meaning

• One occupying the place (used as an English noun meaning 'deputy')

• Not many, but much. (Meaning, not quantity but quality) (Plinius)

opinion, thought, way of thinking, meaning, purpose.

last will, testament / meaning, sense.

wish, will, inclination / good will.

ab-sum, āfui (better than abfui), āfŭtārus (aforem, afore), v. n., in its most general signif., to be away from, be absent.

In gen.

Absol. without designating the distance (opp. adsum):

num ab domo absum?

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 16:

me absente atque insciente,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 130:

domini ubi absunt,

are not at home, not present, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 53: facile aerumnam ferre possum, si inde abest injuria, Caecil. ap. Non. 430, 18.—

With reference to the distance in space or time; which is expressed either by a definite number, or, in gen., by the advs. multum, paulum (not parum, v. below) longe, etc.:

edixit, ut ab urbe abesset milia pass. ducenta,

Cic. Sest. 12, 29:

castra, quae aberant bidui,

id. Att. 5, 16:

hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43:

haud longe abesse oportet,

he ought not to be far hence, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 166:

legiones magnum spatium aberant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 17:

menses tres abest,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 66:

haud permultum a me aberit infortunium,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 1; Cic. Fam. 2, 7.—With the simple abl. for ab:

paulumque cum ejus villa abessemus,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1 Görenz; but, ab ejus villa, B. and K.; cf.:

nuptā abesse tuā,

Ov. R. Am. 774.— With inter:

nec longis inter se passibus absunt,

Verg. A. 11, 907.—With prope, propius, proxime, to denote a short distance:

nunc nobis prope abest exitium,

is not far from, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 8;

so with est: prope est a te Deus, tecum est,

Sen. Ep. 41:

loca, quae a Brundisio propius absunt, quam tu, biduum,

Cic. Att. 8, 14:

quoniam abes propius,

since you are nearer, id. ib. 1, 1:

existat aliquid, quod... absit longissime a vero,

id. Ac. 2, 11, 36; so id. Deiot. 13; Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16 al.—Hence the phrase: tantum abest, ut—ut, so far from — that, etc. (Zumpt, §

779), the origin of which is evident from the following examples from Cic. (the first two of which have been unjustly assailed): id tantum abest ab officio, ut nihil magis officio possit esse contrarium, Off. 1, 14 (with which comp. the person. expression: equidem tantum absum ab ista sententia, ut non modo non arbitrer... sed, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 60, 255):

tantum abest ab eo, ut malum mors sit, ut verear, ne, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76: ego vero istos tantum abest ut ornem, ut effici non possit, quin eos oderim, so far am I from — that, id. Phil. 11, 14; sometimes etiam or quoque is added to the second clause, Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 15, 2; Suet. Tib. 50; more rarely contra, Liv. 6, 31, 4. Sometimes the second ut is left out:

tantum afuit, ut inflammares nostros animos: somnum isto loco vix tenebamus,

Cic. Brut. 80, 278; on the contrary, once in Cic. with a third ut: tantum abest ut nostra miremur, ut usque eo difficiles ac morosi simus, ut nobis non satisfaciat ipse Demosthenes, Or. 29, 104.

Hence,

To be away from any thing unpleasant, to be freed or free from:

a multis et magnis molestiis abes,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3:

a culpa,

id. Rosc. Am. 20: a reprehensione temeritatis, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23.

To be removed from a thing by will, inclination, etc.; to be disinclined to (syn. abhorreo)' a consilio fugiendi, Cic. Att. 7, 24:

ab istis studiis,

id. Planc. 25:

ceteri a periculis aberant,

kept aloof from, avoided, Sall. C. 6, 3. toto aberant bello, Caes. B. G. 7, 63.

To be removed from a thing in regard to condition or quality, i. e. to be different from, to differ = abhorrere abest a tua virtute et fide, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2: istae kolakeiai non longe absunt a scelere, id. Att. 13, 30:

haec non absunt a consuetudine somniorum,

id. Divin. 1, 21, [p. 13] 42.—Since improvement, as well as deterioration, may constitute the ground of difference, so absum may, according to its connection, designate the one or the other:

nullā re longius absumus a naturā ferarum,

in nothing are we more elevated above the nature of the brute, Cic. Off. 1, 16, 50;

so also the much-contested passage,

Cic. Planc. 7, 17: longissime Plancius a te afuit, i. e. valde, plurimis suffragiis, te vicit, was far from you in the number of votes, i. e. had the majority; v. Wunder ad Planc. proleg. p. 83 sq.; on the other hand, to be less, inferior: longe te a pulchris abesse sensisti, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 339, 23:

multum ab eis aberat L. Fufius,

id. Brut. 62, 222; so Hor. A. P. 370.

Not to be suitable, proper, or fit for a thing:

quae absunt ab forensi contentione,

Cic. Or. 11, 37:

ab principis personā,

Nep. Ep. 1, 2.

To be wanting, = desum, Pac. ap. Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31 (Trag. Rel. p. 122 Rib.):

unum a praeturā tuā abest,

one thing is wanting to your praetorship, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 25: quaeris id quod habes;

quod abest non quaeris,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 16; cf. Lucr. 3, 970 and 1095.—After Cicero, constr. in this signif. with dat.:

quid huic abesse poterit de maximarum rerum scientiā?

Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 48:

abest enim historia litteris nostris,

history is yet wanting to our literature, id. Leg. 2, 5.—So esp. in the poets:

donec virenti canities abest morosa,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 17; 3, 24, 64; Ov. M. 14, 371.—Hence the phrase non multum (neque multum), paulum, non (haud) procul, minimum, nihil abest, quin. not much, little, nothing is wanting that (Zumpt, Gr. § 540); but not parum, since parum in good classical authors does not correspond in meaning with non multum, but with non satis (v. parum):

neque multum abesse ab eo, quin, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 2, 2; and absol.:

neque multum afuit quin,

id. B. C. 2, 35, 4:

paulumque afuit quin, ib. § 2: legatos nostros haud procul afuit quin violarent,

Liv. 5, 4 fin.:

minimum afuit quin periret,

was within a little of, Suet. Aug. 14:

nihil afore credunt quin,

Verg. A. 8, 147 al.

Abesse alicui or ab aliquo, to be wanting to any one, to be of no assistance or service to (opp. adsum):

ut mirari Torquatus desinat, me, qui Antonio afuerim, Sullam defendere,

Cic. Sull. 5: facile etiam absentibus nobis ( without our aid) veritas se ipsa defendet, id. Ac. 2, 11, 36:

longe iis fraternum nomen populi Romani afuturum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36. So also Cic. Planc. 5, 13: et quo plus intererat, eo plus aberas a me, the more I needed your assistance, the more you neglected me, v. Wunder ad h. l.; cf. also Sall. C. 20 fin.

Cicero uses abesse to designate his banishment from Rome (which he would never acknowledge as such):

qui nullā lege abessem,

Cic. Sest. 34, 37; cf.: discessus. —Hence, absens, entis ( gen. plur. regul. absentium;

absentum,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 5), P. a., absent (opp. praesens).

In gen.:

vos et praesentem me curā levatis et absenti magna solatia dedistis,

Cic. Brut. 3, 11; so id. Off. 3, 33, 121; id. Verr. 2, 2, 17:

quocirca (amici) et absentes adsunt et egentes abundant,

id. Lael. 7, 23:

ut loquerer tecum absens, cum coram id non licet,

id. Att. 7, 15:

me absente,

id. Dom. 3; id. Cael. 50:

illo absente,

id. Tull. 17; id. Verr. 2, 60:

absente accusatore,

id. ib. 2, 99 al.— Sup.:

mente absentissimus,

Aug. Conf. 4, 4.—Of things (not thus in Cic.):

Romae rus optas, absentem rusticus urbem tollis ad astra,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 28; so,

Rhodus,

id. Ep. 1, 11, 21:

rogus,

Mart. 9, 77, 8:

venti,

Stat. Th. 5, 87:

imagines rerum absentium,

Quint. 6, 2, 29:

versus,

Gell. 20, 10.—

In partic.

In conversat. lang.

Praesens absens, in one's presence or absence:

postulo ut mihi tua domus te praesente absente pateat,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 29.—

Absente nobis turbatumst, in our absence (so also:

praesente nobis, v. praesens),

Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7; Afran. ap. Non. 76, 19 (Com. Rel. p. 165 Rib.).—

In polit. lang., not appearing in public canvassings as a competitor:

deligere (Scipio) iterum consul absens,

Cic. Rep. 6, 11; so Liv. 4, 42, 1; 10, 22, 9.—

= mortuus, deceased, Plaut. Cas. prol. 20; Vitr. 7, praef. § 8.—

Ellipt.: absens in Lucanis, absent in Lucania, i. e. absent and in Lucania, Nep. Hann. 5, 3; so id. Att. 8, 6.

ac-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. n. ( perf. sync., accēstis, Verg. A. 1, 201), to go or come to or near, to approach (class.).

Lit.

In gen., constr. with ad, in, the local adverbs, the acc., dat., infin., or absol.

With ad:

accedam ad hominem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 14; so,

ad aedīs,

id. Amph. 1, 1, 108:

ad flammam,

Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 103:

omnīs ad aras,

to beset every altar, Lucr. 5, 1199:

ad oppidum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

ad ludos,

Cic. Pis. 27, 65:

ad Caesarem supplex,

id. Fam. 4, 4, 3: ad manum, to come to their hands (of fishes), id. Att. 2, 1, 7:

ad Aquinum,

id. Phil. 2, 41, 106; so,

ad Heracleam,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129.— Impers.:

ad eas (oleas) cum accederetur,

Cic. Caecin. 8, 22.—

With in:

ne in aedīs accederes,

Cic. Caecin. 13, 36:

in senatum,

id. Att. 7, 4, 1:

in Macedoniam,

id. Phil. 10, 6:

in funus aliorum,

to join a funeral procession, id. Leg. 2, 26, 66 al. —

With local adv.:

eodem pacto, quo huc accessi, abscessero,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 84:

illo,

Cic. Caecin. 16, 46:

quo,

Sall. J. 14, 17.—

With acc. (so, except the names of localities, only in poets and historians, but not in Caesar and Livy):

juvat integros accedere fontīs atque haurire,

Lucr. 1, 927, and 4, 2:

Scyllaeam rabiem scopulosque,

Verg. A. 1, 201:

Sicanios portus,

Sil. 14, 3; cf. id. 6, 604:

Africam,

Nep. Hann. 8:

aliquem,

Sall. J. 18, 9; 62, 1; Tac. H. 3, 24:

classis Ostia cum magno commeatu accessit,

Liv. 22, 37, 1:

Carthaginem,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 3.—

With dat. ( poet.):

delubris,

Ov. M. 15, 745:

silvis,

id. ib. 5, 674: caelo (i. e. to become a god), id. ib. 15, 818, and 870.—

With inf.:

dum constanter accedo decerpere (rosas),

App. M. 4, p. 143 med. —

Absol.:

accedam atque hanc appellabo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 17:

deici nullo modo potuisse qui non accesserit,

Cic. Caecin. 13, 36:

accessit propius,

ib. 8, 22:

quoties voluit blandis accedere dictis,

Ov. M. 3, 375 al. — Impers.: non potis accedi, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38 (Trag. v. 17 ed. Vahl.):

quod eā proxime accedi poterat,

Cic. Caecin. 8, 21.

In partic.

To approach a thing in a hostilemanner (like aggredior, adorior), to attack:

acie instructa usque ad castra hostium accessit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 51:

sese propediem cum magno exercitu ad urbem accessurum,

Sall. C. 32 fin.:

ad manum,

to fight hand to hand, to engage in close combat, Nep. Eum. 5, 2; Liv. 2, 30, 12:

ad corpus alicujus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2: Atque accedit muros Romana juventus, Enn. ap. Gell. 10, 29 (Ann. v. 527 ed. Vahl.): hostīs accedere ventis navibus velivolis, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 5 (Ann. v. 380 ib.);

and, in malam part.,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 22.—

Mercant. t. t.:

accedere ad hastam,

to attend an auction, Nep. Att. 6, 3; Liv. 43, 16, 2.—

In late Lat.: ad manus (different from ad manum, B. 1), to be admitted to kiss hands, Capit. Maxim. 5.

Fig.

In gen., to come near to, to approach:

haud invito ad aurīs sermo mi accessit,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 32; so,

clemens quidam sonus aurīs ejus accedit,

App. M. 5, p. 160:

si somnus non accessit,

Cels. 3, 18; cf.:

febris accedit,

id. 3, 3 sq.:

ubi accedent anni,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 85; cf.:

accedente senectā,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 211.

In partic.

To come to or upon one, to happen to, to befall (a meaning in which it approaches so near to accĭdo that in many passages it has been proposed to change it to the latter; cf. Ruhnk. Rut. Lup. 1, p. 3; 2, p. 96; Dictat. in Ter. p. 222 and 225); constr. with ad or (more usually) with dat.:

voluntas vostra si ad poëtam accesserit,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 29:

num tibi stultitia accessit?

have you become a fool? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 77:

paulum vobis accessit pecuniae,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 56:

dolor accessit bonis viris, virtus non est imminuta,

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9:

quo plus sibi aetatis accederet,

id. de Or. 1, 60, 254 al.

With the accessory idea of increase, to be added = addi; constr. with ad or dat.: primum facie (i. e. faciei) quod honestas accedit, Lucil. ap. Gell. 1, 14; so ap. Non. 35, 20:

ad virtutis summam accedere nihil potest,

Cic. Fin. 4, 24:

Cassio animus accessit,

id. Att. 5, 20; 7, 3; id. Clu. 60 al.:

pretium agris,

the price increases, advances, Plin. Ep. 6, 19, 1.— Absol.:

plura accedere debent,

Lucr. 2, 1129:

accedit mors,

Cic. Fin. 1, 18, 60; id. de Or. 2, 17, 73:

quae jacerent in tenebris omnia, nisi litterarum lumen accederet,

id. Arch. 6, 14 (so, not accenderet, is to be read).—If a new thought is to be added, it is expressed by accedit with quod ( add to this, that, etc.) when it implies a logical reason, but with ut ( beside this, it happens that, or it occurs that) when it implies an historical fact (cf. Zumpt, §

621 and 626): accedit enim, quod patrem amo,

Cic. Att. 13, 21: so Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 2; Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; id. Att. 1, 92 al.; Caes. B. G. 3, 2; 4, 16; Sall. C. 11, 5;

on the other hand: huc accedit uti, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 192, 215, 265 al.:

ad App. Claudii senectutem accedebat etiam ut caecus esset,

Cic. de Sen. 6, 16; so id. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; id. Rosc. Am. 31, 86; id. Deiot. 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 3, 13; 5, 16 al. When several new ideas are added, they are introduced by res in the plur.: cum ad has suspiciones certissimae res accederent: quod per fines Sequanorum Helvetios transduxisset; quod obsides inter eos dandos curāsset;

quod ea omnia, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19. Sometimes the historical idea follows accedit, without ut:

ad haec mala hoc mihi accedit etiam: haec Andria... gravida e Pamphilo est,

Ter. Andr. 1, 3, 11:

accedit illud: si maneo... cadendum est in unius potestatem,

Cic. Att. 8, 3, 1.

To give assent to, accede to, assent to, to agree with, to approve of; constr. with ad or dat. (with persons only, with dat.):

accessit animus ad meam sententiam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 13; so Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 28, § 69; Nep. Milt. 3, 5:

Galba speciosiora suadentibus accessit,

Tac. H. 1, 34; so Quint. 9, 4, 2 al.

To come near to in resemblance, to resemble, be like; with ad or dat. (the latter most freq., esp. after Cic.):

homines ad Deos nulla re propius accedunt quam salutem hominibus dando,

Cic. Lig. 12:

Antonio Philippus proximus accedebat,

id. Brut. 147; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 3; id. de Or. 1, 62, 263; id. Ac. 2, 11, 36 al.

To enter upon, to undertake; constr. with ad or in:

in eandem infamiam,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 84:

ad bellorum pericula,

Cic. Balb. 10:

ad poenam,

to undertake the infliction of punishment, id. Off. 1, 25, 89:

ad amicitiam Caesaris,

Caes. B. C. 1, 48:

ad vectiǵalia,

to undertake their collection as contractor, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 42:

ad causam,

the direction of a lawsuit, id. ib. 2, 2, 38; id. de Or. 1, 38, 175 al. But esp.:

ad rem publicam,

to enter upon the service of the state, Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28; id. Rosc. Am. 1 al.,‡