non-Egyptian

Ἕλλην, ηνος, ὁ, Hellen, son of Deucalion, Hes.Fr.7.1.

II Ἕλληνες, οἱ, the Thessalian tribe of which Hellen was the reputed chief, Il.2.684.

2 of all Greeks, Epigr. ap. Paus.10.7.6, Hdt.1.56, Th.1.3, etc.; cf. Πανέλληνες.

3 Gentiles, whether heathens or Christians, opp. Jews, LXXIs.9.12, Ev.Jo.7.35, etc.

4 non-Egyptian (incl. Persians, etc.), PTeb.5.169 (ii B.C.).

5 pagan, Jul.Ep. 114, Eun. VS p.524B., Dam.Isid. 204, Cod.Just.1.11.10.

III as Adj.,=

Ἑλληνικός, στρατός Pi.N.10.25

, etc.: with fem. Subst.,

Ἕλλην' ἐπίσταμαι φάτιν A.Ag. 1254

;

στολήν γ' Ἕλληνα E.Heracl. 130

;

Ἕ. γυνή Philem.55

; Ἕ. ἀληθῶς οὖσα, of fortune, Apollod.Car.5.10;

Πυλῶν Ἑλλήνων D.18.304

: with neut.Subst.,

ἐν χωρίῳ Ἕλληνι Them.Or.27.332d

.

IV those who spoke or wrote Hellenistic Greek, opp.

Ἀττικοί, ἄρτι· οἱ μὲν Ἀ. τὸ πρὸ ὀλίγου, οἱ δὲ Ἕ. καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ νῦν λέγουσι Moer. 68

, al., cf. POxy. 1012Fr.16; opp. οἱ παλαιοί, Moer.145.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to bind, to embrace, to jam in'; non-pres. forms almost only hell. a. late (since Emp., A. Pr. 58)

Other forms: Aor. σφίγξαι, σφιγχθῆναι, fut. σφίγξω, perf. midd. ἔσφιγμαι.

Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. περι-, συν-, ἐπι-.

Derivatives: 1. Vbaladj. σφιγκτός `bound' (AP, Opp. a.o.). 2. σφιγκ-τήρ m. "binder" (AP, Nonn., of collar resp. fetter), des. muscle closing an aperture (medic. a.o.), also = χιτών. Ταραντῖνοι H. (as closely fitting); Lat. LW [loanword] spinter n. `bracelet' (Leumann Spr. 1, 205 = Kl. Schr. 172); - τωρ of reins (AP); - της = κίναιδος (Cratin., H.), Lat. LW [loanword] spintria m. `id.' 3. σφίγξις ( ἀπό-, διά-, περί-), also ἀπό-σφιξις f. `the binding' (medic. a.o.). 4. σφίγμα ( ὑπό-) n. `obstruction' (Hero, medic.). -- On itself stands, apparently as backformation ("rootnoun") Σφίγξ, - ιγγός f. `sphinx' (Hdt., A., E. etc.), also name of an ape (Agatharch. a.o.). Compp. ἀνδρό-σφιγξ m. `male sphinx' (Hdt.), σφιγγό-πους `with sphinx-feet' (hell.). From it σφιγγ-ίον n. `kind of ape' (Plin., inscr. Praeneste), meaning unclear (Luc. Apol. 1); - ίδιον n. `little sphinx' (inscr.). Besides acc. Φῖκα (vv. ll. Σφῖκα, Φίγγα, Σφίγγα) f. (Hes. Th. 326), Σφίξ, - ικός (Choerob.; also Thess. inscr. VII^a?); Βῖκας Σφίγγας H.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: As basis of all forms served the pres. σφίγγω; the nasalless forms ἔσφιγμαι, σφίγμα, ἀπόσφιξις are secondary. -- Isolated. To be rejected Persson Beitr. 1, 399 (with reservation; referee in Bq, WP. 2, 658, Pok. 984). The judgement of Σφίγξ is difficult. The by-forms Φῖκα, Σφῖκα as well as φιγγα = σφίγγα in Pl. Kra. 414 d may be due to folketymological adaptations; cf. also the Φίκιον ὄρος north of Thebes (on it v. Wilamowitz Glaube l. 269). -- The variations show a Pre-Greek word. On the possibility of an Egyptian loan Mac Creedy, Glotta 46, 1968, 250.

Page in Frisk: 2,832

λαός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom.+; ins; pap [here the pl. λαοί, Mayser 27; 29]; LXX, pseudepigr, Philo, Joseph., apolog.)

① people, in a general sense

ⓐ distributively, populace Mt 27:64. ἐν τῷ λαῷ among the people Mt 4:23; Ac 6:8.

ⓑ a close gathering of people crowd Lk 1:21; 3:15, 18; 7:1; 20:1; Ac 3:12; 4:1f; 13:15; 21:30. πᾶς ὁ λ. the whole crowd, all the people (TestSim 6:4; Jos., Ant. 13, 201) Mt 27:25; Lk 8:47; 9:13; 18:43; 21:38; J 8:2; Ac 3:9, 11. Also ἅπας ὁ λ. (Jos., Ant. 7, 63; 211) Lk 3:21. ὁ λ. ἅπας (Jos., Ant. 6, 199; 8, 101) 19:48; GPt 8:28. λ. ἱκανός Ac 5:37 v.l. πᾶν τὸ πλῆθος τ. λαοῦ Lk 1:10; cp. Ac 21:36. πλῆθος πολὺ τοῦ λαοῦ a large crowd of people Lk 6:17; 23:27 (PsSol. 8:2 λαοῦ πολλοῦ; TestJud 3:1 λ. πολύς).

② the mass of a community as distinguished from special interest groups (OGI 90, 12 [II B.C. priests, civil officials, and soldiers]) people

ⓐ in contrast to their leaders Mt 26:5; Mk 11:18 v.l., 32 v.l.; 14:2; Lk 19:48; 20:6, 19, 26; 23:13; Ac 2:47; 4:17, 21; 5:26; 6:12; 12:4.

ⓑ in contrast to Pharisees and legal experts Lk 7:29.

ⓒ in contrast to priests Hb 2:17; 5:3; 7:5, 27 (a Christian congregation in liturgical response Just., A I, 65, 3 al.).—RMeyer, Der ˓Am hā-˒Āreṣ, Judaica 3, ’47, 169–99.

③ a body of people with common cultural bonds and ties to a specific territory, people-group, people as nation (w. φυλή, ἔθνος, γλῶσσα; cp. Da 3:4) Rv 5:9; 13:7; 14:6. Pl. (a Sibylline oracle in Appian, Maced. 2; En 10:21; PsSol 5:11; 17:30 λαοὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν; Just., A I, 49, 1) 7:9; 10:11; 11:9; 17:15.—Lk 2:31. Of a monstrous animal θηρίον δυνάμενον λαοὺς διαφθεῖραι a beast capable of destroying (whole) peoples Hv 4, 2, 3.

④ people of God, people

ⓐ of the people of Israel ὁ λαός (s. also Jewish inscriptions in SIG 1247; GKittel, TLZ 69, ’44, 13; En 20:5; PsSol 17:20; ParJer 2:2 [throughout w. art.]; Just.; Mel., P.; Iren., Orig., Did.—λαός of the native Egyptian population since III B.C. at least: UWilcken on UPZ 110, 100f) Ac 3:23; 7:17; 28:17; 2 Pt 2:1; AcPl Ha 8, 19. Without the art. (Sir 46:7; Wsd 18:13; PsSol [throughout, exc. 17:20]) Jd 5; οὗτος ὁ λ. Mt 15:8; Mk 7:6 (both Is 29:13); Lk 21:23; B 9:3; 10:2; πᾶς ὁ λ. (ParJer 5:17) Lk 2:10 all the people (prob., as the involvement of the shepherds suggests, without cultic restrictions, namely to ‘everyone’); B 12:8. πᾶς ὁ λ. Ἰσραήλ Ac 4:10. οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς τοῦ λ. Mt 2:4; 26:47; 27:1; οἱ πρεσβύτεροι τοῦ λ. 21:23; τὸ πρεσβυτέριον τοῦ λ. Lk 22:66; οἱ ἄρχοντες τοῦ λ. Ac 4:8; B 9:3; PEg², 6; οἱ πρῶτοι τοῦ λ. Lk 19:47. Opp. τὰ ἔθνη the nations, non-Israelites (gentiles) (s. ἔθνος 2 and cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 67 §283 the contrast τὰ ἔθνη … τὴν Ἰταλίαν) Ac 26:17, 23; Ro 15:10 (Dt 32:43).—W. a gen. that denotes the possessor ([τοῦ] θεοῦ, αὐτοῦ, μοῦ etc.; cp. TestJud 25:3; ParJer 3:15; ApcrEzk P 1 verso 3; Jos., Ant. 10, 12; Just., D. 110, 4): λ. τοῦ θεοῦ Lk 1:68; Hb 11:25. ὁ λαός μου Ac 7:34 (Ex 3:7). Rv 18:4 (pl. verb with λαός in sing. as Περὶ ὕψους 23, 2 after a poet λαὸς … κελάδησαν).—Lk 7:16. λ. σου Ἰσραήλ Lk 2:32. ὁ λ. μου ὁ Ἰσραήλ Mt 2:6. ὁ λ. Ἰσραήλ B 16:5 (cp. ὁ λ. τῶν Ἰουδαίων Orig., C. Cels. 2, 1, 6). Pl. of the tribes of Israel (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 159, unless the pl. here means ‘the people’, as Hes., Op. 763f πολλοὶ λαοί; Aristoph., Equ. 163, Ran. 216; 677 πολὺν λαῶν ὄχλον; Callim., Epigr. 47; Isyllus E 1 [IG IV, 950=Coll. Alex. p. 133, 37=D 1 in Diehl² II, 6 p. 115, s. Anth LG] θεὸν ἀείσατε, λαοί = ἐνναέται Ἐπιδαύρου [inhabitants of Epidaurus]; Diod S 1, 45, 1; 3, 45, 6 διὰ τὴν τῶν λαῶν ἀπειρίαν=because of the inexperience of the people; 4, 67, 6; 5, 7, 6; 5, 48, 1 συναγαγεῖν τ. λαοὺς σποράδην οἰκοῦντας=gather the people who live in scattered places; 5, 59, 5 al.; Orphica 34, 10 Q.; Herm. Wr. 1, 27; PRev 42, 17 [258 B.C.] γραφέτωσαν οἱ λαοί=the people are to submit a written statement; Jos., Ant. 18, 352; Just., A I, 47, 1 al; Ath.; Basilius, epistle 92, 2 ln. 44 [=MPG XXXII 481a] οἱ λαοί; Theophanes, Chron. 172, 7 de Boor ἀπέθανον λαοὶ πολλοί) Ac 4:25 (Ps 2:1), 27; Ro 15:11 (Ps 116:1).

ⓑ of Christians Ac 15:14; 18:10; Ro 9:25 (Hos 2:25); Hb 4:9; 1 Pt 2:10; Rv 18:4 (Jer 28:45 SAQ); 1 Cl 59:4; 2 Cl 2:3; B 13:1ff. Prepared by Christ B 3:6; cp. Hs 5, 5, 2. Protected by angels 5, 5, 3; specif. entrusted to Michael 8, 3, 3; cp. 8, 1, 2.—Also in pl. (s. 3 end) λαοὶ αὐτοῦ Rv 21:3; cp. Hs 8, 3, 2.—λ. εἰς περιποίησιν a people (made God’s) own possession 1 Pt 2:9. Also λ. περιούσιος (Ex 19:5) Tit 2:14; 1 Cl 64. λ. κατεσκευασμένος a people made ready Lk 1:17. λ. καινός B 5:7; 7:5.—OKern, ARW 30, ’33, 205–17; EKäsemann, D. wandernde Gottesvolk ’39; N Dahl, D. Volk Gottes: E. Untersuchg. z. Kirchenbewusstsein des Urchristent. ’41; HSahlin, D. Messias u. d. Gottesvolk ’45; AOepke, D. neue Gottesvolk ’50; CVandersleyen, Le mot λαός dans la langue des papyrus: Chronique d’ Égypte 48, ’73, 339–49; OMontevecchi, PapBrux XIX (in Actes du XV^e Congrès International de Papyrologie ’78–79), pp. 51–67.—B. 1313; 1315. Schmidt, Syn. IV 570–75. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv. S. also LfgrE s.v. col. 1634 (lit.).