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1 dyra
dyra; dyr'a Grammatical information: f. ā; f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `hole'Page in Trubačev: V 205Russian:dyrá `hole, gap' [f ā]Old Russian:Polabian:dară `hole, prison' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: dr(H)-Comments: In the ESSJa, it is argued that Ru. dyrá, which occurs alongside dirá (-> * dira), results from secondary ablaut (starting from * dъr- instead of of * dьr- `tear'. The same is suggested for -> * dura. It seems to me that such a scenario requires that there existed a formally and semantically similar root. In this particular case the root of Lith. dùrti `stab, push' has often been mentioned, but more often than not (e.g. Vasmer s.v. dyrá, Fraenkel LEW: 113, Sɫawski SEJP I: 208) the latter root is considered etymologically identical. This implies that already in Balto-Slavic both * dir- and * dur- functioned as the zero grade of * der- `tear'. Here I would like to adopt a more agnostic attitude, i.e. I prefer to separate forms belonging to the "u" ablaut series provisionally from * der- `tear'. Note that Baltic * duris firmly acute, while in the case of the verb `to tear' there are many indications for an old circumflex. -
2 dyr'a
dyra; dyr'a Grammatical information: f. ā; f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `hole'Page in Trubačev: V 205Russian:dyrá `hole, gap' [f ā]Old Russian:Polabian:dară `hole, prison' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: dr(H)-Comments: In the ESSJa, it is argued that Ru. dyrá, which occurs alongside dirá (-> * dira), results from secondary ablaut (starting from * dъr- instead of of * dьr- `tear'. The same is suggested for -> * dura. It seems to me that such a scenario requires that there existed a formally and semantically similar root. In this particular case the root of Lith. dùrti `stab, push' has often been mentioned, but more often than not (e.g. Vasmer s.v. dyrá, Fraenkel LEW: 113, Sɫawski SEJP I: 208) the latter root is considered etymologically identical. This implies that already in Balto-Slavic both * dir- and * dur- functioned as the zero grade of * der- `tear'. Here I would like to adopt a more agnostic attitude, i.e. I prefer to separate forms belonging to the "u" ablaut series provisionally from * der- `tear'. Note that Baltic * duris firmly acute, while in the case of the verb `to tear' there are many indications for an old circumflex. -
3 medojědъ
medojědъ Grammatical information: adj. oPage in Trubačev: XVIII 55Russian:medoéd (dial.) `honey-lover' [m o]Czech:Serbo-Croatian:mȅdojēd (dial.) `death's head moth' [m o]Slovene:medojẹ̀d `honey-eater, honey-lover' [m o], medojẹ́da [Gens]Page in Pokorny: 288, 707Comments: For morphological as well as semantic reasons the noun *medojedъ must be a more recent formation than *medvědь.Other cognates:Skt. madh(u)vád- `honey-eater'Notes:\{1\} The Psalter of Dimitri belongs to the corpus which was discovered at St. Catherine's monastery in 1975. Strictly speaking it might be classified as a Middle Bulgarian text (Birnbaum and Schaeken 1997: 143). \{2\} The attestations occur in a Croatian MS. from the 14th century and a Serbian MS. from the 15th century, respectively. \{3\} In West Slavic, we find secondary forms with n-, e.g. (O)Pl. niedźwiedź, OCz. nedvěd. -
4 mъldni
mъldni Grammatical information: f. ī Proto-Slavic meaning: `lightning'Page in Trubačev: XX 220-222Old Church Slavic:Russian:mólnija `lightning' [f jā];molón'ja (dial.) `lightning' [f iā];molodnjá (dial.) `lightning' [f jā];meleńjá (dial.) `lightning' [f jā]Ukrainian:maladnjá (dial.) `lightning without thunder' [f jā]Czech:Polish:Slovincian:mou̯ɫnȧ́u̯ `lightning' [f jā]Polabian:mḁuńa `lightning' [f jā]Serbo-Croatian:múnja `lightning' [f jā]Slovene:móɫnja `lightning' [f jā]Bulgarian:mắlnija `lightning' [f iā]Latvian:Old Prussian:mealde `lightning'Indo-European reconstruction: mldʰ-n-Other cognates:OIc. mjǫllnir `Thor's hammer'Notes: -
5 mьstь
mьstь; mьsta Grammatical information: f. i; f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `vengeance, revenge'Page in Trubačev: XXI 172-174Old Church Slavic:Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Bulgarian:măst `vengeance, revenge' [f i]Page in Pokorny: 715Comments: I consider a reconstruction * mith₂-ti- more likely than the assumption that * mьstь has the same origin as -> * mьzda.Other cognates: -
6 mьsta
mьstь; mьsta Grammatical information: f. i; f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `vengeance, revenge'Page in Trubačev: XXI 172-174Old Church Slavic:Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Bulgarian:măst `vengeance, revenge' [f i]Page in Pokorny: 715Comments: I consider a reconstruction * mith₂-ti- more likely than the assumption that * mьstь has the same origin as -> * mьzda.Other cognates: -
7 ȍlovo
ȍlovo Grammatical information: n. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `lead'Page in Trubačev: XXXII 76-77Old Church Slavic:ólovo (Supr.) `lead' [n o]Russian:ólovo `tin' [n o]Old Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:oɫów `lead' [m jo];oɫów (obs.) `lead' [m o];Serbo-Croatian:ȍlovo lead' [n o];Čak. ȍlovo (Vrgada) lead' [n o]Slovene:olǫ́v `lead' [m o]Bulgarian:élavo (dial.) `lead' [n o] \{1\}Lithuanian:álvas (DK, Bretk.) `tin' [m o] \{2\}Latvian:al̂va `tin' [f ā];al̂vas `tin' [m o]Old Prussian:alwis (EV) `lead'IE meaning: tin, leadCertainty: -Page in Pokorny: -Comments: Pokorny derives the Balto-Slavic word for `tin, lead' from *al(ǝ)- `white'. This more or less presupposes that the original meaning was `tin' (plumbum album) rather than `lead' (plumbum nigrum). In view of both the formal problems and the sphere to which this word belong it seems preferable to regard it as a borrowing from an unknown language.Notes:\{1\} Forms with *(j)e- are limited to Bulgarian, e.g. MBulg. jelovo, Bulg. (dial.) élavo. In Russian dialects, we find a form lov' (Voronež), which may reflect *olvь. The fact that we do not have *lavь < *olHvi-, as we might have expected on the basis of the Baltic forms, can be explained by assuming that the laryngeal was eliminated according to Meillet's law before the metathesis of liquids. \{2\} It's unclear to me on what grounds the LKŽ assigns AP 1 to this word. To my knowledge, the only accented form is áɫwu Isg. (DK), which points to AP 1 or 3. The Modern Lithuanian form ãlavas is a borrowing from Slavic.
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