more+violent

prĭor and prĭus (old form also in neutr. prior, Val. Antias and Quadrig. ap. Prisc. p. 767), ōris, adj. comp. [from obsol. prep. pri; v. primus init. ], former, previous, prior, freq. to be translated first; cf. superior; Cicero nearly always uses prior, opp. to posterior, in time; superior in sense of former, in gen. relation to the present, when no other time is expressed; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 921 sq.

Lit.:

ita priori posterius, posteriori superius non jungitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 44:

me quaestorem in primis, aedilem priorem, praetorem primum populus Romanus faciebat,

id. Pis. 1, 2:

qui prior has angustias occupaverit,

first, Caes. B. C. 1, 66:

prior proelio lacessere,

id. ib. 1, 82:

etsi utrique primas, priores tamen libenter deferunt Laelio,

Cic. Brut. 21, 84:

priore loco causam dicere,

first, id. Quint. 9, 32:

priore aestate,

in the former summer, last summer, id. Fam. 1, 9, 24:

priore nocte,

id. Cat. 1, 4, 8:

factum est enim meā culpā, ut priore anno non succederetur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2:

prioribus comitiis,

id. Planc. 22, 54:

priore anno,

the year before, Liv. 3, 9, 7; 3, 10, 14; 4, 56, 5:

prioris anni consules,

id. 4, 13, 10; 4, 17, 9:

Dionysius prior,

the elder, Nep. Dion, 1, 3:

vinum,

of last year, Plin. 14, 19, 24, § 120:

priore libro,

in the previous book, Col. 4, 22, 9:

pedes,

the forefeet, Nep. Eum. 5, 5; Plin. 8, 45, 70, § 181:

canities homini semper a priori parte capitis, tum deinde ab aversā,

the forepart, Plin. 11, 37, 47, § 131.—Pleon.:

cum prior Romanus exercitus praevenisset,

Liv. 9, 23, 2:

prius praecepta res erat,

id. 21, 32, 7; cf. id. 9, 23, 2.— Old neutr. prior: hoc senatusconsultum prior factum est, Val. Antias ap. Prisc. p. 767 P.:

prior bellum, Quadrig. ib.: foedus prior,

id. ib. (cf.: bellum Punicum posterior, Cass. Hem. ib.).—

Former, i. e. deceased (late Lat.):

inter prieres fratres,

Amm. 21, 6, 2.—

Subst.: prĭōres, um, m., forefathers, ancestors, the ancients ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

abiturus illuc, quo priores abierunt,

Phaedr. 4, 18, 16:

nomen dixere priores Ortygiam,

Verg. A. 3, 693:

nec ingeniis investigata priorum,

Ov. M. 15, 146; 332:

priores tradiderunt,

Col. 1, 4, 3:

nostri,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4:

more priorum,

Ov. M. 10, 218; Sen. Ep. 52, 2.—

Trop., better, superior, preferable, more excellent or important (not in Cic. and Cæs.):

bellante prior,

Hor. C. S. 51:

color puniceae flore prior rosae,

id. C. 4, 10, 4; Ov. H. 18, 69:

ut nemo haberetur prior,

Liv. 27, 8:

aetate et sapientiā,

Sall. J. 10, 7:

consilio et manu,

id. ib. 96, 3:

neque prius, neque antiquius quidquam habuit, quam, etc.,

Vell. 2, 52, 4.—Esp. with potior:

potius quanto prius potiusque est Philippum nobis conjungere quam hos,

Vell. 36, 7, 6:

nulla (res) prior potiorque visa est,

id. 8, 29, 2:

nihil prius nec potius visum,

id. 39, 47, 4: unus Plinius est mihi priores, i. e. worth more than they all, Sent. Augur. ap. Plin. Ep. 4, 27, 4:

artium multitudine prior omnibus, eloquentiā nulli secundus,

App. Flor. 2, p. 346.—Hence, adv. comp.: prĭus.

Before, sooner, first, previously (class.).

Alone:

quem fuit aequius, ut prius introieram in vitam, sic prius exire de vitā,

Cic. Lael. 4, 15:

regem prius Europā, post et Asiā, expellere,

Liv. 37, 52, 4:

ut vos prius experti estis, nunc Antiochus experitur,

id. 36, 17, 8; so,

prius... nunc,

Verg. G. 3, 362:

prius... tum,

Cato, R. R. 135; Liv. 34, 55, 5:

prius.... postea,

id. 29, 12, 11.—

With quam, and often joined in one word, priusquam.

Before that, before:

prius quam lucet, assunt,

before dawn, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 115:

prius illi erimus quam tu,

id. Ps. 2, 4, 68:

prius quam plane aspexit ilico eum esse dixit,

id. Rud. 4, 4, 87:

nihil prius mihi faciendum putavi, quam ut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 1:

cui prius quam de ceteris rebus respondeo, de amicitiā pauca dicam,

before, id. Phil. 2, 1, 3:

quod ego, prius quam loqui coepisti, sensi,

id. Vatin. 2, 4:

neque prius fugere destiterunt, quam ad flumen Rhenum pervenerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53:

quid potius faciam, prius quam me dormitum conferam, non reperio,

Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 1:

priusquam aggrediar, etc.,

id. Balb. 7, 18:

prius quam ad portam venias,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44.—

Sooner, rather:

Aegyptii quamvis carnificinam prius subierint, quam ibin aut aspidem violent,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 27, 78; id. Lig. 12, 34; Caes. B. C. 3, 1.—Sometimes in an inverted order:

ad hoc genus hominum duravi, quam prius me ad plures penetravi,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 13; Prop. 2, 14, 11 (3, 10, 10); v. Zumpt, Gram. § 576.—

In gen., formerly, in former times ( poet.), Cat. 51, 13:

sed haec prius fuere: nunc, etc.,

id. 4, 25; Prop. 1, 1, 18.

bacchor, ātus ( part. pres. gen. plur. bacchantum; v. I. fin. infra), 1, v. dep. [Bacchus].

Lit., to celebrate the festival of Bacchus:

Baccha bacchans,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

saxea ut effigies bacchantis prospicit Evoe,

i. e. which cries Evoe in the orgies, Cat. 64, 61; 64, 255:

cum aliquo,

Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 8.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: bacchan-tes, um, f., Bacchae, the Bacchantes: passis Medea capillis Bacchantum ritu, Ov.M. 7, 258; 3, 703; Curt. 8, 10, 15; gen. Bacchantium, id. 9, 10, 24.—

Pass. (as in later Gr. bakcheuesthai, bakcheuthênai) of the place in which the orgies of Bacchus were celebrated:

virginibus bacchata Lacaenis Taygeta,

Verg. G. 2, 487 Heyn.:

bacchata jugis Naxos,

id. A. 3, 125:

Dindyma sanguineis famulum bacchata lacertis,

Val. Fl. 3, 20: ita obsoletum sono furenter ab omni parti bacchatur nemus, Santra ap. Non. p. 78, 28:

ululatibus Ide bacchatur,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 206.—

Transf., in gen., to revel, rave, rant, like the Bacchœ (of every species of mental excitement, love, hatred, joy, etc.; mostly poet. and in more elevated prose):

quibus gaudiis exsultabis? quantā in voluptate bacchabere?

Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

furor in vestrā caede bacchantis,

id. ib. 4, 6, 11; id. Har. Resp. 18, 39:

non ego sanius Bacchabor Edonis,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 26; Col. poët. 10, 198; * Suet. Calig. 56; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 213; id. VI. Cons. Hon. 192.—Of murderous fury:

tantā in illos caede bacchati sunt,

Vulg. Judic. 20, 25.—So of poet. inspiration, Stat. S. 1, 2, 258;

and with carmen as object: grande Sophocleo carmen bacchamur hiatu,

Juv. 6, 636; cf.:

furebant Euhoe bacchantes,

raving to the cry of Euhoe, Cat. 64, 255; 64, 61.—Also, to go or run about in a wanton, wild, raving, or furious manner: animans Omne, quod in magnis bacchatur montibu' passim, * Lucr. 5, 822:

saevit inops animi, totamque incensa per urbem Bacchatur,

Verg. A. 4, 301 ( = discursitat, Heyne):

immanis in antro Bacchatur vates,

raves, is inspired, id. ib. 6, 78;

7, 385: infelix virgo totā bacchatur in urbe,

id. Cir. 166.—Hence,

Transf. to inanimate things, to be furious, rage with fury, etc., to be impetuous, etc.

So of a vessel of wine that is filled very often:

ubi bacchabatur aula, casabant cadi,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 41 Lorenz ad loc.—

Of winds:

Thracio bacchante magis sub interlunia vento,

Hor. C. 1, 25, 11; Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 29.—Of violent rain, Val. Fl. 6, 632.—

Of a rumor: concussam bacchatur fama per urbem, spreads rapidly, Verg A. 4, 666.—

Of enthusiastic, raging discourse:

quod eos, quorum altior oratio actioque esset ardentior furere et bacchari arbitraretur,

Cic. Brut. 80, 276:

vitiosum dicendi genus, quod inanibus locis bacchatur, etc.,

Quint. 12, 10, 73.

bacchor, ātus ( part. pres. gen. plur. bacchantum; v. I. fin. infra), 1, v. dep. [Bacchus].

Lit., to celebrate the festival of Bacchus:

Baccha bacchans,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

saxea ut effigies bacchantis prospicit Evoe,

i. e. which cries Evoe in the orgies, Cat. 64, 61; 64, 255:

cum aliquo,

Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 8.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: bacchan-tes, um, f., Bacchae, the Bacchantes: passis Medea capillis Bacchantum ritu, Ov.M. 7, 258; 3, 703; Curt. 8, 10, 15; gen. Bacchantium, id. 9, 10, 24.—

Pass. (as in later Gr. bakcheuesthai, bakcheuthênai) of the place in which the orgies of Bacchus were celebrated:

virginibus bacchata Lacaenis Taygeta,

Verg. G. 2, 487 Heyn.:

bacchata jugis Naxos,

id. A. 3, 125:

Dindyma sanguineis famulum bacchata lacertis,

Val. Fl. 3, 20: ita obsoletum sono furenter ab omni parti bacchatur nemus, Santra ap. Non. p. 78, 28:

ululatibus Ide bacchatur,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 206.—

Transf., in gen., to revel, rave, rant, like the Bacchœ (of every species of mental excitement, love, hatred, joy, etc.; mostly poet. and in more elevated prose):

quibus gaudiis exsultabis? quantā in voluptate bacchabere?

Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

furor in vestrā caede bacchantis,

id. ib. 4, 6, 11; id. Har. Resp. 18, 39:

non ego sanius Bacchabor Edonis,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 26; Col. poët. 10, 198; * Suet. Calig. 56; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 213; id. VI. Cons. Hon. 192.—Of murderous fury:

tantā in illos caede bacchati sunt,

Vulg. Judic. 20, 25.—So of poet. inspiration, Stat. S. 1, 2, 258;

and with carmen as object: grande Sophocleo carmen bacchamur hiatu,

Juv. 6, 636; cf.:

furebant Euhoe bacchantes,

raving to the cry of Euhoe, Cat. 64, 255; 64, 61.—Also, to go or run about in a wanton, wild, raving, or furious manner: animans Omne, quod in magnis bacchatur montibu' passim, * Lucr. 5, 822:

saevit inops animi, totamque incensa per urbem Bacchatur,

Verg. A. 4, 301 ( = discursitat, Heyne):

immanis in antro Bacchatur vates,

raves, is inspired, id. ib. 6, 78;

7, 385: infelix virgo totā bacchatur in urbe,

id. Cir. 166.—Hence,

Transf. to inanimate things, to be furious, rage with fury, etc., to be impetuous, etc.

So of a vessel of wine that is filled very often:

ubi bacchabatur aula, casabant cadi,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 41 Lorenz ad loc.—

Of winds:

Thracio bacchante magis sub interlunia vento,

Hor. C. 1, 25, 11; Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 29.—Of violent rain, Val. Fl. 6, 632.—

Of a rumor: concussam bacchatur fama per urbem, spreads rapidly, Verg A. 4, 666.—

Of enthusiastic, raging discourse:

quod eos, quorum altior oratio actioque esset ardentior furere et bacchari arbitraretur,

Cic. Brut. 80, 276:

vitiosum dicendi genus, quod inanibus locis bacchatur, etc.,

Quint. 12, 10, 73.

concĭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. [concieo], to move violently, to put in violent or quick motion, to stir up, rouse up, excite, incite, shake.

Prop. (thus most freq. in the poets and histt.):

artus,

Lucr. 3, 292; 3, 301:

equum calcaribus,

Liv. 2, 6, 8; cf.:

equum in aliquem,

Nep. Pelop. 5, 4:

concitant equos permittuntque in hostem,

Liv. 3, 61, 8:

equos adversos,

id. 8, 7, 9; cf. also under P. a.:

naves quantā maximā celeritate poterat,

id. 36, 44, 4; cf.:

classem concitatam remis,

id. 30, 25, 8; 37, 11, 10:

navem remis,

Curt. 4, 3, 2:

in alteram (navem) quinqueremis eadem concitata,

id. 4, 4, 7:

agmen,

Ov. M. 14, 239:

omne nemus,

id. F. 1, 436:

feras,

id. ib. 2, 286:

tela,

Liv. 34, 39, 3:

eversas Eurus aquas,

Ov. H. 7, 42; cf.:

mare aeriore vento,

Curt. 4, 3, 17:

graves pluvias,

Ov. F. 2, 72:

se in hostem,

Liv. 8, 39, 7; cf.:

se in Teucros alis (Alecto),

Verg. A. 7, 476:

se in fugam,

to take to flight, Liv. 22, 17, 6; cf.:

se fugā in aliquem locum,

Val. Fl. 3, 383.—

Trop. (class. and very freq. in prose and poetry).

Aliquem, to rouse, urge, impel one to any act, feeling, etc., to move strongly, to influence, stir up, instigate, etc.; constr. with acc. pers. and ad, in, adversus, the inf. and absol.

With ad and a subst., gerund, or gerundive:

concitari ad studium cognoscendae percipiendaeque virtutis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 47, 204; cf.:

concitatus ad philosophiam studio,

id. Brut. 89, 306:

judicem ad fortiter judicandum,

Quint. 6, 1, 20:

victum ad depellendam ignominiam,

id. 1, 2, 24:

nos ad quaerendum,

id. 10, 2, 5:

omnem Galliam ad nostrum auxilium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

multitudinem ad arma,

id. ib. 7, 42 fin.; cf.: cessantes ad arma, * Hor. C. 1, 35, 16: colonias ad audendum aliquid, Suet. Caes. 8:

ad convicia,

id. Tib. 54:

ad despiciendam vitam,

id. Oth. 10.—

With in:

qui in iram concitat se,

Quint. 6, 2, 27; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 6.—

With adversus:

Etruriam omnem adversus nos,

Liv. 5, 4, 14:

exercitum adversus regem,

id. 1, 59, 12.—

With inf.:

quae vos dementia concitat captam dimittere Trojam?

Ov. M. 13, 226.—

Absol., both with and without abl.:

te ipsum animi quodam impetu concitatum,

Cic. Mur. 31, 65; so,

uxorem dolore,

id. Scaur. 6, 9 (Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 689 P.):

aliquem injuriis,

Sall. C. 35, 3:

multitudinem fallaci spe,

Liv. 6, 15, 6:

familiam seditionibus,

Col. 1, 8, 18:

aliquem aliquo adfectu,

Quint. 10, 7, 15:

irā,

Liv. 23, 7, 7; 42, 59, 2; Quint. 6, 3, 46; Liv. 7, 8, 3:

aspectu pignorum suorum concitari,

Tac. Agr. 38; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 6:

quo enim spectat illud... nisi ut opifices concitentur?

should be excited to sedition, id. Ac. 2, 47, 144; cf. id. Fl. 8, 18 sq.; Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4; cf.

servitia,

Sall. C. 46, 3:

multitudinem,

Nep. Arist. 1, 3:

suos,

Caes. B. G. 5, 26:

judices (opp. flectere),

Quint. 6, 1, 9; cf.

(opp. placare),

id. 11, 3, 170;

(opp. mitigare),

id. 3, 4, 3; 4, 2, 9; 6, 2, 12:

concitare animos ac remittere,

id. 9, 4, 11:

tuas aures de nobis,

Prop. 3 (4), 15, 45.—

Aliquid, to rouse, excite, cause, occasion, produce any action, passion, evil, etc.:

bellum,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 6; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; Nep. Ham. 4, 3; Liv. 5, 5, 11; Flor. 4, 5, 1 al.; cf.:

bellum Romanis,

Liv. 35, 12, 18:

quantas turbas mihi,

Sall. H. 3, 61, 11 Dietsch; cf.:

quantam pugnam mihi,

Quint. 10, 1, 105:

lacrimas totius populi Romani,

id. 11, 3,:

misericordiam populi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

odium (just before, commovere odium),

id. Inv. 1, 54, 105; cf. id. ib. 1, 53, 100:

invidiam in te ex illis rebus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 21:

invidiam, odium, iram,

Quint. 6, 1, 14:

iram (opp. lenire),

id. 3, 8, 12:

risum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 58, 235:

seditionem ac discordiam,

id. Mur. 39, 83:

tumultum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 18; Liv. 38, 33, 7:

aspera iambis maxime concitantur,

Quint. 9, 4, 136:

error vanis concitatus imaginibus,

Val. Max. 9, 9 init.:

morbos,

Cels. 2, 13:

pituitam,

id. 6, 6, 15:

somnum,

Plin. 20, 17, 73, § 189.—Hence, concĭtātus, a, um, P. a.

(Acc. to I.) Violently moved, i. e. rapid, swift, quick:

equo concitato ad hostem vehitur,

at full speed, Nep. Dat. 4 fin. (more freq. citato equo; v. 2. cito, P. a.):

quam concitatissimos equos immittere jubet,

Liv. 35, 5, 8:

conversio caeli concitatior,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 18; so,

cursu,

Liv. 35, 29, 6:

concitatissimus corporis motus,

Quint. 2, 11, 4.—

(Acc. to II.) Roused up, excited, vehement, ardent (freq. in Quint.):

testimonia non concitatae contionis sed jurati senatūs,

Cic. Fl. 7, 17:

(in comoediis pater) interim concitatus, interim lenis est,

Quint. 11, 3, 74:

adfectus (opp. mites atque compositi),

id. 6, 2, 9; cf.

opp. flebiles,

id. 11, 3, 162:

animus an remissus,

id. 3, 9, 7:

causae,

id. 11, 1, 3:

oratio,

id. 3, 8, 58 and 60:

sententiae,

id. 12, 9, 3; 10, 1, 44:

erectā et concitatā voce (opp. summissā atque contractā),

id. 11, 3, 175:

Lucanus ardens et concitatus,

id. 10, 1, 91.— Comp.:

concitatior accidens clamor,

Liv. 10, 5, 2; Quint. 2, 15, 28; 8, 3, 14.—Hence, concĭtātē, adv. (not in Cic.).

(Acc. to 1.) Quickly, rapidly:

agitur pecus,

Col. 6, 6, 4.—

(Acc. to 2.) Impetuously, ardently (most freq. in Quint.):

dicere,

Quint. 8, 3, 40; 10, 2, 23; 11, 3, 23;

12, 10, 71: itur,

id. 11, 3, 133.— Comp.:

dicere,

Quint. 1, 8, 1; 3, 8, 68; 9, 4, 130:

movere adfectus,

id. 12, 10, 26.—

* Sup.: raperet ventus, Aug. Civ. Dei, 5, 26.

dē-mitto, mīsi, missum, 3, v. a., to send down; to drop; to let, sink, or bring down; to cause to hang or fall down; to lower, put down, let fall (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

picis e caelo demissum flumen,

Lucr. 6, 257; cf.:

caelo imbrem,

Verg. G. 1, 23:

caelo ancilia,

Liv. 5, 54 et saep.:

barbam malis,

Lucr. 5, 673:

latum clavum pectore,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 28; cf.:

monilia pectoribus,

Verg. A. 7, 278:

laenam ex humeris,

id. ib. 4, 263: Maia genitum demittit ab alto, Verg. A. 1, 297; cf.:

ab aethere currum, Ov M. 7, 219: e muro sporta,

Sall. Hist. 2, 53:

aliquem in sporta per murum,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 11, 33:

taleam (sc. in terram),

to put into the ground, plant, Cato R. R. 45, 2;

arbores altius,

Plin. 17, 11, 16, § 81:

puteum alte in solido,

i. e. to sink deep, Verg. G. 2, 231:

triginta pedes in terram turrium fundamenta,

Curt. 5, 1, 31:

arbusta certo demittunt tempore florem,

Lucr. 5, 670:

demisit nardini amphoram cellarius (i. e. deprompsit),

Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 12:

fasces,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31; cf. id. ib. 1, 40:

cibos (sc. in alvum),

Quint. 10, 1, 19; cf. Ov. M. 8, 835.—Naut. t. t., to lower, demittere antennas, Sall. Hist. 4, 41 Dietsch.;

Auct. B. Alex. 45, 2: cornua (i.e. antennas),

Ov. M. 11, 482; cf.:

effugit hibernas demissa antenna procellas,

id. Tr. 3, 4, 9:

arma, classem, socios Rheno,

Tac. A. 1, 45 fin.; cf.: farinam doliis secundā aquā Volturni fluminis, Frontin. Strat. 3, 14, 2;

and pecora secundā aquā,

id. ib. 3, 14, 4:

manum artifices demitti infra pectus vetant,

Quint. 11, 3, 112; cf.

brachia,

id. 2, 13, 9:

frontem (opp. attolli),

id. 11, 3, 78:

supercilia (opp. allevari), ib. § 79: aures,

Hor. Od. 2, 13, 34; cf.

auriculas,

id. S. 1, 9, 20:

caput,

Ov. M. 10, 192:

crinem,

id. ib. 6, 289:

demisso capite,

Vulg. Job 32, 6 al.:

aliquos per funem,

Verg. A. 2, 262; Hor. A. P. 461:

vestem,

id. S. 1, 2, 95; cf.

tunicam,

id. ib. 25:

stolam,

id. ib. 99 et saep.; often in a violent manner, to cast down, to cast, throw, thrust, plunge, drive, etc.:

equum in flumen,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 73; cf.:

equos a campo in cavam viam,

Liv. 23, 47:

aliquem in carcerem,

Liv. 34, 44 fin.; cf. Sall. C. 55, 4:

aliquem ad imos Manes,

Verg. A. 12, 884:

hostem in ovilia,

Hor. Od. 4, 4, 10:

gladium in jugulum,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 28; cf.:

ferrum in ilia,

Ov. M. 4, 119:

sublicas in terram,

Caes. B. G. 3, 49, 4; cf.:

huc stipites,

id. ib. 7, 73, 3 and 6:

huc caementa,

Hor. Od. 3, 1, 35:

nummum in loculos,

to put, id. Ep. 2, 1, 175:

calculum atrum in urnam,

Ov. M. 15, 44:

milia sex nummum in arcam nummariam,

Nov. Com. v. 108 Rib.: caput ad fornicem Fabii, to bow, stoop, Crassus ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 267: tunicam ad talos, Varr. ap. Non. 286, 19; cf. Cic. Clu. 40, 111; Quint. 5, 13, 39 et saep.:

quove velim magis fessas demittere naves,

Verg. A. 5, 29; cf.:

navem secundo amni Scodam,

Liv. 44, 31.— Poet. with dat.:

corpora Stygiae nocti tormentis,

Ov. M. 3, 695; cf.:

aliquem neci,

Verg. A. 2, 85:

aliquem Orco,

id. ib. 2, 398; Hor. Od. 1, 28, 11:

aliquem umbris,

Sil. 11, 142:

ferrum jugulo,

Ov. H. 14, 5:

ferrum lacubus,

id. M. 12, 278:

offa demittitur faucibus boum,

Plin. 27, 11, 76, § 101.—

Se, or in the pass. form with middle signif., to let one's self down, stoop, descend:

(venti vortex) ubi se in terras demisit,

Lucr. 6, 446:

se inguinibus tenus in aquam calidam,

Cels. 1, 3:

se ad aurem alicujus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

cum se demittit ob assem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 64:

concava vallis erat, qua se demittere rivi Assuerant,

Ov. M. 8, 334 al.:

nonullae (matres familias) de muris per manus demissae,

Caes. B. G. 7, 47, 6.— Prov.: demitti de caelo, or simply caelo, to be sent down from heaven, i. e. to be of celestial origin, Liv. 10, 8, 10; Quint. 1, 6, 16.—

Esp., milit. t. t.

To send, bring, or lead down soldiers into a lower place:

in loca plana agmen demittunt,

Liv. 9, 27; cf.:

agmen in vallem infimam,

id. 7, 34:

equites Numidas in inferiorem campum,

id. 27, 18:

agmen in Thessaliam,

id. 32, 13; 38, 2: exercitum in planitiem, Frontin. Strat. 1, 2, 7 al.; and without in:

agmen,

Liv. 9, 2:

levem armaturam,

id. 22, 28 al.:

cum se major pars agminis in magnam convallem demisisset,

had descended, Caes. B. G. 5, 32 fin.;

so with se,

id. ib. 6, 40, 6; 7, 28, 2; id. B. C. 1, 79, 4; Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4 al.—

Arma demittere, in making a military salute: armis demissis salutationem more militari faciunt, with grounded arms, Auct. B. Afr. 85, 6. —

Trop., to cast down, let sink, etc.:

demisere oculos omnes gemitumque dedere,

Ov. M. 15, 612; cf.:

vultu demisso,

Vulg. Isa. 49, 23:

demissis in terram oculis,

Liv. 9, 38, 13;

also in sleep: cadit inscia clavo Dextera, demittitque oculos,

Val. Fl. 3, 41:

vultum,

Val. Max. 8, 14, 5; Curt. 6, 32, 1:

vultum animumque metu,

Ov. M. 7, 133; cf.

vultus,

id. ib. 10, 367; Liv. 2, 58. hoc in pectus tuum demitte, impress this deeply on your mind, Sall. J. 102 fin.; cf.:

eas voces in pectora animosque,

Liv. 34, 50; and:

dolor hoc altius demissus, quo minus profiteri licet,

Just. 8, 5, 11: cum in eum casum me fortuna demisisset, ut, etc., had reduced, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 2:

dignitatem in discrimen,

Liv. 3, 35:

vim dicendi ad unum auditorem (opp. supra modum sermonis attolli),

Quint. 1, 2, 31; to engage in, enter upon, embark in, meddle with:

me penitus in causam,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3; cf.:

me in res turbulentissimas,

id. Fam. 9, 1, 2: cogita ne te eo demittas, unde, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16 fin.:

se in comparationem,

Suet. Rhet. 6:

se in adulationem,

to descend to, Tac. A. 15, 73:

se usque ad servilem patientiam,

id. ib. 14, 26:

se ad minora illa,

Quint. 1 prooem. § 5: re in secunda tollere animos et in mala demittere, to let it sink, i. e. to be disheartened, Lucil. ap. Non. 286, 7; cf.:

si vicerint, efferunt se laetitia: victi debilitantur animosque demittunt,

Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42; so,

animos (with contrahere),

id. Tusc. 4, 6 fin.; and:

animum (with contrahere),

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, § 4:

mentes,

Verg. A. 12, 609 (desperant, sicut e contra sperantes aliquid erigunt mentes, Serv.); and with abl.:

ne se admodum animo demitterent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 29.—In geom., t. t., to let fall a line, Vitr. 3, 5, 5.—Hence, dēmissus, a, um, P. a., brought down, lowered.

Lit.

Of localities, sunken, low-lying, low (cf. dejectus, P. a., no. I.):

campestribus ac demissis locis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 72, 3; cf.:

loca demissa ac palustria,

id. B. C. 3, 49, 5.—

Of other things, drooping, falling, hanging down:

demissis umeris esse,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 22 Ruhnk.:

tremulus, labiis demissis,

with flabby lips, id. ib. 2, 3, 44:

demisso capite discedere,

Cic. Clu. 21, 58; cf.:

tristes, capite demisso,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32:

demisso vultu,

with downcast looks, Sall. C. 31, 7.— Poet. in Gr. constr.:

Dido vultum demissa,

Verg. A. 1, 561.—Also deep:

demissa vulnera,

Sen. Ep. 67 fin. —

Trop.

Downcast, dejected, dispirited, low (freq.):

erigebat animum jam demissum,

Cic. Clu. 21, 58:

esse fracto animo et demisso,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 16:

(homines) animo demisso atque humili,

id. Font. 11; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 21:

demisso animo fuit,

Sall. J. 98 al.:

demissa voce loqui,

Verg. A. 3, 320.—In the comp.:

nihilo demissiore animo causa ipse pro se dicta,

Liv. 4, 44.— Transf. to the person:

quis P. Sullam nisi moerentem, demissum afflictumque vidit?

Cic. Sull. 26 fin.:

videsne illum demissum?

id. Mur. 21, 45; Quint. 1, 3, 10 al.— Comp.:

orator in ornamentis et verborum et sententiarum demissior,

Cic. Or. 24, 81.—

Lowly, humble, unassuming, shy, retiring (opp. elatus, lofty, proud):

ea omnia, quae proborum, demissorum, non acrium sunt, valde benevolentiam conciliant,

Cic. de Or. 2, 43, 182; cf.:

multum demissus homo,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 57:

sit apud vos modestiae locus, sit demissis hominibus perfugium, sit auxilium pudori,

Cic. Mur. 40, 87.—

Rarely of external condition, humble, poor:

qui demissi in obscuro vitam habent (opp. qui magno imperio praediti in excelso aetatem habent),

Sall. C. 51, 12.—

Poet., and in Tacitus, of genealogical descent, descended, derived, sprung:

ab alto Demissum genus Aenea,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 63; so Verg. G. 3, 35: id. A. 1, 288; Stat. Th. 2, 613; Tac. A. 12, 58.— Sup. does not occur. — Adv.: dēmisse.

Lit., low:

hic alte, demissius ille volabat,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 23.—

Trop., humbly, modestly, abjectly, meanly:

non est ausus elate et ample loqui, cum humiliter demisseque sentiret,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 24:

suppliciter demisseque respondere,

id. Fl. 10, 21:

se tueri,

id. Att. 2, 18, 3.— Sup.: haec quam potest demississime atque subjectissime exponit, * Caes. B. C. 1, 84 fin.

fŭrĭa, ae, f., and, more commonly, plur.: fŭrĭae, ārum, f. [furo], violent passion, rage, madness, fury.

Appellatively (only poet. for furor or rabies):

unius ob noxam et furias Ajacis Oï_lei,

Verg. A. 1, 41:

ubi concepit furias,

i. e. became furious, id. ib. 4, 474:

tauri,

Mart. 2, 43, 5:

canum,

Grat. Cyneg. 392:

in furias agitantur equae,

i. e. furious, ardent desire, Ov. A. A. 2, 478; Verg. G. 3, 244; Prop. 4 (5), 4, 68:

auri,

the fierce greediness for gold, Sil. 2, 500:

ergo omnis furiis surrexit Etruria justis,

in just fury, just wrath, Verg. A. 8, 494:

honestae (Sagunti),

Stat. S. 4, 6, 84.—

Of things: tranare sonoras Torrentum furias,

the wild raging, roaring, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 45.—

As a nom. prop.: Fŭrĭae, the three goddesses of vengeance (Allecto, Megaera, and Tisiphone), the Furies (syn.: Dirae, Eumenides).

Prop.:

Furiae deae sunt speculatrices, credo, et vindices facinorum et scelerum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 46:

ut eos agitent insectenturque Furiae, non ardentibus taedis, sicut in fabulis sed angore conscientiae,

id. Leg. 1, 14, 40; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 24, 66 sq.; id. Pis. 20, 46; Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 47; Verg. A. 3, 331; Hor. S. 2, 3, 135; 1, 8, 45 al.—

Transf., in gen., avenging spirits, tormenting spirits.

Plur.:

itaque eos non ad perficiendum scelus sed ad luendas rei publicae poenas furiae quaedam incitaverunt,

Cic. Sull. 27, 76:

Furiae Catilinae,

id. Par. 4, 1, 27:

sceleratum vicum vocant, quo amens, agitantibus furiis sororis ac viri, Tullia per patris corpus carpentum egisse fertur,

Liv. 1, 48, 7; cf. id. 1, 59 fin.; 40, 10, 1:

his muliebribus instinctus furiis Tarquinius circumire et prensare patres, etc.,

urged on by this female tormenting spiril, this fury of a woman, id. 1, 47, 7.—

Sing., applied to persons who are furious or who are plotting mischief, a fury. —So of Clodius:

illa furia ac pestis patriae,

Cic. Sest. 14, 33;

of the same,

id. ib. 17, 39; cf.

also: illa furia muliebrium religionum, qui non pluris fecerat Bonam Deam quam tres sorores,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4; Hor. S. 2, 3, 141:

hunc juvenem (i. e. Hannibalem) tamquam furiam facemque hujus belli odi ac detestor,

Liv. 21, 10, 11.

fŭrĭa, ae, f., and, more commonly, plur.: fŭrĭae, ārum, f. [furo], violent passion, rage, madness, fury.

Appellatively (only poet. for furor or rabies):

unius ob noxam et furias Ajacis Oï_lei,

Verg. A. 1, 41:

ubi concepit furias,

i. e. became furious, id. ib. 4, 474:

tauri,

Mart. 2, 43, 5:

canum,

Grat. Cyneg. 392:

in furias agitantur equae,

i. e. furious, ardent desire, Ov. A. A. 2, 478; Verg. G. 3, 244; Prop. 4 (5), 4, 68:

auri,

the fierce greediness for gold, Sil. 2, 500:

ergo omnis furiis surrexit Etruria justis,

in just fury, just wrath, Verg. A. 8, 494:

honestae (Sagunti),

Stat. S. 4, 6, 84.—

Of things: tranare sonoras Torrentum furias,

the wild raging, roaring, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 45.—

As a nom. prop.: Fŭrĭae, the three goddesses of vengeance (Allecto, Megaera, and Tisiphone), the Furies (syn.: Dirae, Eumenides).

Prop.:

Furiae deae sunt speculatrices, credo, et vindices facinorum et scelerum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 46:

ut eos agitent insectenturque Furiae, non ardentibus taedis, sicut in fabulis sed angore conscientiae,

id. Leg. 1, 14, 40; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 24, 66 sq.; id. Pis. 20, 46; Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 47; Verg. A. 3, 331; Hor. S. 2, 3, 135; 1, 8, 45 al.—

Transf., in gen., avenging spirits, tormenting spirits.

Plur.:

itaque eos non ad perficiendum scelus sed ad luendas rei publicae poenas furiae quaedam incitaverunt,

Cic. Sull. 27, 76:

Furiae Catilinae,

id. Par. 4, 1, 27:

sceleratum vicum vocant, quo amens, agitantibus furiis sororis ac viri, Tullia per patris corpus carpentum egisse fertur,

Liv. 1, 48, 7; cf. id. 1, 59 fin.; 40, 10, 1:

his muliebribus instinctus furiis Tarquinius circumire et prensare patres, etc.,

urged on by this female tormenting spiril, this fury of a woman, id. 1, 47, 7.—

Sing., applied to persons who are furious or who are plotting mischief, a fury. —So of Clodius:

illa furia ac pestis patriae,

Cic. Sest. 14, 33;

of the same,

id. ib. 17, 39; cf.

also: illa furia muliebrium religionum, qui non pluris fecerat Bonam Deam quam tres sorores,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4; Hor. S. 2, 3, 141:

hunc juvenem (i. e. Hannibalem) tamquam furiam facemque hujus belli odi ac detestor,

Liv. 21, 10, 11.

fŭrĭa, ae, f., and, more commonly, plur.: fŭrĭae, ārum, f. [furo], violent passion, rage, madness, fury.

Appellatively (only poet. for furor or rabies):

unius ob noxam et furias Ajacis Oï_lei,

Verg. A. 1, 41:

ubi concepit furias,

i. e. became furious, id. ib. 4, 474:

tauri,

Mart. 2, 43, 5:

canum,

Grat. Cyneg. 392:

in furias agitantur equae,

i. e. furious, ardent desire, Ov. A. A. 2, 478; Verg. G. 3, 244; Prop. 4 (5), 4, 68:

auri,

the fierce greediness for gold, Sil. 2, 500:

ergo omnis furiis surrexit Etruria justis,

in just fury, just wrath, Verg. A. 8, 494:

honestae (Sagunti),

Stat. S. 4, 6, 84.—

Of things: tranare sonoras Torrentum furias,

the wild raging, roaring, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 45.—

As a nom. prop.: Fŭrĭae, the three goddesses of vengeance (Allecto, Megaera, and Tisiphone), the Furies (syn.: Dirae, Eumenides).

Prop.:

Furiae deae sunt speculatrices, credo, et vindices facinorum et scelerum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 46:

ut eos agitent insectenturque Furiae, non ardentibus taedis, sicut in fabulis sed angore conscientiae,

id. Leg. 1, 14, 40; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 24, 66 sq.; id. Pis. 20, 46; Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 47; Verg. A. 3, 331; Hor. S. 2, 3, 135; 1, 8, 45 al.—

Transf., in gen., avenging spirits, tormenting spirits.

Plur.:

itaque eos non ad perficiendum scelus sed ad luendas rei publicae poenas furiae quaedam incitaverunt,

Cic. Sull. 27, 76:

Furiae Catilinae,

id. Par. 4, 1, 27:

sceleratum vicum vocant, quo amens, agitantibus furiis sororis ac viri, Tullia per patris corpus carpentum egisse fertur,

Liv. 1, 48, 7; cf. id. 1, 59 fin.; 40, 10, 1:

his muliebribus instinctus furiis Tarquinius circumire et prensare patres, etc.,

urged on by this female tormenting spiril, this fury of a woman, id. 1, 47, 7.—

Sing., applied to persons who are furious or who are plotting mischief, a fury. —So of Clodius:

illa furia ac pestis patriae,

Cic. Sest. 14, 33;

of the same,

id. ib. 17, 39; cf.

also: illa furia muliebrium religionum, qui non pluris fecerat Bonam Deam quam tres sorores,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4; Hor. S. 2, 3, 141:

hunc juvenem (i. e. Hannibalem) tamquam furiam facemque hujus belli odi ac detestor,

Liv. 21, 10, 11.

imber, bris (abl. imbri, Cic. Att. 7, 20, 1; Verg. E. 7, 60; id. A. 4, 249; Hor. S. 1, 5, 95; Lucr. 1, 715 et saep.;

more freq. imbre,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 62; Cic. de Sen. 10, 34; Liv. 21, 58, 6; Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 11; Ov. Am. 3, 6. 68; id. M. 13, 889; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 239 sq.), m. [kindr. to Sanscr. abhra, a cloud; cf. Lat. umbra; Gr. ombros], rain, heavy or violent rain, a rain-storm, shower of rain, pelting or pouring rain (cf.: pluvia, nimbus).

Lit. (class.):

imbres fluctusque atque procellae infensae,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 17:

venit imber, lavit parietes,

id. Most. 1, 2, 30:

erat hiems summa, tempestas perfrigida, imber maximus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:

ita magnos et assiduos imbres habebamus,

id. Att. 13, 16, 1; Lucr. 6, 107:

maximo imbri Capuam veni,

Cic. Att. 7, 20, 1:

in imbri, in frigore,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 87:

iter factum corruptius imbri,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 95; so,

imbre lutoque Aspersus,

id. Ep. 1, 11, 11:

quae opera per imbrem fieri potuerint,

Cato, R. R. 2, 3: lapideus aut sanguineus imber, Civ. Div. 2, 28, 60; cf.:

quid cum saepe lapidum, sanguinis nonnumquam, terrae interdum, quondam etiam lactis imber defluxit?

id. ib. 1, 43, 98:

imbri lapidavit,

Liv. 43, 13:

tamquam lapides effuderit imber,

Juv. 13, 67.—

Prov.

Imbrem in cribrum gerere, i. e. to attempt an impossibility, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 100.—

Tam hoc tibi in proclivi est quam imber est quando pluit, i. e. exceedingly easy, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 86.—

Transf., in gen.

A rain-cloud, stormcloud:

caeruleus supra caput astitit imber,

Verg. A. 3, 194; 5, 10:

grandinis imbres,

hail-storms, Lucr. 6, 107.—

Rain-water:

piscinae cisternaeque servandis imbribus,

Tac. H. 5, 12.—

Water or liquid in gen. ( poet.): cui par imber et ignis, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 37 Müll. (Ann. v. 511 Vahl.);

so of water as an element: ex igni, terra atque anima procrescere et imbri,

Lucr. 1, 715:

ut ferrum Stridit, ubi in gelidum propere demersimus imbrem,

id. 6, 149:

calidi,

Ov. Am. 2, 15, 23: ratibusque fremebat Imber Neptuni, i. e. the sea, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 11, 299 (Ann. v. 490 Vahl.); so of the sea, Verg. A. 1, 123; Ov. H. 18, 104; Val. Fl. 4, 665:

amicos irriget imbres,

Verg. G. 4, 115:

imbre per indignas usque cadente genas,

a shower of tears, Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 18:

sanguineus,

stream of blood, Stat. Th. 1, 437; cf.:

cruentus,

Luc. 6, 224:

nectaris,

Claud. Nupt. Hon. 101.—

Like the Engl. word shower, of things that fall like rain:

ferreus ingruit imber,

Verg. A. 12, 284; cf.:

quo pacto Danaae misisse aiunt quondam in gremium imbrem aureum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 37.

nātūrālis, e, adj. [natura], natural, i. e.,

By birth, one's own:

naturalis pater, opp. to adoptive father,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 15:

in adoptionem dato redire in familiam liceat, si pater naturalis sine liberis decesserit,

Quint. 3, 6, 96: filius ( = kata phusin uios), Liv. 42, 52:

Pauli nepos,

id. 44, 44; Suet. Tib. 52; Gai. Inst. 2, 137; 3, 31:

qui in avi sui naturalis potestate est,

Dig. 37, 8, 1, § 2; also, natural, illegitimate ( = nothus), Dig. 40, 5, 40; 36, 1, 80, § 2; Aug. Conf. 6, 12; Inscr. Grut. 945, 3.—

Of or belonging to the nature of things, produced by or agreeable to nature, natural:

naturale est alicui,

it is natural to one, it is his innate quality, Plin. 11, 37. 54, §

144: historia, id. praef. § 1: motus naturalis,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19:

societas,

id. Off. 1, 16, 50:

lex,

id. N. D. 1, 14, 36:

notio naturalis atque insita in animis nostris,

id. Fin. 1, 9, 31:

naturalis, non fucatus nitor,

id. Brut. 9, 36:

bonum,

id. Cael. 5, 11: dies, a natural day, i. e. from sunrise to sunset, opp. to the dies civilis, Censor. de Die Nat. 23;

v. civilis: mors,

a natural, not a violent death, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 180 (for the class. mors necessaria, Cic. Mil. 7, 16):

naturales exitus,

the anus, Col. 6, 30, 8:

naturalia desideria,

the serual impulse, id. 6, 24, 2; 6, 27, 7: loca naturalia, the sexual parts of men and animals, Cels. 1, p. 11 Milligan.—As subst.: nātūrāle, is, n., the private parts:

sanguinis pars per naturale descendit,

Cels. 5, 26, 13; 7, 26, 1 al.—More freq. plur., nātūrālĭa, ĭum, n., in same sense, Cels. 4, 21 init.; 5, 20, 4; 6, 18, 2 al.; Col. 6, 27, 10; Just. 1, 4, 2.—

Of or concerning nature, natural:

naturales quaestiones,

Cic. Part. 18, 64:

historia, Plin. H. N. praef. § 1: philosophia,

Isid. Orig. 2, 24, 12.—

Opp. to fictitious, natural, real:

philosophi duos Joves fecerunt, unum naturalem, alterum fabulosum,

Lact. 1, 11. —Hence, adv.: nātūrālĭter, naturally, conformably to nature, by nature:

nec vero umquam animus hominis naturaliter divinat,

Cic. Div. 1, 50, 113:

alacritas naturaliter innata,

Caes. B. C. 3, 92:

inter naturaliter dissimillimos,

Vell. 2, 60, 5; Plin. 11, 37, 47, § 130:

profluere (urinam),

Cels. 7, 26, 1; Hirt. B. Alex. 8:

est aliquid in omni materiā naturaliter primum,

Quint. 3, 8, 6.

nātūrālis, e, adj. [natura], natural, i. e.,

By birth, one's own:

naturalis pater, opp. to adoptive father,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 15:

in adoptionem dato redire in familiam liceat, si pater naturalis sine liberis decesserit,

Quint. 3, 6, 96: filius ( = kata phusin uios), Liv. 42, 52:

Pauli nepos,

id. 44, 44; Suet. Tib. 52; Gai. Inst. 2, 137; 3, 31:

qui in avi sui naturalis potestate est,

Dig. 37, 8, 1, § 2; also, natural, illegitimate ( = nothus), Dig. 40, 5, 40; 36, 1, 80, § 2; Aug. Conf. 6, 12; Inscr. Grut. 945, 3.—

Of or belonging to the nature of things, produced by or agreeable to nature, natural:

naturale est alicui,

it is natural to one, it is his innate quality, Plin. 11, 37. 54, §

144: historia, id. praef. § 1: motus naturalis,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19:

societas,

id. Off. 1, 16, 50:

lex,

id. N. D. 1, 14, 36:

notio naturalis atque insita in animis nostris,

id. Fin. 1, 9, 31:

naturalis, non fucatus nitor,

id. Brut. 9, 36:

bonum,

id. Cael. 5, 11: dies, a natural day, i. e. from sunrise to sunset, opp. to the dies civilis, Censor. de Die Nat. 23;

v. civilis: mors,

a natural, not a violent death, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 180 (for the class. mors necessaria, Cic. Mil. 7, 16):

naturales exitus,

the anus, Col. 6, 30, 8:

naturalia desideria,

the serual impulse, id. 6, 24, 2; 6, 27, 7: loca naturalia, the sexual parts of men and animals, Cels. 1, p. 11 Milligan.—As subst.: nātūrāle, is, n., the private parts:

sanguinis pars per naturale descendit,

Cels. 5, 26, 13; 7, 26, 1 al.—More freq. plur., nātūrālĭa, ĭum, n., in same sense, Cels. 4, 21 init.; 5, 20, 4; 6, 18, 2 al.; Col. 6, 27, 10; Just. 1, 4, 2.—

Of or concerning nature, natural:

naturales quaestiones,

Cic. Part. 18, 64:

historia, Plin. H. N. praef. § 1: philosophia,

Isid. Orig. 2, 24, 12.—

Opp. to fictitious, natural, real:

philosophi duos Joves fecerunt, unum naturalem, alterum fabulosum,

Lact. 1, 11. —Hence, adv.: nātūrālĭter, naturally, conformably to nature, by nature:

nec vero umquam animus hominis naturaliter divinat,

Cic. Div. 1, 50, 113:

alacritas naturaliter innata,

Caes. B. C. 3, 92:

inter naturaliter dissimillimos,

Vell. 2, 60, 5; Plin. 11, 37, 47, § 130:

profluere (urinam),

Cels. 7, 26, 1; Hirt. B. Alex. 8:

est aliquid in omni materiā naturaliter primum,

Quint. 3, 8, 6.

nātūrālis, e, adj. [natura], natural, i. e.,

By birth, one's own:

naturalis pater, opp. to adoptive father,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 15:

in adoptionem dato redire in familiam liceat, si pater naturalis sine liberis decesserit,

Quint. 3, 6, 96: filius ( = kata phusin uios), Liv. 42, 52:

Pauli nepos,

id. 44, 44; Suet. Tib. 52; Gai. Inst. 2, 137; 3, 31:

qui in avi sui naturalis potestate est,

Dig. 37, 8, 1, § 2; also, natural, illegitimate ( = nothus), Dig. 40, 5, 40; 36, 1, 80, § 2; Aug. Conf. 6, 12; Inscr. Grut. 945, 3.—

Of or belonging to the nature of things, produced by or agreeable to nature, natural:

naturale est alicui,

it is natural to one, it is his innate quality, Plin. 11, 37. 54, §

144: historia, id. praef. § 1: motus naturalis,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19:

societas,

id. Off. 1, 16, 50:

lex,

id. N. D. 1, 14, 36:

notio naturalis atque insita in animis nostris,

id. Fin. 1, 9, 31:

naturalis, non fucatus nitor,

id. Brut. 9, 36:

bonum,

id. Cael. 5, 11: dies, a natural day, i. e. from sunrise to sunset, opp. to the dies civilis, Censor. de Die Nat. 23;

v. civilis: mors,

a natural, not a violent death, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 180 (for the class. mors necessaria, Cic. Mil. 7, 16):

naturales exitus,

the anus, Col. 6, 30, 8:

naturalia desideria,

the serual impulse, id. 6, 24, 2; 6, 27, 7: loca naturalia, the sexual parts of men and animals, Cels. 1, p. 11 Milligan.—As subst.: nātūrāle, is, n., the private parts:

sanguinis pars per naturale descendit,

Cels. 5, 26, 13; 7, 26, 1 al.—More freq. plur., nātūrālĭa, ĭum, n., in same sense, Cels. 4, 21 init.; 5, 20, 4; 6, 18, 2 al.; Col. 6, 27, 10; Just. 1, 4, 2.—

Of or concerning nature, natural:

naturales quaestiones,

Cic. Part. 18, 64:

historia, Plin. H. N. praef. § 1: philosophia,

Isid. Orig. 2, 24, 12.—

Opp. to fictitious, natural, real:

philosophi duos Joves fecerunt, unum naturalem, alterum fabulosum,

Lact. 1, 11. —Hence, adv.: nātūrālĭter, naturally, conformably to nature, by nature:

nec vero umquam animus hominis naturaliter divinat,

Cic. Div. 1, 50, 113:

alacritas naturaliter innata,

Caes. B. C. 3, 92:

inter naturaliter dissimillimos,

Vell. 2, 60, 5; Plin. 11, 37, 47, § 130:

profluere (urinam),

Cels. 7, 26, 1; Hirt. B. Alex. 8:

est aliquid in omni materiā naturaliter primum,

Quint. 3, 8, 6.

raptus, a, um, Part., from rapio.

raptus, ūs, m. [rapio], a carrying off by force.

In gen. (very rare):

Inoo lacerata est altera raptu,

violent rending, Ov. M. 3, 722:

runcinarum,

Plin. 16, 42, 82, § 225:

lenes cucurbitarum,

Cael. Aur. Acut. 1, 11.—Esp. a jerking, cramp in the limbs (med. t. t.):

raptus omnium membrorum ex cerebri membranis,

Cael. Aur. Acut. 1, 1, 8; cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 37, = Gr. spasmos, id. ib. 2, 10, 74.— More freq.,

In partic., a carrying off, robbing, plundering:

ad praedam et raptus congregare,

Tac. A. 2, 52; cf. id. H. 1, 46; 83; id. G. 35:

raptus exercere,

id. A. 15, 38 fin. —

Esp. of persons, an abduction, rape:

quis de Ganymedi raptu dubitat?

Cic. Tusc. 4, 33, 71:

virginis (Proserpinae),

id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; Suet. Ner. 46; Ov. F. 4, 417.— Absol., Tac. A. 6, 1; id. H. 2, 73 fin.; claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 12.

vĕhĕmens ( veemens, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120 K. and H.; more freq. vēmens, Ter. And. 1, 1, 123; Cat. 50, 21; and Lucr. always, Lachm., Munro), entis, adj. [perh. Sanscr. vahis, out of, and mens; cf. vē-], very eager, violent, furious, impetuous, ardent, vehement, etc. (syn. violentus).

Lit.:

vehemens in utramque partem, Menedeme, es nimis, Aut largitate nimiā aut parsimoniā,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 31:

Galba non in agendo solum, sed etiam in meditando vehemens atque incensus,

Cic. Brut. 22, 88: in alios, id. Sull. 31, 87:

vehemens feroxque naturā,

id. Vatin. 2, 4;

with severus (opp. lenissimus),

id. Cat. 4, 6, 12;

with inexorabilis,

id. Sull. 31, 87;

with dissolutus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 40, § 104;

with acer,

id. Caecin. 10, 28;

with fortis,

id. Off. 1, 28, 100:

vehemens lupus et sibi et hosti Iratus pariter,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 28:

canis,

Phaedr. 2, 3, 1.—Of abstract things:

acer et vehemens incitatio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 43, 183:

genus orationis vehemens atque atrox,

id. ib. 2, 49, 200:

vehemens et pugnax exordium dicendi,

id. ib. 2, 78, 317:

vehemens et aspera quaestio,

Quint. 5, 10, 113:

vehemens et grave senatusconsultum,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3. —

Transf., in gen., active, forcible, vigorous, powerful, mighty, strong:

satis vemens causa ad objurgandum,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 123:

Arcturus signum sum omnium acerrimum: Vehemens sum exoriens: quom occido vehementior,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 71:

imber,

Lucr. 6, 517:

vehementior cursus fluminum,

Quint. 9, 4, 7:

vehementissimus cursus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 15:

fuga,

id. ib. 8, 48:

ictus,

Lucr. 6, 311:

pilum... vehementius ictu missuque telum,

Liv. 9, 19, 7:

impetus,

Amm. 19, 11, 15:

brassica... tenui suco vehementissima,

very powerful, very efficacious, Cato, R. R. 157, 2:

medicamentum efficacius et vehementius,

Scrib. Comp. 70:

vitis vehementioribus statuminibus impedanda est,

stronger, Col. 4, 16, 2:

vitis vehemens multaque materia frondens,

vigorous, id. 3, 1, 5:

palus,

thick, stout, id. 4, 12, 1:

violentia vini,

Lucr. 3, 482:

vis frigorum aut calorum,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 235; cf.:

vis in oratione vehementissima,

Quint. 9, 4, 13:

vehementior lethargus,

Plin. 20, 22, 87, § 238:

dolor capitis,

id. 24, 9, 38, § 62:

usus strigilis,

Suet. Aug. 80:

argumentum vehementius,

Quint. 7, 6, 7:

conviva salibus vehemens intra pomoeria natis,

Juv. 9, 11.