaches contrast with contemporary cognitive science, which tries to understand the mind as it is, without any reduction, a view sometimes described as functionalism.
       The cognitive revolution is now in place. Cognition is the subject of contemporary psychology. This was achieved with little or no talk of neurons, action potentials, and neurotransmitters. Similarly, neuroscience has risen to an esteemed position among the biological sciences without much talk of cognitive processes. Do the fields need each other?... [Y]es because the problem of understanding the mind, unlike the wouldbe problem solvers, respects no disciplinary boundaries. It remains as resistant to neurological as to cognitive analyses. (LeDoux & Hirst, 1986, pp. 1-2)
       Since the Second World War scientists from different disciplines have turned to the study of the human mind. Computer scientists have tried to emulate its capacity for visual perception. Linguists have struggled with the puzzle of how children acquire language. Ethologists have sought the innate roots of social behaviour. Neurophysiologists have begun to relate the function of nerve cells to complex perceptual and motor processes. Neurologists and neuropsychologists have used the pattern of competence and incompetence of their brain-damaged patients to elucidate the normal workings of the brain. Anthropologists have examined the conceptual structure of cultural practices to advance hypotheses about the basic principles of the mind. These days one meets engineers who work on speech perception, biologists who investigate the mental representation of spatial relations, and physicists who want to understand consciousness. And, of course, psychologists continue to study perception, memory, thought and action.
    ... [W]orkers in many disciplines have converged on a number of central problems and explanatory ideas. They have realized that no single approach is likely to unravel the workings of the mind: it will not give up its secrets to psychology alone; nor is any other isolated discipline-artificial intelligence, linguistics, anthropology, neurophysiology, philosophy-going to have any greater success. (Johnson-Laird, 1988, p. 7)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Mind

  • 111 pinta

    f.
    1 spot.
    2 appearance (aspecto).
    tener pinta de algo to look o seem something
    tiene buena pinta it looks good
    4 graffiti (pintada). (Mexican Spanish)
    5 cative, pannus carateus.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: pintar.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: pintar.
    * * *
    1 (mancha) dot
    2 (medida) pint
    ■ ¡vaya una pinta que llevas con ese traje! you look dreadful in that suit!
    1 familiar peyorativo (persona) dodgy character
    * * *
    noun f.
    2) pint
    * * *
    I
    SF
    1) (=lunar) [gen] spot, dot; (Zool) spot, mark
    2) [de líquidos] drop, spot; [de lluvia] drop; (=bebida) * drop to drink
    3) * (=aspecto) appearance

    tener buena pinta — [persona] to look good, look well; [comida] to look good

    tiene pinta de español — he looks Spanish, he looks like a Spaniard

    ¿qué pinta tiene? — what does he look like?

    - estar a la pinta
    4) LAm (Zool) (=colorido) colouring, coloring (EEUU), coloration; (=característica) family characteristic, distinguishing mark
    5) CAm, Méx (=pintada) piece of graffiti
    6) (Naipes) spot ( indicating suit)

    ¿a qué pinta? — what's trumps?, what suit are we in?

    7) And, Cono Sur (=juego) draughts pl ; (=dados) dice
    8) Cono Sur (Min) high-grade ore
    9)
    - hacer pinta
    II
    SF (=medida inglesa) pint
    III
    * SM rogue
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (fam) ( aspecto)

    ¿dónde vas con esa(s) pinta(s)? — where are you going looking like that?

    echar or tirar (Andes) or hacer (RPl) — (fam) to impress

    b) (Chi fam) ( vestimenta) clothes (pl), outfit
    2)
    a) ( en una tela) spot, dot
    b) (Zool) spot
    3) ( medida) pint
    4) (Méx fam) ( de la escuela)

    irse de pinta — to play hooky* (esp AmE colloq), to skive off (school) (BrE colloq)

    II
    masculino (Esp fam) rogue (colloq)
    * * *
    2 = rapscallion, rogue, rascal, look, scallywag [scalawag, -USA].
    Ex. In all truth, it must be said that this howling, hissing, foot-scraping body of young rapscallions found some cause for complaint.
    Ex. Some headings are vague and without scope notes to define them: ROBBERS AND OUTLAWS; CRIME AND CRIMINALS; rogues AND VAGABONDS.
    Ex. And although they may pose themselves as very religious, they are simply rascals.
    Ex. We went head-to-head with those that wanted a uniform look for the whole library Website!.
    Ex. In other words, we either have morons or thugs running the White House -- or perhaps one moron, one thug, and a smattering of scalawags in between.
    ----
    * estar hecho un pinta = be a bit of a lad.
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (fam) ( aspecto)

    ¿dónde vas con esa(s) pinta(s)? — where are you going looking like that?

    echar or tirar (Andes) or hacer (RPl) — (fam) to impress

    b) (Chi fam) ( vestimenta) clothes (pl), outfit
    2)
    a) ( en una tela) spot, dot
    b) (Zool) spot
    3) ( medida) pint
    4) (Méx fam) ( de la escuela)

    irse de pinta — to play hooky* (esp AmE colloq), to skive off (school) (BrE colloq)

    II
    masculino (Esp fam) rogue (colloq)
    * * *
    pinta1
    1 = stain.
    Nota: Mancha rojiza u ocre que aparece en el papel de los libros debido a la humedad.

    Ex: Even though the facsimilist's paper is of the same period as that of the rest of the book, he is most unlikely to be able to match it precisely in all its characteristics thickness, texture, colour, chain-lines, watermark, and the propinquity of worm-holes and stains.

    pinta3
    3 = pint.

    Ex: Two million fewer pints of beer are being sold every day than a year ago as a resul of the present economic crisis.

    2 = rapscallion, rogue, rascal, look, scallywag [scalawag, -USA].

    Ex: In all truth, it must be said that this howling, hissing, foot-scraping body of young rapscallions found some cause for complaint.

    Ex: Some headings are vague and without scope notes to define them: ROBBERS AND OUTLAWS; CRIME AND CRIMINALS; rogues AND VAGABONDS.
    Ex: And although they may pose themselves as very religious, they are simply rascals.
    Ex: We went head-to-head with those that wanted a uniform look for the whole library Website!.
    Ex: In other words, we either have morons or thugs running the White House -- or perhaps one moron, one thug, and a smattering of scalawags in between.
    * estar hecho un pinta = be a bit of a lad.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( fam)
    (aspecto): ¡qué buena pinta tiene el pastel! the cake looks delicious o great!
    tiene pinta de extranjero he looks foreign
    tiene pinta de delincuente he has a shady look about him ( colloq), he looks like a criminal
    ¿dónde vas con esa(s) pinta(s)? where are you going looking like that?
    ¡qué pinta(s) llevas! pareces un pordiosero just look at you! you look like a beggar
    hacer pinta ( RPl) or ( Chi) tirar pinta or ( Col) echar pinta ( fam); to impress
    se puso la chaqueta nueva para hacer pinta she put on her new jacket to show off o to impress ( colloq)
    salió en el auto del papá a tirar pinta he went out in his dad's car to impress everyone with it
    ser algn en pinta ( RPl fam); to be the spitting image of sb
    2 ( Chi fam) (vestimenta) clothes (pl), outfit
    ponerse la pinta ( Col fam); to put on one's glad rags ( colloq), to get dressed up to the nines ( colloq)
    B
    1 (en una tela) spot, dot
    2 ( Zool) spot
    C (medida) pint
    D
    ( Méx fam) (de la escuela): irse de pinta to play hooky* ( esp AmE colloq), to skive off (school) ( BrE colloq)
    ( Esp fam)
    rogue ( colloq), dodgy character ( colloq)
    * * *

    Del verbo pintar: ( conjugate pintar)

    pinta es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    pinta    
    pintar
    pinta sustantivo femenino
    1 (fam) ( aspecto) look;

    tiene pinta de extranjero he looks foreign;
    ¿dónde vas con esa(s) pinta(s)? where are you going looking like that?;
    echar or tirar (Andes) or (RPl) hacer pinta (fam) to impress
    2 (en tela, animal) spot
    3 ( medida) pint
    4 (Méx fam) ( de la escuela):
    ◊ irse de pinta to play hooky( conjugate hooky) (esp AmE colloq), to skive off (school) (BrE colloq)

    pintar ( conjugate pintar) verbo transitivo


    pinta algo al óleo to paint sth in oils
    b) (fam) ( dibujar) to draw

    verbo intransitivo
    1

    b) (fam) ( dibujar) to draw

    2 ( en naipes) to be trumps
    pintarse verbo pronominal ( refl) ( maquillarse) to put on one's makeup;

    pintase los ojos to put on eye makeup;
    pintase las uñas to paint one's nails
    pinta sustantivo femenino
    1 fam (aspecto) look
    2 (mancha, mota) dot, spot
    3 (medida) pint
    pintar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (una superficie) to paint
    2 (dibujar) to draw, sketch
    3 (una situación) describe: me pintó su viaje con todo detalle, he described his trip in graphic detail
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (un bolígrafo, etc) to write
    2 (ser importante) to count: ella no pintaba nada allí, she was out of place there
    3 (en juegos de naipes) to be trumps

    ' pinta' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    menda
    English:
    black
    - come in
    - half-pint
    - look
    - pint
    - pt
    - sleazy
    - wash
    - gill
    - half
    - hooky
    - oil
    - speckle
    - truant
    - wet
    * * *
    ♦ nf
    1. [lunar] spot
    2. [aspecto]
    tiene pinta de estar enfadado he looks like he's annoyed;
    tiene buena pinta it looks good;
    ese cocido tiene muy buena pinta that stew looks delicious;
    ¡menuda pinta tienes, todo lleno de barro! you look a real sight, all covered in mud!;
    Am
    echar o [m5] hacer o [m5] tirar pinta to show off;
    RP
    ser alguien en pinta to be the spitting image of sb
    3. [unidad de medida] pint
    4. Méx [pintada] graffiti
    5. Méx
    irse de pinta [hacer novillos] Br to play truant, US to play hookey
    ♦ nmf
    Urug Fam [hombre] guy, Br bloke; [mujer] woman
    * * *
    f
    1 medida pint
    2 aspecto looks pl ;
    tener buena pinta fig look inviting;
    tener pinta de look like
    * * *
    pinta nf
    1) : dot, spot
    2) : pint
    3) fam : aspect, appearance
    las peras tienen buena pinta: the pears look good
    4) pintas nfpl Mex: graffiti
    * * *
    1. (mancha) spot
    2. (medida) pint

    Spanish-English dictionary > pinta

  • 112 Pihl, Carl Abraham

    [br]
    b. 16 January 1825 Stavanger, Norway
    d. 14 September 1897 Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway
    [br]
    Norwegian railway engineer, protagonist of narrow-gauge railways.
    [br]
    Pihl trained as an engineer at Göteborg, Sweden, and then moved to London, where he worked under Robert Stephenson during 1845 and 1846. In 1850 he returned to Norway and worked with the English contractors building the first railway in Norway, the Norwegian Trunk Railway from Kristiania to Eidsvold, for which the English standard gauge was used. Subsequently he worked in England for a year, but in 1856 joined the Norwegian government's Road Department, which was to have responsibility for railways. In 1865 a distinct Railway Department was set up, and Pihl became Director for State Railway Construction. Because of the difficulties of the terrain and limited traffic, Pihl recommended that in the case of two isolated lines to be built the outlay involved in ordinary railways would not be justified, and that they should be built to the narrow gauge of 3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m). His recommendation was accepted by the Government in 1857 and the two lines were built to this gauge and opened during 1861–4. Six of their seven locomotives, and all their rolling stock, were imported from Britain. The lines cost £3,000 and £5,000 per mile, respectively; a standard-gauge line built in the same period cost £6,400 per mile.
    Subsequently, many hundreds of miles of Norwegian railways were built to 3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m) gauge under Pihl's direction. They influenced construction of railways to this gauge in Australia, Southern Africa, New Zealand, Japan and elsewhere. However, in the late 1870s controversy arose in Norway over the economies that could in fact be gained from the 3 ft 6 in. (1,07 m) gauge. This controversy in the press, in discussion and in the Norwegian parliament became increasingly acrimonious during the next two decades; the standard-gauge party may be said to have won with the decision in 1898, the year after Pihl's death, to build the Bergen-Oslo line to standard gauge.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knight of the Order of St Olaf 1862; Commander of the Order of St Olaf 1877. Commander of the Royal Order of Vasa 1867. Royal Order of the Northern Star 1882.
    Further Reading
    P.Allen and P.B.Whitehouse, 1959, Narrow Gauge Railways of Europe, Ian Allan (describes the Norwegian Battle of the Gauges).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Pihl, Carl Abraham

  • 113 Westinghouse, George

    [br]
    b. 6 October 1846 Central Bridge, New York, USA
    d. 12 March 1914 New York, New York, USA
    [br]
    American inventor and entrepreneur, pioneer of air brakes for railways and alternating-current distribution of electricity.
    [br]
    George Westinghouse's father was an ingenious manufacturer of agricultural implements; the son, after a spell in the Union Army during the Civil War, and subsequently in the Navy as an engineer, went to work for his father. He invented a rotary steam engine, which proved impracticable; a rerailing device for railway rolling stock in 1865; and a cast-steel frog for railway points, with longer life than the cast-iron frogs then used, in 1868–9. During the same period Westinghouse, like many other inventors, was considering how best to meet the evident need for a continuous brake for trains, i.e. one by which the driver could apply the brakes on all vehicles in a train simultaneously instead of relying on brakesmen on individual vehicles. By chance he encountered a magazine article about the construction of the Mont Cenis Tunnel, with a description of the pneumatic tools invented for it, and from this it occurred to him that compressed air might be used to operate the brakes along a train.
    The first prototype was ready in 1869 and the Westinghouse Air Brake Company was set up to manufacture it. However, despite impressive demonstration of the brake's powers when it saved the test train from otherwise certain collision with a horse-drawn dray on a level crossing, railways were at first slow to adopt it. Then in 1872 Westinghouse added to it the triple valve, which enabled the train pipe to charge reservoirs beneath each vehicle, from which the compressed air would apply the brakes when pressure in the train pipe was reduced. This meant that the brake was now automatic: if a train became divided, the brakes on both parts would be applied. From then on, more and more American railways adopted the Westinghouse brake and the Railroad Safety Appliance Act of 1893 made air brakes compulsory in the USA. Air brakes were also adopted in most other parts of the world, although only a minority of British railway companies took them up, the remainder, with insular reluctance, preferring the less effective vacuum brake.
    From 1880 Westinghouse was purchasing patents relating to means of interlocking railway signals and points; he combined them with his own inventions to produce a complete signalling system. The first really practical power signalling scheme, installed in the USA by Westinghouse in 1884, was operated pneumatically, but the development of railway signalling required an awareness of the powers of electricity, and it was probably this that first led Westinghouse to become interested in electrical processes and inventions. The Westinghouse Electric Company was formed in 1886: it pioneered the use of electricity distribution systems using high-voltage single-phase alternating current, which it developed from European practice. Initially this was violently opposed by established operators of direct-current distribution systems, but eventually the use of alternating current became widespread.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Légion d'honneur. Order of the Crown of Italy. Order of Leopold.
    Bibliography
    Westinghouse took out some 400 patents over forty-eight years.
    Further Reading
    H.G.Prout, 1922, A Life of "George Westinghouse", London (biography inclined towards technicalities).
    F.E.Leupp, 1918, George Westinghouse: His Life and Achievements, Boston (London 1919) (biography inclined towards Westinghouse and his career).
    J.F.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 152–4.
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Westinghouse, George

  • 114 Information Processing

       The term "information processing" originated in the late fifties in the computer field as a general descriptive term that seemed somewhat less contingent and parochial than "computer science," which also came into use during the same period. Thus, it was the name of choice for two of the encompassing professional organizations formed at the time: the In ternational Federation of Information Processing Societies and the American Federation of Information Processing Societies. Although the transfer of the phrase from activities of computers to parallel activities of human beings undoubtedly occurred independently in a number of heads, the term was originally identified pretty closely with computer simulation of cognitive processes... ; that is, with the kind of effort from which arose the theory in this book. (Newell & Simon, 1972, p. 888)
       It was because the activities of the computer itself seemed in some ways akin to cognitive processes. Computers accept information, manipulate symbols, store items in "memory" and retrieve them again, classify inputs, recognize patterns and so on.... Indeed the assumptions that underlie most contemporary work on information processing are surprisingly like those of nineteenth century introspective psychology, though without introspection itself. (Neisser, 1976, pp. 5, 7)
       The processor was assumed to be rational, and attention was directed to the logical nature of problem solving strategies. The "mature western mind" was presumed to be one that, in abstracting knowledge from the idosyncracies of particular everyday experience, employed Aristotelian laws of logic. When applied to categories, this meant that to know a category was to have an abstracted clear-cut, necessary, and sufficient criteria for category membership. If other thought processes, such as imagery, ostensive definition, reasoning by analogy to particular instances, or the use of metaphors were considered at all, they were usually relegated to lesser beings such as women, children, primitive people, or even to nonhumans. (Rosch & Lloyd, 1978, p. 2)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Information Processing

  • 115 З-32

    НА ЗАДВОРКАХ (чего) бытье, держать кого-что coll PrepP Invar usu. subj-compl with copula (subj: human, collect, or abstr) or obj-compl with держать ( obj: human, collect, or abstr)) (of or in refer, to a person) (to be, keep s.o.) in a secondary, disadvantageous role or position (of or in refer, to an issue, proposal etc) (to be, keep sth.) out of the focus of attention, ignore sth.: (be (be kept, keep s.o. or sth.)) in the background (of or in refer, to a person) (take (be forced to take etc)) a back seat (of or in refer, to an issue, proposal etc) (be (be put, put sth.)) on the back burner.
    Казачьи офицеры были на задворках... движение по службе было слабым... (Шолохов 3). The Cossack officers had been kept in the background...
    promotion had been slow... (3b).
    Конечно, и Васькин за это время преуспел. Но - с большим отставанием и в меньших масштабах (, чем я), на задворках, так сказать (Зиновьев 2). Of course, during the same period Vaskin, too, came to succeed. But he was very much behind me, on a lower scale-forced, one might say, to take a back seat (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > З-32

  • 116 на задворках

    • НА ЗАДВОРКАХ ( чего) быть, держать кого-что coll
    [PrepP; Invar; usu. subj-compl with copula (subj: human, collect, or abstr) or obj-compl with держать (obj: human, collect, or abstr)]
    =====
    ⇒ (of or in refer, to a person) (to be, keep s.o.) in a secondary, disadvantageous role or position; (of or in refer, to an issue, proposal etc) (to be, keep sth.) out of the focus of attention, ignore (sth.):
    - (be <be kept, keep s.o. or sth.>) in the background;
    - [of or in refer, to a person](take <be forced to take etc>) a back seat;
    - [of or in refer, to an issue, proposal etc] (be <be put, put sth.>) on the back burner.
         ♦ Казачьи офицеры были на задворках... движение по службе было слабым... (Шолохов 3). The Cossack officers had been kept in the background...; promotion had been slow... (3b).
         ♦ Конечно, и Васькин за это время преуспел. Но - с большим отставанием и в меньших масштабах [, чем я], на задворках, так сказать (Зиновьев 2). Of course, during the same period Vaskin, too, came to succeed. But he was very much behind me, on a lower scale-forced, one might say, to take a back seat (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > на задворках

  • 117 decrease

    1. [dɪ'kriːs] гл.
    1) уменьшаться, убывать, сокращаться

    to decrease from … to … — уменьшаться с … до...

    to decrease by … — уменьшаться на...

    to decrease in — уменьшаться в (размере, количестве)

    Over the same period the percentage has decreased from 27 per cent to 9 per cent. — За тот же период процентное соотношение сократилось с двадцати семи процентов до девяти.

    The price has decreased by 15 %. — Цена уменьшилась на пятнадцать процентов.

    Between 1920 and 1953 the average hours of work decreased by ten: from fifty to forty hours. — За период с 1920 по 1953 год средняя продолжительность рабочей недели сократилась на десять часов: с пятидесяти часов в неделю до сорока.

    The roar decreased in volume. — Рёв стал тише.

    Syn:
    Ant:
    2) уменьшать, сокращать

    to decrease pressure — уменьшать, понижать давление

    2. ['diːkriːs] сущ.
    уменьшение, убывание, понижение; убавление; снижение, сокращение, спад
    Syn:
    Ant:

    Англо-русский современный словарь > decrease

  • 118 interest rate parity theory

    Fin
    a method of predicting foreign exchange rates based on the hypothesis that the difference between the interest rates in two countries should offset the difference between the spot rates and the forward foreign exchange rates over the same period

    The ultimate business dictionary > interest rate parity theory

  • 119 Bayard, Hippolyte

    [br]
    b. 1801 Breteuil-sur-Noye, France d. 1887
    [br]
    French photographer, inventor of an early direct positive paper process.
    [br]
    Educated as a notary's clerk, Bayard began his working life in Paris in the Ministry of Finance. His interest in art led him to investigations into the chemical action of light, and he began his experiments in 1837. In May 1839 Bayard described an original photographic process which produced direct positive images on paper. It was devised independently of Talbot and before details of Daguerre's process had been published. During the same period, similar techniques were announced by other investigators and Bayard became involved in a series of priority disputes. Bayard's photographs were well received when first exhibited, and examples survive to the present day. Because the process required long exposure times it was rarely practised, but Bayard is generally credited with being an independent inventor of photography.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1840, Comptes rendus (24 February): 337 (the first published details of Bayard's process).
    Further Reading
    H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London.
    JW

    Biographical history of technology > Bayard, Hippolyte

  • 120 pinta1

    1 = stain.
    Nota: Mancha rojiza u ocre que aparece en el papel de los libros debido a la humedad.
    Ex. Even though the facsimilist's paper is of the same period as that of the rest of the book, he is most unlikely to be able to match it precisely in all its characteristics thickness, texture, colour, chain-lines, watermark, and the propinquity of worm-holes and stains.

    Spanish-English dictionary > pinta1

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