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1 movable surfaces
Авиация: подвижные поверхности -
2 movable surfaces
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3 movable surfaces
English-Russian dictionary of terms that are used in computer games > movable surfaces
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4 angularly related surfaces
поверхности, расположенные под угломEnglish-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > angularly related surfaces
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5 mating surfaces
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > mating surfaces
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6 table slide bearing surfaces
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > table slide bearing surfaces
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7 подвижные поверхности
Aviation: movable surfacesУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > подвижные поверхности
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8 сила
force
- (при расчете на прочность) — load
-, аэродинамическая — aerodynamic force
сила, воздействующая на тело при обтекании его воздушным потоком. — the force exerted by а moving gaseous fluid upon а body completely immersed in it
-, аэродинамическая подъемная — lift (l)
- аэродинамического сопротивления — drag (d)
-, аэростатическая подъемная — aerostatic lift
разность между весами равных объемов воздуха и газа, который легче воздуха. — the difference between the weight of а volume of air and of an equal volume of a gas lighter-than-air under given conditions.
-, боковая — lateral force
-, боковая (для случая нагружения) — side load. for the side load condition, the airplane is assumed to be in the level attitude.
- бокового ветра — crosswind force
- ветра — wind force
-, внешняя (напряжения, среза и т.п.) — external force. as tension, shear, etc.
-, внешняя (действующая на гироскоп) — applied torque
-, внутренняя — internal force
- возмущения (напр., воздействующая на акселерометр или гироскоп) — disturbing force
- восстановления (акселерометра или гироскопа) — restoring force
-, гравитационная — force of gravity
- давления — pressure force
- девиации силы магнитного поля ла, действующие на магнитный компас. — deviation force
-, действующая — acting force
-, действующая вдоль траектории полета — force acting in the direction of flightpath
-, действующая на... — force acting /exerted/ on...
- (усилие) летчика, действующая на органы управления самолетом — pilot force
аэродинамические нагрузки на поверхности управления не должны превышать усилий летчика на соответствующие органы управленияю. — the air loads on movable surfaces and the corresponding deflections need not exceed those that would result in flight from the application of any pilot force.
- (усилие) летчика, действующая на ручку управления — stick pilot force
-, действующая на самолет — force acting on the airplane
в прямолинейном горизонтальном полете на самолет действуют следующие силы: подъемная сила, вес, тяга, лобовое сопротивление (рис. 141). — there are four net forces acting on the airplane in straight and level flight: lift, weight, thrust, drag.
-, демпфирующая — damping force
- инерции — inertial force
сила инерции пропорциональна и противоположно направлена силе ускорения. — inertial force is proportional and directionally opposite to the accelerating force.
-, кажущаяся подъемная — apparent lift
- кручения — torsional force
- лобового сопротивления — drag (d)
аэродинамическая сила, направленная против движения самолета. — а retarding force acting upon an aircraft in motion through the air.
-, ложная подъемная — false lift
-, лошадиная (лс) — horsepower (hp)
единица измерения мощности — а unit of power, or the capacity of a mechanism to do work.
-, мгновенная — momentary force
- несущего винта, подъемная — rotor lift
подъемная сила несущего винта равна весу вертолета. — rotor lift equal to the rotorcraft weight.
-, неуравновешенная — out-of-balance force
-, нулевая подъемная — zero lift
-, осевая — axial force
-, отрицательная подъемная — negative lift
- поверхностного трения (обшивки) — skin-friction force
-, подъемная — lift (l)
составляющая полной аэродинамической силы, перпендикулярная направлению невозмущенного потока, обтекающего ла. — that component of the total aerodynamic force acting on an aircraft perpendicular to the undisturbed airflow relative to the aircraft.
-, полная подъемная — total lift
-, поперечная — lateral force
-, потребная подъемная — required lift
-, приложенная — applied force
-, противодействующая — counterforce
-, равнодействующая — resultant force
сила эквивалентная рассматриваемой системе сил, приложенных к телу. — the single force which, if acting alone, would produce the same effect as several forces combined.
-, располагаемая подъемная — available lift
-, реактивная — reactive force
- реакции — reaction
- реакции, вертикальная — vertical reaction
the vertical reactions must be combined with horizontal drag reactions.
- света — light intensity
- света в перекрывающихся световых пучках (ано) — intensity in overlaps between adjacent signals
- света, мгновенная — instantaneous (light) intensity
-, составляющая — component force
-, статическая подъемная — static lift
- сцепления (при склейке) — adhesive force
-, термоэлектродвижущая — thermoelectromotive force (temf)
- тока — current (intensity)
- трения — friction force
- тяги — thrust
толкающая или тянущая сила, создаваемая возд. винтом или трд. — the pushing or pulling force developed by an aircraft engine or a propeller.
- тяжести — gravity
- удара — impact force
-, управляющая — control force
-, уравновешенная — balanced force
-, уравновешивающая — balancing force
- ускорения — acceleration /accelerating/ force
-, центробежная — centrifugal force
сила, возникающая во вращающемся теле, направленная от центра (оси) вращения. — a force in а rotating system, deflecting masses radially outward from the axis of rotation.
-, центростремительная — centripetal force
-, чистая подъемная — net lift
-, электродвижущая (эдс) — electromotive force (emf)
влияние с. — force effect
действие с. — action of force
приложение с. — application of force
вступать в с. (о документе) — be effective
создавать подъемную с. — create /produce/ liftРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > сила
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9 surface
поверхность; площадь; покрытие; поверхностныйILS obstruction clearance surface — поверхность, свободная от препятствий, в зоне захода на посадку по системе ИЛС
liquid nitrogen cooled surface — поверхность, охлаждаемая жидким азотом
obstacle clearance surface — поверхность, свободная от препятствий или с заданным превышением над препятствиями
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10 поверхность
surface
-, аэродинамическая (профиль) — airfoil
-, аэродинамическая компенсированная (уравновешенная) — aerodynamically balanced surface
- без покрытия — bare surface
нанести тонкий слой масла на стальную поверхность, не имеющую (защитного) покрытия. — apply а light coat of oil to any bare steel surfaces
-, блестящая (после зачистки) — luster surface
зачистить лакокрасочное покрытие до появления металпического блеска. — clean off paint coating until luster surface appears.
- бонки, опорная (под болт) — bolt boss abutment face
-, влажная (впп) — (runway) wet surface
- водная (моря) — water surface
water-surface condition scale.
-, вспомогательная несущая — auxiliary lifting surface
-, гладкая — smooth surface
-, граничная — boundary surface
-, земная — surface of the earth
- зуба замка лопатки, силовая — blade serration load face
-, компенсированная (руля или элерона) — balanced control surface
- крыла — wing surface
- крыла, верхняя — upper wing surface
- крыла, нижняя — lower wing surface
-, мирового океана в состоянии равновесия воды, уровенная — sea-level gravity equipotential
-, не имеющая металлического блеска — lusterless surface
-, нерабочая — nоn-working surface
-, несущая — lifting surface
часть летательного аппарата, предназначенная для создания аэродинамической (в частности, подъемной) силы при движении аппарата в воздухе. — an airfoil that provides an outer contour or plane to perform a function as in "lifting surface" or "control surfасе".
- обода колеса для монтажа шины — tire bed seat
-, окружающая — surrounding surface
зачищать края забоины с плавным переходом на окружающую поверхность, — smoothly blend the edges of а damage (nick) into the surrounding surface.
-, опорная (монтажная) — bearing surface
-, ответная — mating face
- перехода (см. переход) — fillet surface
-, посадочная (для сопряжения деталей, узлов) — mounting face, fit
-, посадочная (напр., воздушнаго стартера, насоса) — (air starter, pump) mounting face
the fuel pump mounting face is on the accessory drive gear box.
-, посадочная (стык) — joint face
поверхность разъема между двумя частями (половинами) узла. — joint face is parting surfaces between two halves of assembly.
-, привалочная (детали) — mounting face
-, притертая (прикатанная, пришлифованная) — surface of contact
-, рабочая — working surface
-, рулевая — control surface
подвижные несущие поверхности, предназначенные дпя управления самолетом: руль высоты, элероны, руль направления, триммеры, сервокомпенсаторы. — the airfoil shaped surfaces which control the flight attitudes of an aircraft, i.e., the elevators, ailerons, rudder, and auxiliary controls such as tabs.
- с аэродинамической компенсацией, рулевая (управления) — aerodynamically balanced control surface
поверхность управления, часть которой вынесена по всей длине вперед (по полету) от оси вращения (подвески). компенсация служит для уменьшения усилий летчика, потребных для отклонения поверхности управления в полете (рис. 18). — а control surface is balanced aerodynamically when а рогtion of the surface is ahead of the hinge line. control surfaces are balanced aerodynamically to make them more easify manipulated by the pilot and assist in avoiding flutter conditions.
- с весовой компенсацией, рулевая (управления) — statically /mass/ balanced control surface
поверхность управления с центром массы, совмещенным с осью вращения, часто обеспечиваемым установкой грузов-балансиров в носовой части профиля. препятствует возникновению флаттера поверхности (рис. 18). — а control surface is statically balanced when it is mass balanced about the hinge line, i.e., it is hinged at its center of gravity or, as is more often the case, when а weight is fastened to the surface and counter balances the weight of the control surface, to prevent flutter of the surface.
-, скользкая (впп, рулежной дорожки) — slick /slippery/ surface. on slick surfaces (slick runway or taxiway) the optimum applied brake pressure is appreciably reduced.
- с роговой компенсацией, рулевая (рис. 18) — horn-balanced control surface
- соприкосновения — contact surface
-, трущаяся — surface subject to friction
- управления — control surface
подвижная (управляемая) аэродинамически профилированная поверхность, служащая для управления поломением самолета в пространстве (относительно трех осей). к основным поверхностям управления относятся: рули высоты и направления, элероны. — control surface is a device movable in flight, primary function of which is to govern motion of the aircraft in pitch, roll or yaw. control surfaces include: ailerons, elevator and rudder.
- управления с аэродинамической компенсацией — aerodynamically-balanced control surface
- управления с весовой компенсацией — statically /mass/ balanced control surface
- управления с роговой компенсацией — horn-balanced control surface
-, фрикционная (тормозного диска) — friction face the three rotor discs afford six friction faces.
- шины, монтажная (на ободе) — tire bed seat
- шланга (герметизации), уплотняющая — sealing strip nib
балансировать п. управления — balance the control surface
нивелировать п. управления — adjust the control surface
отклонять п. управления — deflect the control surface
подвешивать п. управления — hinge the control surfaceРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > поверхность
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11 joint
<tech.gen> (wall, bridge, weld) ■ Fuge f<tech.gen> (concrete slabs, girders, rails) ■ Stoß m<tech.gen> (stress on: movable, hinged, articulated) ■ Gelenk n< build> ■ Teilfuge f< geo> ■ Kluft f< join> (gen.; any permanent or separable interface) ■ Verbindung f ; Verbindungsstelle f ; Fügestelle f<mech.eng> (of shafts) ■ Gelenk n<mech.eng> (in a lattice structure) ■ Knoten m< metal> ■ Teilfläche f< nav> ■ Nahtstelle f< owg> ■ Verbindung f -
12 Lilienthal, Otto
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 23 May 1848 Anklam, Prussia (now Germany)d. 10 August 1896 Berlin, Germany[br]German glider pioneer, the first to make a controlled flight using wings.[br]Otto Lilienthal and his brother Gustav developed an interest in flying as boys, when they studied birds in flight, built models and even tried to fit wings to their arms. Gustav went on to become a successful architect while Otto, after a brilliant scholastic career, became a mechanical engineer. Otto was able to devote his spare time to the problems of flight, and Gustav helped when his work allowed. They considered manpowered and mechanically powered projects, but neither looked hopeful so they turned to gliding. Otto published his research work in a book, Bird Flight as a Basis for Aviation. By 1889 Otto Lilienthal was ready to test his first full-size gliders. No. 1 and No. 2 were not successful, but No. 3, built in 1891, showed promise. He gradually improved his designs and his launching sites as he gained experience. To take off he ran downhill carrying his hang-glider until it became airborne, then he controlled it by swinging his body weight in the appropriate direction. He even built an artificial mound near Berlin so that he could take off into the wind whichever way it was blowing.In all, Lilienthal built some eighteen gliders with various wing shapes, including biplanes. By 1895 he was planning movable control surfaces (operated by head movement) and a powered version using a carbonic acid gas motor. Unfortunately, Lilienthal crashed and died of his injuries before these ideas could be tested. In all, he made over two thousand flights covering distances up to 300 m (300 yds. Many of these flights were recorded on photographs and so generated an interest in flying. Lilienthal's achievements also encouraged other pioneers, such as Percy Pilcher in Britain, and Octave Chanute and the Wright brothers in the United States.[br]Bibliography1899, Der Vogelflug als Grundlage der Fliegekunst, Berlin, reprinted c. 1977; repub. in English, 1911, as Bird Flight as a Basis for Aviation.Further ReadingCharles H.Gibbs-Smith, 1985, Aviation, London (provides a detailed account of Lilienthal's gliders).P.H.Lilienthal, 1978, "Die Lilienthal Gebrüder", Aerospace (Royal Aeronautical Society) (January) (for more personal information)."The Lilienthal and Pilcher gliders compared", Flight (1 January 1910 and 8 January 1910) (for details about and plans of a typical Lilienthal glider).JDS -
13 Wright, Wilbur
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 16 April 1867 Millville, Indiana, USAd. 30 May 1912 Dayton, Ohio, USA[br]American co-inventor, with his brother Orville Wright (b. 19 August 1871 Dayton, Ohio, USA; d. 30 January 1948 Dayton, Ohio, USA), of the first powered aeroplane capable of sustained, controlled flight.[br]Wilbur and Orville designed and built bicycles in Dayton, Ohio. In the 1890s they developed an interest in flying which led them to study the experiments of gliding pioneers such as Otto Lilienthal in Germany, and their fellow American Octave Chanute. The Wrights were very methodical and tackled the many problems stage by stage. First, they developed a method of controlling a glider using movable control surfaces, instead of weight-shifting as used in the early hand-gliders. They built a wind tunnel to test their wing sections and by 1902 they had produced a controllable glider. Next they needed a petrol engine, and when they could not find one to suit their needs they designed and built one themselves.On 17 December 1903 their Flyer was ready and Orville made the first short flight of 12 seconds; Wilbur followed with a 59-second flight covering 853 ft (260 m). An improved design, Flyer II, followed in 1904 and made about eighty flights, including circuits and simple ma-noeuvres. In 1905 Flyer III made several long flights, including one of 38 minutes covering 24½ miles (39 km). Most of the Wrights' flying was carried out in secret to protect their patents, so their achievements received little publicity. For a period of two and a half years they did not fly, but they worked to improve their Flyer and to negotiate terms for the sale of their invention to various governments and commercial syndi-cates.In 1908 the Wright Model A appeared, and when Wilbur demonstrated it in France he astounded the European aviators by making several flights lasting more than one hour and one of 2 hours 20 minutes. Considerable numbers of the Model A were built, but the European designers rapidly caught up and overtook the Wrights. The Wright brothers became involved in several legal battles to protect their patents: one of these, with Glenn Curtiss, went on for many years. Wilbur died of typhoid fever in 1912. Orville sold his interest in the Wright Company in 1915, but retained an interest in aeronautical research and lived on to see an aeroplane fly faster than the speed of sound.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRoyal Aeronautical Society (London) Gold Medal (awarded to both Wilbur and Orville) May 1909. Medals from the Aero Club of America, Congress, Ohio State and the City of Dayton.Bibliography1951, Miracle at Kitty Hawk. The Letters of Wilbur \& Orville Wright, ed. F.C.Kelly, New York.1953, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, ed. Marvin W.McFarland, 2 vols, New York.Orville Wright, 1953, How We Invented the Aeroplane, ed. F.C.Kelly, New York.Further ReadingA.G.Renstrom, 1968, Wilbur \& Orville Wright. A Bibliography, Washington, DC (with 2,055 entries).C.H.Gibbs-Smith, 1963, The Wright Brothers, London (reprint) (a concise account).J.L.Pritchard, 1953, The Wright Brothers', Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (December) (includes much documentary material).F.C.Kelly, 1943, The Wright Brothers, New York (reprint) (authorized by Orville Wright).H.B.Combs with M.Caidin, 1980, Kill Devil Hill, London (contains more technical information).T.D.Crouch, 1989, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur \& Orville Wright, New York (perhaps the best of various subsequent biographies).JDS
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