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1 LYPTA
(-pta, -ptr), v. to lift, raise, with dat. (síðan lypti hón kápuhetti hans ok sá í andlit honum); l. e-u upp, to lift up; l. ferð sinni, to start on a journey; impers., lyptir e-u, it is lifted up, raised; lypti þá mjök brúnum manna, their faces brightened;refl., lyptast, to move, stir (lézt hann ekki mundu þaðan l. fyrr en á bak jólum); lyptist þeim þá lítt reiði, their anger was raised a little.* * *t, [cp. lopt], to lift, raise, with acc.; lyptandi sínar hendr, Mar.: with dat., síðan lypti hón kápu-hetti hans, Fms. i. 149; gékk konungr þar til ok lypti upp tjaldinu, 158; hann lypti upp kettinum, Edda; lypta brúnum, to lift the eyebrows, shew gladness:—metaph., lypta ferð, to start on a journey, Fms. x. 6; lyptir nú Jóram sínum her, Stj. 610; má ek engum her héðan lypta, Fms. viii. 22.II. impers. it is lifted up, raised; mér var þat enn mesti harmr, er þessum stormi var lypt, Þiðr. 326; lyptir þá mjök brúnum manna, the men’s eyebrows were lifted up, their faces brightened, Fs. 26.III. reflex. to move, stir; þá tók hann til hennar, ok lyptisk hón ekki, Landn. 151; lézk hann ekki mundu þaðan lyptask fyrr en á bak Jólum, Fms. viii. 16S; lyptisk þeim þá lítt reiði, their anger was raised a little, Fbr. 137. -
2 HEFJA
enter on/upon* * *(hef; hóf, hófum; hafiðr and hafinn), v.1) to heave, raise, lift (hefja stein);hann hóf upp augu sin, he lifted up his eyes;hefja sik á lopt, to make a leap;hefja handa, to lift the hands (for defense);hefja höfuðs, to lift the head, be undaunted;hefja graut, to lift the porridge, eat it with a spoon;2) to exalt, raise in rank;hefja e-n til ríkis, to raise one to the throne;3) to begin;hefja mál sitt, to begin one’s speech;hefja ferð, to set out on a journey, to start;hefja flokk, to raise a party;hefja ákall, to raise a claim;impers., hefr e-t = hefr upp e-t, it begins (hér hefr Kristnisögu);refl., hefjast, to begin, originate (hvaðan af hefir hafizt skáldrskarpr?);4) impers. to be carried, drifted (by storm or tide);höf skipin öll saman (all the ships were drifted) inn at landinu;þeir létu hefja skipin ofan forstreymis, they let the ships drift down the stream;5) with preps.:hefja e-t af e-u, to take it off;impers., en er af henni hóf öngvit (acc.), when she recovered from her swoon;þá hóf af mér vámur allar, all ailments left me;refl., hefjast af höndum e-m, to leave one;hefja á rás, to take to one’s feet (= hafa á rás);refl., láta hefjast fyrir, to retreat, withdraw;hefja munn sinn í sundr, to open one’s mouth;impers., Birkibeina (acc.) hefr undan, the B. drew back;hefja e-t upp, to lift up (hann hóf orminn upp á hendi sér);impers., hóf honum upp brýn (acc.), his face brightened;hefja e-t upp, to begin (= hefja 3);Egill hóf upp kvæðit, E. began his poem;impers., hér hefr upp Konunga-bók, here begins the K.;refl., hefjast upp, to begin (hér hefjast upp landnám);hefjast upp til ófriðar (með ófriði), to begin warfare;láta hefjast við, to lay to (naut.).* * *pret. hóf, pl. hófu; part. hafinn, but also hafiðr (weak); pres. indic. hef; pret. subj. hæfi, with neg. suff. hóf-at, Korm.; [Ulf. hafjan; A. S. hebban; Engl. heave, pret. hove; O. H. G. hafan; Germ. heben; Dan. hæve; Swed. häfva; cp. Lat. capere, in-cipere.]A. To heave, lift, raise; hefja stein, to lift a stone, Eg. 142; ok munu nú ekki meira hefja fjórir menn, 140; (hón) hóf hann at lopti, hove him aloft, Ýt. 9; hefja e-n til himins, Edda 61 (in a verse); hóf hann sér af herðum hver, Hym. 36; þá er hefja af hvera (mod. taka ofan pott, to take the pot off), Gm. 42; hóf sér á höfuð upp hver Sifjar verr, Hým. 34; hón hófat augu af mér, she took not her eyes off me, Korm. 16; hann hóf upp augu sín, he lifted up his eyes, 623. 20; hefja sik á lopt, to make a leap, Nj. 144.2. phrases, hefja handa, to lift the hands (for defence), Nj. 65, Ld. 262; h. höfuðs, to lift the head, stand upright, be undaunted; sá er nú hefir eigi höfuðs, Nj. 213: h. sinn munn í sundr, to open one’s mouth, Sturl. iii. 189: hefja graut, skyr, etc., to lift the porridge, curds, etc., eat food with a spoon, Fms. vi. 364; Rindill hóf (Ed. hafði wrongly) skyr ok mataðisk skjótt, Lv. 63.3. hefja út, to lift out a body, carry it from the house (út-hafning), Eg. 24; er mik út hefja, Am. 100; var konungr hafiðr dauðr ór hvílunni, Hkr. iii. 146. The ceremony of carrying the corpse out of the house is in Icel. still performed with solemnity, and followed by hymns, usually verses 9 sqq. of the 25th hymn of the Passíu-Sálmar; it is regarded as a farewell to the home in which a person has lived and worked; and is a custom lost in the remotest heathen age; cp. the Scot. to lift.β. hefja (barn) ór heiðnum dómi, to lift ( a bairn) out of heathendom, is an old eccl. term for to be sponsor (mod. halda undir skírn), Sighvat (in a verse); N. G. L. i. 350 records three kinds of sponsorship—halda barni undir primsignan, önnur at hefja barn ór heiðnum dómi, þriðja at halda á barni er biskup fermir: to baptize, skal þat barn til kirkju færa ok hefja ór heiðnum dómi, 12; barn hvert er borit verðr eptir nótt ina helgu, þá skal haft vera ( baptized) at Páskum, id.4. to exalt, Ad. 20, cp. with Yngl. S. ch. 10; hóf hann Jóseph til sæmðar, Sks. 454; hafðr til ríkis, 458; upp hafðr, 451; önd hennar var upp höfð yfir öll engla fylki, Hom. 129; hann mektaðisk mjök ok hóf sik of hátt af þeim auðæfum, Stj. 154; at hann hæfi upp ( exaltaret) Guðs orð með tungunni, Skálda 208; konungr hóf hann til mestu metorða, 625. 31: er hans ríki hóf, 28.II. impers.,1. to be heaved, hurled, drifted, by storm, tide, or the like; þá hóf upp knörr (acc.) undir Eyjafjöllum, a ship was upheaved by the gale, Bs. i. 30; hóf öll skipin (acc. the ship drifted) saman inn at landinu, Hkr. i. 206; þetta hóf ( drifted) fyrir straumi, iii. 94; þeir létu hefja ofan skipin forstreymis, let the ship drift before the stream, Fms. vii. 253; Birkibeina hefr undan, the B. went back, ix. 528.2. medic., en er af henni hóf öngvit (acc. when she awoke, of one in a swoon), Bjarn. 68; þá hóf af mér vámur allar (acc. all ailments left me), svá at ek kenni mér nú hvergi íllt, Sturl. ii. 54; ek sé at þú ert fölr mjök, ok má vera, at af þér hafi, I see thou art very pale, but may be it will pass off, Finnb. 236; hóf honum heldr upp brún (acc. his face brightened), Eg. 55.III. reflex. to raise oneself, to rise; hefjask til ófriðar, to raise war, rebel, Eg. 264.β. to be raised; hefjask til ríkis, to be raised to the throne, Fms. i. 99; hefjask hátt, to be exalted, Fs. 13; hann hafði hafisk af sjálfum sér, he had risen by himself, Eg. 23; féll Hákon en hófsk upp Magnúss konungr, Sturl. i. 114; Þórðr hófsk ( rose) af þessu, Landn. 305, Hom. 152.2. phrases, hefjask við, to lay to, a naut. term; lét þá jarl hefjask við ok beið svá sinna manna, Fms. viii. 82; hefjask undan, to retire, draw back, Sd. 144: in the phrase, hefjask af höndum e-m, to leave one; hefsk nú aldregi af höndum þeim, give them no rest, Fms. xi. 59.3. part., réttnefjaðr ok hafit upp í framanvert, Nj. 29.B. Metaph. to raise, begin, Lat. incipere:1. to raise; hefja flokk, to raise a party, a rebellion, Fms. viii. 273; h. rannsókn, to raise an enquiry, Grág. ii. 193; h. ákall, to raise a claim, Eg. 39; h. brigð, to make a reclamation, Gþl. 295.2. to begin; hefja teiti, Fms. vii. 119; h. gildi, Sturl. i. 20; h. Jóla-hald, to begin ( keep) Yule, Fms. i. 31; h. boðskap, ii. 44: of a book, þar hefjum vér sögu af hinum helga Jóni biskupi, Bs. i. 151; h. mál, to begin one’s speech, Ld. 2; h. ferð, to start, Fb. ii. 38; h. orrustu.β. with prep. upp, (hence upp-haf, beginning); hóf Helgi upp mál sitt, Boll. 350; Egill hóf upp kvæðit, E. began his poem, 427; hann heyrði messu upp hafna, Fms. v. 225; hefja upp sálm, to begin a hymn, 623. 35; Flosi hóf upp suðrgöngu sína, F. started on his pilgrimage, Nj. 281; h. upp göngu sína, to start, Rb. 116.γ. hefja á rás, to take to one’s feet; síðan hefr hann á rás ok rann til bæjarins, Eg. 237; hinir Gautsku höfðu (thus weak vide hafa C. 2) á rás undan, Fms. iv. 120.δ. absol., hann hóf svá, he began thus, Fms. i. 33; þar hef ek upp, vii. 146; þar skal hefja upp við arftöku-mann, start from the a., Grág. i. 62.II. impers. to begin; hér hefr Þingfara-bólk (acc.), Gþl. 5; hér hefr upp Kristindóms-bólk, 39, 75, 378; hér hefr Landnáma-bók, Landn. 24; hér hefr upp landnám í Vestfirðinga fjórðungi, 64, 168 (v. l.), 237 (v. l.); hér hefr Kristni-Sögu, Bs. i. 3; nú hefr þat hversu Kristni kom á Ísland, id.; hér hefr sögu af Hrafni á Hrafnsevri, 639; hér hefr upp ok segir frá þeim tíðindum, er …, Fms. viii. 5; áðr en hefi sjálfa bókina, Gþl.; hér hefr sögu Gísla Súrs-sonar, Gísl. (begin.), v. l.: with upp, ok upp hefr Skáldskapar-mál ok Kenningar, Edda (Arna-Magn.) ii. 427; hér hefr upp Konunga-bók og hefr fyrst um þriðjunga-skipti heimsins, Hkr. Cod. Fris. 3; hann kom til Túnsbergs er upp hóf Adventus Domini, Fms. ix. 338.III. reflex. to begin; þar hefsk saga Harðar, Landn. 62; hvaðan hefir hafizk sú íþrótt, whence originates that art? Edda 47; hér hefjask upp landnám, Landn. 275; hófsk ríki Haralds konungs, king H.’s reign began, Ld. 2; áðr Rómverja-ríki hófsk, Rb. 402; hófusk (höfðusk, Ed. wrongly) þá enn orrostur af nýju, Fms. xi. 184; hvernig hafizk hefir þessi úhæfa, Al. 125; nú hefsk önnur tungl-öldin, Rb. 34; þá hefsk vetr, 70–78, 436. -
3 HÖFUÐ
(dat. höfði, gen. pl. höfða), n.1) head (höggva höfuð af e-m);láta e-n höfði skemmra, to behead one;strjúka aldrei um frjálst höfuð, to be never free, never at ease;skera e-m höfuð, to make a wry face at one;heita í höfuð e-m, to be called after a person;hætta höfði, to risk one’s life;leggja við höfuð sitt, to stake one’s head;fœra e-m höfuð sitt, to surrender oneself to an enemy;drepa niðr höfði, to droop the head;þoku hóf af höfði, the fog lifted;stíga yfir höfuð e-m, to overcome one;hlaða helium að höfði e-m, to leave one dead on the spot;ganga milli bols ok höfuðs e-s or á e-m, to hew of one’s head, to kill outright;senda e-n til höfuðs e-m, to send one to take another’s head;leggja fé til höfuðs e-m, to set a price on one’s head;leggjast e-t undir höfuð, to put aside, neglect (Þ. lagðist eigi þessa ferð undir höfuð);vera höfði hærri, to be taller by a head;2) head, chief (höfuð lendra manna);Þrándheimr hefir lengi verið kallaðr höfuð Noregs, the chief district of Norway;3) ornamental prow of a ship (skip með gyltum höfðum);ornamental head on a bridle (slitnaði sundr beizlit, ok týndist höfuð, er á var).* * *n., dat. höfði; gen. pl. höfða, dat. höfðum; in Norse MSS. often spelt hafuð, Anecd. 4 (without umlaut); the root-vowel seems in very early times (8th century) to have been a diphthong; thus Bragi uses the rhymes, laufi—haufði, and rauf—haufuð, Edda; the old ditty with a half rhyme, höfðu vér í haufði, Hkr. i. 104, wou’d be faulty unless we accept a diphthong in the latter word: in good old MSS. (e. g. Sæm. Cod. Reg.) the word is always spelt with ꜹ or au, never o, and probably never had a diphthongal sound; the Norse spelling havuð however points to a short vowel; and later Icel. MSS. spell o or , e. g. Hb. in Vsp. l. c. It is probable that the short vowel originated in the contracted form, as haufði sounds hard; [cp. Goth. haubiþ; A. S. heâfod; Engl. head; Hel. hôbid; O. H. G. houpit; mid. H. G. houbet; mod. G. haupt; Dan. hôved; Swed. hufvud; Ormul. hæfedd (the single f marks a preceding long vowel); thus all old Teut. languages except the Icel. agree in the length of the vowel, whereas Lat. căput, Gr. κεφαλή have a short root vowel.]A. A head, Vsp. 38, Sdm. 14, Vþm. 19, Þkv. 16, 19, Skm. 23, Nj. 19, 275, Grág. ii. 11, Fms. x. 381, Eg. 181, Edda 59, passim; mátti svá at kveða, at náliga væri tvau höfuð á hverju kvikendi, Hrafn. 22 (of a great increase in stock); Grímr rakaði bratt fé saman, vóru tvau höfuð á hvívetna því er hann átti, Ísl. ii. 14.II. phrases and sayings, láta höfði skemra, to make one a head shorter, behead, Hým. 15, Fm. 34; strjúka aldrei frjálst höfuð, to stroke never a free head, be never free, never at ease; (sagði) at þeir mundi aldrei um frjálst höfuð strjúka, er vinir hans væri, meðan Þórðr væri höfðingi í Ísafirði, Sturl. ii. 124; eg má aldrei um frjálst höfuð strjúka, I never have any time to spare; sitja aldrei á sárs höfði, to be always quarrelling; skera e-m höfuð, to make a wry face at one, Grett. 17; heita í höfuðit e-m, to be called after a person; hón jós sveininn vatni ok kvað hann skyldu heita í höfuð föður sínum, ok var hann kallaðr Gestr, Bárð. 24 new Ed.: the mod. usage distinguishes between heita í höfuð á e-m, when a person is alive when the child was born, and heita eptir e-m, when that person is dead; halda höfði, to hold one’s head up, Flóv. 43, Og.; bera hátt höfuð, to bear one’s head high, Sturl. iii. 147, Sighvat; hefja höfuðs, to lift one’s head, Thom. 535; drepa niðr höfði, to droop one’s head, Bs. i. 625; þoku hóf af höfði, the fog lifted, Ld. 74; búa hvárr í annars höfði, to be at loggerheads, Sks. 346; fara huldu höfði, to go with a hidden head, in disguise, to hide oneself, Fms. vi. 12; færa e-m höfuð sitt, to surrender oneself to an enemy, Eg. ch. 62, 63, Fms. x. 261; stíga yfir höfuð e-m, to pass over one’s head, overcome one, 304; er á engri stundu örvænt nær elli stígr yfir h. mér, Eb. 332; hlaða hellum at höfði e-m, to leave one dead on the spot, Dropl. 18; ganga milli bols ok höfuðs, ‘to gang between bole and head,’ i. e. to kill outright, Eb. 240; hætta höfði, to risk one’s head, Hm. 106; leggjask e-t undir höfuð, to lay under one’s pillow, to put aside; leggjask ferð undir höfuð, Fær. 132, Orkn. 46; þú munt verða fátt undir höfuð at leggjask ef ek skal við þér taka, Sturl. i. 27; vera höfði hærri, to be a head taller, Fms. x. 381; setja höfuð á höfuð ofan, to set head upon head, Bs. i. 73, (viz. to consecrate a second bishop to a see, which was against the eccl. law); cp. kjósa annan konung í höfuð Davíð, Sks. 801.III. in a personal sense, in poets, a person, = Lat. caput, Gr. κάρα, κεφαλή; fárgjarnt höfuð, thou fearful woman! Fas. ii. 556; hraustara höfuð, a bolder man, 315; berjask við eitt höfuð, 49; heiptrækt höfuð, Ýt. 25; andprútt höfuð, high-minded man! Sighvat; tírar h., glorious man; leyfðar h., id., Geisli 56; vina höfuð = cara capita, Bm. 2; frænda höfuð, kinsmen, Skáld H. 3. 40; hvarfúst h., thou fickle woman! Hel. 2.2. a number, tale, head, of animals; fádygt höfuð, of a fox, Merl. 1. 39: head, of cattle, þeir eiga at gjalda þingfarar-kaup, er skulda-hjóna hvert hefir höfuð, kú skuldalausa eða kúgildi, Grág. (Kb.) i. 159, referring to the old way of taxation, which is still the law in Icel., that a freeholder has to pay tax (skattr) only if he has more head of cattle (kúgildi, q. v.), than persons to support.IV. a head, chief; höfuð lendra manna, Fms. vii. 273; h. ok höfðingi, Stj. 457; Þrándheimr er h. Noregs, Fms. vi. 38; höfuð allra höfuð-tíða (gen.), Leiðarvís. 23.V. of head-shaped things:1. a beak, of a ship; með gylltum höfðum, Fms. viii. 385, x. 10, 417, passim; dreka-höfuð, q. v.: the beak was usually a dragon’s head, sometimes a bison’s, Ó. H.; a steer’s, Landn. 5. ch. 8; or it was the image of a god, e. g. of Thor, Fms. ii. 325, (Ó. T. ch. 253); or of a man, Karl-höfði, Ó. H., the ship of St. Olave; cp. the interesting passage, þat var upphaf enna heiðnu laga, at menn skyldu eigi hafa höfuðskip í hafi, en ef þeir hefði, þá skyldi þeir af taka höfuð áðr þeir kæmi í lands-sýn, ok sigla eigi at landi með gapandum höfðum eðr gínandi trjónum, svá at landvættir fældisk við, Landn. (Hb.) 258, Fms. vi. 180 (in a verse), vii. 51 (in a verse). 2. the capital of a pillar, Al. 116, Fb. i. 359 (of tent poles): of carved heads in a hall, sér þú augun útar hjá Hagbarðs-höfðinu? Korm. ch. 3: heads of idols carved on chairs, Fbr. ch. 38: carved heads on high-seats, Eb. ch. 4: that these figures sometimes represented fairies or goddesses is shewn by the word brúða (q. v.) and stólbrúða; heads of bedsteads seem to have been carved in a similar way; cp. also Korm. 86, see tjasna.3. the head-piece of a bridle; týndi maðr höfði á beisli því er görsema-vel var gört, Bs. i. 314, v. l.; the head of a rake, hrífu-h., etc.COMPDS: höfðabúza, höfðafjöl, höfðalag, höfðaskip, höfðatal, höfðatala, höfuðband, höfuðbani, höfuðbein, höfuðburðr, höfuðbúnaðr, Höfuðdagr, höfuðdúkr, höfuðfaldr, höfuðfatnaðr, höfuðfetlar, höfuðgerð, höfuðgjarnt, höfuðgull, höfuðhlutr, höfuðhögg, höfuðlausn, höfuðlauss, höfuðleðr, höfuðlín, höfuðmein, höfuðmikill, höfuðmundr, höfuðórar, höfuðrót, höfuðsár, höfuðskél, höfuðskip, höfuðskjálfti, höfuðsmátt, höfuðsnauðr, höfuðsótt, höfuðsteypa, höfuðsundl, höfuðsvími, höfuðsvörðr, höfuðtíund, höfuðverkr, höfuðvíti, höfuðvörðr, höfuðþváttr, höfuðþyngsl, höfuðærr, höfuðærsl.B. Chief, capital, found like the Gr. ἀρχι- in countless COMPDS: höfuðatriði, höfuðá, höfuðárr, höfuðátt, höfuðbarmr, höfuðbaðmr, höfuðbarmsmaðr, höfuðbaugr, höfuðbenda, höfuðbiti, höfuðbitarúm, höfuðblót, höfuðborg, höfuðból, höfuðbæli, höfuðbær, höfuðdrottning, höfuðefni, höfuðengill, höfuðfaðir, höfuðfirn, höfuðfól, höfuðgersemi, höfuðgjöf, höfuðglæpr, höfuðgoð, höfuðgrein, höfuðgæfa, höfuðhátíð, höfuðhetja, höfuðhof, höfuðinnihald, höfuðísar, höfuðíþrótt, höfuðkempa, höfuðkennimaðr, höfuðkirkja, höfuðklerkr, höfuðkonungr, höfuðkostr, höfuðkvöl, höfuðlist, höfuðlýti, höfuðlæknir, höfuðlærdómr, höfuðlöstr, höfuðsmaðr, höfuðmeistari, höfuðmerki, höfuðmusteri, höfuðnafn, höfuðnauðsyn, höfuðniðjar, höfuðprestr, höfuðráð, höfuðráðgjafi, höfuðskáld, höfuðskepna, höfuðskutilsvein, höfuðskömm, höfuðskörungr, höfuðsmiðr, höfuðspekingr, höfuðstaðr, höfuðstafn, höfuðstafr, höfuðstjarna, höfuðstóll, höfuðstólpi, höfuðstyrkr, höfuðsynd, höfuðsæti, höfuðtunga, höfuðvápn, höfuðveizla, höfuðvél, höfuðvindr, höfuðvinr, höfuðþing, höfuðætt. -
4 YPPA
(-ta, -t), v. to lift up, raise;yppa hurðum, to open the doors;yppa hans lofi, to extol him.* * *t and ð, [upp], ‘to up,’ lift up; with dat. to ‘up with’ a thing, út gékk hón síðin, ypðit lítt hurðum, Am. 47 (see remarks s. hníga III. 2. β); hann ypti merki sínu, Karl. 296; áðr Börs synir bjóðum of ypðu, lifted the earth above the waters (in the creation), Vsp. 4; yppa svipum, to ‘up with one’s face,’ look up, Gm. 45; meðan Gillings gjöldum yppik, i. e. whilst I utter my song, Eyvind.II. metaph. to hold up, exalt, extol; yppa ráðum yðru kappi, Arnór; yppa hans lofi, Fms. x. 372, Al. 71; engi vegr er at yppa hér fyrir alþýðu úgæfu frænda várra, Ölk. 37; mann yptan ok sæmdan, a man lifted up and praised, Barl. 170. -
5 BIRTA
* * *I)(-rta, -rtr), v.1) to brighten, light up, illuminate;var birt allt hlýrit (the bow of the vessel was made bright) bæði hvítum steini ok rauðum;stjörnur birta náttina, light up the night;birta blinda, to make the blind see;birta hjörtu vár, to enlighten our hearts;birta rœðu, to elucidate, make it clearer;impers., veðrit (acc.) birtir, it clears up;þokunni (dat.) birtir, the fog lifts;2) to reveal, manifest, show (skjótt mun ek birta mitt skaplyndi);with dat., birta ást sinni, to manifest one’s love;refl., birtast, to appear (birtist þá skaði þeirra);dagrinn birtist, the day dawns;birtast e-m, to appear to one.f.1) brightness, fair complexion;2) = birti.* * *t, [Ulf. bairhtian], to illuminate, brighten, Stj. 15; b. sýn, 655 xxx; b. blinda, id.2. impers., þokunni birtir af, the fog lifted, Hrafn. 6: to brighten with gilding or colouring, a ship, þá var birt allt hlýrit, cp. hlýrbjartr and hlýrbirt skip, Fms. iv. 277.3. metaph. to enlighten; birta hjörtu vár, Hom. 67, Rb. 390: to make illustrious, Skálda 204.β. to reveal, manifest, Fms. iv. 132, viii. 101: with dat., birti hann ́st sinni, x. 418.γ. reflex, to appear; birtist þá skaði þeirra, Fms. vii. 189, v. 344, Stj. 198, Ann. 1243; b. e-m, Fms. i. 142. -
6 hilla
* * * -
7 hillingar
f. pl. upheaving, esp. of a mirage, when rocks and islands look as if lifted above the level of the sea. -
8 LOPT
n.1) air, atmosphere, sky (skein sól, ok var lítt a l. komin); l. var mikit til jarðar at falla, it was a great height to fall down; l. ok lögr, sky and sea; á l., aloft, into the air; bera (fœra) á l., to spread abroad; hlaupa í l. upp, to leap up into the air; liggja í l. upp, to lie face uppermost; á lopti, aloft, in the air, on high; taka spjót á lopti, to catch a spear as it flies;2) loft, upper room (Gunnar svaf í lopti einu í skálanum);3) balcony (hann hleypr ofan ór loptinu á strætit).* * *n.:1. [Ulf. luftus = ἀήρ; A. S. lyft; Scot. and Old Engl. lift; Engl. a-loft; O. H. G. and Germ. luft], the air, Eluc. 19, Skálda 174: the air, atmosphere, the sky, heaven, lopt vindlaust, Edda 4; skein sól, ok var lítt á lopt komin, Ld. 36; sól er á góðu lopti, high in the sky, Bs. ii. 111; þeir heyrðu klukku-hljóð í loptið upp, Fms. vi. 63, Hdl. 41, Vsp. 29: lopt var mikit ( a great height) til jarðar at falla, Fb. ii. 389: allit., lopt ok lögr, Skm. 6; lýsti af höndum hennar bæði í lopt ok á lög, Edda 22; renna lopt ok lög, 70; hvat manna sá er með gullhjálminn er ríðr lopt ok lög, segja at hann á furðu góðan hest, 56:—plur., inn þver loptin, Bret. 58; hann skapaði himin ok jörð ok loptin, Edda; hann blæss eitri ok dreifir lopt öll ok lög, 41; loptin neðri, Lil. 27; loptin sungu, 34; hverfðr utan um lopt öll, Fas.2. adverb. phrases; á lopt, aloft, into the sky; hlaupa í lopt upp, io leap up into the air, Nj. 84; hefja e-t á lopt, to hold up aloft, extol, Róm. 308, Bs. i. 284, Finnb. 296; bregða á lopt, Eg. 123; bera (færa) á lopt, to spread abroad, Fms. xi. 287, Fas. i. 363, Bs. i. 133, Fs. 9; horfa, liggja í lopt upp (or upp í lopt), to lie face uppermost, opp. to á grúfu, Sturl. iii. 282: á lopti, aloft in the air, on high, hovering; taka spjótið á lopti, to catch a spear flying, Nj. 84; hann vá svá skjótt með sverði, at þrjú þóttu á lopti at sjá, 29, Þkv. 10.3. air, space; hann flaug um alla lása ok gat hvergi lopt fundit svá at hann mætti inn komask, Fb. i. 276.COMPDS: lopthræddr, loptmegin, loptmjöðm, loptríki, loptvægi.B. [Engl., Scot., and Dan. loft], a loft, upper room, also of houses built on piles (stafir), and thus lifted from the ground; this may well be the primitive sense, from which that of air, sky may be derived through the notion that the heavens were a many-storied ceiling, see the remarks s. v. himinn; often used of the bedroom in old dwellings; en er þeir kómu upp á loptriðit sá þeir at loptið var opit, Eg. 236, Fms. ii. 5; þú skalt liggja í lopti hjá mér í nótt … ok læsti hón þcgar loptinu innan, Nj. 6, 7; til lopts þess er Erlingr svaf í, Ó. H. 116; í annan enda hússins var lopt uppi á þvertrjám …, fóru þeir Arnljótr upp á loptið ok lögðusk þar til svefns, 153, Nj. 199; lopt þat er þar er yfir útidyrum, Eb. 118; þeir gengu til svefns ok upp í loptið, Fs. 85; Gunnarr svaf í lopti einu í skálanum, Nj. 114; var Fjölni fylgt til herbergis í hit næsta lopt, Hkr. i. 17; lopts dyrr, the loft doors, Sturl. ii. 94, Fas. iii. 500; lopts gat, an opening in a floor, trap-door.II. a balcony; þeir Þorbjörn vörðusk ór lopti einu, Orkn. 443; hann var skotinn í lopti einu, Fms. vii. 245; tók konungr sér herbergi í lopti einu, Ó. H. 105: in mod. usage of the ceilings or floors in many-storied houses.COMPDS: loptdyrr, lopteldr, loptgluggr, lopthús, lopthöll, loptrið, loptskemma, loptstofa, loptsvalir. -
9 lopta
að, to lift; þat loptar undir e-t, a thing is lifted, the air being seen between it and the ground, Þórð. 64: in mod. usage, with dat. to lift slightly from the ground, eg lopta því ekki, I cannot lift it, cannot move it. -
10 reisa
* * *(-ta, -tr), v.1) to raise (lét hann r. viðuna ok draga seglit); r. e-n upp, to raise up; r. e-n upp af dauða, to raise up from the dead; r. upp lög, to restore the laws;2) to raise, erect, build, of ships and houses (r. bœ, kirkju, hof, skip); r. upp hús, to restore of rebuild houses;3) to raise, start, begin; r. úfrið, to make a rising; r. ferð, to start on a journey; r. bú or búnað, to set up house.* * *1.u, f. [from the Germ. reise], a journey; this word, which is very rare in mod. usage (ferð and för are the vernacular words), appears at the end of the 15th century, Bs. i. 900 (Laur. S. the second recension); var svá hörð reisan þeirra, Fms. viii. 32 (v. l., an error for reiðan, in a vellum of the latter part of the 15th century, but shewing that the transcriber knew the German word); in Norway it occurs in a deed of 1344: in mod. usage Icel. say ferða-reisa, vera á ferða-reisu:—í þrjár reisur, thrice, Bs. ii. 474. reisu-móðr, adj. journey-weary, Jón Þorl.2.t, [Germ. reisen], to travel, (mod.)3.adj. indecl., of cattle so starved or old that they cannot rise, but must be lifted up, reisa af hor. -
11 sjálf-lopta
adj. lifted of oneself, Þd. 9. -
12 vinda
* * *I)(vind; vatt, undum; undinn), v.1) to twist, wring, squeeze; v. klæði sín, to wring one’s wet clothes; v. sik = v. kleði sín (vóru allir vátir ok tóku at v. sik); v. e-t sundr, to break, snap asunder (hann vatt ljáinn í sundr milli handa sér);3) to wind, hoist up by means of a ‘vindáss’; v. segl, to hoist sail (þeir undu segl sín.); v. upp akkeri, to weigh anchor; vindum af ræfrit af skálanum, let us pull the roof off the hall;4) to turn, swing; höfði vatt þá Gunnarr ok Högna til sagði, G. turned his head and spoke to H.; v. eldskíðu í næfrarnar, to hurl a burning brand on the roof; vindr upp sjóðnum, he suddenly lifted up the money-bag;5) refl., vindast, to make a sudden movement, turn oneself quickly; pres. ‘vizt’ (í því kemr Þorgerðr inn, ok vizt Helgi við fast ok fellr ofan af þilinu).f. hank of yarn.* * *u, f. a hank of yarn; vindur er hafa skal í vef, Fbr. 58. -
13 VINDA
* * *I)(vind; vatt, undum; undinn), v.1) to twist, wring, squeeze; v. klæði sín, to wring one’s wet clothes; v. sik = v. kleði sín (vóru allir vátir ok tóku at v. sik); v. e-t sundr, to break, snap asunder (hann vatt ljáinn í sundr milli handa sér);3) to wind, hoist up by means of a ‘vindáss’; v. segl, to hoist sail (þeir undu segl sín.); v. upp akkeri, to weigh anchor; vindum af ræfrit af skálanum, let us pull the roof off the hall;4) to turn, swing; höfði vatt þá Gunnarr ok Högna til sagði, G. turned his head and spoke to H.; v. eldskíðu í næfrarnar, to hurl a burning brand on the roof; vindr upp sjóðnum, he suddenly lifted up the money-bag;5) refl., vindast, to make a sudden movement, turn oneself quickly; pres. ‘vizt’ (í því kemr Þorgerðr inn, ok vizt Helgi við fast ok fellr ofan af þilinu).f. hank of yarn.* * *pres. vind, (vin’g = vind ek, Grett. in a verse, v ing ek háls af kjúkl ingum); pret. vatt (Dan. vandt), vazt, vatt, pl. undu (vundu); subj. yndi; part. undinn: reflex., pres. vizt, and pret. vazt, see below: [Goth., A. S., and Hel. windan; Engl. wind; Germ. winden; Dan. vinde]:—to wring, twist, Fas. ii. 525; vinda klæði, to wring (wet) clothes, Ld. 46; en er hann kom í eyna vatt hann klæði sín, Eg. 219; vóru allir vátir, settusk þeir niðr við eldinn ok tóku at vinda sik, Eb. 274; hann vatt þar ór skál fulla vatns, Stj. 392; hann tók til fjötursins ok vatt hann í sundr, Fms. xi. 289; hann vatt ljáinn í sundr milli handa sér, Fb. i. 522.2. to wind; ok undu svá tréit allt at rótinni, Fms. v. 286; vinda vef, to wind the woof; vindum vef Darraðar, Darr.; vinda segl, to hoist sail; undu þeir segl sín, Orkn. 356, Fms. ii. 176; vindit þá upp akkeri yður, to wind up the anchor, weigh it, Fb. iii. 384; vindum af ræfrit af skálanum, Nj.3. to twist; þær ór sandi síma undu, Hbl.; salr undinn orma hryggjum, Vsp.; Ulfarr vatt við skegginu, U. twisted his beard (Germ. ‘sich den bart streichen’), of a person being flattered, Eb. 164; höfði vatt þá Gunnarr ok Högna til sagði, G. turned his head round and spoke to H., Akv. 6.4. to put, thrust; Eyvindr vatt þá miklu horni í hönd Sveini, E. thrust a big horn (cup) into Sweyn’s hand, Orkn. 248; hón vatt upp skriðljósi, hoisted up a lantern, Nj. 153; vili sá er ymsu vindr fram, that puts forth various things, 677. 8; greip á stafni, vatt með austri upp lög-fáki, he launched the boat with the water in her, Hým. 27.5. to throw, hurl; svipti hón blæju af Sigurði, ok vatt (á) vengi, fyrir vífs knjám, and flung it on the ground, Gkv. 1; svá segja menn at Friðþjófr hafi undit elda-skíðu í næfrarnar, F. hurled a burning brand on the roof, Fas. ii. 87.II. reflex. to turn oneself, vindask við; þá undusk hestar af götu ( they strayed from the road) ok vöfðusk í taumum, Mart. 131; vizk eigi þat (vinnz, v. l.), that will not go amiss, will not fail to pass, Ó. H. 208 (in a verse, cp. Fms. v. 6l, v. l. 4); nú mun ok endr undit þessari frásögn, to turn back in the narrative, Orkn. 202.2. to make a quick movement, turn quickly; en er Helgi sá þat, þá vizt hann undan þeim, Fms. viii. 75, v. l.; Jökull vazk (vazt) við hart ok féll skíða-hlaðinn, Fs. 42; ok nú vizt (i. e. vizk) hann við hart, svá at spjótið gékk af skaptinu, Fas. i. 239; í því kemr Þorgerðr inn, ok vizt Helgi við fast ok fellr ofan af þilinu, Gísl. 47; ok er minnst er vánin vizt Gísli við ok hleypr upp á hamar, 70.3. part. undinn, wound, twisted; undinna festa, twisted moorings, Edda (in a verse); ljós-undinna landa linns, the bright-twisted serpent-land, i. e. gold (A. S. wunden gold).
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