-
41 eo
1.ĕo, īvi or ii (īt, Verg. A. 9, 418 al.; cf.I.Lachm. ad Lucr. vol. 2, p. 206 sq.: isse, issem, etc., for ivisse, etc.,
Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 25; Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64; id. Phil. 14, 1, 1; Ov. M. 7, 350 et saep.: isti, Turp. ap. Non. 4, 242:istis,
Luc. 7, 834, etc., v. Neue Formenl. 2, 515), īre ( inf. pass. irier, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 16), ĭtum, v. n. [root i-, Sanscr. ēmi, go; Gr. eimi; causat. hiêmi = jacio, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 403], to go (of every kind of motion of animate or inanimate things), to walk, ride, sail, fly, move, pass, etc. (very freq. in all periods and sorts of writing).Lit.A.In gen.:b.eo ad forum,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 95:i domum,
id. ib. 5, 2, 71 sq.:nos priores ibimus,
id. Poen. 3, 2, 34:i in crucem,
go and be hanged! id. As. 5, 2, 91; cf.:i in malam crucem,
id. Cas. 3, 5, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 57; 4, 7, 86:i in malam rem hinc,
Ter. Ph. 5, 7, 37:iens in Pompeianum,
Cic. Att. 4, 9 fin.:subsidio suis ierunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 62, 8:quom it dormitum,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 23; id Most. 3, 2, 4; 16; Hor. S. 1, 6, 119 et saep, cf.:dormitum, lusum,
id. ib. 1, 5, 48:cubitum,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 27; 5, 4, 8; id. Ps. 3, 2, 57; Cic. Rosc. Am. 23; id. Div. 2, 59, 122 et saep.— Poet. with the acc. of the terminus:ibis Cecropios portus,
Ov. H. 10, 125 Loers.:Sardoos recessus,
Sil. 12, 368; cf.:hinc Afros,
Verg. E. 1, 65.—With a cognate acc.:ire vias,
Prop. 1, 1, 17:exsequias,
Ter. Ph. 5, 8, 37:pompam funeris,
Ov. F. 6, 663 et saep.:non explorantur eundae vitandaeque viae,
Claud. in Eutrop. 2, 419:animae ad lumen iturae,
Verg. A. 6, 680:ego ire in Piraeum volo,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 63; cf.:visere ad aliquam,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 114; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 52:videre,
Prop. 1, 1, 12:ire pedibus,
on foot, Liv. 28, 17:equis,
id. 1, 15:curru,
id. 28, 9; Ov. H. 1, 46; cf.:in equis,
id. A. A. 1, 214:in raeda,
Mart. 3, 47:super equos,
Just. 41, 3;and with equis to be supplied,
Verg. A. 5, 554:puppibus,
Ov. H. 19, 180; cf.:cum classe Pisas,
Liv. 41, 17 et saep.:concedere quo poterunt undae, cum pisces ire nequibunt?
Lucr. 1, 380.—Of things:B.alvus non it,
Cato R. R. 157, 7; so,sanguis naribus,
Lucr. 6, 1203:Euphrates jam mollior undis,
Verg. A. 8, 726:sudor per artus,
id. ib. 2, 174:fucus in artus,
Lucr. 2, 683:telum (with volare),
id. 1, 971:trabes,
i. e. to give way, sink, id. 6, 564 et saep.:in semen ire (asparagum),
to go to seed, Cato, R. R. 161, 3; so Plin. 18, 17, 45, § 159; cf.:in corpus (juvenes),
Quint. 2, 10, 5:sanguis it in sucos,
turns into, Ov. M. 10, 493.—In partic.1.To go or proceed against with hostile intent, to march against:2.quos fugere credebant, infestis signis ad se ire viderunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 6:ad hostem,
Liv. 42, 49:contra hostem,
Caes. B. G. 7, 67, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 31 fin.:adversus hostem,
Liv. 42, 49:in hostem,
id. 2, 6; Verg. A. 9, 424 et saep.; cf.:in Capitolium,
to go against, to attack, Liv. 3, 17.—Pregn., to pass away, disappear (very rare):II.saepe hominem paulatim cernimus ire,
Lucr. 3, 526; cf. ib. 530; 594.Trop.A.In gen., to go, pass, proceed, move, advance:B.ire in opus alienum,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 6:in dubiam imperii servitiique aleam,
Liv. 1, 23 fin.:in alteram causam praeceps ierat,
id. 2, 27:in rixam,
Quint. 6, 4, 13:in lacrimas,
Verg. A. 4, 413; Stat. Th. 11, 193:in poenas,
Ov. M. 5, 668 et saep.:ire per singula,
Quint. 6, 1, 12; cf. id. 4, 2, 32; 7, 1, 64; 10, 5, 21:ad quem (modum) non per gradus itur,
id. 8, 4, 7 et saep.:dicite qua sit eundum,
Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 19:ire infitias, v. infitiae: Latina debent cito pariter ire,
Quint. 1, 1, 14:aliae contradictiones eunt interim longius,
id. 5, 13, 54: in eosdem semper pedes ire (compositio), [p. 649] id. 9, 4, 142:cum per omnes et personas et affectus eat (comoedia),
id. 1, 8, 7; cf. id. 1, 2, 13; Juv. 1, 142:Phrygiae per oppida facti Rumor it,
Ov. M. 6, 146:it clamor caelo,
Verg. A. 5, 451:factoque in secula ituro, Laetantur tribuisse locum,
to go down to posterity, Sil. 12, 312; cf.with a subject-sentence: ibit in saecula, fuisse principem, cui, etc.,
Plin. Pan. 55.—In partic.1.Pub. law t. t.a.Pedibus ire, or simply ire in aliquam sententiam, in voting, to go over or accede to any opinion (opp. discedere, v. h. v. II. B. 2. b.):b.cum omnes in sententiam ejus pedibus irent,
Liv. 9, 8, 13:pars major eorum qui aderant in eandem sententiam ibat,
id. 1, 32 fin.; 34, 43; 42, 3 fin.—Pass. impers.:in quam sententiam cum pedibus iretur,
Liv. 5, 9, 2:ibatur in eam sententiam,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1 fin.:itum in sententiam,
Tac. A. 3, 23; 12, 48.—And opp. to the above,Ire in alia omnia, to vote against a bill, v. alius, II.—2.Mercant. t. t. for vēneo, to go for, be sold at a certain price, Plin. 18, 23, 53, § 194:3.tot Pontus eat, tot Lydia nummis,
Claud. Eutr. 1, 203.—Pregn., of time, to pass by, pass away:4.it dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 12; Hor. C. 2, 14, 5; 4, 5, 7:anni,
id. Ep. 2, 2, 55; cf.:anni more fluentis aquae,
Ov. A. A. 3, 62.—With the accessory notion of result, to go, proceed, turn out, happen:5.incipit res melius ire quam putaram,
Cic. Att. 14, 15; cf. Tac. A. 12, 68:prorsus ibat res,
Cic. Att. 14, 20 fin.; Curt. 8, 5:postquam omnia fatis Caesaris ire videt,
Luc. 4, 144.—Hence the wish: sic eat, so may he fare:sic eat quaecunque Romana lugebit hostem,
Liv. 1, 26; Luc. 5, 297 Cort.; 2, 304; Claud. in Eutr. 2, 155. —Constr. with a supine, like the Gr. mellein, to go or set about, to prepare, to wish, to be about to do any thing:6.si opulentus it petitum pauperioris gratiam, etc.,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 69; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 36: quod uti prohibitum irem, quod in me esset, meo labori non parsi, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. PARSI, p. 242 Müll.; so,perditum gentem universam,
Liv. 32, 22:ultum injurias, scelera,
id. 2, 6; Quint. 11, 1, 42:servitum Grais matribus,
Verg. A. 2, 786 et saep.:bonorum praemia ereptum eunt,
Sall. J. 85, 42.—Hence the construction of the inf. pass. iri with the supine, in place of an inf. fut. pass.:mihi omne argentum redditum iri,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 5:mihi istaec videtur praeda praedatum irier,
id. Rud. 4, 7, 16 et saep.— Poet. also with inf.:seu pontum carpere remis Ibis,
Prop. 1, 6, 34:attollere facta regum,
Stat. S. 5, 3, 11:fateri,
id. Th. 3, 61 al. —Imp. i, eas, eat, etc., since the Aug. period more freq. a mocking or indignant expression, go then, go now:2.i nunc et cupidi nomen amantis habe,
Ov. H. 3, 26; so,i nunc,
id. ib. 4, 127; 9, 105; 17, 57; id. Am. 1, 7, 35; Prop. 2, 29, 22 (3, 27, 22 M.); Verg. A. 7, 425; Juv. 6, 306 al.:i, sequere Italiam ventis,
Verg. A. 4, 381; so,i,
id. ib. 9, 634:fremunt omnibus locis: Irent, crearent consules ex plebe,
Liv. 7, 6 fin.ĕō, adv. [old dat. and abl. form of pron. stem i; cf. is].I.In locat. and abl. uses,A.Of place=in eo loco, there, in that place (rare):B.quid (facturus est) cum tu eo quinque legiones haberes?
Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 2, 1:quo loco... ibi... eoque,
Cels. 8, 9, 1:eo loci,
Tac. A. 15, 74; Plin. 11, 37, 50, § 136; so trop.: eo loci, in that condition:res erat eo jam loci, ut, etc.,
Cic. Sest. 13, 68; Tac. A. 14, 61; Dig. 5, 1, 52, § 3.—Of cause=eā re.1.Referring to a cause or reason before given, therefore, on that account, for that reason:2.is nunc dicitur venturus peregre: eo nunc commenta est dolum,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 66; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 41:dederam litteras ad te: eo nunc ero brevior,
Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 1; Sall. C. 21, 3; Liv. 8, 8, 8; Tac. H. 2, 65; Nep. Pelop. 1, 3; id. Milt. 2, 3 et saep.—So with conjunctions, eoque, et eo, eo quoque, in adding any thing as a consequence of what precedes, and for that reason:absolute pares, et eo quoque innumerabiles,
Cic. Ac. 2, 17, 55:impeditius eoque hostibus incautum,
Tac. A. 1, 50:per gentes integras et eo feroces,
Vell. 2, 115, 2; Quint. 4, 1, 42 al. —Referring to a foll. clause, giving(α).a cause or reason, with quia, quoniam, quod, etc.; so with quia:(β).eo fit, quia mihi plurimum credo,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 124; id. Capt. 1, 1, 2:nunc eo videtur foedus, quia, etc.,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 17; 3, 1, 25:quia scripseras, eo te censebam, etc.,
Cic. Att. 10, 17, 4; Sall. C. 20, 3; Tac. Agr. 22.—With quoniam:haec eo notavi, quoniam, etc.,
Gell. 7, 13.—With quod:quod... non potueritis, eo vobis potestas erepta sit,
Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 22; Nep. Eum. 11, 5; Liv. 9, 2, 4; Caes. B. G. 1, 23; so,neque eo... quod,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 43; Varr. R. R. 1, 5.—A purpose, motive or reason, with quo, ut, ne; and after negatives, with quo, quin, and subj. —So with quo:C.eo scripsi, quo plus auctoritatis haberem,
Cic. Att. 8, 9, 1; Sall. C. 22, 2; so,non eo... quo,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 16:neque eo... quo,
Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4; id. Rosc. Am. 18, 51.—With ut:haec eo scripsi, ut intellegeres,
Cic. Fam. 13, 69, 2; id. de Or. 3, 49, 187; Lact. 4, 5, 9.—With ne: Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 63; Ter. Ph. 5, 1, 17:quod ego non eo vereor, ne mihi noceat,
Cic. Att. 9, 2; id. Rab. Perd. 3, 9.—With quin:non eo haec dico, quin quae tu vis ego velim,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 60; id. As. 5, 1, 16. —Of measure or degree—with words of comparison, so much, by so much —followed by quo (= tanto... quanto):II.quae eo fructuosiores fiunt, quo calidior terra aratur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 32, 1:eo gravior est dolor, quo culpa major,
Cic. Att. 11, 11, 2; id. Fam. 2, 19, 1; so with quantum:quantum juniores patrum plebi se magis insinuabant, eo acrius contra tribuni tendebant, etc.,
Liv. 3, 15, 2; id. 44, 7, 6:quanto longius abscederent, eo, etc.,
id. 30, 30, 23. —Esp. freq. the formulae, eo magis, eo minus, so much the worse ( the less), followed by quo, quod, quoniam, si, ut, ne:eo magis, quo tanta penuria est in omni honoris gradu,
Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 7:eo minus veritus navibus, quod in littore molli, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 9; Cic. Off. 3, 22, 88; id. Att. 15, 9 fin.:eo magis, quoniam, etc., Cels. praef. p. 14, 12 Müll.: nihil admirabilius fieri potest, eoque magis, si ea sunt in adulescente,
Cic. Off. 2, 14, 48; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94:eo diligentius ut ne parvula quidem titubatione impediremur,
Auct. Her. 2, 8, 12; Cic. Rab. Perd. 3, 9:ego illa extuli et eo quidem magis, ne quid ille superiorum meminisse me putaret,
id. Att. 9, 13, 3.—In this combination eo often expresses also the idea of cause (cf. B. 1. supra): hoc probis pretiumst. Eo mihi magis lubet cum probis potius quam cum improbis vivere,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 37: solliciti tamen et anxii sunt;eoque magis, quod se ipsi continent et coercent,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 33, 70;and some passages may be classed under either head: dederam triduo ante litteras ad te. Eo nunc ero brevior,
Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1; id. Inv 1, 4, 5; id. Off. 2, 13, 45; id. Fam. 9, 16, 9; Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 8.In dat. uses.A.With the idea of motion, to that place, thither (=in eum locum):B.eo se recipere coeperunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 5:uti eo cum introeas, circumspicias, uti inde exire possit,
Cato, R. R. 1, 2:eo tela conicere, Auct. B. Afr. 72: eo respicere,
Sall. J. 35, 10; so,followed by quo, ubi, unde: non potuit melius pervenirier eo, quo nos volumus,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 35:venio nunc eo, quo me fides ducit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 83:ibit eo quo vis, etc.,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 40:(venit) eo, ubi non modo res erat, etc.,
Cic. Quint. 11; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 21; Vell. 2, 108, 2:eo, unde discedere non oportuit, revertamur,
Cic. Att. 2, 16, 3; Liv. 6, 35, 2; Sall. C. 60, 2;so (late Lat.) with loci: perducendum eo loci, ubi actum sit,
Dig. 10, 4, 11, § 1; ib. 47, 2, 3, § 2.—Transf.1.With the idea of addition, thereto, in addition to that, besides:2.accessit eo, ut milites ejus, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 4:accedit eo, quod, etc.,
id. Att. 1, 13, 1.—With the idea of tendency, to that end, with that purpose, to this result:3.hoc autem eo spectabat, ut eam a Philippo corruptam diceret,
Cic. Div. 2, 57, 118:haec eo pertinet oratio, ut ipsa virtus se sustentare posse videretur,
id. Fam. 6, 1, 12:hoc eo valebat, ut, etc.,
Nep. Them. 4, 4.—With the idea of degree or extent, to that degree or extent, so far, to such a point:C.eo scientiae progredi,
Quint. 2, 1, 6:postquam res publica eo magnificentiae venerit, gliscere singulos,
Tac. A. 2, 33; id. H. 1, 16; id. Agr. 28:eo magnitudinis procedere,
Sall. J. 1, 5; 5, 2; 14, 3:ubi jam eo consuetudinis adducta res est, ut, etc.,
Liv. 25, 8, 11; 28, 27, 12; 32, 18, 8 al.; Just. 3, 5:eo insolentiae processit,
Plin. Pan. 16:eo rerum ventum erat, ut, etc.,
Curt. 5, 12, 3; 7, 1, 35.— With gen., Val. Max. 3, 7, 1 al.; Flor. 1, 24, 2; 2, 18, 12; Suet. Caes. 77; Plin. Pan. 16, 5; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. §9: eo rem jam adducam, ut nihil divinationis opus sit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:res eo est deducta, ut, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 18, 2; Hor. C. 2, 1, 226; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 18.—Of time, up to the time, until, so long, usually with usque, and followed by dum, donec:usque eo premere capita, dum illae captum amitterent,
Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 124; Liv. 23, 19, 14; Tac. A. 4, 18:eo usque flagitatus est, donec ad exitium dederetur,
id. ib. 1, 32; Quint. 11, 3, 53:eo usque vivere, donec, etc.,
Liv. 40, 8; cf. Col. 4, 24, 20; 4, 30, 4.—Rarely by quamdiu:eo usque, quamdiu ad fines barbaricos veniretur,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 45. -
42 Armed forces
Although armed force has been a major factor in the development of the Portuguese nation-state, a standing army did not exist until after the War of Restoration (1641-48). During the 18th century, Portugal's small army was drawn into many European wars. In 1811, a combined Anglo-Portuguese army drove the French army of Napoleon out of the country. After Germany declared war on Portugal in March 1916, two Portuguese divisions were conscripted and sent to France, where they sustained heavy casualties at the Battle of Lys in April 1918. As Portugal and Spain were neutral in World War II, the Portuguese Army cooperated with the Spanish army to defend Iberian neutrality. In 1949, Portugal became a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). When the nationalist quest for independence began in Portugal's colonies in Africa ( Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau) in the 1960s, the military effort (1961-74) to suppress the nationalists resulted in an expansion of the Portuguese armed forces to about 250,000.Since the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the number of personnel on active duty in the army, navy, and air force has been greatly reduced (43,200 in 2007) and given a more direct role in NATO. New NATO commitments led to the organization of the Brigada Mista Independente (Independent Composite Brigade), later converted into the Brigada Aero-Transportada. (Air-Transported Brigade) to be used in the defense of Europe's southern flank. The Portuguese air force and navy are responsible for the defense of the Azores-Madeira-Portugal strategic triangle.Chronic military intervention in Portuguese political life began in the 19th century. These interventions usually began with revolts of the military ( pronunciamentos) in order to get rid of what were considered by the armed forces corrupt or incompetent civilian governments. The army overthrew the monarchy on the 5 October 1910 and established Portugal's First Republic. It overthrew the First Republic on 28 May 1926 and established a military dictatorship. The army returned to the barracks during the Estado Novo of Antônio de Oliveira Salazar. The armed forces once again returned to politics when the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) overthrew the Estado Novo on 25 April 1974. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the armed forces again played a major role in Portuguese politics through the Council of the Revolution, which was composed of the president of the Republic, Chiefs of the general staff, three service chiefs, and 14 MFA officers. The Council of the Revolution advised the president on the selection of the prime minister and could veto legislation.The subordination of the Portuguese armed forces to civilian authority began in 1982, when revisions to the Constitution abolished the Council of the Revolution and redefined the mission of the armed forces to that of safeguarding and defending the national territory. By the early 1990s, the political influence of Portugal armed force had waned and civilian control was reinforced with the National Defense Laws of 1991, which made the chief of the general staff of the armed forces directly responsible to the minister of defense, not the president of the republic, as had been the case previously. As the end of the Cold War had eliminated the threat of a Soviet invasion of western Europe, Portuguese armed forces continues to be scaled back and reorganized. Currently, the focus is on modernization to achieve high operational efficiency in certain areas such as air defense, naval patrols, and rapid-response capability in case of terrorist attack. Compulsory military service was ended in 2004. The Portuguese armed forces have been employed as United Nations peacekeepers in East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Lebanon. -
43 Catholic church
The Catholic Church and the Catholic religion together represent the oldest and most enduring of all Portuguese institutions. Because its origins as an institution go back at least to the middle of the third century, if not earlier, the Christian and later the Catholic Church is much older than any other Portuguese institution or major cultural influence, including the monarchy (lasting 770 years) or Islam (540 years). Indeed, it is older than Portugal (869 years) itself. The Church, despite its changing doctrine and form, dates to the period when Roman Lusitania was Christianized.In its earlier period, the Church played an important role in the creation of an independent Portuguese monarchy, as well as in the colonization and settlement of various regions of the shifting Christian-Muslim frontier as it moved south. Until the rise of absolutist monarchy and central government, the Church dominated all public and private life and provided the only education available, along with the only hospitals and charity institutions. During the Middle Ages and the early stage of the overseas empire, the Church accumulated a great deal of wealth. One historian suggests that, by 1700, one-third of the land in Portugal was owned by the Church. Besides land, Catholic institutions possessed a large number of chapels, churches and cathedrals, capital, and other property.Extensive periods of Portuguese history witnessed either conflict or cooperation between the Church as the monarchy increasingly sought to gain direct control of the realm. The monarchy challenged the great power and wealth of the Church, especially after the acquisition of the first overseas empire (1415-1580). When King João III requested the pope to allow Portugal to establish the Inquisition (Holy Office) in the country and the request was finally granted in 1531, royal power, more than religion was the chief concern. The Inquisition acted as a judicial arm of the Catholic Church in order to root out heresies, primarily Judaism and Islam, and later Protestantism. But the Inquisition became an instrument used by the crown to strengthen its power and jurisdiction.The Church's power and prestige in governance came under direct attack for the first time under the Marquis of Pombal (1750-77) when, as the king's prime minister, he placed regalism above the Church's interests. In 1759, the Jesuits were expelled from Portugal, although they were allowed to return after Pombal left office. Pombal also harnessed the Inquisition and put in place other anticlerical measures. With the rise of liberalism and the efforts to secularize Portugal after 1820, considerable Church-state conflict occurred. The new liberal state weakened the power and position of the Church in various ways: in 1834, all religious orders were suppressed and their property confiscated both in Portugal and in the empire and, in the 1830s and 1840s, agrarian reform programs confiscated and sold large portions of Church lands. By the 1850s, Church-state relations had improved, various religious orders were allowed to return, and the Church's influence was largely restored. By the late 19th century, Church and state were closely allied again. Church roles in all levels of education were pervasive, and there was a popular Catholic revival under way.With the rise of republicanism and the early years of the First Republic, especially from 1910 to 1917, Church-state relations reached a new low. A major tenet of republicanism was anticlericalism and the belief that the Church was as much to blame as the monarchy for the backwardness of Portuguese society. The provisional republican government's 1911 Law of Separation decreed the secularization of public life on a scale unknown in Portugal. Among the new measures that Catholics and the Church opposed were legalization of divorce, appropriation of all Church property by the state, abolition of religious oaths for various posts, suppression of the theology school at Coimbra University, abolition of saints' days as public holidays, abolition of nunneries and expulsion of the Jesuits, closing of seminaries, secularization of all public education, and banning of religious courses in schools.After considerable civil strife over the religious question under the republic, President Sidónio Pais restored normal relations with the Holy See and made concessions to the Portuguese Church. Encouraged by the apparitions at Fátima between May and October 1917, which caused a great sensation among the rural people, a strong Catholic reaction to anticlericalism ensued. Backed by various new Catholic organizations such as the "Catholic Youth" and the Academic Center of Christian Democracy (CADC), the Catholic revival influenced government and politics under the Estado Novo. Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar was not only a devout Catholic and member of the CADC, but his formative years included nine years in the Viseu Catholic Seminary preparing to be a priest. Under the Estado Novo, Church-state relations greatly improved, and Catholic interests were protected. On the other hand, Salazar's no-risk statism never went so far as to restore to the Church all that had been lost in the 1911 Law of Separation. Most Church property was never returned from state ownership and, while the Church played an important role in public education to 1974, it never recovered the influence in education it had enjoyed before 1911.Today, the majority of Portuguese proclaim themselves Catholic, and the enduring nature of the Church as an institution seems apparent everywhere in the country. But there is no longer a monolithic Catholic faith; there is growing diversity of religious choice in the population, which includes an increasing number of Protestant Portuguese as well as a small but growing number of Muslims from the former Portuguese empire. The Muslim community of greater Lisbon erected a Mosque which, ironically, is located near the Spanish Embassy. In the 1990s, Portugal's Catholic Church as an institution appeared to be experiencing a revival of influence. While Church attendance remained low, several Church institutions retained an importance in society that went beyond the walls of the thousands of churches: a popular, flourishing Catholic University; Radio Re-nascenca, the country's most listened to radio station; and a new private television channel owned by the Church. At an international conference in Lisbon in September 2000, the Cardinal Patriarch of Portugal, Dom José Policarpo, formally apologized to the Jewish community of Portugal for the actions of the Inquisition. At the deliberately selected location, the place where that religious institution once held its hearings and trials, Dom Policarpo read a declaration of Catholic guilt and repentance and symbolically embraced three rabbis, apologizing for acts of violence, pressures to convert, suspicions, and denunciation. -
44 auslosen
v/t (trennb., hat -ge-) draw lots (Am. straws) for; den Gewinner auslosen draw lots (Am. straws) to decide the winner ( oder who wins)* * *to draw lots for* * *aus|lo|senvt septo draw lots for; Preis, Gewinner to drawes wurde ausgelost, wer beginnt — lots were drawn to see who would start
* * *1) (to put into force or operation: The smoke activated the fire alarms.) activate2) ((often with off) to start( a series of events): The attack triggered (off) a full-scale war.) trigger3) ((often with off) to start (a row, disagreement etc): Their action sparked off a major row.) spark4) (to make (something) explode: a spark touched off the gunpowder; His remark touched off an argument.) touch off* * *aus|lo·senI. vt▪ jdn/etw \auslosen to draw sb/sthII. vi to draw lots▪ \auslosen/es wurde ausgelost, wer etw tut to draw lots/lots were drawn as to [or to see] who does sth▪ ausgelost werden to be drawn by lot* * *transitives Verbes wurde ausgelost, wer beginnt — lots were drawn to decide who would start
* * ** * *transitives Verbes wurde ausgelost, wer beginnt — lots were drawn to decide who would start
* * *-ungen n.triggering n. -
45 auslösen
v/t (trennb., hat -ge-) draw lots (Am. straws) for; den Gewinner auslosen draw lots (Am. straws) to decide the winner ( oder who wins)* * *to draw lots for* * *aus|lo|senvt septo draw lots for; Preis, Gewinner to drawes wurde ausgelost, wer beginnt — lots were drawn to see who would start
* * *1) (to put into force or operation: The smoke activated the fire alarms.) activate2) ((often with off) to start( a series of events): The attack triggered (off) a full-scale war.) trigger3) ((often with off) to start (a row, disagreement etc): Their action sparked off a major row.) spark4) (to make (something) explode: a spark touched off the gunpowder; His remark touched off an argument.) touch off* * *aus|lo·senI. vt▪ jdn/etw \auslosen to draw sb/sthII. vi to draw lots▪ \auslosen/es wurde ausgelost, wer etw tut to draw lots/lots were drawn as to [or to see] who does sth▪ ausgelost werden to be drawn by lot* * *transitives Verbes wurde ausgelost, wer beginnt — lots were drawn to decide who would start
* * *auslösen v/t (trennb, hat -ge-)1. (chemische Reaktion, physikalischen Vorgang etc) set off; (Streik, Krieg etc) trigger off, spark off; (Krankheit) bring on; (Gefühl, Reaktion) cause, touch off; (Begeisterung, Wut) arouse;das auslösende Moment the decisive moment;großen Beifall auslösen draw loud applause;es löste allgemeine Heiterkeit aus it gave everyone a (good) laugh, it caused great mirth geh3. (Knochen) take out (aus of)* * *transitives Verbes wurde ausgelost, wer beginnt — lots were drawn to decide who would start
* * *-ungen n.triggering n. -
46 protagonismo
m.1 leading role.2 prominence.* * *1 leading role■ el protagonismo político de la mujer es todavía escaso women continue to play a minor role in politics\restar protagonismo a alguien to steal somebody's limelighttener afán de protagonismo to want to be the centre of attention* * *SM1) (=papel) leading role; (=liderazgo) leadership2) (=importancia) prominence; [en sociedad] taking an active part, being socially active3) (=defensa) defence, defense (EEUU)4) (=apoyo) support* * *masculino prominenceel protagonismo de los estudiantes en la revuelta — the leading o prominent role played by the students in the revolt
ganar protagonismo — to become more prominent/important
* * *----* afán de protagonismo = outburst of ego.* ganar protagonismo = gain in + importance.* perder protagonismo = fade into + the background.* * *masculino prominenceel protagonismo de los estudiantes en la revuelta — the leading o prominent role played by the students in the revolt
ganar protagonismo — to become more prominent/important
* * ** afán de protagonismo = outburst of ego.* ganar protagonismo = gain in + importance.* perder protagonismo = fade into + the background.* * *prominenceel protagonismo estadounidense en estos campeonatos the prominence o the outstanding performance of the USA in these championshipsun papel de creciente protagonismo an increasingly prominent o important rolecon su afán de protagonismo, no deja hablar a nadie más she's so keen to be center stage o to be in the limelight that she never lets anybody else say anythingel protagonismo de los estudiantes en la revuelta the leading o prominent role of the students in the revoltgana cada vez más protagonismo it is becoming more and more prominent/importantlo ha sabido hacer sin protagonismos he has managed to do it without putting himself in the limelightel protagonismo de nuestro país en la escena internacional our country's leading role on the international scene* * *
protagonismo sustantivo masculino
1 (importancia, relevancia) prominence: el huracán restó protagonismo a la dimisión del presidente, the hurricane overshadowed the president's resignation
2 (actitud) me molesta su afán de protagonismo, her desire to always be the center of attention annoys me
' protagonismo' also found in these entries:
English:
upstage
* * *protagonismo nm1. [función destacada] key role;los militares tuvieron un protagonismo destacado en la caída del régimen the military played a key role in the downfall of the regime2. [importancia] significance, importance;buscan un mayor protagonismo de las mujeres en la política their aim is for women to play a more prominent role in politics;han criticado su afán de protagonismo her desire to be the centre of attention o in the limelight has been criticized;el atentado restó protagonismo a la cumbre de presidentes the attack diverted attention from the presidential summit* * *m:tener protagonismo occupy center stage o Br centre stage;afán de protagonismo longing to be in the limelight -
47 avance
m.1 advance.avances científicos scientific advances2 advance payment (finance).3 preview (radio & television).4 advancement, breakthrough, development, headway.5 progress, advance, forward movement.pres.subj.1st person singular (yo) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: avanzar.* * *1 (acción) advance3 (de película) trailer\avance informativo TELEVISIÓN news preview, US news brief* * *noun m.1) advance2) preview* * *SM1) (=movimiento) advance2) (=progreso) advance3) (Econ) advance (payment)4) (Cine) (=tráiler) trailerun avance de la programación matinal — (TV) a look ahead at the morning's programmes
avance informativo — news headlines, advance news summary
5) (Com) (=balance) balance; (=cálculo) estimate6) (Elec) lead7) (Mec) feed8) Cono Sur (=ataque) attack, raid10) CAm (=robo) theft* * *1)a) ( adelanto) advancehubo avances significativos en las negociaciones — significant progress was made in the negotiations
b) ( movimiento) advance; (Mil) advance; (Dep) move forward2)a) (Esp) (Cin, TV) trailerb) avances masculino plural (Méx) (Cin, TV) trailer•* * *1)a) ( adelanto) advancehubo avances significativos en las negociaciones — significant progress was made in the negotiations
b) ( movimiento) advance; (Mil) advance; (Dep) move forward2)a) (Esp) (Cin, TV) trailerb) avances masculino plural (Méx) (Cin, TV) trailer•* * *avance11 = move, progress, push towards, progression, march.Ex: Better flexibility is achieved if the heating, ventilation and lighting can accommodate this move without the need for any alterations.
Ex: AACR represented a significant element in the progress towards rational and standard cataloguing practices.Ex: In the frenetic push towards international cooperation among research libraries, the library needs of the nonscholar are easily overlooked.Ex: In the past few years, there has been a technological progression from the Internet to intranets and, now, to extranets.Ex: The march of information technology has changed service presentation but the media which are used today are those which have served public librarians for years.* avance inexorable = relentlessness.* avance rápido de imágenes = fast motion.* AvPág (Avance Página) = PgDn (Page Down).* coartar el avance de Algo = hinder + progress.* evaluación del avance realizado = progress evaluation.* hacer avances = make + headway.* informe sobre el avance de un proyecto = progress report.* retrasar el avance = retard + progress.* ser un gran avance = be half the battle.* símbolo de avance de línea = line feed character.* tecla de Avance de Página = Page Down key.avance22 = advance, advancement, breakthrough [break-through], development, enhancement, stride, betterment, step forward, furtherance, step up.Ex: I think that the most important advance that we can look forward to is a great increase in the amount of authority data in MARC form.
Ex: In order to achieve good consistent indexing the indexer must have a thorough appreciation of the structure of the subject and the nature of the contribution that the document makes to the advancement of knowledge.Ex: With the exception of a few prescient observers, most predictions of the 20th century overlooked such breakthroughs as the computer.Ex: Enumerative schemes can be difficult to revise to take account of new developments.Ex: Editors consider content of abstracts and their languages as a primary factor in retrieval enhancement.Ex: Recent strides in storage technology portend lower cost and greater capacity systems for all computers.Ex: The new danger is that new technologies will be used for the betterment of only a small part of the world's population.Ex: This article represents a step forward in attempting to systematize the redefinition of library purpose, not simply by basing purpose on community needs but by 'linking needs and libraries in a coherent way'.Ex: The aims of the centre are the furtherance of teaching and research on any aspect of South Asia.Ex: In terms of intellectual evolution, it is a radical step up and great leap forward for mankind.* avance de la medicina = medical advance.* avance espectacular = quantum leap.* avance importantísimo = giant leap, great leap forward.* avance médico = medical advance.* avance profesional = career progression, rise through the ranks.* avance técnico = technical advance.* avance tecnológico = technological advancement.* con avances = stepped-up.* con los últimos avances = state-of-the-art, leading edge.* mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.* mantenerse al tanto de los avances = track + developments.* nuevos avances = future development(s).* ser un avance = be a step forward.* suponer una avance sobre = move + one away from.* suponer un avance = be a step forward.avance33 = trailer, sneak preview, sneak peek, movie trailer.Ex: A trailer is a short motion picture film consisting of selected scenes from a film to be shown at a future date, used to advertise that film.
Ex: It includes 50 pages of listings of forthcoming spring books, as well as 11 pages of ' sneak previews' of children's books scheduled for autumn 1998 = Incluye 50 páginas de novedades editoriales para la primavera así como 11 páginas de " avances" de libros infantiles programados para otoño de 1998.Ex: This is a 'sneak peek' at new products that systems vendors will have on exhibit at the conference = Este es un " avance" de los nuevos productos que los vendedores de sistemas expondrán en el congreso.Ex: The movie trailer was promissory of action and adventure, but the film itself was a bore.avance44 = tent shelter.Nota: De caravana.Ex: The mobile library was based on a converted pickup truck with a camper shell, plus a tent shelter, and camp lantern for night services.
* * *A1 (adelanto) advanceun gran avance en el campo de la medicina a great step forward o a breakthrough in the field of medicineno hubo avances significativos en las negociaciones no significant progress was made in the negotiationsla lucha contra el avance del desierto the struggle against the advancing o encroaching desertBun avance de la programación del fin de semana a preview of o a look ahead at this weekend's programsCompuesto:news summary, news headlines (pl)* * *
Del verbo avanzar: ( conjugate avanzar)
avancé es:
1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo
avance es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
avance
avanzar
avance sustantivo masculino
◊ un avance en este campo an advance o a step forward in this field
(Mil) advance;
(Dep) move forward
avanzar ( conjugate avanzar) verbo intransitivo
[negociaciones/proyecto] to progress
verbo transitivo
avance sustantivo masculino
1 advance
2 Rad TV avance informativo, news summary, preview of news headlines
avanzar verbo transitivo to advance, make progress
' avance' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
av pág
- tráiler
- adelanto
- implacable
- paso
English:
advance
- advancement
- breakthrough
- development
- progress
- trailer
- wave on
- break
- drag
- flash
- hail
- march
- preview
* * *♦ nm1. [movimiento hacia delante] advance;el avance a través de la selva fue dificultoso making progress through the jungle was not easyInformát avance de línea [de impresora] line feed; Informát avance de página [de impresora] form feed2. [adelanto, progreso] advance;avances científicos/tecnológicos scientific/technological advances o progress;los avances en la lucha contra el cáncer advances in the fight against cancer3. [anticipo de dinero] advance payment4. [de película] trailer5. Rad & TV [de futura programación] previewavance informativo [resumen] news summary; [por noticia de última hora] newsflash* * *m1 advance;2 en cine trailer* * *avance nmadelanto: advance* * *avance n1. (progreso) advance2. (de una película) trailer -
48 compter
compter [kɔ̃te]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━➭ TABLE 11. <a. ( = calculer) to count• combien en avez-vous compté ? how many did you count?• 40 cm ? j'avais compté 30 40cm? I made it 30• on peut compter sur les doigts de la main ceux qui comprennent vraiment you can count on the fingers of one hand the people who really understandb. ( = prévoir) to reckonc. ( = inclure) to include• nous étions dix, sans compter le professeur there were ten of us, not counting the teacherd. ( = facturer) to charge fore. ( = prendre en considération) to take into account• il aurait dû venir, sans compter qu'il n'avait rien à faire he ought to have come, especially as he had nothing to dof. ( = classer) to consider• on compte ce livre parmi les meilleurs de l'année this book is considered among the best of the yearg. ( = avoir l'intention de) to intend to ; ( = s'attendre à) to expect to• j'y compte bien ! I should hope so!2. <a. ( = calculer) to countb. ( = être économe) to economize• dépenser sans compter ( = être dépensier) to spend extravagantly ; ( = donner généreusement) to give without counting the costc. ( = avoir de l'importance) to countd. ( = valoir) to counte. ( = figurer) compter parmi to rank amongf. (locutions)• cette loi prendra effet à compter du 30 septembre this law will take effect as from 30 September► compter avec ( = tenir compte de) to take account of• un nouveau parti avec lequel il faut compter a new party that has to be taken into account► compter sans* * *kɔ̃te
1.
1) ( dénombrer) to counton ne compte plus ses victoires — he/she has had countless victories
je ne compte plus les lettres anonymes que je reçois — I've lost count of the anonymous letters I have received
sans compter — [donner, dépenser] freely
2) ( évaluer)il faut compter environ 100 euros — you should reckon on GB ou count on paying about 100 euros
3) ( faire payer)4) ( inclure) to countje vous ai compté dans le nombre des participants — I've counted you as one of ou among the participants
5) ( projeter)6) ( s'attendre à)‘je vais t'aider’ - ‘j'y compte bien’ — ‘I'll help you’ - ‘I should hope so too’
2.
verbe intransitif1) ( dire les nombres) to count2) ( calculer) to count, to add upil sait très bien compter, il compte très bien — he's very good at counting
3) ( avoir de l'importance) to matter ( pour quelqu'un to somebody)c'est l'intention or le geste qui compte — it's the thought that counts
le salaire compte beaucoup dans le choix d'une carrière — pay is an important factor in the choice of a career
4) ( avoir une valeur) to countcompter double/triple — to count double/triple
5) ( figurer)compter au nombre de, compter parmi — to be counted among
6)compter avec — ( faire face) to reckon with [difficultés, concurrence]; ( ne pas oublier) to take [sb/sth] into account [personne, chose]
7)compter sans — ( négliger) not to take [sb/sth] into account [personne, chose]
8)compter sur — ( attendre) to count on [personne, aide]; (dépendre, faire confiance) to rely on [personne, ressource]; ( prévoir) to reckon on [somme, revenu]
vous pouvez compter sur moi, je vais m'en occuper — you can rely ou count on me, I'll see to it
ne compte pas sur moi — (pour venir, participer) count me out
je vais leur dire ce que j'en pense, tu peux compter là- dessus (colloq) or sur moi! — I'll tell them what I think, you can be sure of that!
quand il s'agit de faire des bêtises, on peut compter sur toi! — (colloq) hum trust you to do something silly!
3.
se compter verbe pronominalles faillites dans la région ne se comptent plus — there have been countless bankruptcies in the area
4.
à compter de locution prépositive as from
5.
sans compter que locution conjonctive ( en outre) and what is more; ( d'autant plus que) especially as* * *kɔ̃te1. vt1) (établir le nombre de) to count2) (= inclure, dans une liste) to includesans compter qch — not counting sth, not including sth
On sera dix-huit, sans compter les enfants. — There'll be eighteen of us, not counting the children.
3) (= facturer) to charge forIl n'a pas compté le deuxième café. — He didn't charge us for the second coffee.
4) (= avoir à son actif, comporter) to haveL'institut compte trois prix Nobel. — The institute has three Nobel prizewinners.
5) (prévoir: une certaine quantité, un certain temps) to allow, to reckon onIl faut compter environ deux heures. — You have to allow about two hours., You have to reckon on about two hours.
6) (= avoir l'intention de)Je compte bien réussir. — I fully intend to succeed.
Je compte partir début mai. — I intend to leave at the beginning of May.
2. vi1) (calculer) to countIl savait compter à l'âge de trois ans. — He could count when he was three years old.
à compter du 10 janvier COMMERCE — from 10 January, as from 10 January
2) (= être non négligeable) to count, to matterL'honnêteté, ça compte quand même. — Honesty counts after all.
3) (qu'on peut prendre en compte) to countÇa ne compte pas - il s'est fait aider. — That doesn't count - he had help.
4) (= figurer)compter parmi — to be among, to rank among
compter avec qch/qn — to reckon with sth/sb
compter sans qch/qn — to reckon without sth/sb
6)compter sur [personne] — to count on, to rely on, [aide] to count on
7) (= être économe) to watch every penny, to count the penniesPendant longtemps, il a fallu compter. — For a long time we had to watch every penny.
* * *compter verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( dénombrer) to count; compter les jours to count the days; ‘j'ai compté cinq coups à l'horloge’-‘j'en ai compté six’ ‘I counted five strokes of the clock’-‘I counted six’; ‘combien y a-t-il de bouteilles?’-‘j'en compte 24’ ‘how many bottles are there?’-‘I make it 24’; on compte deux millions de chômeurs/3 000 cas de malaria there is a total of two million unemployed/3,000 cases of malaria; une heure après le début de l'attaque on comptait déjà 40 morts an hour after the attack started 40 deaths had already been recorded; on ne compte plus ses victoires he/she has had countless victories; je ne compte plus les lettres anonymes que je reçois I've lost count of the anonymous letters I have received; j'ai compté qu'il y avait 52 fenêtres/500 euros I counted a total of 52 windows/500 euros; as-tu compté combien il reste d'œufs? have you counted how many eggs are left?;2 ( évaluer) compter une bouteille pour trois to allow a bottle between three people; pour aller à Caen il faut compter cinq heures you must allow five hours to get to Caen; il faut compter environ 100 euros you should reckon on GB ou count on paying about 100 euros; compter large/très large/trop large to allow plenty/more than enough/far too much; j'ai pris une tarte pour huit, je préfère compter large I got a tart for eight, I prefer to be on the safe side;3 ( faire payer) compter qch à qn to charge sb for sth; il m'a compté la livre à 1,71 euro he charged me 1.71 euros to the pound; il m'a compté 50 euros de déplacement he charged a 50 euro call-out fee;4 ( inclure) to count; je vous ai compté dans le nombre des participants I've counted you as one of ou among the participants; nous t'avons déjà compté pour le repas de la semaine prochaine we've already counted you (in) for the meal next week; as-tu compté la TVA? have you counted the VAT?; 2 000 euros par mois sans compter les primes 2,000 euros a month not counting bonuses; sans compter les soucis not to mention the worry; j'ai oublié de compter le col et la ceinture quand j'ai acheté le tissu I forgot to allow for the collar and the waistband when I bought the fabric; je le comptais au nombre de mes amis I counted him among my friends ou as a friend; s'il fallait compter le temps que j'y passe if I had to work out how much time I'm spending on it;5 ( avoir) to have [habitants, chômeurs, alliés]; to have [sth] to one's credit [victoire, succès]; notre club compte des gens célèbres our club has some well-known people among its members; un sportif qui compte de nombreuses victoires à son actif a sportsman who has many victories to his credit; il compte 15 ans de présence dans l'entreprise he has been with the company for 15 years;6 ( projeter) compter faire to intend to do; ‘comptez-vous y aller?’-‘j'y compte bien’ ‘do you intend to go?’-‘yes, I certainly do’; je compte m'acheter un ordinateur I'm hoping to buy myself a computer;7 ( s'attendre à) il comptait que je lui prête de l'argent he expected me to lend him some money; ‘je vais t'aider’-‘j'y compte bien’ ‘I'll help you’-‘I should hope so too’;8 ( donner avec parcimonie) il a toujours compté ses sous he has always watched the pennies; compter jusqu'au moindre centime to count every penny; sans compter [donner, dépenser] freely; se dépenser sans compter pour (la réussite de) qch to put everything one's got into sth.B vi1 ( dire les nombres) to count; compter jusqu'à 20 to count up to 20; il ne sait pas compter he can't count; il a trois ans mais il compte déjà bien he's three but he's already good at counting; compter sur ses doigts to count on one's fingers;2 ( calculer) to count, to add up; il sait très bien compter, il compte très bien he's very good at counting; cela fait 59 non pas 62, tu ne sais pas compter! that makes 59 not 62, you can't count!; compter sur ses doigts to work sums out on one's fingers;3 ( avoir de l'importance) [avis, diplôme, apparence] to matter (pour qn to sb); ce qui compte c'est qu'ils se sont réconciliés what matters is that they have made it up; c'est l'intention or le geste qui compte it's the thought that counts; 40 ans dans la même entreprise ça compte/ça commence à compter 40 years in the same company, that's quite something/it's beginning to add up; ça compte beaucoup pour moi it means a lot to me; je ne compte pas plus pour elle que son chien I mean no more to her than her dog; compter dans to be a factor in [réussite, échec]; le salaire compte beaucoup dans le choix d'une carrière pay is an important factor in the choice of a career; cela a beaucoup compté dans leur faillite it was a major factor in their bankruptcy; ça fait longtemps que je ne compte plus dans ta vie it's been a long time since I have meant anything to you; il connaît tout ce qui compte dans le milieu du cinéma he knows everybody who is anybody in film circles;4 ( avoir une valeur) [épreuve, faute] to count; compter double/triple to count double/triple; compter double/triple par rapport à to count for twice/three times as much as; ça ne compte pas, il a triché it doesn't count, he cheated; le dernier exercice ne compte pas dans le calcul de la note the last exercise isn't counted in the calculation of the grade; la lettre ‘y’ compte pour combien? how much is the letter ‘y’ worth?; la lettre ‘z’ compte pour combien de points? how many points is the letter ‘z’ worth?; une faute de grammaire compte pour quatre points four marks are deducted for a grammatical error;6 compter avec ( faire face) to reckon with [difficultés, concurrence, belle-mère]; ( ne pas oublier) to take [sb/sth] into account [personne, chose]; ( prévoir) to allow for [retard, supplément]; il doit compter avec les syndicats he has to reckon with the unions; il faut compter avec l'opinion publique one must take public opinion into account; il faut compter avec le brouillard dans cette région you should allow for fog in that area;7 compter sans ( négliger) to reckon without [risque, gêne]; ( oublier) not to take [sb/sth] into account [personne, chose]; c'était compter sans le brouillard that was without allowing for the fog; j'avais compté sans la TVA I hadn't taken the VAT into account;8 compter sur ( attendre) to count on [personne, aide]; (dépendre, faire confiance) to rely on [personne, ressource]; ( prévoir) to reckon on [somme, revenu]; vous pouvez compter sur moi, je viendrai you can count on me, I'll be there; tu peux compter sur ma présence you can count on me ou on my being there; vous pouvez compter sur moi, je vais m'en occuper you can rely ou count on me, I'll see to it; ne compte pas sur moi (pour venir, participer) count me out; ne compte pas sur moi pour payer tes dettes/faire la cuisine don't rely on me to pay your debts/do the cooking; ne compte pas sur eux pour le faire don't count on them to do it; le pays peut compter sur des stocks de vivres en provenance de… the country can count on stocks of food supplies coming from…; le pays peut compter sur ses réserves de blé the country can rely on its stock of wheat; je ne peux compter que sur moi-même I can only rely on myself; je leur ferai la commission, compte sur moi I'll give them the message, you can count on me; je vais leur dire ce que j'en pense, tu peux compter là-dessus○ or sur moi! I'll tell them what I think, you can be sure of that!; quand il s'agit de faire des bêtises, on peut compter sur toi○! iron trust you to do something silly!; compter sur la discrétion de qn to rely on sb's discretion; je compte dessus I'm counting ou relying on it.C se compter vpr leurs victoires se comptent par douzaines they have had dozens of victories; les défections se comptent par milliers there have been thousands of defections; leurs chansons à succès ne se comptent plus they've had countless hits; les faillites dans la région ne se comptent plus there have been countless bankruptcies in the area.D à compter de loc prép as from; réparations gratuites pendant 12 mois à compter de la date de vente free repairs for 12 months with effect from the date of sale.E sans compter que loc conj ( en outre) and what is more; ( d'autant plus que) especially as; c'est dangereux sans compter que ça pollue it's dangerous and what's more it causes pollution.compte là-dessus et bois de l'eau fraîche○ that'll be the day.[kɔ̃te] verbe transitif1. [dénombrer - objets, argent, personnes] to counton ne compte plus ses crimes she has committed countless ou innumerable crimesj'ai compté qu'il restait 200 euros dans la caisse according to my reckoning there are 200 euros left in the tillcompter les heures/jours [d'impatience] to be counting the hours/days2. [limiter] to count (out)a. [il va mourir] his days are numberedb. [pour accomplir quelque chose] he's running out of timeil ne comptait pas sa peine/ses efforts he spared no pains/effort3. [faire payer] to charge fornous ne vous compterons pas la pièce détachée we won't charge you ou there'll be no charge for the spare partle serveur nous a compté deux euros de trop the waiter has overcharged us by two euros, the waiter has charged us 15 francs too much4. [payer, verser] to pay6. [classer - dans une catégorie]compter quelque chose/quelqu'un parmi to count something/somebody among, to number something/somebody amongcompter quelqu'un/quelque chose pour: nous devons compter sa contribution pour quelque chose we must take some account of her contribution8. [avoir - membres, habitants] to havenous sommes heureux de vous compter parmi nous ce soir we're happy to have ou to welcome you among us tonightil compte beaucoup d'artistes au nombre de ou parmi ses amis he numbers many artists among his friends9. [s'attendre à] to expect10. [avoir l'intention de] to intendcompter faire quelque chose to intend to do something, to mean to do something, to plan to do something11. [prévoir] to allowil faut compter entre 14 et 20 euros pour un repas you have to allow between 14 and 20 euros for a mealje compte qu'il y a un bon quart d'heure de marche/une journée de travail I reckon there's a good quarter of an hour's walk/there's a day's workil faudra deux heures pour y aller, en comptant large it will take two hours to get there, at the most————————[kɔ̃te] verbe intransitifsi je compte bien, tu me dois 345 francs if I've counted right ou according to my calculations, you owe me 345 francstu as dû mal compter you must have got your calculations wrong, you must have miscalculated2. [limiter ses dépenses] to be careful (with money)ce qui compte, c'est ta santé/le résultat the important thing is your health/the end result40 ans d'ancienneté, ça compte! 40 years' service counts for something!je prendrai ma décision seule! — alors moi, je ne compte pas? I'll make my own decision! — so I don't count ou matter, then?tu as triché, ça ne compte pas you cheated, it doesn't countà l'examen, la philosophie ne compte presque pas philosophy is a very minor subject in the examcompter double/triple to count double/triplecompter pour quelque chose/rien to count for something/nothingquand il est invité à dîner, il compte pour trois! when he's invited to dinner he eats enough for three!4. [figurer]elle compte parmi les plus grands pianistes de sa génération she is one of the greatest pianists of her generation————————compter avec verbe plus prépositiondésormais, il faudra compter avec l'opposition from now on, the opposition will have to be reckoned with————————compter sans verbe plus préposition————————compter sur verbe plus préposition[faire confiance à] to count ou to rely ou to depend on (inseparable)[espérer - venue, collaboration, événement] to count on (inseparable)c'est quelqu'un sur qui tu peux compter he's/she's a reliable personne compte pas trop sur la chance don't count ou rely too much on luckje peux sortir demain soir? — n'y compte pas! can I go out tomorrow night? — don't count ou bank on it!il ne faut pas trop y compter don't count on it, I wouldn't count on itcompter sur quelqu'un/quelque chose pour: compte sur lui pour aller tout répéter au patron! you can rely on him to go and tell the boss everything!si c'est pour lui jouer un mauvais tour, ne comptez pas sur moi! if you want to play a dirty trick on him, you can count me out!————————se compter verbe pronominalses succès ne se comptent plus her successes are innumerable ou are past counting————————se compter verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi)1. [s'estimer] to count ou to consider oneself2. [s'inclure dans un calcul] to count ou to include oneself————————à compter de locution prépositionnelleas from ou ofà compter du 7 mai as from ou of May 7thà compter de ce jour, nous ne nous sommes plus revus from that day on, we never saw each other again————————en comptant locution prépositionnelleil faut deux mètres de tissu en comptant l'ourlet you need two metres of material including ou if you include the hem————————sans compter locution adverbiale[généralementéreusement]donner sans compter to give generously ou without counting the cost————————sans compter locution prépositionnelle[sans inclure] not counting————————sans compter que locution conjonctiveil est trop tôt pour aller dormir, sans compter que je n'ai pas du tout sommeil it's too early to go to bed, quite apart from the fact that I'm not at all sleepy————————tout bien compté locution adverbiale -
49 coup
coup [ku]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque coup est suivi d'un complément de nom désignant une partie du corps ou un instrument, par exemple coup de pied, coup de téléphone, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━masculine nouna. ( = heurt, choc) blow• il a pris un coup sur la tête ( = il s'est cogné) he banged his head ; ( = on l'a frappé) he was hit on the head• en prendre un sacré coup (inf) [carrosserie] to have a nasty bang ; [personne, confiance, moral] to take a (real) knockb. (Sport, Jeux) (Cricket, golf, tennis) stroke ; (Boxing) punch ; (Shooting) shot ; (Chess) move ; (aux dés) throwc. [d'arme à feu] shotd. ( = habileté) avoir le coup to have the knack• attraper or prendre le coup to get the knacke. ( = bruit) knockf. ( = événement) coup du sort blow dealt by fate• coup de chance or de bol (inf) stroke of luck• elle voulait cette maison, mais ils étaient plusieurs sur le coup (inf) she wanted that house but there were several people after it (inf)• c'est un coup à se tuer ! (inf) you could get yourself killed doing that!i. ( = boisson) (inf) aller boire un coup to go and have something to drink ; (au café) to go for a drinkj. ( = partenaire sexuel) (vulg!) être un bon coup to be a good lay (vulg!)• le théâtre ne fonctionne qu'à coups de subventions ( = au moyen de) the theatre can only function thanks to subsidies► à coup sûr definitely• être dans le coup (impliqué) to be in on it (inf) ; (au courant) to know all about it ; (à la page) to be with it (inf)► du premier coup [reconnaître, voir] straight away• il a eu son permis de conduire du premier coup he passed his driving test first time► pour le coup• là, pour le coup, il m'a étonné he really surprised me there► sous le coup de* * *kuNote: Les expressions comme coup de barre, coup de maître, coup de téléphone etc seront normalement dans le dictionnaire sous le deuxième élément donc respectivement sous barre, maître, téléphone etcnom masculin1) ( choc physique) ( neutre) knock; ( brutal) blow, whack (colloq); (dur, par accident) bang; ( qui entaille) stroke; ( d'un mouvement tranchant) chop; ( du plat de la main) smack; ( sec et rapide) rap; ( léger et direct) tap; ( léger et fouettant) flick; ( de la pointe) poke, prod, jabd'un coup de hache — [couper, tuer] with a single blow from an axe GB ou ax US
à coups de hache — [couper, tuer] with an axe GB ou ax US
donner un coup de quelque chose à quelqu'un — gén to hit ou strike somebody with something
donner un coup de poing/pied/couteau à quelqu'un — to punch/kick/stab somebody
prendre un coup — [personne, voiture] to get a knock
en avoir pris un coup — (colloq) fig ( être très abîmé) to have taken (quite) a punishing
rendre coup pour coup — lit to fight back; fig to give tit for tat
en venir aux coups — to come to blows ( pour over)
les trois coups — Théâtre three knocks signalling [BrE] that the curtain is about to rise
2) ( choc moral) gén blow; ( plus modéré) knockporter un coup (sévère) à — to deal [somebody/something] a (severe) blow [personne, organisation]
en cas de coup dur — ( accident) should anything really bad happen; ( difficulté) if things get rough
ça m'a donné un (sacré) coup — (colloq) it gave me an awful shock
sous le coup de la fatigue/peur — out of tiredness/fear
3) ( bruit) gén knock; ( retentissant) bang; ( sourd) thump, thudsur le coup de dix heures — (colloq) around ten
4) ( mouvement rapide)se donner un (petit) coup de brosse/peigne — to give one's hair a (quick) brush/comb GB, to brush/comb one's hair (quickly)
5) Jeux, Sport (au tennis, golf, cricket) gén stroke; ( qu'on juge) shot; (aux échecs, dames) move; ( aux dés) throw; ( à la boxe) blow, punch; ( au karaté) ( du poing) punch; ( du tranchant) chop; ( du pied) kicktous les coups sont permis — lit, fig no holds barred
coup défendu — Jeux, Sport foul
6) ( d'arme à feu) (décharge, détonation) shot; ( munition) roundblesser quelqu'un d'un coup de fusil or pistolet — to shoot and wound somebody
tuer quelqu'un d'un coup de fusil or pistolet — to shoot somebody dead
7) (colloq) ( action organisée) ( opération illégale) job (colloq), racket (colloq); ( vilain tour) trick (colloq); ( manœuvre) movemonter un coup — to plan a job (colloq)
coup monté! — set-up! (colloq)
il a raté son coup — (colloq) he blew it (colloq)
être dans le coup — ( impliqué) to be in on it; ( au courant) to be up to date, to know what's going on
tu n'es plus dans le coup! — fig you're behind the times!
être/rester hors du coup — ( non impliqué) to have/to keep one's nose clean (colloq)
8) (fois, moment)du premier coup — ( immédiatement) straight off; ( à la première tentative) at the first attempt
(encore) un coup pour rien — no go again (colloq)
à chaque coup, à tout coup, à tous les coups — every time
ce coup-ci/-là — this/that time
du coup — (colloq) as a result
du même coup — (colloq) by the same token
pour le coup — (colloq) this time
après coup — afterwards, in restropect
tout d'un coup, tout à coup — suddenly, all of a sudden
d'un coup, d'un seul coup — just like that
en un seul coup — in one go (colloq)
sur le coup — ( à ce moment-là) at the time; ( immédiatement) instantly, on the spot
9) (colloq) ( boisson) drinkdonne-moi encore un petit coup de gin — give me another shot (colloq) of gin
•Phrasal Verbs:- coup bas••tenir le coup — ( résister à l'épreuve) [personne] to make it (colloq); [véhicule, chaussures] to last out; [lien, réparation] to hold; ( ne pas abandonner) [personne] to hold on; [armée] to hold out; ( faire face) to cope
en mettre un coup — (colloq) to give it all one's got (colloq)
être aux cent coups — (colloq) to be worried sick (colloq), to be in a state (colloq)
faire les quatre cents coups — (colloq) to be up to no good
attraper le coup pour faire quelque chose — (colloq) to get the knack of doing something; pierre
* * *ku nm1) (donné par qn ou qch) blow2) [fusil, pistolet, revolver] shottuer qn à coups de fusil — to shoot sb dead (with a rifle)
tué à coups de fusil — shot dead (with a rifle)
tuer qn à coups de revolver — to shoot sb dead (with a handgun)
blessé à coups de revolver — shot and wounded (with a handgun)
3) (= bruit) [horloge]4) (affectif) blow, shock5) (= mouvement) strokedonner un coup de balai — to sweep up, to give the floor a sweep
donner un coup de chiffon — to dust, to do some dusting
6) (= accès) wave8) TENNIS shot9) FOOTBALL kickSee:10) BOXE punch, blow11) (= fois) timedu premier coup — first time, at the first attempt
Il a été reçu au permis du premier coup. — He passed his driving test first time.
Je me trompe de rue à tous les coups. — I get the street wrong every time.
d'un seul coup (= subitement) — suddenly, (= à la fois) at one go
12) ÉCHECS moveêtre dans le coup (= à la page) — to be with it
à coup sûr — definitely, without fail
Après coup j'ai regretté de m'être mis en colère. — Afterwards I was sorry I'd lost my temper.
sur le coup; Il est mort sur le coup. — He died instantly.
Sur le coup je ne l'ai pas reconnu. — I didn't recognize him at first.
sous le coup de; agir sous le coup de la colère — to do sth out of anger
* * *coup nm Les expressions comme coup de barre, coup de maître, coup de téléphone etc seront normalement dans le dictionnaire sous le deuxième élément, donc respectivement sous barre, maître, téléphone etc.1 ( choc physique) ( neutre) knock; ( brutal) blow, whack○; (dur, par accident) bang; ( qui entaille) stroke; ( d'un mouvement tranchant) chop; ( du plat de la main) smack; ( sec et rapide) rap; ( léger et direct) tap; ( léger et fouettant) flick; ( de la pointe) poke, prod, jab; coup sur la tête knock ou blow ou bang on the head; coup à la porte knock at the door; coup de marteau hammer blow; d'un coup de hache [couper, tuer] with a single blow from an axe GB ou ax US; à coups de hache/machette [couper, tuer] with an axe GB ou ax US/a machete; frapper qn à coups de gourdin to club sb, to beat sb with a club; assommer qn à coups de gourdin to knock sb senseless with a club; tuer qn à coups de gourdin to club sb to death; casser qch à coups de gourdin to take a club to sth; casser la porte à (grands) coups de marteau to break down the door with a hammer; à coups de dollars by forking out dollars; à coups de subventions by means of subsidies; fièvre combattue à coups d'antibiotiques fever controlled with antibiotics; disperser des manifestants à coups de gaz lacrymogène to disperse demonstrators by using ou with teargas; sous le coup d'un embargo under an embargo; céder sous les coups de l'ennemi to cave in under enemy pressure; donner or porter un coup à qn/qch gén to hit sb/sth; donner un coup de qch à qn gén to hit ou strike sb with sth; donner un coup de poing/pied/coude/dents/couteau à qn to punch/kick/nudge/bite/stab sb; recevoir un coup [personne] to get hit; recevoir un coup de qch gén to get hit with sth; recevoir un coup de poing/pied/coude/couteau to be punched/kicked/nudged/stabbed; prendre un coup [personne, appareil, voiture] to get a knock; en avoir pris un coup○ ( être très abîmé) to have taken (quite) a punishing; rendre un coup to hit back; rendre coup pour coup lit to fight back; fig to give tit for tat; en venir aux coups to come to blows (pour over); frapper trois coups à la porte to knock on the door three times, to give three knocks on the door; les trois coups Théât three knocks signallingGB that the curtain is about to rise;2 ( choc moral) gén blow; ( plus modéré) knock; porter un coup (sévère) à to deal [sb/sth] a (severe) blow [personne, organisation, théorie]; être un coup terrible to be a terrible ou real blow (pour to); sa fierté en a pris un coup it was a blow to his/her pride; ce fut un coup dur pour eux/pour l'économie it was a great blow for ou to them/for ou to the economy; porter un coup très dur à qn to deal sb a major blow; en cas de coup dur ( accident) should anything really bad happen; ( difficulté) if things get rough; ça m'a donné un (sacré) coup○ it gave me an awful shock; sous le coup de la colère in (a fit of) anger; sous le coup de la fatigue/peur out of tiredness/fear; être sous le coup d'une forte émotion to be in a highly emotional state; tomber sous le coup d'une condamnation to be liable to conviction; être sous le coup d'une condamnation to have a conviction; être sous le coup d'une procédure d'extradition to be facing extradition proceedings; ⇒ mauvais;3 ( bruit) gén knock; ( retentissant) bang; ( sourd) thump, thud; j'ai entendu un coup à la porte I heard a knock at the door; au douzième coup de minuit on the last stroke of midnight; sur le coup de dix heures○ around ten; coup de gong stroke of a gong; coup de sifflet whistle blast; donner un coup de gong to strike the gong; donner un coup de sifflet to blow one's whistle;4 ( mouvement rapide) coup de brosse/peigne brush/comb; se donner un (petit) coup de brosse/peigne to give one's hair a (quick) brush/comb GB, to brush/comb one's hair (quickly); donner un (petit) coup d'aspirateur à une pièce to give a room a (quick) hoover® GB, to vacuum a room (quickly); donner un coup sur la table to dust the table; les volets ont besoin d'un coup de peinture the shutters need a lick of paint; d'un coup d'aile with a flap of its wings;5 Jeux, Sport (au tennis, golf, cricket) gén stroke; ( dont on juge) shot; (aux échecs, dames) move; ( aux dés) throw; ( à la boxe) blow, punch; ( au karaté) ( du poing) punch; ( du tranchant) chop; ( du pied) kick; tous les coups sont permis lit, fig no holds barred; coup défendu Jeux, Sport foul;6 ( d'arme à feu) (décharge, détonation) shot; ( munition) round; chasser qn à coups de fusil to scare sb off with gunshots; blesser qn d'un coup de fusil or pistolet to shoot and wound sb; tuer qn d'un coup de fusil or pistolet to shoot sb dead;7 ○( action organisée) ( opération illégale) job○, racket○; ( vilain tour) trick○; ( manœuvre) move; monter un coup to plan a job○, to set up a racket○; c'est encore un coup des enfants! the children have been up to their tricks again!; c'était un beau coup de vendre tes actions it was a good ou shrewd move to sell your shares; monter un coup contre qn gén to set sb up; ( en vue d'une fausse accusation) to frame sb; c'est un coup monté! it's a set-up○!; monter le coup à qn to pull a fast one on sb○; expliquer le coup à qn to put sb in the picture; mettre qn dans le coup to bring sb in on the job○, to cut sb in on the racket○ ou deal; ils m'ont mis sur or dans le coup they've let me in on it ou on the racket○ ou on the deal○; se mettre dans le coup to get in on the action○; mettre qn sur un coup to put sb in on a job○, to put sb onto a racket○; être sur un gros coup to be onto something big○; préparer un sale or mauvais coup to be up to mischief; manquer or rater○ or foirer◑ son coup to blow it○, not to pull it off; il a raté son coup○ he blew it○; réussir son coup to pull it off; être dans le coup ( impliqué) to be in on it ou on the racket○ ou on the deal○; ( au courant) to be up to date, to know what's going on, to know what's what○; tu n'es plus dans le coup! fig you're behind the times!; être/rester hors du coup ( non impliqué) to have/to keep one's nose clean○; être sur le coup ( opération d'envergure) to be in on it ou on the job○; qui a fait le coup? gén who did it?; ( opération minutieuse) whose work is it, who did the job?; elle m'a fait le coup de la veuve éplorée she did the weeping widow act with me; ce n'est pas la première fois qu'il me fait le coup it's not the first time he's done that to me;8 (fois, moment) essayer un coup/encore un coup to have a shot/another shot; du premier coup ( immédiatement) straight off; ( à la première tentative) at the first attempt; au deuxième/troisième coup at the second/third attempt; (encore) un coup pour rien no go again○; à chaque coup, à tout coup, à tous les coups every time; ce coup-ci/-là this/that time; du coup○ as a result; du même coup○ by the same token; pour le coup○ this time; après coup afterwards, in restropect; au coup par coup as things come; coup sur coup in succession; tout d'un coup, tout à coup suddenly, all of a sudden; d'un coup, d'un seul coup just like that; d'un seul coup d'un seul○ in one fell swoop; en un seul coup in one go○; sur le coup ( à ce moment-là) at the time; [mourir, tuer] instantly, on the spot; rigoler un bon coup to have a good laugh; pleure un bon coup have a good cry; mouche-toi un bon coup give your nose a good blow; respire un grand coup take a deep breath; boire à petits coups to sip; boire à grands coups to swig;9 ○( boisson) drink; viens, je te paye un coup (à boire) come on, I'll buy you a drink; un coup de rouge/blanc a glass of red/white wine; donne-moi encore un petit coup de gin give me another shot○ of gin;coup bas ( en boxe) blow ou punch below the belt; fig blow below the belt; c'était un coup bas fig that was below the belt; coups et blessures Jur assault and battery; coups et blessures volontaires malicious wounding ¢; coup droit ( au tennis) (forehand) drive; faire un coup droit ( au tennis) to drive; coup fourré dirty trick; coup franc ( au football) free kick.tenir le coup ( résister à l'épreuve) [personne] to make it○; [véhicule, appareil, chaussures] to last out; [lien, réparation] to hold; ( ne pas abandonner) [personne] to hold on; [forces, armée] to hold out; ( faire face) to cope; j'ai vu venir le coup I could see it coming; faire coup double to kill two birds with one stone; compter les coups ( rester neutre) to stay ou stand on the sidelines; en mettre un coup○ to give it all one's got○; être aux cent coups○ to be worried sick○, to be in a state○; faire les quatre cents coups○ to be up to no good; les coups sont bons mais rares○! any chance of another drop of wine?; avoir/attraper le coup pour faire qch○ to have/to get the knack of doing sth; tirer un or son coup● to have a screw●.[ku] nom masculinA.[HEURT, DÉFLAGRATION][avec le pied] kickelle a failli mourir sous ses coups he thrashed her to within an inch of her life, he nearly battered her to deathdonner un petit coup à ou sur quelque chose to tap something lightlyil frappait sur la porte à grands coups/à petits coups he banged on the door/he knocked gently at the doordonner un coup sur la table [avec le poing] to bang one's fist (down) on the tableen arriver ou en venir aux coups to come to blowsj'ai pris un coup sur la tête I got a knock ou a bang on the headles grandes surfaces ont porté un (rude) coup au petit commerce (figuré) small traders have been dealt a (severe) blow by large retail chainsa. [émotion] it gave me a shockb. [déception] it was a blowen prendre un coup (familier) : trois échecs d'affilée, son moral en a pris un coup with three successive failures, her morale has taken a bit of a bashingavec le krack boursier, l'économie en a pris un coup the economy has suffered a great deal from the crashtenir le coup: j'ai trop de travail, je ne sais pas si je tiendrai le coup I've got too much work, I don't know if I'll be able to copea. (sens propre) blow ou punch below the beltun coup de revolver a shot, a gunshota. [revolver] the gun went offb. [fusil] the rifle went offtirer un coup de canon to fire ou to blast a cannon[craquement] snapdes coups au carreau knocking ou knocks on the window[heure sonnée] stroke6. (vulgaire) [éjaculation]B.[GESTE, ACTION]1. [mouvement d'une partie du corps]coup de griffe ou patte2. [emploi d'un instrument]donner un (petit) coup de brosse/chiffon à quelque chose to give something a (quick) brush/wipeje vais me donner un coup de peigne I'll just comb my hair ou give my hair a (quick) combje viens pour un coup de peigne [chez le coiffeur] I just want a quick comb throughen deux coups de rame nous pouvons traverser la rivière we can cross the river in a couple of strokes3. [au golf, au billard] stroke4. (familier) [savoir-faire] knackah, tu as le coup pour mettre la pagaille! you really have a gift ou a knack for creating havoc, don't you!une fois que tu auras pris le coup, ça ira tout seul! you'll find it's very easy once you get used to it ou once you've got the knack!5. MÉTÉOROLOGIE6. [effet soudain] wavej'ai eu un coup de fatigue I suddenly felt tired, a wave of tiredness came over me7. (familier) [boisson] drinkj'ai le hoquet — bois un coup I've got (the) hiccups — drink something ou have a drink8. [lancer] throwelle a renversé toutes les boîtes de conserve en un seul coup she knocked down all the cans in one throw[aux dés] throw (of the dice)CARTES goa. [essai] it's a trial runb. [échec] it's a failureC.[ACTE OU SITUATION EXCEPTIONNELS]1. (familier) [mauvais tour] trick(faire) un mauvais ou sale coup (à quelqu'un) (to play) a dirty trick (on somebody)monter un coup contre quelqu'un to set somebody up, to frame somebodyfaire le coup de... à quelqu'un: il a essayé de me faire le coup de la panne he tried to pull the old running-out-of-petrol trick on mene me fais pas le coup de ne pas venir! now don't stand me up, will you!coup monté put-up job, frame-up2. (très familier & argot milieu) [vol, escroquerie] job3. (familier) [affaire]je veux l'acheter mais on est plusieurs sur le coup I want to buy it but there are several people interestedexpliquer le coup à quelqu'un to explain the situation ou set-up to somebodyil a manqué ou raté son coup he didn't pull it offc'est un coup à avoir un accident, ça! that's the sort of thing that causes accidents!combien crois-tu que ça va coûter? — oh, c'est un coup de 3 000 euros how much do you think it will cost? — oh, about 3,000 euros[personne - sexuellement] (vulgaire)4. [action remarquable, risquée] coupfaire un beau ou joli coup to pull a (real) coupquand il s'agit d'un gros coup, elle met la main à la pâte when it's something really important, she lends a handtenter le coup to have a go, to give it a tryc'est un coup à faire ou tenter it's worth trying ou a try5. [circonstance marquante]du premier coup first time, at the first attemptau prochain coup, tu vas y arriver you'll do it next time ou at your next goce coup-ci, on s'en va this time, we're off————————à coups de locution prépositionnellela productivité a été augmentée à coups de primes spéciales productivity was increased through ou by dint of special bonusesà coup sûr locution adverbiale————————après coup locution adverbialeson attitude, après coup, s'expliquait bien it was easy to explain her attitude afterwards ou in retrospectà tous les coups locution adverbiale1. [chaque fois] every time2. [sans aucun doute]à tous les coups, il a oublié he's bound to have forgottenau coup par coup locution adverbialecoup sur coup locution adverbialedans le coup (familier) locution adjectivalea. [complice] she's in on it ou involved in itb. [au courant] she knows all about itc. [à la page] she's hip ou with itmoi, je ne suis plus dans le coupa. [dans l'affaire] count me out ou leave me out of itb. [au courant] I'm a bit out of touch ou out of itdans le coup (familier) locution adverbiale————————du coup locution adverbialeelle ne pouvait pas venir, du coup j'ai reporté le dîner as she couldn't come, I put the dinner off, she couldn't come so I put the dinner off————————d'un (seul) coup locution adverbialeil a tout bu d'un coup he drank the whole lot in one go, he downed it in one2. [soudainement] all of a suddenj'ai eu envie de pleurer/de le gifler, ça m'a pris d'un coup (familier) I got a sudden urge to cry/to slap himpour le coup locution adverbialepour le coup, je ne savais plus quoi faire at that point, I didn't know what to do nextj'ai aussi failli renverser le lait, c'est pour le coup qu'il aurait été en colère! (familier) I nearly spilt the milk as well, he really would have been furious then!sous le coup de locution prépositionnellesous le coup de la colère, on dit des choses qu'on regrette après you often say things in anger which you regret latersur le coup locution adverbiale1. [mourir] instantlyje n'ai pas compris sur le coup I didn't understand immediately ou straightawaysur le coup de locution prépositionnellesur le coup de 6 h/de midi roundabout ou around 6 o'clock/midday————————coup d'aile nom masculincoup de balai nom masculincoup de barre nom masculincoup de chapeau nom masculincoup de cœur nom masculinavoir un ou le coup de cœur pour quelque chose to fall in love with something, to be really taken with somethingcoup de coude nom masculina. [en signe] to nudge somebodyb. [agressivement] to dig one's elbow into somebody————————coup d'éclat nom masculin————————coup d'État nom masculin[putsch] coup (d'état)coup de feu nom masculin1. [tir] shottirer un coup de feu to fire a shot, to shoot2. (figuré)→ link=coupcoup de téléphonecoup de filet nom masculin[suspects] haulcoup de foudre nom masculincoup de fouet nom masculina. (sens propre) to lash ou to whip somebody————————coup fourré nom masculin————————coup franc nom masculincoup de fusil nom masculin1. [acte] shoton entendait des coups de fusil you could hear shooting ou shots being fired2. (figuré)on y mange bien, mais après c'est le coup de fusil! it's a good restaurant, but the bill is a bit of a shock!coup de grâce nom masculin————————coup du lapin nom masculin[coup] rabbit punch[dans un accident de voiture] whiplash (substantif non comptable)coup de main nom masculin1. [raid] smash-and-grab (attack)2. [aide]donner un coup de main à quelqu'un to give ou to lend somebody a hand3. [savoir-faire]avoir le coup de main to have the knack ou the touch————————coup d'œil nom masculinelle s'en rendit compte au premier coup d'œil she noticed straight away ou immediately ou at a glancedonner ou jeter un petit coup d'œil à to have a quick look ou glance atd'un coup d'œil, il embrassa le tableau he took in the situation at a glance2. [panorama] viewcoup de pied nom masculin[d'une personne, d'un cheval] kickdonner un coup de pied à quelqu'un/dans quelque chose to kick somebody/somethingcoup de poing nom masculindonner un coup de poing à quelqu'un to give somebody a punch, to punch somebodyfaire le coup de poing to brawl, to fightcoup de poing adjectif invariable‘opération coup de poing’ ‘prices slashed’coup de poker nom masculinon peut tenter la chose, mais c'est un coup de poker we can try it but it's a bit riskycoup de pompe nom masculincoup de pouce nom masculincoup de sang nom masculincoup de soleil nom masculinsunburn (substantif non comptable)prendre ou attraper un coup de soleil to get sunburnt————————coup du sort nom masculin[favorable] stroke of luck[défavorable] stroke of bad luckcoup de téléphone nom masculindonner ou passer un coup de téléphone to make a callrecevoir un coup de téléphone to receive ou to get a phone callcoup de tête nom masculin1. [dans une bagarre] head buttcoup de théâtre nom masculinet alors, coup de théâtre, on lui demande de démissionner and then, out of the blue, he was asked to resigncoup de torchon nom masculin(familier) [bagarre] fist-fightcoup de vent nom masculin1. [rafale] gust (of wind)2. (locution)en coup de vent in a flash ou a whirlentrer/partir en coup de vent to rush in/off -
50 dispositif
dispositif [dispozitif]masculine nouna. ( = mécanisme) deviceb. ( = moyens prévus) dispositif d'attaque plan of attack• dispositif de contrôle/défense/surveillance control/defence/surveillance system• un important dispositif de sécurité a été mis en place a major security operation has been mounted* * *dispozitifnom masculin2) ( ensemble de mesures) operation* * *dispozitif nm1) (= appareil) device2) (= organisation, plan) system, plan of action3) (dans un règlement, une législation) provisionCe cas est heureusement prévu par un nouveau dispositif qui vient d'entrer en vigueur. — This case is fortunately covered by a new provision that has just come into force.
4) DROIT, [jugement] pronouncement* * *dispositif nm1 ( mécanisme) device; ( système) system; dispositif d'alarme/de sécurité warning/safety device; dispositif électronique/optique electronic/optical device; dispositif de commande control system;2 ( ensemble de mesures) operation; un imposant dispositif policier a été mis en place a large-scale police operation was set up; dispositif militaire/de défense/financier military/defenceGB/financial operation; le dispositif de sécurité mis en place pour la venue du président the security operation for the president's visit;[dispozitif] nom masculindispositif d'alarme/de sûreté alarm/safety device[acte, traité] purview -
51 परामर्श
parā-marṡam. seizing, pulling ( keṡa-, by the hair) MBh. ;
bending orᅠ drawing (of a bow) R. ;
violation, injury, assault, attack MBh. R. Kād. ;
affection (by disease etc.) MārkP. ;
remembrance, recollection Vedântas. ;
referring orᅠ pointing touched Sāh. ;
reflection, consideration, judgment MBh. Bhāshāp. ;
(in logic) inference, conclusion, drawing conclusions from analogy orᅠ experience, knowledge of the minor premiss in its connection with the major;
N. of wk.;
- kāraṇapakshatā-vāda m. - karya-kāraṇa-bhāva-vicāra m.
- grantha m. - grantha-rahasya n. - ṭippanī f.
- pūrva-paksha-grantka-ṭīkā f. (- thakroḍa m.
- tha-dīdhiti-ṭīkā f. - tha-prakāṡa m. - tha-vivecana n.
-thâ̱nugama m.), - pūrvapaksha-rahasya n. - rahasya n.
- vāda m. -vādâ̱rtha m. - vicāra m.
-siddhâ̱nta-grantha-ṭīkā f. (- tha-kroḍa m.
- tha-prakāṡa m. - tha-vivecana n. -thâ̱loka, m.),
-siddhâ̱nta-rahasya n. - hetutā-vicāra m. N. of wks.
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52 Hammer
Ham·mer <-s, Hämmer> [ʼhamɐ, pl ʼhɛmɐ] m1) ( Werkzeug) hammer3) anat hammer, malleus4) mus hammer6) ( Unverschämtheit) outrageous thingWENDUNGEN:zwischen Amboss und \Hammer geraten to be under attack from both sides;\Hammer und Sichel hammer and sickle;du hast einen \Hammer! (sl) you must be round the bend! ( Brit) (sl), you must be off your rocker! (Am) (sl)das ist ein \Hammer! (sl) that's fantastic!;ein \Hammer sein (sl) to be absurd;diese Unterstellung ist ja ein dicker \Hammer! this insinuation is really absurd!; -
53 generaln|y
adj. 1. (powszechny, całościowy) [zasada, strajk, przegląd] general- generalny remont major renovation- generalny atak an all-out attack2. (ogólny) [zasada, zastrzeżenie, linia postępowania] general 3. (naczelny) [dyrektor, prokurator, konsultant, sekretarz] generalThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > generaln|y
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54 kierun|ek
m (G kierunku) 1. (strona) direction C/U- iść w kierunku centrum to go toward the town centre- patrzeć w kierunku rzeki to look in the direction of the river, to look towards the river- spojrzał w moim kierunku he looked toward me a. in my direction- wiatr z kierunku wschodniego/południowo-wschodniego an easterly/south-easterly wind, wind out of the east/south-east- w kierunku południowym/północnym (to the) south/north, in a southerly/northerly direction- widok w kierunku południowym/północnym the view to the south/north- idź w kierunku południowym/północnym go south/north- droga/rzeka biegnie dalej w kierunku południowym/północnym the road/river continues in a southerly/northerly direction- jedziemy w przeciwnym kierunku (niż ktoś inny) we’re going the other way; (niewłaściwym) we’re going the wrong way a. in the wrong direction- w kierunku przeciwnym do ruchu wskazówek zegara anticlockwise a. in an anticlockwise direction GB, counterclockwise a. in a counterclockwise direction US- w kierunku ruchu wskazówek zegara clockwise, in a clockwise direction- zmienić kierunek to change direction- busola wskazywała mu kierunek he used a compass to establish a course- wskazywać/ustalać kierunek to show/establish (the) direction- kierunek wiatru the direction of the wind- na tej drodze obowiązuje jeden kierunek ruchu this is a one-way street- szosa w kierunku Katowic the road to a. for Katowice, the Katowice road- szosa z kierunku Rzeszowa the road from Rzeszów- ruch w kierunku Wrocławia Wrocław-bound traffic2. (postępowanie) trend, direction- kierunki polityki zagranicznej trends in foreign policy- projekt ustawy zmierza w kierunku zliberalizowania kodeksu handlowego the bill aims to liberalize the commercial code3. (w sztuce, muzyce, literaturze) movement, trend; (w nauce) trend, direction- kierunek literacki zwany symbolizmem the literary movement known as symbolism- nowe kierunki w lingwistyce new trends a. directions in linguistics- kierunek studiów Uniw. (przedmiot) subject, field of study, major US4. Wojsk. line- kierunek ataku a line of attack■ pod czyimś kierunkiem under sb’s directionThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > kierun|ek
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55 coup
n. m. When one takes a broad look at the word coup, it soon becomes obvious that its many diverse uses and combined expressions come under three main categories.(A): Blow (in the literal and figurative).1. En venir aux coups: To come to blows.2. Coup de boule: 'Head-butt', blow inflicted with the head in opponent's belly.3. Le coup du lapin: Blow on the back of the neck.4. Coup de Jarnac: Treacherous blow, disloyal attack.5. Le coup du père François: Strangulation.6. Coup de Trafalgar: Disastrous turn of events.7. Coup de châsse: 'Quick butchers', peep, quick look.8. Coup de filet: Dragnet, police raid.10. Coup de torchon: 'Barney', heated argument.11. Tirer un coup: To fuck, to 'screw', to have intercourse. Coup de Bourse (joc.): Intercourse. (The pun here is on the word Bourse meaning both the Stock Exchange and testicle; the standard non-colloquial expression denotes a successful flutter on the Stock Exchange.)12. Coup de fil: 'Buzz', 'ring', telephone call.13. Coup dur: Serious setback. La vie pour lui a été une succession de coups durs: It's just been one blow after another for him all his life.15. Faire les quatre cents coups: To 'burn the candle at both ends', to lead a fast life.(B): Dose, measure, quantity.1. Boire un coup: To have a drink.2. En avoir un coup (also: avoir un coup dans l'aile): To be 'squiffy', 'tipsy', to be slightly drunk.3. En mettre un coup (of work): To 'do one's darnedest', to 'put one's back into it', to make an extra effort.4. Tenir le coup: To stand the pace, to weather the storm. Il n'a qu'à tenir le coup comme les autres: He'll just have to grin and bear it like the rest of us.5. Faire quelque chose en trois coups de cuiller a pot: To do something 'in two shakes of a lamb's tail', double-quick.6. Ne pas en ficher un coup: To do 'fuck-all', to be darned lazy.7. Coup de pot: Stroke of luck.8. Prendre un coup de vieux: To age considerably over a short period of time.9. Coup de fusil (at restaurant): Exorbitant bill. On a eu droit à un de ces coups de fusil carabinés: The bill we got looked like the balance of payments deficit!10. Coup de pouce: Help, assistance. Donner un coup de pouce a quelqu'un: To give someone a shove in the right direction. (C): Knack, trick.11. Avoir le coup: To have the knack. Il a le coup pour draguer les nanas! He certainly knows how to pull the birds!12. Etre au coup: To 'know the score', to 'know the ropes', to be familiar with the workings of something.13. Etre dans le coup: To be 'in on something', to be involved in something.14. Expliquer le coup (to accomplices): To divulge the plan.15. Faire le coup a quelqu'un: To play the trick on someone. Il m'a fait le coup du 'portefeuille dans l'autre veston': He got money out of me with that age-old 'I forgot my wallet' dodge.16. Monter un coup: To engineer a confidence trick. On a monté un coup fumant: That con was a cracker!17. Coup d'arnac: Fraud, swindle.18. Le coup classique: That old, old trick.19. Coup fourré: 'Major cock-up', big blunder. -
56 compraehendo
com-prĕhendo ( conp-; also com-prendo, very freq. in MSS. and edd.; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 21. In MSS. also comprae-hendo and compraendo, v. prehendo), di, sum, 3, v. a., to lay hold of something on all sides; to take or catch hold of, seize, grasp, apprehend; to comprehend, comprise (class. in prose and poetry).I.Prop.A.In gen.:B.quid (opus est) manibus, si nihil comprehendendum est?
Cic. N. D. 1, 33, 92:(vulva) non multo major quam ut manu comprehendatur,
Cels. 4, 1 fin.:cum (forfex) dentem comprehendere non possit,
id. 7, 12, 1:mordicus manum eorum (elephantorum),
Plin. 9, 15, 17, § 46:morsu guttura,
Luc. 4, 727:nuces modio,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 3:naves,
to join one to another, fasten together, Liv. 30, 10, 5; cf.:oras vulneris suturae comprehendunt,
Cels. 7, 4, 3:comprehendunt utrumque et orant,
Caes. B. G. 5, 31:ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago,
Verg. A. 2, 794; cf.aures,
Tib. 2, 5, 92:nisi quae validissima (ovis), non comprehendatur (sc. stabulis) hieme,
let none but the strongest be kept in the winter, Col. 7, 3, 15 Schneid.:naves in flumine Vulturno comprehensae,
assembled together, put under an embargo, Liv. 26, 7, 9; so id. 29, 24, 9; Suet. Tib. 38; id. Calig. 39:ignem,
to take, catch, Caes. B. G. 5, 43;and in a reverse constr.: ignis robora comprendit,
Verg. G. 2, 305; cf.:opera flammā comprehensa,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 43; and:avidis comprenditur ignibus agger,
Ov. M. 9, 234:loca vallo,
Front. 2, 11, 7; and absol.:comprehensa aedificia,
Liv. 26, 27, 3.—In partic.1.To attack, seize upon in a hostile manner, to seize, lay hold of, arrest, catch, apprehend:* b.aliquem pro moecho Comprehendere et constringere,
Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 23; 5, 1, 20:tam capitalem hostem,
Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:hominem,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4, § 14:nefarios duces,
id. Cat. 3, 7, 16:Virginium,
Liv. 3, 48, 6; cf. id. 1, 41, 1:praesidium Punicum,
id. 26, 14, 7:hunc comprehenderant atque in vincula conjecerant,
Caes. B. G. 4, 27; 5, 25:in fugā,
id. ib. 5, 21.—Rarely of disease:comprehensus morbo,
Just. 23, 2, 4; cf.:comprehensi pestiferā lue,
id. 32, 3, 9.—Of places, to occupy, seize upon:aliis comprehensis collibus munitiones perfecerunt,
Caes. B. C. 3, 46 fin. —Of things, to intercept' -epistulas, Just. 20, 5, 12.—2.To seize upon one, to apprehend him in any crime:b.fures,
Cat. 62, 35.—With inf.: qui interesse concentibus interdictis fuerint comprehensi, Cod. Th. 16, 4, 5.—Hence,Transf. to the crime:3.nefandum adulterium,
to discover, detect it, Cic. Mil. 27, 72:res ejus indicio,
id. Clu. 16, 47.—Of plants, to take root; of a graft:4.cum comprehendit (surculus),
Varr. R. R. 1, 40 fin.; so,in gen.,
Col. 3, 5, 1; 5, 6, 18; Pall. Jan. 13, 5.—Of women, to conceive, become pregnant, = concipere:5.si mulier non comprehendit, etc.,
Cels. 5, 21 fin. —Of a space, to contain, comprise, comprehend, include:6.ut nuces integras, quas uno modio comprehendere possis,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 3:circuitus ejus triginta et duo stadia comprehendit,
Curt. 6, 6, 24. —In late medic. lang., of medicines, to combine:7.aliquid melle,
Veg. Art. Vet. 6, 27, 1; Scrib. Comp. 88; 227 al.—Of the range of a missile:8.quantum impulsa valet comprehendere lancea nodo,
Sil. 4, 102.—Of the reach of a surgical instrument:II.si vitium in angusto est, quod comprehendere modiolus possit,
Cels. 8, 3 init. —Trop.A.To comprehend by the sense of sight, to perceive, observe, see (very rare):B.aliquid visu,
Sil. 3, 408;and without visu: comprehendere vix litterarum apices,
Gell. 13, 30, 10.—To comprehend something intellectually, to receive into one's mind, to grasp, perceive, comprehend; with abl.: si quam opinionem jam mentibus vestris comprehendistis: si eam ratio convellet, si oratio labefactabit, etc., if any opinion has already taken root in your mind (the figure taken from the rooting of plants; v. supra, I. B. 3.), Cic. Clu. 2, 6:C.omnes animo virtutes,
id. Balb. 1, 3; id. N. D. 3, 25, 64:animo haec tenemus comprehensa, non sensibus,
id. Ac. 2, 7, 21 sq.:omnia animis et cogitatione,
id. Fl. 27, 66; cf. id. de Or. 2, 31, 136:aliquid mente,
id. N. D. 3, 8, 21:aliquid memoriā,
id. Tusc. 5, 41, 121:qualis animus sit vacans corpore, intellegere et cogitatione comprehendere,
id. ib. 1, 22, 50:aliquid certis signis,
Col. 6, 24, 3:aliquid experimentis assiduis,
Pall. 2, 13, 8.—Without abl.:esse aliquid, quod conprehendi et percipi posset,
Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 17; 2, 6, 18:virtutum cognitio confirmat percipi et conprehendi multa posse,
id. ib. 2, 8, 23; 1, 11, 42.—To comprehend or include in words; to comprise in discourse or in writing, to express, describe, recount, narrate, etc.:2.breviter paucis comprendere multa,
Lucr. 6, 1082; cf.:breviter comprehensa sententia,
Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 20; Quint. 9, 3, 91:comprehendam brevi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 34:perinde ac si in hanc formulam omnia judicia conclusa et comprehensa sint,
id. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:(Cato) verbis luculentioribus et pluribus rem eandem comprehenderat,
id. Att. 12, 21, 1:ipsa natura circumscriptione quādam verborum comprehendit concluditque sententiam,
id. Brut. 8, 34:in eā (terrā) enim et lapis et harena et cetera ejus generis sunt in nominando comprehensa,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 1:emplastra quoque, quae supra comprehensa sunt,
Cels. 5, 27, 3; so absol.:ad veterum rerum nostrarum memoriam comprehendendam impulsi sumus,
Cic. Brut. 5, 19:aliquid dictis,
Ov. M. 13, 160:quae si comprendere coner,
id. Tr. 5, 2, 27. —Poet.: aliquid numero, to number, enumerate:D.neque enim numero comprendere refert,
Verg. G. 2, 104; Ov. A. A. 2, 447; cf.:numerum quorum comprendere non est,
id. Tr. 5, 11, 19.—To comprehend any one in affection, to bind to one's self, to put under obligation, to embrace with kindness (rare;E.mostly in Cic.): multos amicitiā, tueri obsequio, etc.,
to have many friends, Cic. Cael. 6, 13:adulescentem humanitate tuā,
id. Fam. 13, 15, 3:quod omnibus officiis per se, per patrem, per majores suos totam Atinatem praefecturam comprehenderit,
id. Planc. 19. 47.—To shut in, include (late Lat.):spiritum in effigiem,
Lact. 4, 8, 9:elementorum figurae humanā specie comprehensae,
id. 2, 6, 1. -
57 compraendo
com-prĕhendo ( conp-; also com-prendo, very freq. in MSS. and edd.; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 21. In MSS. also comprae-hendo and compraendo, v. prehendo), di, sum, 3, v. a., to lay hold of something on all sides; to take or catch hold of, seize, grasp, apprehend; to comprehend, comprise (class. in prose and poetry).I.Prop.A.In gen.:B.quid (opus est) manibus, si nihil comprehendendum est?
Cic. N. D. 1, 33, 92:(vulva) non multo major quam ut manu comprehendatur,
Cels. 4, 1 fin.:cum (forfex) dentem comprehendere non possit,
id. 7, 12, 1:mordicus manum eorum (elephantorum),
Plin. 9, 15, 17, § 46:morsu guttura,
Luc. 4, 727:nuces modio,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 3:naves,
to join one to another, fasten together, Liv. 30, 10, 5; cf.:oras vulneris suturae comprehendunt,
Cels. 7, 4, 3:comprehendunt utrumque et orant,
Caes. B. G. 5, 31:ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago,
Verg. A. 2, 794; cf.aures,
Tib. 2, 5, 92:nisi quae validissima (ovis), non comprehendatur (sc. stabulis) hieme,
let none but the strongest be kept in the winter, Col. 7, 3, 15 Schneid.:naves in flumine Vulturno comprehensae,
assembled together, put under an embargo, Liv. 26, 7, 9; so id. 29, 24, 9; Suet. Tib. 38; id. Calig. 39:ignem,
to take, catch, Caes. B. G. 5, 43;and in a reverse constr.: ignis robora comprendit,
Verg. G. 2, 305; cf.:opera flammā comprehensa,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 43; and:avidis comprenditur ignibus agger,
Ov. M. 9, 234:loca vallo,
Front. 2, 11, 7; and absol.:comprehensa aedificia,
Liv. 26, 27, 3.—In partic.1.To attack, seize upon in a hostile manner, to seize, lay hold of, arrest, catch, apprehend:* b.aliquem pro moecho Comprehendere et constringere,
Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 23; 5, 1, 20:tam capitalem hostem,
Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:hominem,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4, § 14:nefarios duces,
id. Cat. 3, 7, 16:Virginium,
Liv. 3, 48, 6; cf. id. 1, 41, 1:praesidium Punicum,
id. 26, 14, 7:hunc comprehenderant atque in vincula conjecerant,
Caes. B. G. 4, 27; 5, 25:in fugā,
id. ib. 5, 21.—Rarely of disease:comprehensus morbo,
Just. 23, 2, 4; cf.:comprehensi pestiferā lue,
id. 32, 3, 9.—Of places, to occupy, seize upon:aliis comprehensis collibus munitiones perfecerunt,
Caes. B. C. 3, 46 fin. —Of things, to intercept' -epistulas, Just. 20, 5, 12.—2.To seize upon one, to apprehend him in any crime:b.fures,
Cat. 62, 35.—With inf.: qui interesse concentibus interdictis fuerint comprehensi, Cod. Th. 16, 4, 5.—Hence,Transf. to the crime:3.nefandum adulterium,
to discover, detect it, Cic. Mil. 27, 72:res ejus indicio,
id. Clu. 16, 47.—Of plants, to take root; of a graft:4.cum comprehendit (surculus),
Varr. R. R. 1, 40 fin.; so,in gen.,
Col. 3, 5, 1; 5, 6, 18; Pall. Jan. 13, 5.—Of women, to conceive, become pregnant, = concipere:5.si mulier non comprehendit, etc.,
Cels. 5, 21 fin. —Of a space, to contain, comprise, comprehend, include:6.ut nuces integras, quas uno modio comprehendere possis,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 3:circuitus ejus triginta et duo stadia comprehendit,
Curt. 6, 6, 24. —In late medic. lang., of medicines, to combine:7.aliquid melle,
Veg. Art. Vet. 6, 27, 1; Scrib. Comp. 88; 227 al.—Of the range of a missile:8.quantum impulsa valet comprehendere lancea nodo,
Sil. 4, 102.—Of the reach of a surgical instrument:II.si vitium in angusto est, quod comprehendere modiolus possit,
Cels. 8, 3 init. —Trop.A.To comprehend by the sense of sight, to perceive, observe, see (very rare):B.aliquid visu,
Sil. 3, 408;and without visu: comprehendere vix litterarum apices,
Gell. 13, 30, 10.—To comprehend something intellectually, to receive into one's mind, to grasp, perceive, comprehend; with abl.: si quam opinionem jam mentibus vestris comprehendistis: si eam ratio convellet, si oratio labefactabit, etc., if any opinion has already taken root in your mind (the figure taken from the rooting of plants; v. supra, I. B. 3.), Cic. Clu. 2, 6:C.omnes animo virtutes,
id. Balb. 1, 3; id. N. D. 3, 25, 64:animo haec tenemus comprehensa, non sensibus,
id. Ac. 2, 7, 21 sq.:omnia animis et cogitatione,
id. Fl. 27, 66; cf. id. de Or. 2, 31, 136:aliquid mente,
id. N. D. 3, 8, 21:aliquid memoriā,
id. Tusc. 5, 41, 121:qualis animus sit vacans corpore, intellegere et cogitatione comprehendere,
id. ib. 1, 22, 50:aliquid certis signis,
Col. 6, 24, 3:aliquid experimentis assiduis,
Pall. 2, 13, 8.—Without abl.:esse aliquid, quod conprehendi et percipi posset,
Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 17; 2, 6, 18:virtutum cognitio confirmat percipi et conprehendi multa posse,
id. ib. 2, 8, 23; 1, 11, 42.—To comprehend or include in words; to comprise in discourse or in writing, to express, describe, recount, narrate, etc.:2.breviter paucis comprendere multa,
Lucr. 6, 1082; cf.:breviter comprehensa sententia,
Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 20; Quint. 9, 3, 91:comprehendam brevi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 34:perinde ac si in hanc formulam omnia judicia conclusa et comprehensa sint,
id. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:(Cato) verbis luculentioribus et pluribus rem eandem comprehenderat,
id. Att. 12, 21, 1:ipsa natura circumscriptione quādam verborum comprehendit concluditque sententiam,
id. Brut. 8, 34:in eā (terrā) enim et lapis et harena et cetera ejus generis sunt in nominando comprehensa,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 1:emplastra quoque, quae supra comprehensa sunt,
Cels. 5, 27, 3; so absol.:ad veterum rerum nostrarum memoriam comprehendendam impulsi sumus,
Cic. Brut. 5, 19:aliquid dictis,
Ov. M. 13, 160:quae si comprendere coner,
id. Tr. 5, 2, 27. —Poet.: aliquid numero, to number, enumerate:D.neque enim numero comprendere refert,
Verg. G. 2, 104; Ov. A. A. 2, 447; cf.:numerum quorum comprendere non est,
id. Tr. 5, 11, 19.—To comprehend any one in affection, to bind to one's self, to put under obligation, to embrace with kindness (rare;E.mostly in Cic.): multos amicitiā, tueri obsequio, etc.,
to have many friends, Cic. Cael. 6, 13:adulescentem humanitate tuā,
id. Fam. 13, 15, 3:quod omnibus officiis per se, per patrem, per majores suos totam Atinatem praefecturam comprehenderit,
id. Planc. 19. 47.—To shut in, include (late Lat.):spiritum in effigiem,
Lact. 4, 8, 9:elementorum figurae humanā specie comprehensae,
id. 2, 6, 1. -
58 comprehendo
com-prĕhendo ( conp-; also com-prendo, very freq. in MSS. and edd.; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 21. In MSS. also comprae-hendo and compraendo, v. prehendo), di, sum, 3, v. a., to lay hold of something on all sides; to take or catch hold of, seize, grasp, apprehend; to comprehend, comprise (class. in prose and poetry).I.Prop.A.In gen.:B.quid (opus est) manibus, si nihil comprehendendum est?
Cic. N. D. 1, 33, 92:(vulva) non multo major quam ut manu comprehendatur,
Cels. 4, 1 fin.:cum (forfex) dentem comprehendere non possit,
id. 7, 12, 1:mordicus manum eorum (elephantorum),
Plin. 9, 15, 17, § 46:morsu guttura,
Luc. 4, 727:nuces modio,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 3:naves,
to join one to another, fasten together, Liv. 30, 10, 5; cf.:oras vulneris suturae comprehendunt,
Cels. 7, 4, 3:comprehendunt utrumque et orant,
Caes. B. G. 5, 31:ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago,
Verg. A. 2, 794; cf.aures,
Tib. 2, 5, 92:nisi quae validissima (ovis), non comprehendatur (sc. stabulis) hieme,
let none but the strongest be kept in the winter, Col. 7, 3, 15 Schneid.:naves in flumine Vulturno comprehensae,
assembled together, put under an embargo, Liv. 26, 7, 9; so id. 29, 24, 9; Suet. Tib. 38; id. Calig. 39:ignem,
to take, catch, Caes. B. G. 5, 43;and in a reverse constr.: ignis robora comprendit,
Verg. G. 2, 305; cf.:opera flammā comprehensa,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 43; and:avidis comprenditur ignibus agger,
Ov. M. 9, 234:loca vallo,
Front. 2, 11, 7; and absol.:comprehensa aedificia,
Liv. 26, 27, 3.—In partic.1.To attack, seize upon in a hostile manner, to seize, lay hold of, arrest, catch, apprehend:* b.aliquem pro moecho Comprehendere et constringere,
Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 23; 5, 1, 20:tam capitalem hostem,
Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:hominem,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4, § 14:nefarios duces,
id. Cat. 3, 7, 16:Virginium,
Liv. 3, 48, 6; cf. id. 1, 41, 1:praesidium Punicum,
id. 26, 14, 7:hunc comprehenderant atque in vincula conjecerant,
Caes. B. G. 4, 27; 5, 25:in fugā,
id. ib. 5, 21.—Rarely of disease:comprehensus morbo,
Just. 23, 2, 4; cf.:comprehensi pestiferā lue,
id. 32, 3, 9.—Of places, to occupy, seize upon:aliis comprehensis collibus munitiones perfecerunt,
Caes. B. C. 3, 46 fin. —Of things, to intercept' -epistulas, Just. 20, 5, 12.—2.To seize upon one, to apprehend him in any crime:b.fures,
Cat. 62, 35.—With inf.: qui interesse concentibus interdictis fuerint comprehensi, Cod. Th. 16, 4, 5.—Hence,Transf. to the crime:3.nefandum adulterium,
to discover, detect it, Cic. Mil. 27, 72:res ejus indicio,
id. Clu. 16, 47.—Of plants, to take root; of a graft:4.cum comprehendit (surculus),
Varr. R. R. 1, 40 fin.; so,in gen.,
Col. 3, 5, 1; 5, 6, 18; Pall. Jan. 13, 5.—Of women, to conceive, become pregnant, = concipere:5.si mulier non comprehendit, etc.,
Cels. 5, 21 fin. —Of a space, to contain, comprise, comprehend, include:6.ut nuces integras, quas uno modio comprehendere possis,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 3:circuitus ejus triginta et duo stadia comprehendit,
Curt. 6, 6, 24. —In late medic. lang., of medicines, to combine:7.aliquid melle,
Veg. Art. Vet. 6, 27, 1; Scrib. Comp. 88; 227 al.—Of the range of a missile:8.quantum impulsa valet comprehendere lancea nodo,
Sil. 4, 102.—Of the reach of a surgical instrument:II.si vitium in angusto est, quod comprehendere modiolus possit,
Cels. 8, 3 init. —Trop.A.To comprehend by the sense of sight, to perceive, observe, see (very rare):B.aliquid visu,
Sil. 3, 408;and without visu: comprehendere vix litterarum apices,
Gell. 13, 30, 10.—To comprehend something intellectually, to receive into one's mind, to grasp, perceive, comprehend; with abl.: si quam opinionem jam mentibus vestris comprehendistis: si eam ratio convellet, si oratio labefactabit, etc., if any opinion has already taken root in your mind (the figure taken from the rooting of plants; v. supra, I. B. 3.), Cic. Clu. 2, 6:C.omnes animo virtutes,
id. Balb. 1, 3; id. N. D. 3, 25, 64:animo haec tenemus comprehensa, non sensibus,
id. Ac. 2, 7, 21 sq.:omnia animis et cogitatione,
id. Fl. 27, 66; cf. id. de Or. 2, 31, 136:aliquid mente,
id. N. D. 3, 8, 21:aliquid memoriā,
id. Tusc. 5, 41, 121:qualis animus sit vacans corpore, intellegere et cogitatione comprehendere,
id. ib. 1, 22, 50:aliquid certis signis,
Col. 6, 24, 3:aliquid experimentis assiduis,
Pall. 2, 13, 8.—Without abl.:esse aliquid, quod conprehendi et percipi posset,
Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 17; 2, 6, 18:virtutum cognitio confirmat percipi et conprehendi multa posse,
id. ib. 2, 8, 23; 1, 11, 42.—To comprehend or include in words; to comprise in discourse or in writing, to express, describe, recount, narrate, etc.:2.breviter paucis comprendere multa,
Lucr. 6, 1082; cf.:breviter comprehensa sententia,
Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 20; Quint. 9, 3, 91:comprehendam brevi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 34:perinde ac si in hanc formulam omnia judicia conclusa et comprehensa sint,
id. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:(Cato) verbis luculentioribus et pluribus rem eandem comprehenderat,
id. Att. 12, 21, 1:ipsa natura circumscriptione quādam verborum comprehendit concluditque sententiam,
id. Brut. 8, 34:in eā (terrā) enim et lapis et harena et cetera ejus generis sunt in nominando comprehensa,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 1:emplastra quoque, quae supra comprehensa sunt,
Cels. 5, 27, 3; so absol.:ad veterum rerum nostrarum memoriam comprehendendam impulsi sumus,
Cic. Brut. 5, 19:aliquid dictis,
Ov. M. 13, 160:quae si comprendere coner,
id. Tr. 5, 2, 27. —Poet.: aliquid numero, to number, enumerate:D.neque enim numero comprendere refert,
Verg. G. 2, 104; Ov. A. A. 2, 447; cf.:numerum quorum comprendere non est,
id. Tr. 5, 11, 19.—To comprehend any one in affection, to bind to one's self, to put under obligation, to embrace with kindness (rare;E.mostly in Cic.): multos amicitiā, tueri obsequio, etc.,
to have many friends, Cic. Cael. 6, 13:adulescentem humanitate tuā,
id. Fam. 13, 15, 3:quod omnibus officiis per se, per patrem, per majores suos totam Atinatem praefecturam comprehenderit,
id. Planc. 19. 47.—To shut in, include (late Lat.):spiritum in effigiem,
Lact. 4, 8, 9:elementorum figurae humanā specie comprehensae,
id. 2, 6, 1. -
59 conprehendo
com-prĕhendo ( conp-; also com-prendo, very freq. in MSS. and edd.; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 21. In MSS. also comprae-hendo and compraendo, v. prehendo), di, sum, 3, v. a., to lay hold of something on all sides; to take or catch hold of, seize, grasp, apprehend; to comprehend, comprise (class. in prose and poetry).I.Prop.A.In gen.:B.quid (opus est) manibus, si nihil comprehendendum est?
Cic. N. D. 1, 33, 92:(vulva) non multo major quam ut manu comprehendatur,
Cels. 4, 1 fin.:cum (forfex) dentem comprehendere non possit,
id. 7, 12, 1:mordicus manum eorum (elephantorum),
Plin. 9, 15, 17, § 46:morsu guttura,
Luc. 4, 727:nuces modio,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 3:naves,
to join one to another, fasten together, Liv. 30, 10, 5; cf.:oras vulneris suturae comprehendunt,
Cels. 7, 4, 3:comprehendunt utrumque et orant,
Caes. B. G. 5, 31:ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago,
Verg. A. 2, 794; cf.aures,
Tib. 2, 5, 92:nisi quae validissima (ovis), non comprehendatur (sc. stabulis) hieme,
let none but the strongest be kept in the winter, Col. 7, 3, 15 Schneid.:naves in flumine Vulturno comprehensae,
assembled together, put under an embargo, Liv. 26, 7, 9; so id. 29, 24, 9; Suet. Tib. 38; id. Calig. 39:ignem,
to take, catch, Caes. B. G. 5, 43;and in a reverse constr.: ignis robora comprendit,
Verg. G. 2, 305; cf.:opera flammā comprehensa,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 43; and:avidis comprenditur ignibus agger,
Ov. M. 9, 234:loca vallo,
Front. 2, 11, 7; and absol.:comprehensa aedificia,
Liv. 26, 27, 3.—In partic.1.To attack, seize upon in a hostile manner, to seize, lay hold of, arrest, catch, apprehend:* b.aliquem pro moecho Comprehendere et constringere,
Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 23; 5, 1, 20:tam capitalem hostem,
Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:hominem,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4, § 14:nefarios duces,
id. Cat. 3, 7, 16:Virginium,
Liv. 3, 48, 6; cf. id. 1, 41, 1:praesidium Punicum,
id. 26, 14, 7:hunc comprehenderant atque in vincula conjecerant,
Caes. B. G. 4, 27; 5, 25:in fugā,
id. ib. 5, 21.—Rarely of disease:comprehensus morbo,
Just. 23, 2, 4; cf.:comprehensi pestiferā lue,
id. 32, 3, 9.—Of places, to occupy, seize upon:aliis comprehensis collibus munitiones perfecerunt,
Caes. B. C. 3, 46 fin. —Of things, to intercept' -epistulas, Just. 20, 5, 12.—2.To seize upon one, to apprehend him in any crime:b.fures,
Cat. 62, 35.—With inf.: qui interesse concentibus interdictis fuerint comprehensi, Cod. Th. 16, 4, 5.—Hence,Transf. to the crime:3.nefandum adulterium,
to discover, detect it, Cic. Mil. 27, 72:res ejus indicio,
id. Clu. 16, 47.—Of plants, to take root; of a graft:4.cum comprehendit (surculus),
Varr. R. R. 1, 40 fin.; so,in gen.,
Col. 3, 5, 1; 5, 6, 18; Pall. Jan. 13, 5.—Of women, to conceive, become pregnant, = concipere:5.si mulier non comprehendit, etc.,
Cels. 5, 21 fin. —Of a space, to contain, comprise, comprehend, include:6.ut nuces integras, quas uno modio comprehendere possis,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 3:circuitus ejus triginta et duo stadia comprehendit,
Curt. 6, 6, 24. —In late medic. lang., of medicines, to combine:7.aliquid melle,
Veg. Art. Vet. 6, 27, 1; Scrib. Comp. 88; 227 al.—Of the range of a missile:8.quantum impulsa valet comprehendere lancea nodo,
Sil. 4, 102.—Of the reach of a surgical instrument:II.si vitium in angusto est, quod comprehendere modiolus possit,
Cels. 8, 3 init. —Trop.A.To comprehend by the sense of sight, to perceive, observe, see (very rare):B.aliquid visu,
Sil. 3, 408;and without visu: comprehendere vix litterarum apices,
Gell. 13, 30, 10.—To comprehend something intellectually, to receive into one's mind, to grasp, perceive, comprehend; with abl.: si quam opinionem jam mentibus vestris comprehendistis: si eam ratio convellet, si oratio labefactabit, etc., if any opinion has already taken root in your mind (the figure taken from the rooting of plants; v. supra, I. B. 3.), Cic. Clu. 2, 6:C.omnes animo virtutes,
id. Balb. 1, 3; id. N. D. 3, 25, 64:animo haec tenemus comprehensa, non sensibus,
id. Ac. 2, 7, 21 sq.:omnia animis et cogitatione,
id. Fl. 27, 66; cf. id. de Or. 2, 31, 136:aliquid mente,
id. N. D. 3, 8, 21:aliquid memoriā,
id. Tusc. 5, 41, 121:qualis animus sit vacans corpore, intellegere et cogitatione comprehendere,
id. ib. 1, 22, 50:aliquid certis signis,
Col. 6, 24, 3:aliquid experimentis assiduis,
Pall. 2, 13, 8.—Without abl.:esse aliquid, quod conprehendi et percipi posset,
Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 17; 2, 6, 18:virtutum cognitio confirmat percipi et conprehendi multa posse,
id. ib. 2, 8, 23; 1, 11, 42.—To comprehend or include in words; to comprise in discourse or in writing, to express, describe, recount, narrate, etc.:2.breviter paucis comprendere multa,
Lucr. 6, 1082; cf.:breviter comprehensa sententia,
Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 20; Quint. 9, 3, 91:comprehendam brevi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 34:perinde ac si in hanc formulam omnia judicia conclusa et comprehensa sint,
id. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:(Cato) verbis luculentioribus et pluribus rem eandem comprehenderat,
id. Att. 12, 21, 1:ipsa natura circumscriptione quādam verborum comprehendit concluditque sententiam,
id. Brut. 8, 34:in eā (terrā) enim et lapis et harena et cetera ejus generis sunt in nominando comprehensa,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 1:emplastra quoque, quae supra comprehensa sunt,
Cels. 5, 27, 3; so absol.:ad veterum rerum nostrarum memoriam comprehendendam impulsi sumus,
Cic. Brut. 5, 19:aliquid dictis,
Ov. M. 13, 160:quae si comprendere coner,
id. Tr. 5, 2, 27. —Poet.: aliquid numero, to number, enumerate:D.neque enim numero comprendere refert,
Verg. G. 2, 104; Ov. A. A. 2, 447; cf.:numerum quorum comprendere non est,
id. Tr. 5, 11, 19.—To comprehend any one in affection, to bind to one's self, to put under obligation, to embrace with kindness (rare;E.mostly in Cic.): multos amicitiā, tueri obsequio, etc.,
to have many friends, Cic. Cael. 6, 13:adulescentem humanitate tuā,
id. Fam. 13, 15, 3:quod omnibus officiis per se, per patrem, per majores suos totam Atinatem praefecturam comprehenderit,
id. Planc. 19. 47.—To shut in, include (late Lat.):spiritum in effigiem,
Lact. 4, 8, 9:elementorum figurae humanā specie comprehensae,
id. 2, 6, 1. -
60 Sebastião I, king
(1554-1578)The king of Portugal whose disappearance and death in battle in Morocco in 1578 led to a succession crisis and to Spain's annexation of Portugal in 1580. He is the person after whom the cult and mythology of Sebastianism is named. Sebastião succeeded to the throne of Portugal at the tender age of three, upon the death of his father King João III in 1557. With his great-uncle Cardinal Henrique, he was the only other surviving legitimate male member of the Aviz dynasty. The Spanish menace loomed on Portugal's eastern horizons, as Phillip II of Spain gathered more reasons to make good his own strong claims to the Portuguese throne. A headstrong youth, Sebastião dreamed of glory in battle against the Muslims and was certainly influenced by the example of the feats of Phillip II's half-brother Don Juan of Austria and the naval victory against the Turks at Lepanto in 1571.Sebastião's great project was a victory in Africa, and he ordered a major effort to raise a fleet and army to attack Morocco. His forces landed at Tangier and Arzila and marched to meet the Muslim armies. In early August 1578, at the battle of Alcácer- Quivir, Portugal's army was destroyed by Muslim forces, and the king himself was lost. Although he was undoubtedly killed, his body was never found. The result of this foolhardy enterprise changed the course of Portugal's history and gave rise to the cult and myth that Sebastião survived and would return one foggy morning to make Portugal great once again.
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