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121 Bewick, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. August 1753 Cherryburn House, Ovingham, Northumberland, Englandd. 8 November 1828 Gateshead, England[br]English perfecter of wood-engraving.[br]The son of a farmer, Bewick was educated locally, but his progress was unremarkable save for demonstrating an intense love of nature and of drawing. In 1767 he was apprenticed to Ralph Beilby, an engraver in Newcastle. Wood-engraving at that time was at a low ebb, restricted largely to crude decorative devices, and Hogarth, commenting on a recent book on the art, doubted whether it would ever recover. Beilby's business was of a miscellaneous character, but Bewick's interest in wood-engraving was noticed and encouraged: Beilby submitted several of his engravings to the Royal Society of Arts, which awarded a premium of £80 for them. His apprenticeship ended in 1774 and he went to London, where he readily found employment with several printers. The call of the north was too strong, however, and two years later he returned to Newcastle, entering into partnership with Beilby. With the publication of Select Fables in 1784, Bewick really showed both his expertise in the art of wood-engraving as a medium for book illustration and his talents as an artist. His engravings for the History of British Birds mark the high point of his achievement. The second volume of this work appeared in 1804, the year in which his partnership with Beilby was dissolved.The essential feature of Bewick's wood-engravings involved cutting across the grain of the wood instead of along it, as in the old woodcut technique. The wood surface thus obtained offered a much more sensitive medium for engraving than before. It paved the way for the flowering of engraving on wood, and then on steel, for the production of illustrated material for an ever wider public through the Victorian age.[br]Bibliography1864, Memoir of Thomas Bewick (autobiography, completed by his daughter). 1784, Select Fables.Further ReadingM.Weekley, 1963, Thomas Bewick, Oxford: Oxford University Press.LRD -
122 Cobham, Sir Alan John
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 6 May 1894 London, Englandd. 21 October 1973 British Virgin Islands[br]English pilot who pioneered worldwide air routes and developed an in-flight refuelling system which is in use today.[br]Alan Cobham was a man of many parts. He started as a veterinary assistant in France during the First World War, but transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in 1917. After the war he continued flying, by giving joy-rides and doing aerial photography work. In 1921 he joined the De Havilland Aircraft Company (see de Havilland, Geoffrey) as a test and charter pilot; he was also successful in a number of air races. During the 1920s Cobham made many notable flights to distant parts of the British Empire, pioneering possible routes for airline operations. During the early 1930s Sir Alan (he was knighted in 1926) devoted his attention to generating a public interest in aviation and to campaigning for more airfields. Cobham's Flying Circus toured the country giving flying displays and joy-rides, which for thousands of people was their first experience of flying.In 1933 Cobham planned a non-stop flight to India by refuelling his aircraft while flying: this was not a new idea but the process was still experimental. The flight was unsuccessful due to a fault in his aircraft, unrelated to the in-flight refuelling system. The following year Flight Refuelling Ltd was founded, and by 1939 two Short flying boats were operating the first inflight-refuelled service across the Atlantic. Inflight refuelling was not required during the early years of the Second World War, so Cobham turned to other projects such as thermal de-icing of wings, and a scheme which was not carried out, for delivering fighters to the Middle East by towing them behind Wellington bombers.After the Second World War the fortunes of Flight Refuelling Ltd were at a low ebb, especially when British South American Airways abandoned the idea of using in-flight refuelling. Then an American contract and the use of their tanker aircraft to ferry oil during the Berlin Airlift saved the day. In 1949 Cobham's chief designer, Peter Macgregor, came up with an idea for refuelling fighters using a probe and drogue system. A large tanker aircraft trailed a hose with a conical drogue at the free end. The fighter pilot manoeuvred the probe, fitted to his aircraft, so that it locked into the drogue, enabling fuel to be transferred. Since the 1950s this system has become the effective world standard.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1926. Air Force Cross 1926.Bibliography1978, A Time to Fly, ed. C.Derrick, London; pub. in paperback 1986 (Cobham's memoirs).Cobham produced films of some of his flights and published Skyways, 1925, London; MyFlight to the Cape and Back, 1926, London; Australia and Back, 1926, London;Twenty Thousand Miles in a Flying Boat, 1930, London.Further ReadingPeter G.Proctor, 1975, "The life and work of Sir Alan Cobham", Aerospace (RAeS) (March).JDS -
123 прилив и отлив
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > прилив и отлив
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124 tide
1. n морской прилив и отливlow tide — отлив, малая вода
neap tide — квадратурный прилив, малая вода
tide pool — водоём, образованный приливом
2. n мор. период времени между приливом и отливомtide out — выходить на отливной волне, с отливом
tide in — входить на приливной волне, с приливом
3. n потоки4. n волнаa rising tide of interest — возрождение интереса, новая волна интереса
5. n течение, направление6. n течение, ход делto stem the tide — противодействовать; преграждать путь
7. n поэт. поток8. n поэт. море9. n уст. время года; сезон; период10. n уст. шанс, возможность11. v плыть по течениюspring tide — весенняя пора, весна
12. v нести по течению13. v смывать14. v уст. случаться, происходитьСинонимический ряд:1. rise and fall of ocean (noun) drag; ebb tide; rise and fall of ocean; surf; tidal flow; tide water2. stream (noun) course; current; drift; flood; flow; flux; progress; progression; river; run; rush; spate; stream -
125 отлив
I муж.
1) ebb (tide) прям. и перен.;
low-tide( малая вода) прилив и отлив
2) перен. decline;
falling off II муж. (оттенок) shimmer;
tint;
play of colo(u) rs;
fleckм.
1. ebb, falling tide;
перен. falling off, withdrawal;
2. (оттенок) tinge;
с золотистым ~ом shot with gold. -
126 marea
Del verbo marear: ( conjugate marear) \ \
marea es: \ \3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativoMultiple Entries: marea marear
marea sustantivo femenino tide;◊ cuando baja/sube la marea when the tide goes out/comes in;marea creciente rising tide, flood tide; marea menguante falling tide, ebb tide; marea negra oil slick
marear ( conjugate marear) verbo transitivo ( con pérdida de equilibrio) to make … dizzy marearse verbo pronominal (— en barco) to get seasick; (— en avión) to get airsick; ( perder el equilibrio) to feel dizzy; ( con alcohol) to get tipsy
marea sustantivo femenino tide
marea alta/baja, high/low tide
marear verbo transitivo
1 (producir náuseas) to make sick (producir desfallecimiento) to make dizzy
2 fam (molestar) to confuse, puzzle: me marea con tanta orden contradictoria, he confuses me with all his contradictory orders ' marea' also found in these entries: Spanish: crecer - efecto - flujo - locuacidad - marear - subir - viento - alto - ascendente - bajar - bajo - reflujo English: come in - giddy - out - rising - slick - thick - tidal - tide - turn - ebb - oil - water -
127 tide
n. ebb och flod, tidvatten; tendens--------v. driva; komma över, övervinna* * *(the regular, twice-a-day ebbing and flowing movement of the sea: It's high/low tide; The tide is coming in / going out.) tidvatten, ebb och flod- tidal- tidal wave -
128 tide
{taid}
I. 1. прилив и отлив
high/full TIDE връхна точка на прилива, прен. кулминационна точка, апогей
low TIDE най-ниската точка на отлива
the TIDE rises/flows/is (coming) in приливът приижда
the TIDE falls/ebbs/is (going) out приливът се оттегля
the TIDE turns приливът/отливът започва, прен. работите се обръщат, нещата се изменят
to turn the TIDE прен. променям хода на събитията
2. време, годишно време, сезон (ост. освен в съчет. като Easter-TIDE, Christmas-TIDE, noon-TIDE, etc.)
3. прен. ход, течение, поток, насока, тенденция
the TIDE of popular opinion вълната на общественото мнение
to work double TIDEs работя много усилено/денонощно
II. 1. влизам в/излизам от пристанище с помощта на прилива/отлива
2. преодолявам, помагам на (някого) да понесе/преодолее (трудност и пр.), оправям, улеснявам (u с over)
he sold his car to TIDE him over his period of unemployment той си продаде колата, за да има с какво да живее, докато е без работа
will ten pounds TIDE you over until you get your wages? 10 лири ще те оправят ли, докато си получиш заплатата?* * *{taid} n 1. прилив и отлив; high/full tide връхна точка на прилива;(2) {taid} v 1. влизам в/излизам от пристанище с помощта на прил* * *сезон;* * *1. he sold his car to tide him over his period of unemployment той си продаде колата, за да има с какво да живее, докато е без работа 2. high/full tide връхна точка на прилива, прен. кулминационна точка, апогей 3. i. прилив и отлив 4. ii. влизам в/излизам от пристанище с помощта на прилива/отлива 5. low tide най-ниската точка на отлива 6. the tide falls/ebbs/is (going) out приливът се оттегля 7. the tide of popular opinion вълната на общественото мнение 8. the tide rises/flows/is (coming) in приливът приижда 9. the tide turns приливът/отливът започва, прен. работите се обръщат, нещата се изменят 10. to turn the tide прен. променям хода на събитията 11. to work double tides работя много усилено/денонощно 12. will ten pounds tide you over until you get your wages? 10 лири ще те оправят ли, докато си получиш заплатата? 13. време, годишно време, сезон (ост. освен в съчет. като easter-tide, christmas-tide, noon-tide, etc.) 14. прен. ход, течение, поток, насока, тенденция 15. преодолявам, помагам на (някого) да понесе/преодолее (трудност и пр.), оправям, улеснявам (u с over)* * *tide [taid] I. n 1. прилив и отлив; diurnal \tide денонощен прилив; flood \tide прилив; ebb \tide отлив; semidiurnal \tide полуденонощен прилив; solar \tide слънчев прилив; spring \tide сизичен прилив; high \tide най-високата точка на прилива; low \tide най-ниската точка на отлива; the \tide falls ( ebbs, is going out) приливът се отдръпва; the \tide turns приливът (отливът) започва, прен. работите се обръщат; to go ( swim) with the \tide нося се по течението (и прен.); to take the \tide at the turn възползвам се от промяната в течението, прен. кова желязото, докато е горещо, докато е време, докато има смисъл; 2. ост. време, период; годишно време, сезон (ост. освен в съчет. Christmas-\tide Коледните празници; noon-\tide времето около обед и пр.); 3. прен. поток, порой, течение, ход, вървеж, насока, направление, тенденция; the \tide of popular opinion вълната, посоката на общественото мнение; the \tide of battle ходът, развоят на сражението; to stem the \tide of задържам (препречвам) пътя на, противодействам на; to turn the \tide променям хода на събитията, извършвам прелом; 4. мед., физиол. периодично изменение (повишение, понижение) на някакъв параметър; acid \tide транзиторно повишаване на киселинността на урината при гладуване; alcaline \tide транзиторно понижаване на алкалността в урината при приемане на храна; fat \tide алиментарна ( хранителна) липемия; • to work double \tides работя усилено, денонощно; II. v 1. рядко нося се по течението, влизам в (излизам от) пристанище с помощта на прилива (отлива); to \tide over преодолявам временно; оправям; his pluck \tideed him over the hardships куражът му помогна да преодолее несгодите; 2. ост. ставам, случвам се.
См. также в других словарях:
at a low ebb — (figurative) In a low or weak state • • • Main Entry: ↑ebb * * * in a poor state the country was at a low ebb due to the recent war * * * at a low ˈebb idiom in a poor state; worse than usual • Morale among teachers is at a low ebb … Useful english dictionary
(a) low ebb — a bad state. Respect for the police is at a low ebb. (not used with the) I d just separated from my wife and was at a fairly low ebb. (= was feeling sad and without hope) Relations between the two countries have reached their lowest ebb (= are… … New idioms dictionary
at a low ebb — at (a) low ebb below the usual condition or standard. The divorce comes at a time when Jackson s career is at a low ebb. Support for the arts has reached its lowest ebb and we hope it won t go any lower. Related vocabulary: up to par … New idioms dictionary
at low ebb — at (a) low ebb below the usual condition or standard. The divorce comes at a time when Jackson s career is at a low ebb. Support for the arts has reached its lowest ebb and we hope it won t go any lower. Related vocabulary: up to par … New idioms dictionary
at a low ebb — A person or organization at a low ebb is not as strong or successful as usual. The recent political crisis has left the country at a low ebb … English Idioms & idiomatic expressions
be at (a) low ebb — be at/reach/(a) low ebb phrase to be in a very small, weak, or unsuccessful state My confidence was at its lowest ebb. Thesaurus: to be in, or to get into a difficult situationsynonym Main entry: ebb … Useful english dictionary
reach (a) low ebb — be at/reach/(a) low ebb phrase to be in a very small, weak, or unsuccessful state My confidence was at its lowest ebb. Thesaurus: to be in, or to get into a difficult situationsynonym Main entry: ebb … Useful english dictionary
at a low ebb — ► at a low ebb in a poor state. Main Entry: ↑ebb … English terms dictionary
ebb — ► NOUN ▪ the movement of the tide out to sea. ► VERB 1) (of tidewater) move away from the land; recede. 2) (often ebb away) (of an emotion or quality) gradually lessen or reduce. ● at a low ebb Cf. ↑at a low ebb … English terms dictionary
at a low ebb — in a poor state. → ebb … English new terms dictionary
ebb — [[t]e̱b[/t]] ebbs, ebbing, ebbed 1) VERB When the tide or the sea ebbs, its level gradually falls. As the tide ebbs, an ominous swell begins to run in. 2) N COUNT: usu the N The ebb or the ebb tide is one of the regular periods, usually two per… … English dictionary