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lyons'

  • 101 Bouge

    A fine white " stamine " or worsted cloth with which shirts are made for those monks forbidden to wear linen. Lyons custom-house book of rates called the stuff imported for making the shirts of the Carthusian monks " bouges."

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Bouge

  • 102 Bresilienne Cord

    A fine silk dress fabric, having silk cords, woven in Lyons. Also used for vestings.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Bresilienne Cord

  • 103 Bruges

    A dress fabric formerly made in Lyons and Belgium of a silk warp and hard-twisted cotton weft, in satin weave.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Bruges

  • 104 Dabos

    The name given by the merchants of Lyons to woollen goods manufactured at Das, in Languedoc.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Dabos

  • 105 Damas De Lyon

    An all-silk upholstery fabric made at Lyons and finished pure. It is an imitation of the Oriental damasks.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Damas De Lyon

  • 106 Damas De Naples

    An all-silk damask made at Naples until the 19th century when a much cheaper cloth was made at Lyons and sold under the same name. The designs were always large floral effects, and the fabric used for upholstering expensive furniture.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Damas De Naples

  • 107 Damasquette

    A brilliant silk cloth woven at Venice during the 18th century. The best quality had a gold floral pattern which was flattened out under rollers and made to assume the form of thin plates. This fabric was imitated by Vaucanson at Lyons, but the manufacture has been long discontinued.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Damasquette

  • 108 Fleur De Soie

    A very high-class Lyons-made silk fabric with a satin face on 12 shafts. Piece-dyed and highly finished.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Fleur De Soie

  • 109 Flower Of Silk

    A very high-class Lyons-made silk fabric with a satin face on 12 shafts. Piece-dyed and highly finished.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Flower Of Silk

  • 110 Moire Ineraillable

    A moire effect produced in the loom, the term means "ineffaceable moire." It is an all-silk cloth in 10-shaft weave invented by a Tignat, a silk manufacturer of Lyons, in 1843. He used two warps, one with 6,400 two-fold ends and the other 1,600 single ends. In the repeat two sheds were filled with 10 picks and two following sheds with one pick only, and so on. The combination of wefts with the different sized warps produced a design with a fancied resemblance to moire.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Moire Ineraillable

  • 111 Polemite

    Solid coloured camlets of the 18th and 19th centuries, made at Lyons, for export. Also Dutch and French camlets made of two-ply angora warp and worsted weft forming cross ribs.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Polemite

  • 112 Radia

    A Lyons-made silk cloth in plain weave, 43/44-in. wide, printed or dyed. When finished it has a high lustre and is soft in handle.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Radia

  • 113 Ras De Saint Maur

    A French serge of silk warp and silk, cotton or wool weft, dyed black and used for mourning garments; it had a taffeta back. This cloth is now known as Radsimir. Made during the 18th century. A silk velvet made with four rows of weft pile alternating with four picks of gold, or silver, or fancy core yarn and ordinary weft. Made at Tours and Lyons in the 18th century.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Ras De Saint Maur

  • 114 Rhea

    The stem fibre of the Boehmeria Tenacissima, a tropical variety of the B. Nivea which includes ramie. This name' is often wrongly applied to ramie. Rhea has been used since 1862 for textile purposes; in that year it was mixed with cotton, in 1875 with flax. Later, after being cut into suitable lengths it was spun on the worsted principle and used as weft in dress fabrics having a two-fold cotton warp. This cloth creased very easily. About 1872 it was mixed with wool which overcame the creasing tendency. Experiments have also been made to mix it with silk in England and Lyons.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Rhea

  • 115 Serge Imperiale

    A French serge, made of wool at Amiens and of silk at Lyons, during the 18th century for drapery and furniture.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Serge Imperiale

  • 116 Taffetas A Coulisses

    French all-silk taffeta made with woven tubes running crosswise at frequent intervals. The fabric was made for the head-dress called " caleche," much in vogue during the first half of the 19th century, the narrow tubes serving to have whalebones slipped through to form the bonnet. Silk velvet was also made on the same principle and called " velours a Coulisses." Both articles were first made by Fiquat and Fed id, Lyons, in 1841

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Taffetas A Coulisses

  • 117 Velours Crepe-De-Chine

    Silk velvet with cut or uncut pile over a ground of crepe de chine, dyed in the piece. First made at Lyons early ipth century.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Velours Crepe-De-Chine

  • 118 Velours Parthenos

    Obsolete French cut silk pile velvet, made at Lyons, about 21-in. wide, 2,400 warp ends for ground and 1,600 ends for pile, 8 picks including 2 rods for pile to a repeat. Similar to Crefeld velvet, but only one kind of weft was used.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Velours Parthenos

  • 119 skip

    A n
    1 ( jump) petit bond m ; he gave a little skip il a fait un petit bond ;
    2 GB ( rubbish container) benne f.
    1 ( not attend) sauter [meeting, lunch, bath, class, school] ;
    2 ( leave out) sauter [pages, chapter] ; you can skip the formalities vous pouvez sauter les formalités ; skip it ○ ! laisse tomber! ;
    3 ○ ( leave) to skip town/the country filer ○ de la ville/du pays.
    C vi ( p prés etc - pp-)
    1 ( jump) ( once) bondir ; ( several times) sautiller ; to skip out of the way of sth ou out of sth's way bondir pour éviter qch ;
    2 ( with rope) sauter à la corde ;
    3 (travel, move) to skip from town to town courir d'une ville à l'autre ; she skipped from Paris to Lyons elle a fait un saut de Paris à Lyon ; to skip from one idea/chapter to another sauter d'une idée/d'un chapitre à l'autre.
    ■ skip over sauter [passage, paragraph].

    Big English-French dictionary > skip

  • 120 Usage note : be

    The direct French equivalent of the verb to be in subject + to be + predicate sentences is être:
    I am tired
    = je suis fatigué
    Caroline is French
    = Caroline est française
    the children are in the garden
    = les enfants sont dans le jardin
    It functions in very much the same way as to be does in English and it is safe to assume it will work as a translation in the great majority of cases.
    Note, however, that when you are specifying a person’s profession or trade, a/an is not translated:
    she’s a doctor
    = elle est médecin
    Claudie is still a student
    = Claudie est toujours étudiante
    This is true of any noun used in apposition when the subject is a person:
    he’s a widower
    = il est veuf
    But
    Lyons is a beautiful city
    = Lyon est une belle ville
    For more information or expressions involving professions and trades consult the usage note Shops, Trades and Professions.
    For the conjugation of the verb être see the French verb tables.
    Grammatical functions
    The passive
    être is used to form the passive in French just as to be is used in English. Note, however, that the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject:
    the rabbit was killed by a fox
    = le lapin a été tué par un renard
    the window had been broken
    = la fenêtre avait été cassée
    their books will be sold
    = leurs livres seront vendus
    our doors have been repainted red
    = nos portes ont été repeintes en rouge
    In spoken language, French native speakers find the passive cumbersome and will avoid it where possible by using the impersonal on where a person or people are clearly involved : on a repeint nos portes en rouge.
    Progressive tenses
    In French the idea of something happening over a period of time cannot be expressed using the verb être in the way that to be is used as an auxiliary verb in English.
    The present
    French uses simply the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:
    I am working
    = je travaille
    Ben is reading a book
    = Ben lit un livre
    The future
    French also uses the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:
    we are going to London tomorrow
    = nous allons à Londres demain
    I’m (just) coming!
    = j’arrive!
    I’m (just) going!
    = j’y vais!
    The past
    To express the distinction between she read a newspaper and she was reading a newspaper French uses the perfect and the imperfect tenses: elle a lu un journal/elle lisait un journal:
    he wrote to his mother
    = il a écrit à sa mère
    he was writing to his mother
    = il écrivait à sa mère
    However, in order to accentuate the notion of describing an activity which went on over a period of time, the phrase être en train de (= to be in the process of) is often used:
    ‘what was he doing when you arrived?’
    ‘he was cooking the dinner’
    = ‘qu’est-ce qu’il faisait quand tu es arrivé?’ ‘il était en train de préparer le dîner’
    she was just finishing her essay when …
    = elle était juste en train de finir sa dissertation quand …
    The compound past
    Compound past tenses in the progressive form in English are generally translated by the imperfect in French:
    I’ve been looking for you
    = je te cherchais
    For progressive forms + for and since (I’ve been waiting for an hour, I had been waiting for an hour, I’ve been waiting since Monday etc.) see the entries for and since.
    Obligation
    When to be is used as an auxiliary verb with another verb in the infinitive ( to be to do) expressing obligation, a fixed arrangement or destiny, devoir is used:
    she’s to do it at once
    = elle doit le faire tout de suite
    what am I to do?
    = qu’est-ce que je dois faire?
    he was to arrive last Monday
    = il devait arriver lundi dernier
    she was never to see him again
    = elle ne devait plus le revoir.
    In tag questions
    French has no direct equivalent of tag questions like isn’t he? or wasn’t it? There is a general tag question n’est-ce pas? (literally isn’t it so?) which will work in many cases:
    their house is lovely, isn’t it?
    = leur maison est très belle, n’est-ce pas?
    he’s a doctor, isn’t he?
    = il est médecin, n’est-ce pas?
    it was a very good meal, wasn’t it?
    = c’était un très bon repas, n’est-ce pas?
    However, n’est-ce pas can very rarely be used for positive tag questions and some other way will be found to express the extra meaning contained in the tag: par hasard ( by any chance) can be very useful as a translation:
    ‘I can’t find my glasses’ ‘they’re not in the kitchen, are they?’
    = ‘je ne trouve pas mes lunettes’ ‘elles ne sont pas dans la cuisine, par hasard?’
    you haven’t seen Gaby, have you?
    = tu n’as pas vu Gaby, par hasard?
    In cases where an opinion is being sought, si? meaning more or less or is it? or was it? etc. can be useful:
    it’s not broken, is it?
    = ce n’est pas cassé, si?
    he wasn’t serious, was he?
    = il n’était pas sérieux, si?
    In many other cases the tag question is simply not translated at all and the speaker’s intonation will convey the implied question.
    In short answers
    Again, there is no direct equivalent for short answers like yes I am, no he’s not etc. Where the answer yes is given to contradict a negative question or statement, the most useful translation is si:
    ‘you’re not going out tonight’ ‘yes I am’
    = ‘tu ne sors pas ce soir’ ‘si’
    In reply to a standard enquiry the tag will not be translated:
    ‘are you a doctor?’ ‘yes I am’
    = ‘êtes-vous médecin?’ ‘oui’
    ‘was it raining?’ ‘yes it was’
    = ‘est-ce qu’il pleuvait?’ ‘oui’
    Probability
    For expressions of probability and supposition ( if I were you etc.) see the entry be.
    Other functions
    Expressing sensations and feelings
    In expressing physical and mental sensations, the verb used in French is avoir:
    to be cold
    = avoir froid
    to be hot
    = avoir chaud
    I’m cold
    = j’ai froid
    to be thirsty
    = avoir soif
    to be hungry
    = avoir faim
    to be ashamed
    = avoir honte
    my hands are cold
    = j’ai froid aux mains
    If, however, you are in doubt as to which verb to use in such expressions, you should consult the entry for the appropriate adjective.
    Discussing health and how people are
    In expressions of health and polite enquiries about how people are, aller is used:
    how are you?
    = comment allez-vous?
    ( more informally) comment vas-tu?
    are you well?
    = vous allez bien?
    how is your daughter?
    = comment va votre fille?
    my father is better today
    = mon père va mieux aujourd’hui
    Discussing weather and temperature
    In expressions of weather and temperature faire is generally used:
    it’s cold
    = il fait froid
    it’s windy
    = il fait du vent
    If in doubt, consult the appropriate adjective entry.
    Visiting somewhere
    When to be is used in the present perfect tense to mean go, visit etc., French will generally use the verbs venir, aller etc. rather than être:
    I’ve never been to Sweden
    = je ne suis jamais allé en Suède
    have you been to the Louvre?
    = est-ce que tu es déjà allé au Louvre?
    or est-ce que tu as déjà visité le Louvre?
    Paul has been to see us three times
    = Paul est venu nous voir trois fois
    Note too:
    has the postman been?
    = est-ce que le facteur est passé?
    For here is, here are, there is, there are see the entries here and there.
    The translation for an expression or idiom containing the verb to be will be found in the dictionary at the entry for another word in the expression: for to be in danger see danger, for it would be best to … see best etc.
    This dictionary contains usage notes on topics such as the clock, time units, age, weight measurement, days of the week, and shops, trades and professions, many of which include translations of particular uses of to be.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : be

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См. также в других словарях:

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